CN114575151A - Carbon fiber based on biological matrix surface modification, preparation method and composite material - Google Patents
Carbon fiber based on biological matrix surface modification, preparation method and composite material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
- D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
- D06M13/292—Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/08—Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/61—Polyamines polyimines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention provides a carbon fiber based on biological matrix surface modification, a preparation method and a composite material, and belongs to the technical field of carbon fiber surface treatment. The method comprises the steps of desizing carbon fibers to obtain the desized carbon fibers; soaking the obtained desized carbon fiber in a polyethyleneimine water solution, and then drying in vacuum to obtain amino activated carbon fiber; and (3) immersing the amino activated carbon fiber into a biological matrix aqueous solution, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the biological matrix treated carbon fiber. The invention also provides a composite material, which comprises epoxy resin and the carbon fiber based on the surface modification of the biological matrix, and the composite material has stronger interlaminar shear strength and bending strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon fiber surface treatment, and relates to a carbon fiber based on biological matrix surface modification, a preparation method and a composite material.
Background
The carbon fiber composite material has the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, low density, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, and is widely applied to various fields of aerospace, transportation, medical appliances and the like. However, the performance of the carbon fiber composite material depends not only on the performance of the carbon fiber and the resin matrix, but also on the interface bonding effect of the carbon fiber and the resin matrix, and the good interface is helpful for promoting the transfer of external load between the carbon fiber and the resin matrix, reducing stress concentration, improving the interface performance and further improving various performances of the carbon fiber composite material. However, carbon fibers are chemically inert and have a low surface energy, resulting in poor bonding to the resin matrix. In order to solve the problem of carbon fiber interface, researchers have proposed a series of methods for modifying the carbon fiber interface, such as oxidation treatment, chemical grafting, chemical vapor deposition, sizing, plasma treatment, high-energy radiation, etc., which are intended to change the chemical composition and surface roughness of the carbon fiber surface, increase the chemical reaction sites on the carbon fiber surface, and further promote the bonding with the resin matrix. But these treatments are detrimental to the properties of the carbon fibers themselves. In future aerospace, automobile industry, tissue engineering, protection and electronic application, a tough and lightweight composite material is a potential engineering material, however, the realization of a synthetic structural material, which enables excellent mechanical balance, high strength, excellent bending modulus and fine crack expansion resistance, and the transition from a nano-scale bulk material to a macro-scale material still represents a significant challenge, and researches show that the surface of carbon fiber is modified with an organic matrix or inorganic nanoparticles, and the microstructure of the carbon fiber can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the material, including strength, rigidity, flexibility, fracture toughness, wear resistance and energy absorption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carbon fiber based on biological matrix surface modification, a preparation method and a composite material.
The invention firstly provides a preparation method of carbon fiber based on surface modification of biological matrix, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: desizing the carbon fibers to obtain the desized carbon fibers;
step two: soaking the desized carbon fiber obtained in the step one in a polyethyleneimine water solution, and then drying in vacuum to obtain amino activated carbon fiber;
step three: and D, immersing the amino activated carbon fiber obtained in the step two into a biological matrix aqueous solution for soaking treatment, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the biological matrix treated carbon fiber.
Preferably, the concentration of the polyethyleneimine aqueous solution in the second step is 1-4g/L,
preferably, the temperature for soaking in the second step is 40-60 ℃, and the soaking time is 1-6 h.
Preferably, the biological matrix solution in the third step is phytic acid solution.
Preferably, the concentration of the biological matrix solution in the third step is 1-3 g/L.
Preferably, the soaking temperature in the third step is 40-60 ℃, and the soaking time is 0.5-1 h.
The invention provides the carbon fiber based on the surface modification of the biological matrix, which is obtained by the preparation method.
The invention also provides a composite material which comprises epoxy resin and the carbon fiber based on the surface modification of the biological matrix.
The invention has the advantages of
The invention provides a biological matrix surface modification-based carbon fiber, a preparation method and a composite material. Meanwhile, the phytic acid is a biological material which is present in seeds, roots, stems and stems of plants, has the highest content in seeds of leguminous plants, bran and germ of grains, is clean, non-toxic and harmless, is environment-friendly, has strong acidity, rich hydroxyl groups, strong crosslinking effect and strong chelating capacity, can generate insoluble compounds with metal ions such as calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and the like, and can also form complexes with proteins. And the self-assembly method is utilized, the operation is simple and convenient, and the nano-scale control can be carried out on the composition and the structure.
The invention also provides a composite material which comprises epoxy resin and the carbon fiber based on the surface modification of the biological matrix. The composite material combines the carbon fiber modified by the biological matrix phytic acid with the epoxy resin to prepare the carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material with high performance. Due to the strong chelating and crosslinking effects of phytic acid, the carbon fiber composite material modified based on the biological matrix has stronger interlaminar shear strength and bending strength compared with an untreated carbon fiber composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a carbon fiber based on surface modification of a biological matrix according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing interlaminar shear strengths of the composite materials obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composite materials obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention firstly provides a preparation method of carbon fiber based on biological matrix surface modification, as shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: desizing the carbon fiber to obtain the desized carbon fiber, wherein the process is preferably as follows: putting the carbon fiber into acetone for heating treatment, removing a sizing agent on the surface of the carbon fiber, washing away excessive acetone by using deionized water, and then performing vacuum drying, wherein the heating treatment temperature is preferably 70-90 ℃, the time is preferably 24-48h, the drying temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 10-12 h;
step two: and (3) soaking the desized carbon fiber obtained in the step one in a polyethyleneimine water solution, washing off redundant polyethyleneimine by using deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the amino activated carbon fiber. The concentration of the polyethyleneimine water solution is preferably 1-4g/L, the soaking temperature is preferably 40-60 ℃, and the soaking time is preferably 1-4 h; the drying temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 1-2 h;
step three: and D, immersing the amino activated carbon fiber obtained in the step two into a biological matrix aqueous solution for soaking treatment, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the biological matrix treated carbon fiber. The biological matrix aqueous solution is preferably phytic acid aqueous solution, the concentration of the phytic acid solution is preferably 1-3g/L, the soaking treatment temperature is preferably 40-60 ℃, and the soaking treatment time is preferably 0.5-1h, and more preferably 0.5 h; the drying temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 1-2h.
The invention provides the carbon fiber based on the surface modification of the biological matrix, which is obtained by the preparation method.
The invention also provides a composite material which comprises epoxy resin and the carbon fiber based on the surface modification of the biological matrix.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite material, which comprises the steps of combining the carbon fiber based on the surface modification of the biological matrix obtained by the method with epoxy resin, and curing by using a curing agent to obtain the carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material based on the surface modification of the biological matrix. The process is preferably as follows: the carbon fiber obtained by the method is preferably carbon fiber cloth, the size cutting is preferably 80 x 80mm, then the carbon fiber cloth is placed in a mold, and epoxy resin and curing agent are added to obtain the carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material modified based on the biological matrix. The adopted epoxy resin introduction method is preferably a vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding technology and a mechanical hot press molding technology, the curing agent is preferably diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine, the curing temperature is preferably 100-120 ℃, the curing time is preferably 1-6h, and the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is preferably 100: 10.8-14.8.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which are only used for illustrating the present invention and are not used for limiting the scope of the present invention.
Comparative example 1
(1) Cutting the carbon fiber cloth into small pieces with the size of 80 x 80mm, putting the small pieces into acetone, heating and soaking the small pieces for 48 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, washing off redundant acetone by deionized water, and then drying the carbon fiber cloth for 10 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) And (3) paving 6 layers of de-sized carbon fiber cloth, putting the carbon fiber cloth into a mold, removing air bubbles from epoxy resin and curing agent diethylenetriamine (the mass ratio is 100:10.8), injecting the epoxy resin and curing agent diethylenetriamine into the mold in vacuum, curing for 2h at 100 ℃ and curing for 2h at 120 ℃ to obtain the carbon fiber composite material.
The composite material obtained in comparative example 1 was tested and found to have an interlaminar shear strength of 50.6MPa and flexural strength and flexural modulus of 935MPa and 76.52GPa, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Comparative example 2
(1) Cutting the carbon fiber cloth into small pieces with the size of 80 x 80mm, putting the small pieces into acetone, heating and soaking the small pieces for 48 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, washing off redundant acetone by deionized water, and then drying the carbon fiber cloth in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) And (3) soaking the desized carbon fiber cloth into a polyethyleneimine water solution with the concentration of 2g/L, adding deionized water for soaking treatment at 50 ℃ for 4h, washing off redundant polyethyleneimine by using deionized water, and performing vacuum drying treatment at 60 ℃ for 1h to obtain the amino-activated carbon fiber.
(3) And (2) paving 6 layers of amino activated carbon fiber cloth, putting the carbon fiber cloth into a mold, removing air bubbles from epoxy resin and curing agent diethylenetriamine (the mass ratio is 100:10.8), injecting the epoxy resin and curing agent diethylenetriamine into the mold in vacuum, curing for 2h at 100 ℃, and curing for 2h at 120 ℃ to obtain the carbon fiber composite material.
The composite material obtained in comparative example 2 was tested, and the interlaminar shear strength of the composite material was measured to be 64.58MPa, and the flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured to be 1029MPa and 84.96GPa, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Example 1
(1) Cutting the carbon fiber cloth into small pieces with the size of 80 x 80mm, putting the small pieces into acetone, heating and soaking the small pieces for 48 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, washing off redundant acetone by deionized water, and then drying the carbon fiber cloth for 10 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) And (3) soaking the desized carbon fiber cloth into a polyethyleneimine water solution with the concentration of 2g/L, adding deionized water for soaking treatment at 50 ℃ for 4h, washing off redundant polyethyleneimine with deionized water, and drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ for 1h to obtain the amino-activated carbon fiber cloth.
(3) Soaking the carbon fiber cloth activated by the amino group into phytic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 1g/L at 50 ℃ for 0.5h, washing off redundant phytic acid by deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 1h to obtain the carbon fiber cloth treated by the phytic acid.
(3) And (2) paving 6 layers of carbon fiber cloth treated by phytic acid, putting the carbon fiber cloth into a mold, removing air bubbles from epoxy resin and curing agent diethylenetriamine (the mass ratio is 100:10.8), injecting the carbon fiber cloth into the mold in vacuum, curing the carbon fiber cloth for 2 hours at 100 ℃ and curing the carbon fiber cloth for 2 hours at 120 ℃ to obtain the carbon fiber composite material.
The composite material obtained in example 1 was subjected to a test to determine that the composite material had an interlaminar shear strength of 78.48MPa, a flexural strength and a flexural modulus of 1254MPa and 105.8GPa, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Example 2
(1) Cutting the carbon fiber cloth into small pieces with the size of 80 x 80mm, putting the small pieces into acetone, heating and soaking the small pieces for 48 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, washing off redundant acetone by deionized water, and then drying the carbon fiber cloth for 10 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) And (3) soaking the desized carbon fiber cloth into a polyethyleneimine water solution with the concentration of 2g/L, adding deionized water for soaking treatment at 50 ℃ for 4h, washing off redundant polyethyleneimine with deionized water, and drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ for 1h to obtain the amino-activated carbon fiber cloth.
(3) Soaking the carbon fiber cloth activated by the amino group in phytic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 1g/L at 50 ℃ for 1h, washing off redundant phytic acid by deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 1h to obtain the carbon fiber cloth treated by the phytic acid.
(3) And (2) paving 6 layers of carbon fiber cloth treated by phytic acid, putting the carbon fiber cloth into a mold, removing air bubbles from epoxy resin and curing agent diethylenetriamine (the mass ratio is 100:10.8), injecting the carbon fiber cloth into the mold in vacuum, curing the carbon fiber cloth for 2 hours at 100 ℃ and curing the carbon fiber cloth for 2 hours at 120 ℃ to obtain the carbon fiber composite material.
The composite obtained in example 2 was tested to determine that the interlaminar shear strength of the composite was 67.26MPa, and the flexural strength and flexural modulus were 1048MPa and 87.78GPa, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Comparative example 3
(1) Cutting the carbon fiber cloth into small pieces with the size of 80 x 80mm, putting the small pieces into acetone, heating and soaking the small pieces for 48 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, washing off redundant acetone by deionized water, and then drying the carbon fiber cloth for 10 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) And (3) soaking the desized carbon fiber cloth into a polyethyleneimine water solution with the concentration of 2g/L, adding deionized water for soaking treatment at 50 ℃ for 4h, washing off redundant polyethyleneimine with deionized water, and drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ for 1h to obtain the amino-activated carbon fiber cloth.
(3) Soaking the carbon fiber cloth activated by the amino group into phytic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 1g/L at 50 ℃ for 1.5h, washing off redundant phytic acid by deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 1h to obtain the carbon fiber cloth treated by the phytic acid.
(3) And (2) paving 6 layers of carbon fiber cloth treated by phytic acid, putting the carbon fiber cloth into a mold, removing air bubbles from epoxy resin and curing agent diethylenetriamine (the mass ratio is 100:10.8), injecting the carbon fiber cloth into the mold in vacuum, curing the carbon fiber cloth for 2 hours at 100 ℃ and curing the carbon fiber cloth for 2 hours at 120 ℃ to obtain the carbon fiber composite material.
The composite material obtained in comparative example 3 was subjected to a test to measure a shear strength between layers of the composite material of 63.12MPa, and a flexural strength and a flexural modulus of 953MPa and 81.86GPa, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
As can be seen from the interlaminar shear strength, bending strength and flexural modulus data of comparative examples 1-3 and examples 1-2, the carbon fiber of the present invention has significantly improved interfacial adhesion with the matrix after surface modification based on the bio-matrix, but the reaction time is too long, and the phytic acid assembled on the surface of the carbon fiber is too much to facilitate the interfacial bonding of the fiber with the resin matrix, so that it is important to control the reaction time. The strong chelation of phytic acid is utilized, and the effective combination of carbon fibers and epoxy resin is promoted through a biological interface chelation strengthening strategy, so that the composite material has good interface combination performance, and the mechanical performance of the composite material is effectively improved. The method is simple and convenient to operate, can carry out nanoscale controlled self-assembly on the components and the structures, and all preparation processes use water as a solvent, so that the method is clean, non-toxic, harmless and environment-friendly.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a carbon fiber based on biological matrix surface modification is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: desizing the carbon fibers to obtain the desized carbon fibers;
step two: soaking the desized carbon fiber obtained in the step one in a polyethyleneimine water solution, and then drying in vacuum to obtain amino activated carbon fiber;
step three: and D, immersing the amino activated carbon fiber obtained in the step two into a biological matrix aqueous solution for soaking treatment, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the biological matrix treated carbon fiber.
2. The method for preparing carbon fiber based on biological matrix surface modification according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the polyethyleneimine aqueous solution in the second step is 1-4 g/L.
3. The method for preparing carbon fiber based on bio-matrix surface modification according to claim 1, wherein the soaking temperature in the second step is 40-60 ℃ and the soaking time is 1-6 h.
4. The method for preparing carbon fiber based on the surface modification of biological matrix according to claim 1, wherein the biological matrix solution in the third step is phytic acid solution.
5. The method for preparing carbon fiber based on the surface modification of biological matrix according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the biological matrix solution in the third step is 1-3 g/L.
6. The method for preparing carbon fiber based on bio-matrix surface modification according to claim 1, wherein the soaking temperature in the third step is 40-60 ℃ and the soaking time is 0.5-1 h.
7. The bio-matrix surface-modified carbon fiber obtained by the production method according to claim 1.
8. A composite material comprising an epoxy resin and the bio-matrix surface modification based carbon fiber according to claim 7.
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CN114164647A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-11 | 长春工业大学 | Carbon fiber with multi-component bionic hierarchical structure, preparation method and composite material |
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