CN114573780B - 一种自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体及制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114573780B CN114573780B CN202011391392.0A CN202011391392A CN114573780B CN 114573780 B CN114573780 B CN 114573780B CN 202011391392 A CN202011391392 A CN 202011391392A CN 114573780 B CN114573780 B CN 114573780B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体及制备方法与应用,所述水分散体由以下组分反应制得:a)至少一种聚醚二醇和/或多元醇,b)至少一种二和/或多异氰酸酯,c)至少一种对异氰酸酯呈反应活性的、单官能度的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇,d)至少一种双/多官能度的小分子扩链醇,e)至少一种亲水化合物,f)至少一种含有叔胺基团的中和剂,g)含有至少两个NCO反应性氨基的低分子化合物。本发明在水分散体制备过程中添加具有非离子表面活性剂结构的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇,使得聚氨酯或聚脲分子链端同时具有亲水和疏水基团,从而大大提高了分散体自身的发泡性和稳泡性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水分散体,尤其涉及一种自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
合成革制品行业一般采用聚氨酯或聚脲发泡树脂,传统的溶剂型树脂通常会产生大量废水废气,不利于人们的身体健康,同时也不符合环境友好得发展理念。近年来,水性聚氨酯或聚脲树脂越来越多的应用的合成革领域,但是水性聚氨酯或聚脲树脂必须添加大量发泡剂才能产生稳定气泡,这样一来就大大增加了合成革的生产成本,同时工艺也更加复杂,并且,发泡剂还有析出的风险,影响产品美观。
CN106750149B提供了一种内乳化加外乳化并用的方法制备发泡型水性聚氨酯乳液,该方法通过减少预聚阶段的扩链剂来降低预聚体粘度,从而可以不用添加任何溶剂,将外乳化剂溶解在水中再对预聚体直接进行分散,该方法虽然避免了溶剂的使用,但是容易造成乳液的不稳定,同时使用的外乳化剂仍然是发泡剂的成分,所以还会有析出的风险。CN109535377A提供了一种具有自发泡功能的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,该方法通过加入聚乙二醇单丁醚封端来引入EO链段提高乳液的自身稳泡性,但是该方法制备的乳液仍然需要加入少量发泡剂才能进行机械发泡。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有自发泡/稳泡功能的聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体。该分散体通过添加具有非离子表面活性剂结构的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇,使得聚氨酯或聚脲分子链端同时具有亲水和疏水基团,从而大大提高了分散体自身的发泡性和稳泡性。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体的制备方法,所述方法简单易行。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,由以下组分反应制得:
a)至少一种聚醚二醇和/或多元醇,
b)至少一种二和/或多异氰酸酯,
c)至少一种对异氰酸酯呈反应活性的、单官能度的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇,
d)至少一种双/多官能度的小分子扩链醇,
e)至少一种亲水化合物,
f)至少一种含有叔胺基团的中和剂,
g)含有至少两个NCO反应性氨基的低分子化合物。
进一步地,以所述水分散体的固体质量计,各组分的用量如下:
组分a)40-90wt%,优选50-80wt%;
组分b)6-45wt%,优选10-35wt%;
组分c)0.5-15wt%,优选1-5wt%;
组分d)0-8.5wt%,优选2-5wt%;
组分e)0.5-7wt%,优选1-3wt%;
组分f)0.4-5wt%,优选1-3wt%;
组分g)0-8wt%,优选1-5wt%。
进一步地,所述组分a)为数均分子量为1000-15000的聚醚二醇或多元醇,优选数均分子量为1000~5000的聚醚二元醇和/或三元醇和/或四元醇;更优选数均分子量为1000-5000的聚环氧丙烷醚二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述组份b)为脂肪族、脂环族和芳香族二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,优选具有两个异氰酸酯基团的脂肪族或脂环族异氰酸酯中的一种或多种;优选使用二异氰酸酯Y(NCO)2,其中Y代表含4-12个碳原子的二价脂族烃基、含6-15个碳原子的二价脂环族烃基、含6-15个碳原子的二价芳族烃基或含7-15个碳原子的二价芳脂族烃基。合适的二异氰酸酯可以是四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸、4,4'-二环己基丙烷二异氰酸、1,4-苯二异氰酸、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸、2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸、2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸、四甲基二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、对苯二甲基二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述组分c)为含有单个端羟基的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇,其中烷基组分为C12-C18的饱和或不饱和烃基、直链烷烃或带支链烷烃;优选地,所述组分c)的摩尔质量为200-800优选300-500的聚合单元为环氧乙烷的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇,其中,每个分子中环氧乙烷个数为3~20,优选3~9。
所述聚乙氧基化脂肪醇的起始剂是碳原子为C12-C18的一元脂肪醇,包括但不限于饱和一元醇,比如,正十二醇、2-十二醇、正十三醇、正十四醇、正十五醇、正十六醇、正十七醇、正十八醇;不饱和脂肪醇,比如,顺-9-烯十六烷-1-醇;优选的起始剂是碳原子为C12-C18的饱和一元醇,尤其优选正十二醇作为起始剂。
进一步地,所述组分d)为至少含有两个NCO反应性羟基的小分子扩链醇,优选乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基戊烷-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-环己基二甲醇、1,2-环己二醇、1,4-环己二醇、2-乙基-3-丙基戊二醇、2,2-二甲基戊二醇、二甘醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或多种,更优选乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甘醇、新戊二醇中的一种或多种,进一步优选二甘醇和/或新戊二醇。
进一步地,所述组份e)为包含离子基团、潜离子基团、非离子基团中的一种或多种亲水基团的亲水化合物;优选地,所述亲水化合物含有2~3个NCO反应性官能团;更优选地,包含潜离子基团的亲水化合物为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、二羟甲基乙酸、二羟基琥珀酸、N-(2-氨乙基)-2-氨基乙烷磺酸、N-(3-氨基丙基)-2-氨基乙磺酸、N-(3-氨基丙基)-3-氨基丙磺酸、N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨基丙磺酸中的一种或多种;包含离子基团的亲水化合物为上述包含潜离子基团的亲水化合物的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和/或铵盐等;包含非离子基团的亲水化合物为数均分子量为500~3000、环氧乙烷个数为4~200的聚氧乙烯醚;进一步优选地,所述组份e)为二羟甲基丙酸、N-(2-氨乙基)-2-氨基乙烷磺酸钠和数均分子量为567~3339、环氧乙烷个数为12~75的聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或多种;所述组份e)优选包括N-(2-氨乙基)-2-氨基乙烷磺酸钠、二羟甲基丙酸和聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述组份f)为氨、碳酸铵、碳酸氢盐、三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺、二异丙基乙基胺、二甲基乙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或碳酸钠中的一种或多种,更优选三乙胺、三乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种或多种;
优选地,所述组份g)选自乙二胺、羟乙基乙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺、1,6-己二胺、亚己基二胺、和异佛尔酮二胺中的一种或多种;更优选乙二胺和/或异佛尔酮二胺。
一种前文所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将组份a)、b)、c)、d)、e)和溶剂在惰性气体保护下投入反应釜反应,直到反应混合物达到理论异氰酸酯含量,得到聚乙氧基化脂肪醇部分封端的预聚物;
2)向上述部分封端的预聚体中加入溶剂稀释并降温,然后加入组分f)进行中和反应;
3)在高速搅拌条件下向中和反应液中加入去离子水进行分散,分散结束后加入组分g)继续反应,反应后除去溶剂,得到水分散体;去离子水的添加量以最终得到的水分散体固含为25-65wt%优选40-55wt%为准。
进一步地,步骤1在催化剂存在的条件下进行,催化剂用量为100-1000ppm,基于固体组分;
优选地,所述催化剂为三乙胺、1,4-二氮杂双环-[2,2,2]-辛烷、氧化二丁锡、二辛酸锡或二月桂酸二丁锡、双-(2-乙基己酸)锡、新癸酸铋、2-乙基己酸铋中的一种或多种;优选新癸酸铋、2-乙基己酸铋,更优选新癸酸铋;
进一步地,步骤1中反应条件为,反应温度50-150℃,优选60-90℃;反应压力0-5MPa,优选0-1MPa。
优选地,所述溶剂任选的使用一种能够在分散期间或之后通过蒸馏部分或完全除去的溶剂,优选丙酮、甲基异丁基酮、丁酮、四氢呋喃、二噁烷、乙腈、二丙二醇二甲醚、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种,更优选丙酮、丁酮,更优选丙酮。
进一步地,步骤2加入溶剂稀释后先降温至45℃以下,再加入组分f)继续反应5-10分钟。
优选地,步骤1和2中溶剂总用量为加入固体份总量的0.3-1.5倍,优选0.5-1.0倍。
进一步地,步骤3中搅拌速率为800-1500r/min,搅拌时间5-15min;
进一步地,步骤3中分散结束后,加入组分g)继续反应5-15min,然后减压蒸馏脱除溶剂。
通过上述方法制备得到的聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体具有25-65wt%优选40-55wt%的固含量。所述水分散体的pH值为4~11,优选5~10;平均粒径通常为80~600nm,优选150~400nm。
本发明还提供一种前文所述的水分散体在真皮革、合成革上的应用。
本发明通过采用具有非离子表面活性剂结构的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇,使得在聚氨酯分子链端同时具有亲水和疏水基团,从而大大提高了分散体自身的发泡性和稳泡性,使制得的聚氨酯分散体在不添加发泡剂和稳泡剂的条件下即可进行机械发泡用于制备合成革。由该方法制备的水性聚氨酯合成革具有很好的耐曲挠性,较高的干/湿剥离强度以及很好的手感。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,本发明所述实施例只是作为对本发明的说明,不限制本发明的范围。
实施例中主要试剂如下:
PPG1000,聚醚二元醇,羟值112mg KOH/g:万华化学集团
PPG2000,聚醚二元醇,羟值56mg KOH/g:万华化学集团
PPG4000,聚醚二元醇,羟值56mg KOH/g:万华化学集团
PTMEG1000,聚醚二元醇,羟值112mg KOH/g:德国巴斯夫
HMS-295R,聚醚二元醇,羟值33mg KOH/g:浙江皇马科技
NRC-2000,聚醚二元醇,羟值56mg KOH/g:山东蓝星东大
4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI):(万华化学集团股份有限公司)
异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI):(万华化学集团股份有限公司)
六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI):(万华化学集团股份有限公司)
AEO-3(聚乙氧基脂肪醇,EO数为3,南通辰润化工有限公司)
AEO-5(聚乙氧基脂肪醇,EO数为5,南通辰润化工有限公司)
AEO-9(聚乙氧基脂肪醇,EO数为9,南通辰润化工有限公司)
二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),瑞典帕斯托
新戊二醇(NPG),万华化学集团股份有限公司
异佛尔酮二胺,IPDA(工业级,万华化学集团股份有限公司)
8108,新癸酸铋催化剂,美国领先化学公司
A801(增稠剂,万华化学集团股份有限公司)
重钙(填料,广福建材精化有限公司)
黑色浆(WH-902,上海富可耐实业有限公司)
水分散体性能评测方法:
以水分散体为基料,加入占其质量0.3%的黑色浆以及20%的重钙配成浆料,然后加入增稠剂A801将浆料粘度调节至18000左右,高速机械搅拌条件下进行发泡,发泡密度680g/L。将配置好的浆料在经过0.3%磷酸溶液处理的丝光绒基布上进行刮涂,干燥,得到测试样品。
耐曲折测试:采用皮革耐挠实验机(HY-761,恒宇仪器(东莞)有限公司)测试样品耐曲折性能。
干/湿剥离测试:采用拉力机测试样品剥离强度。
手感测试:用手抓制备的合成革样品BASE,感受软硬,按1-5分进行分级,5分-表示最优,1分-表示最差。
【实施例1】
将204g经过脱水处理的PPG2000、4.5g DMPA、5g AEO-3、10.5g新戊二醇、85gHMDI、38g丙酮和0.16g催化剂8108加入到装有氮气进出口的1L四口圆底烧瓶中,在80℃搅拌该混合物直到NCO达到1.93wt%。加入180g丙酮稀释,降温至45℃以下,加入3.4g三乙胺中和10min,然后在高速搅拌下通过添加385g水将该混合物分散,分散结束后加入9.5g异佛尔酮二胺继续搅拌5min。再通过蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得无溶剂的水分散体,其具有50wt%的固体含量,平均粒径为245nm,pH=8.1。
【实施例2】
将204g经过脱水处理的NRC-2000、4.5g DMPA、10g AEO-5、8g新戊二醇、85g HMDI、38g丙酮和0.1g催化剂8108加入到装有氮气进出口的1L四口圆底烧瓶中,在80℃搅拌该混合物直到NCO达到2.4wt%。加入212g丙酮稀释,降温至45℃以下,加入3.4g三乙胺中和10min,然后在高速搅拌下通过添加385g水将该混合物分散,分散结束后加入9.5g异佛尔酮二胺继续搅拌5min。再通过蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得无溶剂的水分散体,其具有50wt%的固体含量,平均粒径为213nm,pH=7.9。
【实施例3】
将350g经过脱水处理的HMS-295R、6g DMPA、5g AEO-9、10.5g新戊二醇、85g IPDI、50g丙酮和0.16g催化剂加入到装有氮气进出口的1L四口圆底烧瓶中,在80℃搅拌该混合物直到NCO达到2.95wt%。加入425g丙酮稀释,降温至45℃以下,加入4.53g三乙胺中和10min,然后在高速搅拌下通过添加385g水将该混合物分散,分散结束后加入15g异佛尔酮二胺继续搅拌5min。再通过蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得无溶剂水分散体,其具有50wt%的固体含量,平均粒径为200nm,pH=8.0。
【实施例4】
将90g经过脱水处理的PTMEG1000、2g DMPA、30g AEO-3、9g新戊二醇、85g HMDI、38g丙酮和0.22g催化剂8108加入到装有氮气进出口的1L四口圆底烧瓶中,在80℃搅拌该混合物直到NCO达到2.84wt%。加入287g丙酮稀释,降温至45℃以下,加入1.51g三乙胺中和10min,然后在高速搅拌下通过添加264g水将该混合物分散,再通过蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得无溶剂的水分散体,其具有50wt%的固体含量,平均粒径为180nm,pH=8.1。
【实施例5】
将390g经过脱水处理的PPG4000、4g DMPA、2.2g AEO-3、30g HDI、30g丙酮和0.05g催化剂8108加入到装有氮气进出口的1L四口圆底烧瓶中,在80℃搅拌该混合物直到NCO达到0.76wt%。加入100g丙酮稀释,降温至45℃以下,加入3.02g三乙胺中和10min,然后在高速搅拌下通过添加264g水将该混合物分散,分散结束后加入4g异佛尔酮二胺继续搅拌5min。再通过蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得无溶剂的水分散体,其具有50wt%的固体含量,平均粒径为320nm,pH=7.8。
【实施例6】
将94g经过脱水处理的PPG1000、16g DMPA、5g AEO-3、90g HMDI、15g丙酮和0.16g催化剂8108加入到装有氮气进出口的1L四口圆底烧瓶中,在80℃搅拌该混合物直到NCO达到5.22wt%。加入80g丙酮稀释,降温至45℃以下,加入10g三乙胺中和10min,然后在高速搅拌下通过添加264g水将该混合物分散,分散结束后加入20g异佛尔酮二胺继续搅拌5min。再通过蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得无溶剂的水分散体,其具有50wt%的固体含量,平均粒径为179nm,pH=7.8。
【实施例7】
将90g经过脱水处理的PPG1000、2g DMPA、5g AEO-3、18g新戊二醇、95g HMDI、25g丙酮和0.16g催化剂8108加入到装有氮气进出口的1L四口圆底烧瓶中,在80℃搅拌该混合物直到NCO达到2.75wt%。加入120g丙酮稀释,降温至45℃以下,加入1.51g三乙胺中和10min,然后在高速搅拌下通过添加264g水将该混合物分散,再通过蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得无溶剂的水分散体,其具有50wt%的固体含量,平均粒径为342nm,pH=8.5。
【对比例1】
将204g经过脱水处理的PPG2000、4.5g DMPA、12g新戊二醇、85g HMDI、38g丙酮和0.16g催化剂8108加入到装有氮气进出口的1L四口圆底烧瓶中,在80℃搅拌该混合物直到NCO达到2.95wt%。加入180g丙酮稀释,降温至45℃以下,加入3.4g三乙胺中和10min,然后在高速搅拌下通过添加385g水将该混合物分散,分散结束后加入9.5g异佛尔酮二胺继续搅拌5min。再通过蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得无溶剂的水分散体,其具有50wt%的固体含量,平均粒径为252nm,pH=8.3。
【对比例2】
将80g经过脱水处理的PTMEG1000、1g DMPA、40g AEO-3、5g新戊二醇、85g HMDI、20g丙酮和0.16g催化剂8108加入到装有氮气进出口的1L四口圆底烧瓶中,在80℃搅拌该混合物直到NCO达到4.6wt%。加入130g丙酮稀释,降温至45℃以下,加入0.76g三乙胺中和10min,然后在高速搅拌下通过添加264g水将该混合物分散,再通过蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得无溶剂的水分散体,其具有40wt%的固体含量,平均粒径为102nm,pH=8.2。
将各实施例和对比例制得的水分散体按照前述提供的方法配制浆料,并机械发泡制得水性PU革。对所有水性PU革进行性能测试,测试结果见表1。
表1
备注:手感测试评分标准5分最好,0分最差;-表示制备的乳液发泡稳泡性差,无法制备合成革。
由测试结果可以看出,以本发明制得的水分散体具有很好的发泡性,而对比例1制得的乳液无法实现自发泡,对比例2由于AEO加入量过多导致分子量较小,且亲水基团含量太高,在刮涂浆料时渗布严重。
所以,以本发明制得的自发泡型水性聚氨酯乳液在不加任何发泡剂/稳泡剂的条件下配制的用于PU革的水性浆料具有很好的发泡/稳泡性,制得的水性PU革具有更高的剥离强度,更高的抗曲折性能以及更好的手感。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本领域技术的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明方法的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (28)
1.一种自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,由以下组分反应制得:
a)至少一种聚醚多元醇,
b)至少一种多异氰酸酯,
c)至少一种对异氰酸酯呈反应活性的、单官能度的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇,
d)至少一种多官能度的小分子扩链醇,
e)至少一种亲水化合物,
f)至少一种含有叔胺基团的中和剂,
g)含有至少两个NCO反应性氨基的低分子化合物;
以所述水分散体的固体质量计,各组分的用量如下:
组分a)40-90wt%,
组分b) 6-45wt%,
组分c)0.5-15wt%,
组分d)0-8.5wt%,
组分e)0.5-7wt%,
组分f)0.4-5wt%,
组分g)0-8wt%,
所述组分c)为含有单个端羟基的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇,其摩尔质量为200-800、聚合单元为环氧乙烷,其中烃基组分为C12-C18的饱和或不饱和烃基;
所述自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将组份a)、b)、c)、d)、e)和溶剂在惰性气体保护下投入反应釜反应,直到反应混合物达到理论异氰酸酯含量,得到聚乙氧基化脂肪醇部分封端的预聚物;
2)向上述部分封端的预聚物中加入溶剂稀释并降温,然后加入组分f)进行中和反应;
3)在高速搅拌条件下向中和反应液中加入去离子水进行分散,分散结束后加入组分g)继续反应,反应后除去溶剂,得到固含量为25-65wt%水分散体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,以所述水分散体的固体质量计,各组分的用量如下:
组分a)50-80wt%,
组分b) 10-35wt%,
组分c)1-5wt%,
组分d)2-5wt%,
组分e)1-3wt%,
组分f)1-3wt%,
组分g)1-5wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,步骤3)中,反应结束后得到固含量为40-55wt%水分散体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组分a)为数均分子量为1000-15000的聚醚多元醇。
5.根据权利要求4所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组分a)为数均分子量为1000-5000的聚醚二醇。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份b)为脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族多异氰酸酯。
7.根据权利要求6所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份b)为具有两个异氰酸酯基团的碳原子数为C4-C15的脂肪族或脂环族异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份b)为四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸、4,4'-二环己基丙烷二异氰酸、1,4-苯二异氰酸、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸、2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸、2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸、四甲基二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、对苯二甲基二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组分c)为摩尔质量300-500、聚合单元为环氧乙烷的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇。
10.根据权利要求1所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组分d)为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基戊烷-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-环己基二甲醇、1,2-环己二醇、1,4-环己二醇、2-乙基-3-丙基戊二醇、2,2-二甲基戊二醇、二甘醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或多种。
11.根据权利要求10所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组分d)为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甘醇、新戊二醇中的一种或多种。
12.根据权利要求11所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组分d)为二甘醇和/或新戊二醇。
13.根据权利要求1所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份e)为包含离子基团、潜离子基团中的一种或多种亲水基团的亲水化合物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述亲水化合物含有2~3个NCO反应性官能团。
15.根据权利要求13所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份e)为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、二羟甲基乙酸、二羟基琥珀酸、N-(2-氨乙基)-2-氨基乙烷磺酸、N-(3-氨基丙基)-2-氨基乙磺酸、N-(3-氨基丙基)-3-氨基丙磺酸、N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨基丙磺酸中的一种或多种。
16.根据权利要求13所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份e)为二羟甲基丙酸。
17.根据权利要求13所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份f)为三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺、二异丙基乙基胺、二甲基乙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
18.根据权利要求17所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份f)为三乙胺、三乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
19.根据权利要求18所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份g)选自乙二胺、羟乙基乙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺、1,6-己二胺、异佛尔酮二胺中的一种或多种。
20.根据权利要求19所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述组份g)为乙二胺和/或异佛尔酮二胺。
21.根据权利要求1所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,步骤1)在催化剂存在的条件下进行,催化剂用量为100-1000ppm,基于固体组分。
22.根据权利要求21所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述催化剂为三乙胺、1,4-二氮杂双环-[2,2,2]-辛烷、氧化二丁锡、二辛酸锡或二月桂酸二丁锡、双-(2-乙基己酸) 锡、新癸酸铋、2-乙基己酸铋中的一种或多种。
23.根据权利要求22所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述催化剂为新癸酸铋、2-乙基己酸铋。
24.根据权利要求22所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述催化剂为新癸酸铋。
25.根据权利要求21所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述溶剂为丙酮、甲基异丁基酮、丁酮、四氢呋喃、二噁烷、乙腈、二丙二醇二甲醚、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种。
26.根据权利要求25所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述溶剂为丙酮或丁酮。
27.根据权利要求26所述的自发泡聚氨酯或聚脲水分散体,其特征在于,所述溶剂为丙酮。
28.一种权利要求1-27任一项所述的水分散体在真皮革、合成革上的应用。
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