CN114568127A - Crawler-type cotton harvesting and ground cotton automatic picking and cleaning equipment - Google Patents
Crawler-type cotton harvesting and ground cotton automatic picking and cleaning equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568127A CN114568127A CN202210311408.5A CN202210311408A CN114568127A CN 114568127 A CN114568127 A CN 114568127A CN 202210311408 A CN202210311408 A CN 202210311408A CN 114568127 A CN114568127 A CN 114568127A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
- A01D46/08—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs of cotton
- A01D46/10—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs of cotton pneumatically
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D51/00—Apparatus for gathering together crops spread on the soil, e.g. apples, beets, nuts, potatoes, cotton, cane sugar
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D55/00—Endless track vehicles
- B62D55/06—Endless track vehicles with tracks without ground wheels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention relates to crawler-type cotton harvesting and ground cotton automatic picking and cleaning equipment, which comprises: the cotton picking machine comprises a crawler-type chassis, a cotton picking platform and a field ground cotton picker; the crawler-type walking chassis is loaded with a pneumatic conveying system, a cotton cleaning system and a cotton collecting box; the crawler-type cotton harvesting and ground cotton automatic picking and cleaning equipment has the advantages of good passing performance, light weight, flexibility in operation, low purchase cost, wide application range, high cost performance, convenience in maintenance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to multifunctional cotton harvesting and ground cotton picking and cleaning equipment with a crawler-type walking chassis, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The cotton distribution in China is mainly in three cotton areas, namely Yangtze river basin, yellow river basin, Xinjiang and the like, the growth environment difference of illumination, temperature, humidity and the like is obvious, the cotton variety, planting agriculture and field management are also different, and the cotton picking effect is comprehensively influenced by the factors. At present, Xinjiang cotton harvesting has the highest mechanization degree, the yield of the machine exceeds 70 percent, the machine is a large wheel type cotton picker, and mature cotton harvesting equipment is not available in inland.
The cotton area in the yellow river basin is mainly represented by major cotton production areas in Hebei and Shandong, mainly comprises small-scale cotton planting in individuals, has narrow machine plowing paths, is inconvenient for turning and turning around in the field because a large or ultra-large cotton harvester cannot land on the ground generally, and is more difficult to ensure the operation efficiency. Meanwhile, the machine is huge and the machine body is heavy, so that the quick and good cross-region operation is not facilitated.
The Yangtze river basin belongs to subtropical seasonal climates, the plum rain period in spring is long, and high temperature and heavy rain in summer exist, so that the planting characteristics of small land blocks of cotton fields, criss-cross drainage ditches, deep ditches and wide ditches are formed for a long time; compared with other cotton areas, the harvesting season has the disadvantages of high soil humidity, mainly viscosity, more foggy days, heavy morning dew, high air humidity, weak elasticity of cotton fibers, low strength and the like. The large wheel type heavy-load machine is not suitable for underground operation, tires are easy to sink or slip, the field trafficability is extremely poor, and the machine is not easy to balance. Only the simplified cotton picking equipment is suitable for the research and development direction of the mechanical cotton harvesting in the local area.
After the mechanical harvesting of cotton is implemented, most of the cotton fallen to the ground and the cotton bolls still exist, cotton farmers usually recover the cotton bolls and the cotton fallen to the ground in order to increase income, and the cotton bolls which contain a large amount of impurities and form bolls which are spitted after being aired lack movable quick cleaning equipment. Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the crawler-type cotton harvesting and automatic ground cotton picking and cleaning equipment overcomes the defects of the technology, and provides crawler-type cotton harvesting and automatic ground cotton picking and cleaning equipment which aims at the cotton areas with regional planting characteristics and requirements such as yellow river drainage basins, Yangtze river drainage basins and the like, the general large heavy-duty cotton picker cannot implement mechanical cotton harvesting operation, and the problems that ground cotton manually recovered after mechanical picking and cotton bolls naturally bloomed after tedding cannot be cleaned and processed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a crawler-type cotton harvesting and ground cotton automatic picking and cleaning equipment comprises: the cotton picking machine comprises a crawler-type chassis, a cotton picking platform and a field ground cotton picker; the crawler-type walking chassis is loaded with a pneumatic conveying system, a cotton cleaning system and a cotton collecting box;
the cotton picking platform and the field falling cotton picker can be mounted on the crawler-type chassis in a replaceable manner and connected with the force conveying system;
the cotton picking platform consists of an auger conveyor and 2 rows or more than 2 rows of picking monomers, and the picking monomers consist of a group of pair-roller picking brushes; the auger conveyor comprises a transverse auger and a longitudinal auger corresponding to the picking units, and can convey the seed cotton picked by the picking units to the pneumatic conveying system;
the pneumatic conveying system comprises a fan, a conveying channel and a tangential flow guide channel; the inlet of the conveying channel is connected with the cotton picking platform or the field cotton falling picker, the outlet of the conveying channel is connected with the inlet of the tangential flow guide channel, and the tail end of the tangential flow guide channel is provided with an adjustable outlet which can be connected with the inlet of the cotton cleaning system or the cotton collecting box; the top of the tangential diversion channel is provided with a grid bar; the fan can form conveying airflow in the conveying channel;
the cotton cleaning system comprises a laying roller, a cleaning roller and a trash removal roller which are arranged from top to bottom; the periphery of the cleaning roller is provided with impurity removing rods; the cotton cleaning system is also provided with a cotton brushing roller and a cleaning fan; the cotton brushing roller and the cleaning roller are configured into a pair and are arranged at an outlet of the cotton cleaning system, and the outlet of the cotton cleaning system is connected with the cotton collecting box; a trash discharging port is formed beside the trash discharging roller;
the cotton discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the cotton collecting box, chains are distributed on two sides of the cotton discharging device respectively, and cotton scraping plates are fixed on the two sides of the chains in a discontinuous crossing manner;
the field cotton picker for the fallen ground is provided with a cotton suction pipe and can be fixed at the inlet of the pneumatic conveying system.
The scheme is further improved in that: an expansion cavity is arranged at the outlet of the conveying channel; the top of the expansion cavity is provided with a triangular biasing body towards the bottom; the tip of the triangular biasing body faces the conveying channel, and the bottom edge of the triangular biasing body faces the outlet of the conveying channel.
The scheme is further improved in that: the lowest position of the conveying channel is provided with a cotton boll discharging port.
The scheme is further improved in that: a plurality of swingable adjusting plates are arranged in the tangential flow guide channel, and the orientation of an adjustable outlet of the tangential flow guide channel is changed through the swing of the adjusting plates.
The scheme is further improved in that: the spacing between the picking monomers is adjustable.
The scheme is further improved in that: when the moisture content of the seed cotton is not more than 12%, the adjustable outlet of the tangential flow guide channel is connected with the inlet of the cotton cleaning system, and when the moisture content of the seed cotton is more than 12%, the adjustable outlet of the tangential flow guide channel is connected with the cotton collecting box.
The crawler-type cotton harvesting and ground cotton automatic picking and cleaning equipment provided by the invention creates multifunctional equipment for cotton harvesting and ground cotton automatic picking and cleaning of the crawler-type traveling chassis for the first time, and can be changed into field-moving type ground cotton picking and cleaning equipment by replacing the picking platform as a field ground cotton picker, so that the advantage of one machine with multiple purposes is achieved. During harvesting, the difference of the cotton moisture content and other operation conditions in different cotton areas is obvious, the invention provides a double-channel mode and a quick-displacement structure, and the problem that the cotton is difficult to harvest mechanically under the operation condition of high moisture content of seed cotton can be solved. Aiming at the difference of the row spacing of cotton planting, the invention provides a brush roll picking platform with adjustable row spacing of picking monomers, which is suitable for mechanized harvesting of cotton under different planting agriculture. In order to improve the operation efficiency and the impurity removal rate, the invention provides an offset triangular body, a uniform feeding mechanism, a forced impurity removal mechanism and the like, and the purposes of uniform, continuous and efficient impurity removal in cotton feeding are met. Compared with a conventional large-scale wheel type cotton picker, the crawler-type cotton picker has the advantages of good passing ability, light weight, flexible operation, low machine purchasing cost, wide application range, high cost performance, convenience in maintenance and the like.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the crawler-type chassis in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the tracked undercarriage of FIG. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the cotton picking station of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the cotton cleaning system of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the cotton picking station of fig. 1 replaced with a field ground cotton picker.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the harvested high moisture content cotton of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Examples
The crawler-type cotton harvesting and automatic picking and cleaning equipment for fallen cotton in the embodiment is shown in fig. 1 and comprises: a crawler-type chassis 7 and a cotton picking platform 1 mounted in front of the crawler-type chassis 7. The crawler chassis 7 has the necessary engine, transmission, hydraulic system 15, and steering platform 4, among other things. The power of the engine is not lower than 80kw, the distance between the crawler belts is not lower than 120cm, and the ground pressure of the crawler belts is not higher than 50 kPa.
The crawler-type walking chassis 7 is provided with a pneumatic conveying system, a cotton cleaning system 9 and a cotton collecting box 11. The pneumatic conveying system comprises an upper conveying channel 5, a lower conveying channel 2, a wind accelerating pipe 3, a main fan 8 and a tangential flow guide channel 6. The inlet of the lower conveying channel 2 is connected with the cotton picking table 1, the outlet of the lower conveying channel 2 is connected with the inlet of the upper conveying channel 5, the wind accelerating tube 3 is communicated with the lower conveying channel 2, and the main fan 8 supplies air to the lower conveying channel 2 through the wind accelerating tube 3 to convey seed cotton; the lowest level of the lower transfer passage 2 has a cotton boll discharge outlet.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper delivery passage 5 has an expansion chamber; the top of the expansion chamber has a triangular bias 13 towards the bottom; the triangular biasing body 13 is in a 4-surface body shape; the tip of the bottom surface of the triangular biasing body 13 faces into the upper conveying passage, and the bottom edge of the bottom surface faces the outlet of the upper conveying passage 5. The outlet of the upper conveying channel 5 is connected with a tangential diversion channel 6.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, a front adjusting plate 6-1, a middle adjusting plate 6-2 and a rear adjusting plate 6-3 are arranged in the tangential diversion channel 6, and the front adjusting plate 6-1, the middle adjusting plate 6-2 and the rear adjusting plate 6-3 can be pulled to rotate by the driving of a hydraulic system 15, so that the outlet of the tangential diversion channel 6 can face towards an adjustable direction and can be connected with an inlet of a cotton cleaning system 9 or a cotton collecting box 11; the top of the tangential diversion channel 6 is provided with a grating strip 14.
As shown in fig. 4, the cotton picking station 1 consists of an auger conveyor and 2 rows of picking units, and the picking units consist of a group of pair-roller picking brushes 1-2; the auger conveyor comprises a transverse auger and a longitudinal auger 1-1 corresponding to the picking monomers, and the picking monomers are arranged through a worm 1-3 and a turbine 1-4, so that the distance between the picking monomers can be adjusted by rotating the worm 1-3 through a handle 1-5.
As shown in FIG. 5, the cotton cleaning system 9 comprises a laying roller 9-1, a primary cleaning roller 9-2, a secondary cleaning roller 9-4 and a trash removal roller 9-5 which are arranged from top to bottom; a plurality of impurity removing rods 9-5 are arranged around the primary cleaning roller 9-2 and the secondary cleaning roller 9-4; the cotton cleaning system 9 is also provided with a cotton brushing roller 9-6 and a cleaning fan 10; the cotton brushing roller 9-6 is arranged at the outlet of the cotton cleaning system 9, and the outlet of the cotton cleaning system 9 is connected with a cotton collecting box 11; a trash discharging port is arranged beside the trash discharging roller 9-5.
The bottom of the cotton collecting box 11 is provided with a cotton discharging device, two sides of the cotton discharging device are respectively provided with a chain, and the chains at the two sides intermittently cross and are fixed with cotton scraping plates.
As shown in fig. 6, this embodiment enables the cotton picking station to be replaced with a field-grounded cotton picker 12. The field ground cotton picker 12 has a cotton suction pipe that can be connected to the inlet of the upper transfer passage 5. Therefore, the field moving type fallen cotton picking and cleaning equipment is changed.
The elasticity of the cotton dehydrated by tedding is enhanced, and the adhesive force is reduced. The main blower 8 rotates at a high speed under the action of the wind accelerating tube 3, so that the field floor cotton picker 12 forms a strong negative pressure, cotton on the field enters the lower conveying channel 2, the upper conveying channel 5 and the cotton cleaning system 9 through the strong adsorption effect of the field floor cotton picker 12, and finally enters the cotton collecting box 11, thereby realizing automatic picking and cleaning and other works.
When the moisture content of seed cotton is not more than 12%, harvesting by using a cotton picking platform 1 shown in fig. 1, brushing off the seed cotton through picking hairs 1-2, transporting the seed cotton upwards through a longitudinal auger 1-1, intensively transporting the seed cotton to a lower conveying channel 2 through a transverse auger, forming a negative pressure region at an outlet of a wind accelerating tube 3 by high-pressure wind generated by a main fan 8, and forcibly sucking the seed cotton into the lower conveying channel 2 and an upper conveying channel 5; the starting end sharp point of the triangular biasing body 13 in the upper conveying channel 5 gradually protrudes towards the rear upper end, so that the better function of uniformly distributing airflow and materials is achieved; meanwhile, at the lowest position of the lower conveying channel 2, green peaches with higher specific gravity are directly discharged at an outlet at the bottom end of the lower conveying channel 2, the rest materials are blown to the tangential diversion channel 6 under the wind guide belt, and dust and crushed leaves mixed with seed cotton are discharged from a gap at a grid 14 at the top end of the tangential diversion channel 6; the seed cotton is subjected to continuous pressure relief through a combined grid bar 14, the seed cotton subjected to pressure relief falls into an inlet of a cotton cleaning system 9, is uniformly laid and fed by a laying roller 9-1, is subjected to continuous actions of hooking, pulling, bouncing, beating and the like by a primary cleaning roller 9-2 and a secondary cleaning roller 9-4, impurities mixed into the seed cotton are conveyed to a trash discharging roller 9-5 from gaps among a plurality of trash discharging rods 9-3, are pushed to a trash discharging port by the trash discharging roller 9-5 and are discharged, the cleaned seed cotton is swept by a cotton brushing roller 9-6 and enters a rear vertical channel, and finally is pressed into a cotton collecting box 11 under the action of wind power generated by a cleaning fan 10, so that the operations of row harvesting, efficient cleaning, rapid collecting and the like of the cotton are completed.
When the picking row spacing of the machine tool is not matched with the planting row spacing, after the adjusting handles 1-5 are rotated by manpower or external power, the worms 1-3 connected with the adjusting handles 1-5 rotate synchronously to drive the worm wheels 1-4 to slide left and right; the picking table 1 comprises 2 or more than 2 groups of picking table monomers, the worm wheels 1-4 are rigidly connected with the picking table monomers, and the picking table monomers can follow up left and right to achieve the purpose of adjusting the row spacing.
When the water content of the seed cotton exceeds 12 percent, the machine-harvested cotton cannot be cleaned in real time due to overhigh water content, and the seed cotton needs to be dried or baked and then cleaned, so that the aim of finally removing impurities is fulfilled. So that only the cotton can be collected without cleaning, and therefore, the positions of the front adjusting plate 6-1, the middle adjusting plate 6-2 and the rear adjusting plate 6-3 are adjusted so that the outlet of the tangential flow guide passage 6 is connected with the cotton collecting box 11, as shown in fig. 7.
The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and other embodiments may be made in the present invention in addition to the above embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a crawler-type cotton results and falls ground cotton automatic picking cleaning equipment which characterized in that includes: the cotton picking machine comprises a crawler-type chassis, a cotton picking platform and a field ground cotton picker; the crawler-type walking chassis is loaded with a pneumatic conveying system, a cotton cleaning system and a cotton collecting box;
the cotton picking platform and the field ground cotton picker can be mounted on the crawler-type chassis in a mutually replaceable manner and connected with the pneumatic conveying system;
the cotton picking platform consists of an auger conveyor and 2 rows or more than 2 rows of picking monomers, and the picking monomers consist of a group of pair-roller picking brushes; the auger conveyor comprises a transverse auger and a longitudinal auger corresponding to the picking units, and can convey the seed cotton picked by the picking units to the pneumatic conveying system;
the pneumatic conveying system comprises a fan, a conveying channel and a tangential flow guide channel; the inlet of the conveying channel is connected with the cotton picking platform or the field cotton falling picker, the outlet of the conveying channel is connected with the inlet of the tangential flow guide channel, and the tail end of the tangential flow guide channel is provided with an adjustable outlet which can be connected with the inlet of the cotton cleaning system or the cotton collecting box; the top of the tangential diversion channel is provided with a grid strip; the fan can form conveying airflow in the conveying channel;
the cotton cleaning system comprises a laying roller, a cleaning roller and a trash removal roller which are arranged from top to bottom; the periphery of the cleaning roller is provided with impurity removing rods; the cotton cleaning system is also provided with a cotton brushing roller and a cleaning fan; the cotton brushing roller and the cleaning roller are configured in pairs and are arranged at an outlet of the cotton cleaning system, and the outlet of the cotton cleaning system is connected with the cotton collecting box; a trash discharging port is formed beside the trash discharging roller;
the cotton discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the cotton collecting box, chains are distributed on two sides of the cotton discharging device respectively, and cotton scraping plates are fixed on the two sides of the chains in a discontinuous crossing manner;
the field ground cotton pickup device is provided with a cotton suction pipe and can be fixed at the inlet of the pneumatic conveying system.
2. The crawler-type cotton harvesting and automatic landing cotton picking and cleaning equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an expansion cavity is arranged at the outlet of the conveying channel; the top of the expansion cavity is provided with a triangular biasing body towards the bottom; the tip of the triangular biasing body faces the conveying channel, and the bottom edge of the triangular biasing body faces the outlet of the conveying channel.
3. The crawler-type cotton harvesting and automatic landing cotton picking and cleaning equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lowest position of the conveying channel is provided with a cotton boll discharging port.
4. The crawler-type cotton harvesting and automatic landing cotton picking and cleaning equipment of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of swingable adjusting plates are arranged in the tangential flow guide channel, and the orientation of an adjustable outlet of the tangential flow guide channel is changed through the swinging of the adjusting plates.
5. The crawler-type cotton harvesting and automatic landing cotton picking and cleaning equipment of claim 1, wherein: the spacing between the picking monomers is adjustable.
6. The crawler-type cotton harvesting and automatic landing cotton picking and cleaning equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the moisture content of the seed cotton is not more than 12%, the adjustable outlet of the tangential diversion channel is connected with the inlet of the cotton cleaning system; when the moisture content of the seed cotton exceeds 12%, the adjustable outlet of the tangential flow guide channel is connected with the cotton collecting box.
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CN202210311408.5A CN114568127B (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Crawler-type cotton harvesting and ground falling cotton automatic picking and cleaning equipment |
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CN202210311408.5A CN114568127B (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Crawler-type cotton harvesting and ground falling cotton automatic picking and cleaning equipment |
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CN114568127A true CN114568127A (en) | 2022-06-03 |
CN114568127B CN114568127B (en) | 2022-11-29 |
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102334409A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-02-01 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Pickup conveyer and straw harvester comprising same |
CN102577753A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-18 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Self-propelled complex-finger type cotton picker |
WO2014059380A1 (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-17 | Cnh America Llc | Tractor on top cotton harvester with rear picker unit lift and tilt mechanism |
CN106961928A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-21 | 长春继鑫农业装备有限公司 | From walking crawler type double roller stalk crasher |
CN109526401A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-03-29 | 胡进军 | Machine pick cotton seperator is picked up with landing cotton |
US20200281122A1 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2020-09-10 | Cottlab Ltd. | Self-propelled robotic harvester for selective picking of high quality agriculture row crops |
CN113615399A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-09 | 洪建龙 | Air suction type picking machine for cotton falling on ground |
-
2022
- 2022-03-28 CN CN202210311408.5A patent/CN114568127B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102334409A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-02-01 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Pickup conveyer and straw harvester comprising same |
CN102577753A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-18 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Self-propelled complex-finger type cotton picker |
WO2014059380A1 (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-17 | Cnh America Llc | Tractor on top cotton harvester with rear picker unit lift and tilt mechanism |
CN106961928A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-21 | 长春继鑫农业装备有限公司 | From walking crawler type double roller stalk crasher |
US20200281122A1 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2020-09-10 | Cottlab Ltd. | Self-propelled robotic harvester for selective picking of high quality agriculture row crops |
CN109526401A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-03-29 | 胡进军 | Machine pick cotton seperator is picked up with landing cotton |
CN113615399A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-09 | 洪建龙 | Air suction type picking machine for cotton falling on ground |
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