CN114568064B - Pineapple seed breathable water-retention breeding method - Google Patents

Pineapple seed breathable water-retention breeding method Download PDF

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CN114568064B
CN114568064B CN202210193482.1A CN202210193482A CN114568064B CN 114568064 B CN114568064 B CN 114568064B CN 202210193482 A CN202210193482 A CN 202210193482A CN 114568064 B CN114568064 B CN 114568064B
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seeds
pineapple
sponge
water
seed
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CN114568064A (en
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蒋娟娟
徐健
黄丽君
赵静
周彩霞
罗晟昇
郭李怡
韦巧云
张秀芬
唐景美
孔方南
韦优
周婧
卓福昌
罗培四
李文砚
卢美瑛
韦雪英
颜桢灵
周之珞
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Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a ventilated water-retention breeding method of pineapple seeds, which comprises the steps of cleaning fresh pineapple seeds, soaking the seeds for sterilization, putting the seeds into a culture dish with sponge for germination acceleration, adding sterile water, and putting the seeds into an artificial climate box for germination acceleration; picking out pineapple seeds with the sprouted broken openings in time, putting the pineapple seeds into a new sponge culture dish, adding sterile water, putting the sponge culture dish into an artificial climate box for seedling culture, adding a small amount of nutrient solution for multiple times according to the growth condition of the seedlings, and transplanting the pineapple seedlings after 4-7 mature leaves grow out; and (3) planting the pineapple seedlings in the plug tray filled with the nutrient soil, and placing the plug tray on a seedbed for daily maintenance. The sponge is used as the pineapple seed breeding medium, so that the problems that water-deficient paper is hard, seeds are mildewed after being soaked for a long time and the paper sheets are completely attached to the root system and the root system in a winding manner and are not easy to transplant and transplant in the pineapple seed breeding process by using filter paper are effectively solved, the loose water-retention germinated seedlings are strong in root hair and root system, the seed breeding time is shortened, the germination rate and the seedling survival rate are improved, and the cultured pineapple seedling transplantation is not easy to damage and break the root.

Description

Pineapple seed breathable water-retention breeding method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop seedling culture, and particularly relates to a pineapple seed breeding method.
Background
Pineapples belong to the anaphalaceae family, are mainly planted in tropical and subtropical regions, have the second yield to banana and citrus, which are the third most ranked among tropical fruits, and are also one of the most economically valuable fruits worldwide. At present, large-area cultivation is carried out in Fujian, guangdong, hainan, guangxi and Yunnan China.
The pineapple contains rich nutrient components, almost contains all vitamins required by a human body, and can effectively help digestion and absorption. The pineapple can effectively acidolyze fat, clear up bromelain in the intestines and stomach, effectively decompose protein in food, increase peristalsis of the intestines and stomach, and is sour and sweet in taste and popular with the public. As a fresh fruit for consumption, as a can for processing, as a dish flavoring, etc.
The common pineapple planting adopts a bud seedling breeding method, but a seed breeding method is adopted for breeding improved new varieties, and the existing pineapple seed breeding technology has a plurality of defects: because the pineapple seeds are small, the common adoption is to pad filter paper in a culture dish, then place the pineapple seeds on the filter paper and spray moisture, control the culture condition, develop and breed under suitable illumination, temperature, but the problem that the paper of lack of water often appears in the pineapple seed breeding process and becomes hard, soak the seed for a long time and easily go bad and rot and the root system twines each other completely adheres to the scraps of paper and is difficult for transplanting etc. is low with the root system, and the seed germination rate is low, and the seedling survival rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the sponge is used as a pineapple seed breeding substrate, the problems that water-deficient paper is hard, seeds are rotten after being soaked for a long time and paper pieces are completely attached to root systems and root systems in a winding mode and are not prone to transplanting of seedlings in the pineapple seed breeding process through filter paper are effectively solved, meanwhile, nutrient solution is added in the seedling breeding process, nutrition needed by seedling breeding is supplemented in time, the loose water-preserved seedlings are enabled to germinate and have developed root systems, the seed breeding time is shortened, the seed germination rate and the seedling survival rate are improved, and the cultured pineapple seedling transplanting is not prone to root damage and root breakage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the pineapple seed breathable water-retention breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed cleaning: wrapping the collected fresh seeds with cotton gauze, repeatedly kneading to thoroughly clean the transparent seed coat attached to the seed coat, picking and removing the unsaturated and damaged seeds while cleaning, and keeping the cleaned pineapple seeds for later use;
(2) Seed soaking and sterilization: wrapping the seeds with single-layer cotton gauze, putting the cotton gauze into prepared sterilization liquid for soaking the seeds for 15-24 hours, taking out the whole bag of seeds after sterilization, repeatedly soaking the seeds in sterile water and washing the seeds clean, putting the seeds in a clean vessel without changing the seeds, adding the sterile water to ensure that the seeds are wet, and accelerating germination for later use;
(3) Sponge germination acceleration: the sponge is paved in a culture dish A, while sterile water is added into the culture dish, the sponge is lightly pressed to ensure that the pineapple seeds uniformly and fully absorb water, the amount of the added water is proper for the culture dish to be inclined and water seeps out, then the cleaned and sterilized pineapple seeds are uniformly paved on the water-absorbing sponge, the culture dish is covered and marked, the pineapple seeds are placed in an artificial climate box for germination acceleration, and then the sterile water is timely supplemented according to the dry and wet conditions of the sponge until the pineapple seeds germinate;
(4) Sponge seedling culture: picking out pineapple seeds which germinate in the crevasse openings in time, putting the pineapple seeds into a new sponge culture dish B, and separately culturing the pineapple seeds and the ungerminated seeds for seedling culture so as to prevent the roots of the germinated seeds from winding and covering the ungerminated seeds;
placing 20-30 germinated seeds in a culture dish B, adding sterile water to moisten sponge, covering the culture dish and marking, placing the culture dish in an artificial climate box for seedling culture, supplementing sterile water according to the dry and wet condition of the sponge, dripping 1ml of improved Hoagland nutrient solution for 1 time after 10-15 days of growth, dripping 1ml of nutrient solution again at intervals of 7-10 days, and transplanting in time when 4-7 mature leaves grow out of pineapple seedlings;
(5) Seedling transplanting plug trays: slightly peeling the pineapple seedlings meeting the transplanting conditions in the step (4) from one pineapple seedling on a sponge, planting the pineapple seedlings in a hole tray filled with nutrient soil, slowly pouring sufficient root fixing water to ensure that the bottom of the hole tray is slightly seeped, and finally placing the pineapple seedlings on a seedbed for daily maintenance.
Preferably, the (2) seed soaking sterilization: wrapping the seeds with single-layer cotton gauze, putting the seeds into prepared sterilizing liquid for soaking the seeds for 15-24 h, taking out the whole bag of seeds after the sterilization is finished, repeatedly soaking and washing the seeds for 3-5 times by using sterile water, placing the seeds in a clean vessel without changing the original seeds, and adding the sterile water to ensure that the seeds are wet and accelerating germination for later use.
Preferably, the seed soaking sterilization liquid is 500 times of chlorothalonil.
Preferably, the sterile water is subpackaged with 1/3-1/2 ultrapure water in each bottle by using a tissue culture glass bottle, sterilized for 30-40 minutes at the temperature of 121 ℃ in an autoclave, and cooled for later use.
Preferably, the culture environment of the artificial climate chamber is set to be light intensity 5000Lx, temperature 27 ℃, humidity 60%, 14-hour light culture and 10-hour dark culture.
Preferably, the sponge is white sponge with 5mm high density or 3mm medium density.
Preferably, the nutrient solution is an improved Hoagland nutrient solution, and the improved Hoagland nutrient solution is diluted by 100 times with distilled water for standby. The improved Hoagland nutrient solution comprises the following components: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O 900-950mg/L、KNO 3 500-520mg/L、NH 4 NO 3 80-85mg/L、KH 2 PO 4 130-140mg/L、MgSO 4 240-245mg/L、FeNaEDTA 36-37mg/L、KI 0.8-1.0mg/L、H 3 BO 3 6.0-6.5mg/L、MnSO 4 .H 2 O 16.5-17.0mg/L、ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O 8.5-9.0mg/L、Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O 0.25mg/L、CuSO 4 .5H 2 O0.025-0.030mg/L、CoCl 2 .6 H 2 O 0.025-0.030mg/L，pH＝5.8。
Preferably, the nutrient soil in the step (5) is a mixture compounded by peat, coconut coir and perlite, wherein the organic matter is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 2.5 percent.
Preferably, according to the technical scheme, the peat, the coconut coir and the perlite are compounded according to the following ratio of 3.
Preferably, the transplanted seedling tray is a 21-hole plug tray and a matched non-hole tray sold in Jinnong brands, and the length is 540mm, and the width is 280mm.
The size of the culture dish adopted in the invention is 90 mm-100 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. white sponge with the high density of 5mm or the medium density of 3mm is selected as a pineapple seed breeding matrix, the problems that water-deficient paper is hard, seeds are rotten after being soaked for a long time, and paper sheets are completely wound and attached to root systems and root systems in a mutual winding manner and are not prone to transplanting in the process of breeding pineapple seeds by using filter paper are effectively solved, the seedling is germinated in a loose and water-preserved manner, the root hair and the root systems are developed, the seed breeding time is shortened, the germination rate and the seedling survival rate are improved, and the cultured pineapple seedling is not prone to root damage and root breakage in transplanting.
2. The 500-fold bactericide prepared from carbendazim is used for soaking seeds for 15-24 hours, so that the seeds can be effectively prevented from carrying bacteria, and the pineapple seeds are promoted to germinate and grow in advance and healthily.
3. The culture environment of the climatic chamber is set to be 5000Lx of illumination intensity, the temperature is 27 ℃, the humidity is 60%, 14-hour light culture and 10-hour dark culture, the pineapple seeds can break dormancy in proper illumination and temperature and humidity environment, the germination and growth of the pineapple seeds are promoted, the plug tray can be transplanted in 30-45 days (the seeds do not sprout in the dark environment, the germination rate is low in the weak light environment, or part of the hybrid parent seeds continuously hibernate and do not sprout until the illumination is sufficient and the dormancy is broken), and high-quality seedlings are cultured.
4. The method is simple and convenient, has low cost, is easy to cultivate strong seedlings, shortens the breeding time of the pineapple seedlings, and is very suitable for breeding the pineapple seedlings on a large scale.
5. The improved Hoagland nutrient solution is added in the seedling raising process, and the nutrient solution provides comprehensive and sufficient nutrients, so that the growth and development of seedlings are accelerated, and the seedling raising period is shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparative graph at the beginning of the germination experiment at 12.6 days 2021.
FIG. 2 is a chart of germination records for groups of 2021.12.9, 2021.12.14 and 2021.12.18 germination experiments.
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of 30 seeds in 2021.12.4 different seedling culture media before seedling culture.
FIG. 4 is a comparative diagram of the seedling conditions of different seedling mediums after 21 days of seedling culture.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the root system of pineapple seedlings raised on filter paper.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the root residue on filter paper after transplanting of pineapple seedlings grown by filter paper.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the root system of pineapple seedlings grown in 5mm high-density sponge.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the condition of root residue on sponge after transplanting of pineapple seedlings grown in 5mm high-density sponge.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples:
the sterile water used in the experiment is filled with 1/3-1/2 ultrapure water in each bottle of tissue culture glass bottles, sterilized for 30-40 minutes at the temperature of 121 ℃ in an autoclave, and cooled for later use.
Example 1
Pineapple seed germination accelerating contrast experiment:
(1) Seed cleaning: wrapping the collected fresh seeds with cotton gauze, repeatedly kneading to thoroughly clean the transparent seed coat attached to the seed coat, picking and removing the unsaturated and damaged seeds while cleaning, and cleaning the pineapple seeds for later use;
(2) Seed soaking and sterilization: wrapping the seeds with single-layer cotton gauze, putting the seeds into prepared sterilizing liquid for soaking the seeds for 15-24 h, taking out the whole bag of seeds after the sterilization is finished, repeatedly soaking and washing the seeds for 3-5 times by using sterile water, placing the seeds in a clean vessel without changing the original seeds, and adding the sterile water to ensure that the seeds are wet and accelerating germination for later use.
(3) Accelerating germination: the experiment was performed using 3mm medium density sponge, 5mm high density sponge and filter paper, respectively, in a petri dish, 100 seeds per group.
Group a, traditional filter paper culture group.
Group B, 3mm medium density sponge culture group.
Group C, 5mm high density sponge culture group.
Putting a culture medium into a culture dish, adding sterile water to fully enable the culture medium to be uniform and fully absorb water, properly enabling water to seep out when the culture dish is inclined, uniformly paving 100 cleaned and sterilized pineapple seeds on the culture medium respectively, covering the culture dish, labeling, placing the culture dish in an artificial climate box for germination acceleration, timely supplementing sterile water according to the dry and wet conditions of culture until the pineapple seeds germinate, recording the germination conditions of the short seeds in each time to the table 1, and starting germination acceleration experiments 12 and 6 months in 2021.
The culture environment of the artificial climate box is set to be 5000Lx of illumination intensity, 27 ℃ of temperature, 60 percent of humidity, 14 hours of light culture and 10 hours of dark culture.
TABLE 1 seed Germination of different germination media
Figure BDA0003525868480000041
Example 2
Pineapple seed seedling contrast experiment:
(1) Seedling culture: picking out pineapple seeds which are germinated by sponge germination hastening and breaking in the early stage, and putting the pineapple seeds into a new culture dish for seedling culture.
3mm medium-density sponge, 5mm high-density sponge and filter paper are respectively put into different culture dishes for experiments, and each group contains 30 particles.
Adding sterile water into a culture dish to moisten the sponge, covering the culture dish and labeling, placing the culture dish in an artificial climate box for seedling culture, supplementing the sterile water according to the dry and wet condition of the sponge, dripping 1ml of improved Hoagland nutrient solution for 1 time after the sponge grows for 15 days, dripping 1ml of nutrient solution again at intervals of 7-10 days, and transplanting the pineapple seedlings in time when 4-7 mature leaves grow out;
the improved Hoagland nutrient solution comprises the following components: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O 945mg/L、KNO 3 506mg/L、NH 4 NO 3 80mg/L、KH 2 PO 4 136mg/L、MgSO 4 241mg/L、FeNaEDTA 36.7mg/L、KI 0.83mg/L、H 3 BO 3 6.2mg/L、MnSO 4 .H 2 O 16.9mg/L、ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O 8.6mg/L、Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O 0.25mg/L、CuSO 4 .5H 2 O 0.025mg/L、CoCl 2 .6 H 2 O0.025 mg/L, ph =5.8, prepared in advance.
The culture environment of the artificial climate box is set to be 5000Lx of illumination intensity, 27 ℃ of temperature, 60 percent of humidity, 14 hours of light culture and 10 hours of dark culture.
TABLE 2 comparative experimental results of seedling raising with different seedling raising media
Figure BDA0003525868480000051
The seedling raising test takes the germinated pineapple seeds as test materials, the comparison of the figure 3-4 shows that the growth sizes of the seedling plants are sequenced by visual experimental observation: 5mm high density sponge > 3mm Medium density sponge > Filter paper (CK).
As can be seen from table 2, the degree of mildew: filter paper (CK) > 3mm medium density sponge > 5mm high density sponge. Survival rate: 5mm high density sponge > 3mm Medium density sponge > Filter paper (CK).
Example 3
Seedling transplantation root damage contrast experiment of different seedling culture media
(1) Seedling transplanting plug trays: the pineapple seedlings grown by different seedling growing media in the embodiment 2 are gently stripped one by one, the root conditions of the seedlings are recorded in a table 3, then the seedlings are planted in a plug tray filled with nutrient soil, the plug tray is carefully drenched with enough root fixing water slowly so as to ensure that the bottom of the plug tray is slightly seeped, and finally the plug tray is placed on a seedbed for daily maintenance.
The nutrient soil is a mixture compounded by peat, coconut husk and perlite according to the ratio of 3.
Table 3 Experimental results of root damage of seedling contrast transplantation of different seedling culture media
Figure BDA0003525868480000052
Figure BDA0003525868480000061
As can be seen from Table 3 and FIGS. 5-8, the sponge seedling raising effect is superior to the traditional filter paper seedling raising effect, as can be seen from the number of the root systems of the seedlings; in addition, the root system is reserved in the transplanting quantity, the sponge seedling can better reserve the root system, and the damage to the root system of the seedling is small. In particular, a large number of seedling roots remained on the filter paper in FIG. 5, while less roots remained on the sponge in FIG. 8. The main reasons are as follows: 1. gaps of the sponge are loose, so that the sponge can penetrate through the sponge to reduce the probability of mutual winding when the roots of the seedlings grow, and the sponge can be better torn when the seedlings are transplanted; and filter paper texture is inseparable, is difficult for tearing, and the root system can't pass filter paper, leads to the root system of seedling to twine each other easily to the damage is dragged to the root system when leading to transplanting seedlings.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The pineapple seed breathable water-retention breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed cleaning: wrapping the collected fresh seeds with cotton gauze, repeatedly rubbing to thoroughly clean the transparent seed coat attached to the seed coat, picking and removing the unsaturated and damaged seeds while cleaning, and keeping the cleaned pineapple seeds for later use;
(2) Seed soaking and sterilization: wrapping the seeds with a single-layer cotton gauze, putting the seeds into a prepared sterilization solution for soaking for 15 to 24 hours, taking out the whole bag of seeds after sterilization, repeatedly soaking the seeds in sterile water, washing the seeds clean, putting the seeds in a clean vessel without changing the seeds, adding the sterile water to ensure that the seeds are wet, and accelerating germination for later use;
(3) Sponge germination acceleration: the sponge is paved in a culture dish A, while sterile water is added into the culture dish, the sponge is lightly pressed to ensure that the pineapple seeds uniformly and fully absorb water, the amount of the added water is proper for the culture dish to be inclined and water seeps out, then the cleaned and sterilized pineapple seeds are uniformly paved on the water-absorbing sponge, the culture dish is covered and marked, the pineapple seeds are placed in an artificial climate box for germination acceleration, and then the sterile water is timely supplemented according to the dry and wet conditions of the sponge until the pineapple seeds germinate;
(4) Sponge seedling culture: timely picking out pineapple seeds which germinate in the crevasse openings, putting the pineapple seeds into a new sponge culture dish B, and separately culturing the pineapple seeds and the ungerminated seeds for seedling culture so as to prevent the roots of the germinated seedlings from winding and covering the ungerminated seeds;
placing germinated seeds in the culture dish B, adding sterile water to fully wet the sponge, covering the culture dish and marking, placing the culture dish in an artificial climate box for seedling culture, supplementing sterile water according to the dryness and wetness conditions of the sponge, dripping 1ml of nutrient solution for 1 time after the sponge grows for 10-15 days, dripping 1ml of nutrient solution again at intervals of 7-10 days, and transplanting after 4-7 mature leaves grow out of the pineapple seedlings;
the nutrient solution is improved Hoagland nutrient solution, and when the nutrient solution is used, the improved Hoagland nutrient solution is diluted by 100 times by using distilled water for later use;
the improved Hoagland nutrient solution comprises the following components: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 . 4H 2 O 900-950mg/L 、KNO 3 500-520mg/L、NH 4 NO 3 80-85mg/L 、KH 2 PO 4 130-140mg/L 、MgSO 4 240-245mg/L、FeNaEDTA 36-37mg/L、KI 0.8-1.0mg/L 、H 3 BO 3 6.0-6.5mg/L 、MnSO 4 . H 2 O 16.5-17.0mg/L 、ZnSO 4 . 7H 2 O 8.5-9.0mg/L、 Na 2 MoO 4 . 2H 2 O 0.25mg/L 、CuSO 4 . 5H 2 O 0.025-0.030mg/L 、CoCl 2 .6 H 2 O 0.025-0.030mg/L，pH=5.8；
(5) Seedling transplanting plug trays: slightly peeling the pineapple seedlings meeting the transplanting conditions in the step (4) from one of the sponge plants, planting the pineapple seedlings in a hole tray filled with nutrient soil, slowly pouring sufficient root fixing water to ensure that the bottom of the hole tray is slightly infiltrated, and finally placing the pineapple seedlings on a seedling bed for daily maintenance;
the sponge is white sponge with 5mm high density or 3mm medium density.
2. The pineapple seed breathable water-retention breeding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the step (2) of seed soaking sterilization: wrapping the seeds with a single-layer cotton gauze, putting the seeds into a prepared sterilization solution for soaking for 15 to 24 hours, taking out the whole bag of seeds after sterilization, repeatedly soaking and washing the seeds for 3 to 5 times by using sterile water, putting the seeds in a clean vessel without changing the original seeds, and adding the sterile water to ensure that the seeds are wet.
3. The pineapple seed air-permeable water-retaining breeding method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the sterilizing liquid is 500 times of carbendazim.
4. The pineapple seed air-permeable water-retaining breeding method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the sterile water is subpackaged with 1/3~1/2 ultrapure water in each bottle by using a tissue culture glass bottle, sterilized for 30 to 40 minutes at the temperature of 121 ℃ in an autoclave, and cooled for later use.
5. The ventilated water-retention breeding method of pineapple seeds of claim 1, wherein: the culture environment of the artificial climate box is set to be 5000Lx of illumination intensity, 27 ℃ of temperature, 60 percent of humidity, 14 hours of light culture and 10 hours of dark culture.
6. The pineapple seed breathable water-retention breeding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the nutrient soil in the step (5) is a mixture compounded by peat, coconut husk and perlite, wherein the organic matter is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 2.5 percent.
7. The pineapple seed breathable water-retention breeding method of claim 6, characterized in that: the peat, the coconut coir and the perlite are compounded according to the following ratio of 3.
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