CN114557401A - Compound microbial feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound microbial feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114557401A CN114557401A CN202210253579.7A CN202210253579A CN114557401A CN 114557401 A CN114557401 A CN 114557401A CN 202210253579 A CN202210253579 A CN 202210253579A CN 114557401 A CN114557401 A CN 114557401A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- powder
- chitosan
- stirring
- compound microbial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
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- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
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- MIEKOFWWHVOKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S)-2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 MIEKOFWWHVOKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940032049 enterococcus faecalis Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
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- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000002333 glycines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- NOUDPBCEONUCOV-FJXQXJEOSA-N [(2s)-1-ethoxy-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCOC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(C)C NOUDPBCEONUCOV-FJXQXJEOSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QQGRWNMNWONMOO-LEUCUCNGSA-N ethyl (2s,3s)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoate;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCOC(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)CC QQGRWNMNWONMOO-LEUCUCNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/58—Preparation of carboxylic acid halides
- C07C51/60—Preparation of carboxylic acid halides by conversion of carboxylic acids or their anhydrides or esters, lactones, salts into halides with the same carboxylic acid part
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compound microbial feed and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of feeds, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of plant straw powder, 30-40 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1 part of composite microbial agent, 20-15 parts of bean flour, 0.5-2 parts of salt, 2-5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 2-5 parts of animal bone powder and 5-7 parts of chitosan binder; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, adding water and chitosan binder, stirring, adding into granulator, making into granule with diameter of 10mm + -2 mm, and drying. According to the invention, the granulation effect is improved by adding the chitosan binder, the chitosan has a film forming effect, and the film is formed on the surface of the feed, so that the palatability is improved. In addition, the added Chinese herbal medicines are natural, green, safe, pollution-free, strong in health-care performance, reasonable in preparation and capable of promoting appetite to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a compound microbial feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the improvement of living standard of people, the demand of pork is continuously increased, the requirement of the whole quality of the pork is continuously improved, the breeding industry is required to be continuously developed, and various nutrient elements required by the growth and development of animals are balanced.
Meanwhile, in order to reduce the occurrence of swine diseases and improve the immunity of organisms, antibiotics are generally added into the feed so as to improve the immunity of the organisms and improve the growth of the organisms, but long-term use of the antibiotics and other medicines can enable microorganisms to generate drug resistance, cause endogenous infection and secondary infection of livestock and poultry, reduce the immunity of the livestock and poultry, and cause the problems of antibiotic residue and the like, thereby seriously affecting the health of animals and human bodies. More and more antibiotics are banned. The Chinese herbal medicine has low toxic and side effects, basically has no residue, and is environment-friendly; however, the application of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines in the feed also has some problems, and the palatability of the feed is influenced because a large amount of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines are added into the traditional Chinese herbal medicine feed, so that the feed intake of pigs is small, and the development of the pigs is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the invention provides a compound microorganism feed and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a composite microbial feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of plant straw powder, 30-40 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1 part of composite microbial agent, 20-15 parts of bean flour, 0.5-2 parts of salt, 2-5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 2-5 parts of animal bone powder and 5-7 parts of chitosan binder;
further, the plant straw powder is one of pea straw powder and peanut straw powder; the animal bone powder is one of fishbone powder and crab and shrimp shell powder; the bean flour is one of semen Sojae Atricolor flour and semen glycines flour.
Further, the compound microbial agent is candida utilis yeast powder (3 multiplied by 10)9Per gram), Bacillus subtilis powder (3X 10)9Per gram), enterococcus faecalis powder (3X 10)9One/g) and corn protein powder.
Further, the Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 4-12 parts of honeysuckle, 5-10 parts of hawthorn, 3-12 parts of plantain herb, 5-15 parts of water hyacinth, 2-12 parts of dried orange peel, 3-15 parts of wormwood and 2-5 parts of shaddock peel according to parts by weight; then grinding and crushing the mixture, and sieving the mixture by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine additive.
Honeysuckle flower: the honeysuckle contains the pharmacological active ingredients such as chlorogenic acid, luteolin glycoside and the like, has stronger inhibitory effect on various pathogenic bacteria such as hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus and the like and upper respiratory tract infection pathogenic viruses and the like, and can also enhance the immunity.
Hawthorn fruit: the hawthorn is rich in vitamin C, has the effects of resisting bacteria and toxin, invigorating stomach, stopping dysentery, stopping diarrhea, improving the immunity of an animal body and the like, and can improve the taste of the feed and the appetite of the animal.
Dried orange peel: has antiinflammatory and antiulcer effects; the shaddock peel and the hawthorn can improve the palatability of the feed.
The plantain, the water hyacinth and the wormwood can enhance the immunity of pigs, wherein the plantain and the water hyacinth contain various vitamins and are also commonly used as raw materials of feed.
Further, the chitosan binder is prepared by the following steps:
step S11, mixing 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid, trichloromethane and thionyl chloride at the temperature of 0 ℃, then dropwise adding N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 10min after the addition is finished, then heating and refluxing for reaction for 5h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, removing the solvent through rotary evaporation, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 1;
step S12, mixing amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, tetrahydrofuran and the intermediate 1, adding pyridine while stirring at the temperature of 0 ℃, controlling the speed in the dropwise adding process to ensure that the temperature of a reaction system is about 0 ℃, heating to 20 ℃ after adding, stirring for reaction for 5 hours, after the reaction is finished, decompressing and concentrating to remove the solvent, and washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 2;
step S13, mixing the intermediate 2 with absolute ethyl alcohol, adding sodium hydroxide and deionized water, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, concentrating under reduced pressure to remove the solvent after the reaction is finished, and extracting, washing and drying to obtain the odor inhibitor;
step S14, amino protection of chitosan: mixing chitosan and N, N-dimethylformamide, adding deionized water, adding phthalic anhydride, heating to 120 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, stirring for reacting for 8 hours, mixing the obtained reaction solution with ice water after the reaction is finished, and filtering, centrifuging and drying to obtain pretreated chitosan; protecting amino groups by using phthalic anhydride to obtain pretreated chitosan, and protecting the amino groups so that the amino groups do not participate in the next reaction; the dosage ratio of the chitosan, the N, N-dimethylformamide, the deionized water and the phthalic anhydride is 8 g: 190mL of: 10mL of: 12g of a mixture;
step S15, mixing the odor inhibitor with thionyl chloride, adding N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, then decompressing and concentrating to remove the solvent to obtain an intermediate product a, then mixing with the N, N-dimethylformamide, adding pretreated chitosan and triethylamine, stirring for 8 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, then pouring into ice water, centrifugally drying to obtain an intermediate product b, then sequentially adding deionized water and hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 10 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering and drying to obtain the chitosan adhesive.
Further, in step S15, the ratio of the amount of the odor inhibitor to the amount of thionyl chloride is 1 g: 10 mL; the dosage ratio of the odor inhibitor, the pretreated chitosan, the triethylamine and the hydrazine hydrate is 0.5 g: 1 g: 0.2 g: 30 mL.
The N, N-dimethylformamide added for the first time is used as a catalyst, and the addition amount of the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1 percent of the mass of the odor inhibitor; and (3) dispersing the N, N-dimethylformamide added for the second time, taking triethylamine as an acid-binding agent, generating acyl chloride from carboxyl in the odor inhibitor structure under the activation action of thionyl chloride, reacting with pretreated chitosan, loading the odor inhibitor on the chitosan structure, and deprotecting in the presence of hydrazine hydrate to obtain the chitosan binder. The granulation effect is improved by adding the chitosan adhesive, the chitosan has the film forming effect, the film is formed on the surface of the feed, and the palatability is improved. The 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid has a certain effect of inhibiting bitter taste, the odor inhibitor is prepared by reacting with amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, the amino acids selected by the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride are all amino acids necessary for pigs, the prepared odor inhibitor has a certain effect of inhibiting bitter taste, the feed intake of pigs is improved, and the growth rate of the pigs is enhanced.
Further, in the step S11, the molar ratio of the 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid to the thionyl chloride is 1: 2; the dosage ratio of the 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1 g: 50 mg; trichloromethane is used as a solvent;
in the step S12, the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride is one of leucine ethyl ester hydrochloride, isoleucine ethyl ester hydrochloride, and valine ethyl ester hydrochloride;
in the step S12, the dosage molar ratio of the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride to the pyridine is 1: 1.2, the mass ratio of the intermediate 1 to the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride is 4.8: 4-4.4, tetrahydrofuran as solvent.
In the step S13, the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2, the absolute ethyl alcohol, the sodium hydroxide and the deionized water is 2 g: 10mL of: 0.2 g: 5 mL;
a preparation method of a compound microorganism feed comprises the following steps:
mixing 25-40 parts by weight of plant straw powder, 30-40 parts by weight of corn flour, 0.5-1 part by weight of compound microbial agent, 20-15 parts by weight of bean flour, 0.5-2 parts by weight of salt, 2-5 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine additive and 2-5 parts by weight of animal bone meal, then adding a proper amount of water and 5-7 parts by weight of chitosan binder, stirring uniformly, then adding into a granulator to prepare granules with the diameter of 10mm +/-2 mm, and drying for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain the compound microbial feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention prepares a compound microbial feed, mainly aiming at a feed for feeding pigs, wherein the pigs belong to mammals, the mammals are sensitive to the flavor of the feed, the smell and taste of the pigs are developed, the quality of pork is improved by adding traditional Chinese herbal medicines, but the palatability of the feed is influenced by adding part of the Chinese herbal medicines, so that the compound microbial feed is added with a self-made chitosan binder. The granulation effect is improved by adding the chitosan adhesive, the chitosan has the film forming effect, the film is formed on the surface of the feed, and the palatability is improved. The 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid has a certain effect of inhibiting bitter taste, the odor inhibitor is prepared by reacting with amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, the amino acids selected by the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride are all amino acids necessary for pigs, the prepared odor inhibitor has a certain effect of inhibiting bitter taste, the feed intake of pigs is improved, and the growth rate of the pigs is enhanced.
In addition, the added Chinese herbal medicines are natural and green, safe and pollution-free, have strong health care performance and reasonable preparation, and have certain effect of promoting appetite compared with the matching of common Chinese herbal medicines.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing a Chinese herbal medicine additive:
weighing 4 parts of honeysuckle, 5 parts of hawthorn, 3 parts of plantain herb, 5 parts of water hyacinth, 2 parts of dried orange peel, 3 parts of wormwood and 2 parts of shaddock peel according to parts by weight; then grinding and crushing the mixture, and sieving the mixture by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine additive. The plant straw powder is pea straw powder; the animal bone powder is fishbone powder; the bean powder is black bean powder.
Example 2
Preparing a Chinese herbal medicine additive:
weighing 12 parts of honeysuckle, 10 parts of hawthorn, 12 parts of plantain herb, 15 parts of water hyacinth, 12 parts of dried orange peel, 15 parts of wormwood and 5 parts of shaddock peel according to parts by weight; then grinding and crushing the mixture, and sieving the mixture by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine additive. The plant straw powder is peanut straw powder and the animal bone powder is crab shrimp shell powder; the bean flour is soybean flour.
Example 3
Preparing a chitosan binder:
step S11, mixing 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid, trichloromethane and thionyl chloride at the temperature of 0 ℃, then dropwise adding N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 10min after the addition is finished, then heating and refluxing for reaction for 5h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, removing the solvent through rotary evaporation, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 1; wherein the dosage molar ratio of the 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid to the thionyl chloride is 1: 2; the dosage ratio of the 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1 g: 50 mg; trichloromethane is used as a solvent;
step S12, mixing amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, tetrahydrofuran and the intermediate 1, adding pyridine while stirring at the temperature of 0 ℃, controlling the speed in the dropwise adding process to ensure that the temperature of a reaction system is about 0 ℃, heating to 20 ℃ after adding, stirring for reaction for 5 hours, after the reaction is finished, decompressing and concentrating to remove the solvent, and washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 2; the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride is leucine ethyl ester hydrochloride; the molar ratio of the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride to the pyridine is 1: 1.2, the mass ratio of the intermediate 1 to the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride is 4.8: 4.4.
step S13, mixing the intermediate 2 with absolute ethyl alcohol, adding sodium hydroxide and deionized water, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, concentrating under reduced pressure to remove the solvent after the reaction is finished, and extracting, washing and drying to obtain the odor inhibitor; wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2, the absolute ethyl alcohol, the sodium hydroxide and the deionized water is 2 g: 10mL of: 0.2 g: 5 mL;
step S14, amino protection of chitosan: mixing chitosan and N, N-dimethylformamide, adding deionized water, adding phthalic anhydride, heating to 120 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, stirring for reacting for 8 hours, mixing the obtained reaction solution with ice water after the reaction is finished, and filtering, centrifuging and drying to obtain pretreated chitosan; the dosage ratio of the chitosan, the N, N-dimethylformamide, the deionized water and the phthalic anhydride is 8 g: 190mL of: 10mL of: 12g of a mixture;
step S15, mixing the odor inhibitor with thionyl chloride, adding N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, then decompressing and concentrating to remove the solvent to obtain an intermediate product a, then mixing with the N, N-dimethylformamide, adding pretreated chitosan and triethylamine, stirring for 8 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, then pouring into ice water, centrifugally drying to obtain an intermediate product b, then sequentially adding deionized water and hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 10 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering and drying to obtain the chitosan adhesive. The dosage ratio of the odor inhibitor to the thionyl chloride is 1 g: 10 mL; the dosage ratio of the odor inhibitor, the pretreated chitosan, the triethylamine and the hydrazine hydrate is 0.5 g: 1 g: 0.2 g: 30 mL. The adding amount of the N, N-dimethylformamide added for the first time is 1 percent of the mass of the odor inhibitor; the N, N-dimethylformamide added for the second time plays a role in dispersing, and triethylamine is used as an acid-binding agent.
Example 4
Preparing a chitosan binder:
step S11, mixing 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid, trichloromethane and thionyl chloride at the temperature of 0 ℃, then dropwise adding N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 10min after the addition is finished, then heating and refluxing for reaction for 5h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, removing a solvent through rotary evaporation, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 1; wherein the dosage molar ratio of the 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid to the thionyl chloride is 1: 2; the dosage ratio of the 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1 g: 50 mg;
step S12, mixing amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, tetrahydrofuran and the intermediate 1, adding pyridine while stirring at the temperature of 0 ℃, controlling the speed in the dropwise adding process to ensure that the temperature of a reaction system is about 0 ℃, heating to 20 ℃ after adding, stirring for reaction for 5 hours, after the reaction is finished, decompressing and concentrating to remove the solvent, and washing and drying to obtain an intermediate 2; the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride is one of valine ethyl ester hydrochlorides; the molar ratio of the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride to the pyridine is 1: 1.2, the mass ratio of the intermediate 1 to the amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride is 4.8: 4.
step S13, mixing the intermediate 2 with absolute ethyl alcohol, adding sodium hydroxide and deionized water, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, concentrating under reduced pressure to remove the solvent after the reaction is finished, and extracting, washing and drying to obtain the odor inhibitor; wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2, the absolute ethyl alcohol, the sodium hydroxide and the deionized water is 2 g: 10mL of: 0.2 g: 5 mL;
step S14, amino protection of chitosan: obtaining pretreated chitosan in the same manner as in example 3;
step S15, mixing the odor inhibitor with thionyl chloride, adding N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, then decompressing and concentrating to remove the solvent to obtain an intermediate product a, then mixing with the N, N-dimethylformamide, adding pretreated chitosan and triethylamine, stirring for 8 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, then pouring into ice water, centrifugally drying to obtain an intermediate product b, then sequentially adding deionized water and hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 10 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering and drying to obtain the chitosan adhesive. The dosage ratio of the odor inhibitor to the thionyl chloride is 1 g: 10 mL; the dosage ratio of the odor inhibitor, the pretreated chitosan, the triethylamine and the hydrazine hydrate is 0.5 g: 1 g: 0.2 g: 30 mL. The adding amount of the N, N-dimethylformamide added for the first time is 1 percent of the mass of the odor inhibitor; the N, N-dimethylformamide added for the second time plays a role in dispersing, and triethylamine is used as an acid-binding agent.
Example 5
A preparation method of a compound microorganism feed comprises the following steps:
mixing 25 parts by weight of plant straw powder, 30 parts by weight of corn flour, 0.5 part by weight of composite microbial agent, 20 parts by weight of bean flour, 0.5 part by weight of salt, 2 parts by weight of the Chinese herbal medicine additive prepared in the embodiment 1 and 2 parts by weight of animal bone powder, then adding a proper amount of water and 5 parts by weight of the chitosan binder prepared in the embodiment 3, uniformly stirring, then adding into a granulator, preparing into granules with the diameter of 10mm +/-2 mm, and drying for 2 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the composite microbial feed.
Preparing a compound microbial agent:
mixing Candida utilis powder (3 × 10)9One/g) and bacillus subtilis powder (3 multiplied by 10)9Per gram), enterococcus faecalis powder (3X 10)9One/g) and corn protein powder.
Example 6
A preparation method of a compound microorganism feed comprises the following steps:
mixing 25 parts by weight of plant straw powder, 30 parts by weight of corn flour, 0.8 part by weight of composite microbial agent, 20 parts by weight of bean flour, 0.5 part by weight of salt, 2 parts by weight of the Chinese herbal medicine additive prepared in the embodiment 2 and 3 parts by weight of animal bone powder, then adding a proper amount of water and 5 parts by weight of the chitosan binder prepared in the embodiment 4, uniformly stirring, then adding into a granulator, preparing into granules with the diameter of 10mm +/-2 mm, and drying for 2 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the composite microbial feed.
Preparing a compound microbial agent:
mixing Candida utilis powder (3 × 10)9One/g) and bacillus subtilis powder (3 multiplied by 10)9Per gram), enterococcus faecalis powder (3X 10)9One/g) and corn protein powder.
Example 7
A preparation method of a compound microorganism feed comprises the following steps:
mixing 40 parts by weight of plant straw powder, 40 parts by weight of corn flour, 1 part by weight of composite microbial agent, 15 parts by weight of soybean flour, 2 parts by weight of salt, 5 parts by weight of the Chinese herbal medicine additive prepared in the embodiment 1 and 5 parts by weight of animal bone powder, then adding a proper amount of water and 7 parts by weight of the chitosan binder prepared in the embodiment 4, uniformly stirring, then adding into a granulator, preparing into granules with the diameter of 10mm +/-2 mm, and drying for 5 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain the composite microbial feed.
Preparing a compound microbial agent:
mixing Candida utilis powder (3 × 10)9One/g) and bacillus subtilis powder (3 multiplied by 10)9Per g), enterococcus faecalis powder (3X 10)9One/g) and corn protein powder.
Example 8
A preparation method of a compound microorganism feed comprises the following steps:
mixing 40 parts by weight of plant straw powder, 40 parts by weight of corn flour, 1 part by weight of composite microbial agent, 15 parts by weight of soybean flour, 2 parts by weight of salt, 5 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine additive prepared in example 2 and 5 parts by weight of animal bone powder, then adding a proper amount of water and 7 parts by weight of chitosan binder prepared in example 3, uniformly stirring, then adding into a granulator, preparing into granules with the diameter of 10mm +/-2 mm, and drying for 5 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain the composite microbial feed.
Preparing a compound microbial agent:
mixing Candida utilis powder (3 × 10)9One/g) and bacillus subtilis powder (3 multiplied by 10)9Per gram), enterococcus faecalis powder (3X 10)9One/g) and corn protein powder.
Comparative example 1
The chitosan binder of example 7 was replaced with chitosan, and the remaining raw materials and preparation process remained the same.
Comparative example 2
Feeding with conventional feed.
The feed prepared in the examples 5-8 and the comparative examples 1-2 is used for feeding pork pigs, 300 healthy pork pigs with the weight of 25 +/-2 kilograms are selected, 60 pigs in each group are continuously fed for 1 month, the factors such as feeding times, feeding intervals, feeding amount and the like are kept the same, and the weight gain of the pigs after 1 month is recorded; and the average daily gain per pig was calculated. The calculation results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
| Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 | Example 8 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Average daily gain | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 0.85 | 0.72 |
The calculation result shows that the utilization rate of the feed prepared by the invention is higher, and the feeding of pigs is more active.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The compound microbial feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of plant straw powder, 30-40 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1 part of composite microbial agent, 20-15 parts of bean flour, 0.5-2 parts of salt, 2-5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 2-5 parts of animal bone powder and 5-7 parts of chitosan binder; the chitosan adhesive is prepared by the following steps:
mixing odor inhibitor and thionyl chloride, adding N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 4h at 60 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product a, then mixing with the N, N-dimethylformamide, adding pretreated chitosan and triethylamine, stirring for 8h at 25 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product b, sequentially adding deionized water and hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 10h at 70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering and drying to obtain the chitosan binder.
2. The compound microbial feed of claim 1, wherein the plant straw powder is one of pea straw powder and peanut straw powder; the animal bone powder is one of fishbone powder and crab and shrimp shell powder; the bean flour is one of semen Sojae Atricolor flour and semen glycines flour.
3. The compound microbial feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing candida utilis powder, bacillus subtilis powder, enterococcus faecalis powder, corn protein powder and the like in mass.
4. The compound microbial feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 4-12 parts of honeysuckle, 5-10 parts of hawthorn, 3-12 parts of plantain herb, 5-15 parts of hyacinth, 2-12 parts of dried orange peel, 3-15 parts of wormwood and 2-5 parts of shaddock peel in parts by weight; then grinding and crushing the mixture, and sieving the mixture by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine additive.
5. The compound microbial feed of claim 1, wherein the flavor inhibitor is prepared by the steps of:
step S11, mixing 2- (4-methoxyphenoxy) propionic acid, chloroform and thionyl chloride at the temperature of 0 ℃, then dropwise adding N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 10min after the addition is finished, and then heating and refluxing for 5h to obtain an intermediate 1;
step S12, mixing amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, tetrahydrofuran and the intermediate 1, adding pyridine while stirring at the temperature of 0 ℃, heating to 20 ℃ after the pyridine is added, and stirring for reacting for 5 hours to obtain an intermediate 2;
and step S13, mixing the intermediate 2 with absolute ethyl alcohol, then adding sodium hydroxide and deionized water, and stirring and reacting for 4 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain the odor inhibitor.
6. The compound microbial feed of claim 1, wherein the pretreated chitosan is prepared by amino protection reaction using phthalic anhydride.
7. The method for preparing the compound microbial feed according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
mixing plant straw powder, corn flour, a compound microbial agent, bean flour, salt, a Chinese herbal medicine additive and animal bone powder in parts by weight, then adding water and a chitosan binder, stirring uniformly, preparing into particles with the diameter of 10mm +/-2 mm, and drying to obtain the compound microbial feed.
8. The method for preparing a compound microbial feed as claimed in claim 7, wherein the drying condition is drying at 30-40 ℃ for 2-5 h.
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