CN114557202B - Durian planting method with high fruit setting rate - Google Patents
Durian planting method with high fruit setting rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a durian planting method with high fruit setting rate, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting durian seedlings with the stem thickness of 10-15mm, cutting young leaf buds of durian plants with the fruiting of 1-2 years, carrying out bud grafting for one time, and spraying antibacterial nutrient solution on bud interfaces; s2, transplanting, wherein bacteriostatic nutrient solution is sprayed to the roots of durian before transplanting; s3, cutting young buds of durian plants with the fruiting of 1-2 years, selecting durian seedlings which survive 6-8 months after planting, and carrying out secondary bud grafting; s4, transplanting; s5, cutting young buds of durian plants with the fruiting of 5-6 years, selecting durian seedlings which survive 6-8 months after planting, and budding for three times; s6, transplanting, pruning and regular topdressing; according to the method, the multistage durian grafted plants with stable survival rate and high fruit setting rate are obtained by adopting a multistage grafting seedling cultivation planting mode, so that the problems of low fruit setting rate and low planting survival rate of the conventional durian planting are solved, and the method is beneficial to promoting the large-scale popularization of durian planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a durian planting method with high fruit setting rate.
Background
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) belongs to tropical evergreen arbor of kapok, has huge fruit shape, strong fruit aroma and unique flavor, and is rich in vitamin substances, mineral elements, sugar powder and the like, and is called as 'king in fruit'; the plant is mainly planted in Guangdong and Hainan in China in places such as Malaysia and southeast Asia, has a wide consumer market, and is popular with a plurality of consumers.
In the durian planting process, the durian is often influenced by climate conditions and under different modes of the existing planting, although the good durian planting survival rate is achieved, the fruiting rate of durian fruits is still difficult to ensure, the fruit yield and quality are low, and the large-scale planting of domestic durian is greatly limited. Therefore, the method is one of the main ways for realizing the high and stable yield of durian planting for improving and optimizing durian planting mode technology. The durian planting method with high fruit setting rate is found, and has important significance for promoting the development of the domestic durian planting industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a durian planting method with high fruit setting rate, which mainly adopts a mode of multistage grafting seedling cultivation and planting to obtain durian multistage durian grafted plants with stable survival rate and high fruit setting rate, so as to solve the problems of low fruit setting rate and low planting survival rate of the existing durian planting and facilitate the large-scale popularization of durian planting.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a durian planting method with high fruit setting rate,
a durian planting method with high fruit setting rate comprises the following steps:
s1, first-stage grafting and seedling raising, namely selecting durian seedlings with the stem thickness of 10-15mm as a stock, shearing young leaf buds which are not lignified and grow to 3-5cm on durian plants growing for 1-2 years in spring, carrying out first bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stock, and spraying antibacterial nutrient solution on bud interfaces after bud grafting for 1-3d to obtain first-stage durian grafted seedlings;
s2, transplanting once, after grafting survival for 10-14d, performing field transplanting, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7-8m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di to 20 days, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution;
s3, secondary grafting and seedling raising, namely shearing non-lignified young buds growing to 5.5-6.5cm, which are germinated on durian plants with the result of 1-2 years, selecting durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 2 for 6-8 months as stocks, performing secondary bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying antibacterial nutrient solution on bud interfaces after 3-5d bud grafting to obtain secondary durian grafted seedlings;
s4, performing secondary transplanting, namely performing secondary field transplanting according to the transplanting method in the step 2 after the grafting survival is 7-10 d;
s5, three-stage grafting seedling raising, namely shearing immature buds which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.5cm and are germinated on durian plants with the result of 5-6 years, selecting durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted for 6-8 months from the step 3 as stocks, performing three-time bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution on bud interfaces after 3-5d bud grafting to obtain three-stage durian grafted seedlings;
s6, carrying out three-time field transplanting, pruning and periodic topdressing on the grafted seedlings of the third-stage durian after the survival of the grafted seedlings for 7-10 days according to the method of the step 2, so as to obtain the durian multistage grafting plant with high fruit setting rate.
Further illustrates, the bacteriostatic nutrient solution comprises, by mass, 5-8 parts of glycine, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of vitamin C, 0.3-0.5 part of soyasaponin, 8-12 parts of alginate and 6-10 parts of hyaluronic acid.
Further, the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts of urea, 6-9 parts of potassium humate, 4-6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of calcium borate, 1-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 50-80 parts of water.
Further, after the primary, secondary and tertiary budding, spraying the bud interface with bacteriostatic nutrient solution diluted by water to a mass concentration of 10-20%, spraying for 1 time every 1d, and spraying for 20-30 ml/plant for 3-4 times each time.
Further, before transplanting, spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution which is diluted by water to 30-50% of mass concentration on the roots of durian, wherein the spraying amount is mainly used for wetting the roots.
Further, the application amount of the compound fertilizer solution is 75-130 ml/plant.
Further described, in step 6, the periodic trimming process specifically includes: removing terminal buds of trunks after transplanting survival for 1 week, pruning branches after the branches appear, and reserving thick 3-5 branches as primary main branches; after the main branches sprout for 1 week, reserving 3-5 strong branches on the main branches, taking the branches as first-stage lateral branches, and removing the rest branches; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, 2-3 strong branches of the first-level lateral branches which are extracted and light are reserved and used as the second-level lateral branches, and the rest branches are removed.
Further, during the durian flowering period, dressing a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the dressing amount is 60-65 g/plant calculated by monopotassium phosphate, and the compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution is sprayed once every 3-4 d: the compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution comprises 0.01-0.03 part of gibberellin, 10-15 parts of borax solution and 200-230 parts of water, and is mainly sprayed on leaf surfaces uniformly for 3-5 times; and applying a boron fertilizer in the durian fruit setting period, wherein the fertilization amount is 120-150 g/plant calculated by boric acid.
Further, the cultivation condition after bud grafting is that indoor nursery greenhouse grafting is carried out, the temperature is 25-27 ℃, water is sprayed once per day within 6-10 days after grafting, the soil at the bottom is wet and does not accumulate water, grafting survival is carried out for 10-14 days, and then durian grafted seedlings with grafted bud openings healed and new buds growing are selected for field transplanting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, young leaf buds at different growth stages are selected as scions, and durian seedlings which are grown by different grafting are used as stocks, and on the basis that the growth vigor of the durian seedlings is improved by grafting the durian buds of 1-2 years old, secondary grafting is carried out by adopting adult durian trees of different fruiting ages for 1-6 years, on one hand, under the scions at different growth stages, the fruiting rate of the traditional single-stage grafted durian seedlings and the growth stability of the grafting are obviously improved, on the other hand, the invention utilizes different stocks obtained by a multi-stage grafting seedling raising mode, and the banana is grafted on the traditional single stock, thereby further realizing the high survival rate of the durian multi-stage grafting.
(2) In the multistage grafting process, antibacterial nutrient solution is sprayed to the bud interface and the root before transplanting, so that the durian grafted seedlings provide nutrition required by growth, the vigor of the seedlings in the grafting process and the transplanting process is maintained, and the survival rate of multistage grafting is ensured; in addition, durian seedlings growing in 1 year are preferably grafted for a short period to serve as stocks, so that the growth vigor of grafting is better kept, and the growth and fruit setting effects of durian grafted plants are improved.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, the following provides specific examples to further illustrate the present invention.
The experimental methods used in the embodiment of the invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents, and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The durian planting method with high fruit setting rate comprises the following steps:
A. preparing antibacterial nutrient solution and compound fertilizer solution:
the bacteriostatic nutrient solution comprises, by mass, 5 parts of glycine, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of vitamin C, 0.3 part of soyasaponin, 8 parts of alginate and 6 parts of hyaluronic acid;
the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 10 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium humate, 4 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.5 part of calcium borate, 1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 50 parts of water.
B. Planting durian through multistage grafting:
(1) First-stage grafting seedling raising:
selecting durian seedlings with the stem thickness of 10-12mm as a stock, shearing young leaf buds which are not lignified and grow to 3-4 cm on durian plants grown for 1 year in spring for 3 months, performing bud grafting once in an indoor nursery greenhouse at the temperature of 25-26 ℃, removing the rest buds on the stock, spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution diluted by water to 20% in mass concentration on bud interfaces after bud grafting for 1d, spraying for 1 time every 1d, spraying for 20 ml/plant each time, and spraying for 3 times; sprinkling water once every day within 6 days of grafting, and mainly wetting soil at the bottom without water accumulation to obtain first-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(2) And (3) primary transplanting:
after grafting survival for 10 days, carrying out field transplanting, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of durian before transplanting, wherein the bacteriostatic nutrient solution is diluted by water to a mass concentration of 50%, and the spraying amount is mainly used for wetting the roots; the row spacing of transplanting is 7m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di d, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution, and the application amount is 75 ml/plant;
(3) Second-stage grafting seedling raising:
cutting young buds which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and are germinated on durian plants with the result of 1 year, selecting durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 2 for 6 months as stocks, carrying out secondary bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution with the same concentration on bud interfaces after 3d bud grafting to obtain secondary durian grafted seedlings;
(4) And (3) secondary transplanting:
after the grafting survival is 7d, carrying out secondary field transplanting; spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di d, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution, and the application amount is 90 ml/plant;
(5) Three-stage grafting seedling raising:
cutting young buds which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and are germinated on durian plants with the result of 5 years, selecting durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 3 for 6 months as stocks, carrying out three bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution with the same concentration on bud interfaces after 3d bud grafting to obtain three-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(6) Transplanting, pruning and fertilizing:
transplanting the grafted seedlings of the third-stage durian after the grafting survival for 7 days in the field, spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di d, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution, and the application amount is 125 ml/plant;
pruning, namely removing terminal buds of trunks after transplanting and survival for 1 week, pruning branches after the branches appear, and reserving thick 3-4 branches as primary main branches; after the main branches sprout for 1 week, keeping 3-4 strong branches on the main branches, taking the branches as first-stage lateral branches, and removing the rest branches; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, 2-3 strong branches which are extracted and light from the first-stage lateral branches are reserved and used as second-stage lateral branches, and the rest branches are removed;
dressing periodically, dressing phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with the amount of 60 g/plant calculated by monopotassium phosphate and spraying the compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution once every 3d during durian flowering period: the compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution comprises 0.01 part of gibberellin, 10 parts of borax solution and 200 parts of water, and is mainly sprayed on leaf surfaces uniformly for 3 times; and applying a boron fertilizer in the durian fruit setting period, wherein the fertilizing amount is 120 g/plant calculated by boric acid, so as to obtain the durian multistage grafting plant with high fruit setting rate.
Example 2
The durian planting method with high fruit setting rate comprises the following steps:
A. preparing antibacterial nutrient solution and compound fertilizer solution:
the bacteriostatic nutrient solution comprises 8 parts of glycine, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 part of soyasaponin, 12 parts of alginate and 10 parts of hyaluronic acid according to the mass parts;
the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 15 parts of urea, 9 parts of potassium humate, 6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1 part of calcium borate, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 80 parts of water.
B. Planting durian through multistage grafting:
(1) First-stage grafting seedling raising:
selecting durian seedlings with the stem thickness of 13-15mm as a stock, shearing young leaf buds which are not lignified and grow to 4-5 cm on durian plants growing 2 years in spring for 3 months, performing bud grafting once in an indoor nursery greenhouse at the temperature of 26-27 ℃, removing the rest buds on the stock, spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution diluted by water to the mass concentration of 10% on bud interfaces after 3d bud grafting, spraying for 1 time every 1d, spraying for 30 ml/plant each time for 4 times; sprinkling water once every day within 10 days of grafting, and mainly wetting soil at the bottom without water accumulation to obtain first-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(2) And (3) primary transplanting:
after grafting survival is carried out for 14d, field transplanting is carried out, and before transplanting, bacteriostatic nutrient solution is sprayed to the roots of durian, wherein the bacteriostatic nutrient solution is diluted by water to a mass concentration of 30%, and the spraying amount is mainly used for wetting the roots; the row spacing of transplanting is 8m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di d, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution, and the application amount is 80 ml/plant;
(3) Second-stage grafting seedling raising:
cutting young buds which are not lignified and grow to 6.0-6.5 cm and are germinated on durian plants with the result of 2 years, selecting durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 2 for 8 months as stocks, carrying out secondary bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution with the same concentration on bud interfaces after bud grafting for 5 days to obtain secondary durian grafted seedlings;
(4) And (3) secondary transplanting:
after the grafting survival is 10d, carrying out secondary field transplanting; spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 8m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di d, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution, and the application amount is 110 ml/plant;
(5) Three-stage grafting seedling raising:
cutting young buds which are not lignified and grow to 6.0-6.5 cm and are germinated on durian plants with the result of 6 years, selecting durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 3 for 8 months as stocks, carrying out three bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution with the same concentration on bud interfaces after the bud grafting is carried out for 5 days to obtain three-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(6) Transplanting, pruning and fertilizing:
transplanting the grafted seedlings of the third-stage durian after 10d of grafting survival in the field, spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 8m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di d, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution, and the application amount is 130 ml/plant;
pruning, namely removing terminal buds of trunks after transplanting and survival for 1 week, pruning branches after the branches appear, and reserving thick 4-5 branches as primary main branches; after the main branches sprout for 1 week, keeping the main branches to be extracted and light for 4-5 strong branches, taking the main branches as first-stage lateral branches, and removing the rest branches; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, 2-3 strong branches which are extracted and light from the first-stage lateral branches are reserved and used as second-stage lateral branches, and the rest branches are removed;
and (3) dressing periodically, dressing a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in the durian flowering period, wherein the dressing amount is 65 g/plant calculated by monopotassium phosphate, and the compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution is sprayed once every 4 d: the compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution comprises 0.03 part of gibberellin, 15 parts of borax solution and 230 parts of water, and is mainly sprayed on leaf surfaces uniformly for 5 times; and (3) dressing a boron fertilizer in the fruit setting period of durian, wherein the fertilizing amount is 150 g/plant calculated by boric acid, so as to obtain the durian multistage grafting plant with high fruit setting rate.
Example 3
The durian planting method with high fruit setting rate comprises the following steps:
A. preparing antibacterial nutrient solution and compound fertilizer solution:
the bacteriostatic nutrient solution comprises 6.5 parts of glycine, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.5 parts of vitamin C, 0.4 part of soyasaponin, 10 parts of alginate and 8 parts of hyaluronic acid according to the mass parts;
the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 13 parts of urea, 8 parts of potassium humate, 5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.8 part of calcium borate, 2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 65 parts of water.
B. Planting durian through multistage grafting:
(1) First-stage grafting seedling raising:
selecting durian seedlings with the stem thickness of 13-15mm as a stock, shearing young leaf buds which are not lignified and grow to 3-4 cm on durian plants growing 2 years in spring for 3 months, performing bud grafting once in an indoor nursery greenhouse at the temperature of 26-27 ℃, removing the rest buds on the stock, spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution diluted by water to 15% in mass concentration on bud interfaces after bud grafting for 2d, spraying for 1 time every 1d, and spraying for 4 times every 25 ml/plant; sprinkling water once every day within 8 days of grafting, and mainly wetting soil at the bottom without water accumulation to obtain first-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(2) And (3) primary transplanting:
after the grafting survival is 12d, carrying out field transplanting, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of durian before transplanting, wherein the bacteriostatic nutrient solution is diluted by water to 40% of mass concentration, and the spraying amount is mainly used for wetting the roots; the row spacing of transplanting is 7.5m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di d, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution, and the application amount is 80 ml/plant;
(3) Second-stage grafting seedling raising:
cutting young buds which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and are germinated on durian plants with the result of 2 years, selecting durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 2 and survive for 7 months as stocks, carrying out secondary bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution with the same concentration on bud interfaces after bud grafting for 4d to obtain secondary durian grafted seedlings;
(4) And (3) secondary transplanting:
after grafting survival for 9d, carrying out secondary field transplanting; spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7.5m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di d, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution, wherein the application amount is 95 ml/plant;
(5) Three-stage grafting seedling raising:
cutting young buds which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and are germinated on durian plants with the result of 6 years, selecting durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 3 for 7 months as stocks, carrying out three bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution with the same concentration on bud interfaces after bud grafting for 4d to obtain three-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(6) Transplanting, pruning and fertilizing:
transplanting the grafted seedlings of the third-stage durian after the grafted seedlings survive for 9 days in the field, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7.5m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di d, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution, and the application amount is 125 ml/plant;
pruning, namely removing terminal buds of trunks after transplanting and survival for 1 week, pruning branches after the branches appear, and reserving thick 3-4 branches as primary main branches; after the main branches sprout for 1 week, keeping 3-4 strong branches on the main branches, taking the branches as first-stage lateral branches, and removing the rest branches; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, 2-3 strong branches which are extracted and light from the first-stage lateral branches are reserved and used as second-stage lateral branches, and the rest branches are removed;
and (3) dressing periodically, dressing phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in the durian flowering period, wherein the dressing amount is 63 g/plant calculated by monopotassium phosphate, and the compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution is sprayed once every 3 d: the compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution comprises 0.02 part of gibberellin, 13 parts of borax solution and 220 parts of water, and is mainly sprayed on leaf surfaces uniformly for 4 times; and applying a boron fertilizer in the durian fruit setting period, wherein the fertilization amount is 135 g/plant calculated by boric acid, so as to obtain the durian multistage grafting plant with high fruit setting rate.
Comparative example 1
And verifying the influence of multistage grafting of different scions on the fruit setting rate and the survival rate of durian planting.
Comparative examples 1-1: the durian planting method according to example 3 differs in that: in the multistage grafting planting, immature buds which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and are germinated on durian plants with the result of 6 years are used as scions, three-stage grafting seedling raising is respectively carried out, and other treatments are the same as those in the embodiment 3.
Comparative examples 1-2: the durian planting method according to example 3 differs in that: in the multistage grafting planting, immature buds which are not lignified and grow to 3-4 cm and are sprouted on durian plants with the result of 2 years are used as scions, three-stage grafting seedling raising is respectively carried out, and the rest treatment is the same as that of the example 3.
The average fruit setting and grafting survival of durian planting in each experimental group were counted, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
| group of | Average number of fruit set per plant | Grafting survival rate of three-stage grafted seedlings |
| Example 1 | 39 | 93％ |
| Example 2 | 43 | 90％ |
| Example 3 | 42 | 94％ |
| Comparative examples 1 to 1 | 36 | 80％ |
| Comparative examples 1 to 2 | 18 | 91％ |
As can be seen from the table, the number of single plants in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention can be more than 35, and the grafting survival rate of three-stage grafting seedlings can be more than 90%, and compared with the embodiment 1-1 and 1-2, the embodiment 3 can be used for selecting young leaf buds at different growth stages as scions, thereby not only effectively ensuring the survival rate of multistage grafting planting, but also improving the fruit setting rate of the traditional grafted durian seedlings, and obviously improving the fruit setting rate compared with the method of singly adopting the same scions for multistage grafting.
Comparative example 2
And verifying the influence of multistage false grafting of different stocks on durian planting fruit setting rate.
Comparative example 2-1: the durian planting method according to example 3 differs in that: in the second-stage and third-stage grafting seedling raising, durian seedlings which survived to transplantation for 1 year are respectively adopted as the stocks, and the rest treatment is the same as that of example 3.
Comparative example 2-2: the durian planting method according to example 3 differs in that: in the second-stage and third-stage grafting seedling raising, durian seedlings after 3 months of transplanting survival are respectively adopted as the stocks, and the rest of the treatments are the same as those of the example 3.
The durian planting fruit setting and grafting survival conditions in each experimental group were counted, and the results are shown in the following table 2:
| group of | Average number of fruit set per plant | Grafting survival rate of three-stage grafted seedlings |
| Example 3 | 42 | 94％ |
| Comparative example 2-1 | 33 | 94％ |
| Comparative examples 2 to 2 | 29 | 76％ |
From the table, compared with comparative examples 2-1 and 2-2, the embodiment of the invention is shown to synchronously utilize different stocks obtained by a multistage grafting seedling raising mode, and durian seedlings which grow in 1 year after short-term grafting are controlled to serve as stock materials, so that the durian seedlings are more beneficial to keeping the growth vigor of grafting, ensuring the survival rate of grafting, and being more beneficial to the growth and fruit setting of durian grafted plants under good stock selection, and the average fruit setting quantity of the embodiment 3 is obviously higher than that of comparative examples 2-2.
Comparative example 3
And verifying the influence of the bacteriostatic nutrient solution on the grafting survival rate of the multistage durian grafted seedlings.
Comparative example 3-1: the durian planting method according to example 3 differs in that: in multistage grafting planting, spraying treatment is not carried out by adopting bacteriostatic nutrient solution after bud grafting and before transplanting; the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3-2: the durian planting method according to example 3 differs in that: in multistage grafting planting, spraying high-concentration antibacterial nutrient solution after bud grafting and before transplanting; the mass concentration of the water diluted solution was 60%, and the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 3.
The grafting survival of durian planting in each experimental group was counted, and the results are shown in the following table 3:
as can be seen from the table, in the multistage grafting process in the embodiments 1 to 3, the grafting survival rate of different grafted seedlings is stable and can be more than 85%, while in the comparative examples 3-1 and 3-2, when the antibacterial nutrient solution is not adopted for spraying treatment, the grafting survival rate is obviously reduced, and meanwhile, when the antibacterial nutrient solution with too high concentration is treated, a certain inhibition effect is generated on the growth of the grafted seedlings in the earlier stage, and the survival rate is lower; in the multistage grafting process, spraying antibacterial nutrient solution with a certain concentration is adopted for the bud interface and the root before transplanting, so that the durian grafted seedlings provide nutrition required for growth, the vigor of the seedlings in the grafting process and the transplanting process is maintained, and the survival rate of multistage grafting is ensured.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A durian planting method with high fruit setting rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, first-stage grafting and seedling raising, namely selecting durian seedlings with the stem thickness of 10-15mm as a stock, shearing young leaf buds which are not lignified and grow to 3-5cm on durian plants growing for 1-2 years in spring, carrying out first bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stock, and spraying antibacterial nutrient solution on bud interfaces after bud grafting for 1-3d to obtain first-stage durian grafted seedlings;
s2, transplanting once, after grafting survival for 10-14d, performing field transplanting, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution to the roots of durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7-8m; after the durian is transplanted for Miao Di to 20 days, the durian transplanting seedling is fertilized for the first time by adopting a compound fertilizer solution;
the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts of urea, 6-9 parts of potassium humate, 4-6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of calcium borate, 1-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 50-80 parts of water;
s3, secondary grafting and seedling raising, namely shearing non-lignified young buds growing to 5.5-6.5cm, which are germinated on durian plants with the result of 1-2 years, selecting durian seedlings transplanted and planted in the step S2 for 6-8 months as stocks, performing secondary bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying antibacterial nutrient solution on bud interfaces after 3-5d bud grafting to obtain secondary durian grafted seedlings;
s4, performing secondary transplanting, namely performing secondary field transplanting according to the transplanting method in the step S2 after the grafting survival is 7-10 d;
s5, three-stage grafting seedling raising, namely shearing immature buds which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.5cm and are germinated on durian plants with the result of 5-6 years, selecting durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted for 6-8 months in the step S3 as stocks, performing three-time bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying antibacterial nutrient solution on bud interfaces after 3-5d bud grafting to obtain three-stage durian grafted seedlings;
s6, carrying out three-time field transplanting, pruning and periodic topdressing on the grafted three-stage durian grafted seedlings which survive for 7-10 days according to the method of the step S2 to obtain durian multistage grafted plants with high fruit setting rate;
the bacteriostatic nutrient solution comprises, by mass, 5-8 parts of glycine, 3-5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of vitamin C, 0.3-0.5 part of soyasaponin, 8-12 parts of alginate and 6-10 parts of hyaluronic acid.
2. The method for planting durian with high fruit setting rate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after primary, secondary and tertiary bud grafting, spraying the bud grafting by adopting bacteriostatic nutrient solution which is diluted by water into the mass concentration of 10-20%, spraying for 1 time every 1d, and spraying for 20-30 ml/plant for 3-4 times each time.
3. The method for planting durian with high fruit setting rate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before transplanting, spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution which is diluted by water to 30-50% of mass concentration on the roots of durian, wherein the spraying amount is mainly used for wetting the roots.
4. The method for planting durian with high fruit setting rate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the application amount of the compound fertilizer solution is 75-130 ml/plant.
5. The method for planting durian with high fruit setting rate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the trimming process specifically includes: removing terminal buds of trunks after transplanting survival for 1 week, pruning branches after the branches appear, and reserving 3-5 thick branches as primary main branches; after the main branch sprouts for 1 week, reserving 3-5 strong branches on the main branch, taking the main branch as a first-stage lateral branch, and removing the rest branches; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, 2-3 strong branches which are extracted and light from the first-stage lateral branches are reserved and used as the second-stage lateral branches, and the rest branches are removed.
6. The method for planting durian with high fruit setting rate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: during durian flowering phase, dressing a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the dressing amount is 60-65 g/plant calculated by monopotassium phosphate, and a compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution is sprayed every 3-4d, and the compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution comprises 0.01-0.03 part of gibberellin, 10-15 parts of borax solution and 200-230 parts of water, and is mainly sprayed on leaf surfaces uniformly for 3-5 times; and applying a boron fertilizer in the durian fruit setting period, wherein the fertilization amount is 120-150 g/plant calculated by boric acid.
7. The method for planting durian with high fruit setting rate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cultivation conditions after bud grafting are as follows: and the temperature is 25-27 ℃, water is sprayed once every day within 6-10 days after grafting, the soil at the bottom is wet and does not accumulate water mainly, grafting survival is carried out for 10-14 days, and then durian grafted seedlings with healed grafting bud openings and new buds growing are selected for field transplanting.
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