CN1145441C - 鬃毛组件及包含该鬃毛组件的毛刷组件 - Google Patents
鬃毛组件及包含该鬃毛组件的毛刷组件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种鬃毛组件(78)，包括第1和第2底线(68，70)以及大量连接到并延伸在第1与第2底线之间的聚合物单丝(80)。聚合物单丝在第1与第2底线聚在一起时便形成第1弓形排。采用弓形鬃毛或弓形与直鬃毛组合，可制成几种种类和构型的毛刷。
Description
相关申请
本申请是美国序列号09/092,092，1998-06-05提交，的部分继续申请。
技术领域
本发明一般地说涉及由聚合物单丝制成的制品，更具体地说，涉及成圈鬃毛以及制造成圈鬃毛和鬃毛组件的方法，以及连接在毛刷体上的单丝鬃毛组件和包含这种鬃毛组件的毛刷组件。
背景技术
上述共同未决申请描述一种制造技术，其中底线沿着芯轴轴向喂入，与此同时单丝围绕芯轴缠绕，借此形成许多“线圈”，该线圈由底线带动沿芯轴移动。随后，线圈利用超声波焊接被粘合到底线上，随后被切断，从而形成具有2排连接在底线上的单丝段的制品。
此种制品，叫做“鬃毛线”，随后可切断成各种长度，用以制造各种各样毛刷或者其他需要鬃毛的产品。在一种实例中，通过在牙刷头部分安装数段鬃毛线，在牙刷上形成几排鬃毛。就典型而言，鬃毛的近端(根部)被连接到毛刷头上，而远端(末梢或毛尖)则自由地朝上伸出。
带成圈鬃毛的毛刷过去已经使用。例如，美国专利4,211,217，授予Gueret，描述一种头发及按摩用刷，其中鬃毛弯曲成圈并锚固在毛刷头内的孔中，最后将两头熔结在一起。作为另一个例子，美国专利4,406,032，授予Diamant，描述一种牙刷，包括长丝围绕着刷头缠绕构成许多圆圈。
美国专利4,493,125，授予Collis，描述一种具有弯曲鬃毛与直鬃毛组合的牙刷。该弯曲鬃毛的形成方法是：将直丝相对的两头成组地镶嵌在牙刷头中从而形成毛圈。随后，将毛圈沿轴向(牙刷头长度方向)切开形成两排弯曲鬃毛。在牙刷中采用成圈鬃毛的其他例子可见诸于美国专利4,030,845，授予Deckert；美国专利2,599,191，授予Meunier；以及美国专利4,438,541，授予Jacob等人。
虽然这些文献展示了各种各样形式的成圈鬃毛，但目前仍需要一种比较容易制造、生产的成本效益好的成圈鬃毛结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种将毛刷式样扩展到目前栽毛技术无法做到的领域的方法。
本发明另一个目的是提供一种用于毛刷的鬃毛组件，其中单根丝在连接到毛刷刷体之前便被预先彼此定位。
本发明又一个目的是提供一种组装毛刷的方法，其中鬃毛组件可永久性地连接到刷体上或者，替代地，可拆卸地连接以便以后更换，从而避免废弃本来仍可使用的刷体。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种毛刷，它具有弓形鬃毛与直鬃毛的组合，按此法2种类型鬃毛均可组装，不需要采用传统栽毛技术。
上述以及其他目的是通过提供如下鬃毛组件来达到的，该组件包括2根基本上平行的底线以及横向穿插于这两根底线之间的大量聚合物单丝。当这两根底线彼此重叠时，它们形成单排弓形单丝。这排弓形单丝可通过将两根底线切断，然后将它们按要求的图案连接到刷头上而制造成要求的长度。
本发明的其他目的和特征在研读了下面的详细描述，并结合附图中的示范实施方案以后将变得更为清楚。
附图说明
图1是用于制造本发明优选实施方案的鬃毛组件的设备在超声焊接阶段“摄取”的横断面图；
图2是用于制造本发明优选实施方案鬃毛组件的设备在切断阶段“摄取”的横断面图；
图3是用图1设备制造的鬃毛组件，在单丝段弯曲为弓形之前的平面视图；
图4是由图3的鬃毛组件制成的一排弓形单丝端面视图；
图5是用于制造本发明另一优选实施方案鬃毛组件的设备在切断阶段摄取的横断面图；
图6是由图5设备制造的鬃毛线组件端面视图；
图7是图6鬃毛线组件弯曲成弓形段后的端面视图；
图8是本发明另一实施方案鬃毛组件的平面视图；
图9是权利要求8的鬃毛组件在成形为一对弓形段以后的端面视图；
图10是由本发明弓形鬃毛制成的牙刷透视图；
图11是图10牙刷前部的部分、纵断面视图；
图12是本发明另一实施方案刷头的端面视图，它具有一排弓形鬃毛和2排两边的直鬃毛；以及
图13是本发明另一实施方案刷头的端面视图，它具有第1排弓形鬃毛和第2排成圈鬃毛，二者同心地布置；
图14是本发明另一实施方案刷头的端面视图，它具有一排弓形鬃毛，沿着3个纵排直鬃毛上空延伸。
具体实施方式
参看图1和2，中空、基本上为矩形的芯轴10，具有4个斜切的角12、14、16和18，后者包括与芯轴10的相邻平面之间成45°角的平面。底线20、22、26、28、30、32、34和36，进入芯轴10的一个轴向端面后，朝下穿过芯轴10的内表面。该底线，如图所示，在相对的一端折返，并在导引下沿着各自对应的芯轴10的角反向移动。
在底线穿行的同时，单丝38围绕着芯轴10缠绕，于是形成许多与底线接触的线圈。底线带动线圈移动到超声焊接角40、42、44和46下方，每个头与各自的芯轴10的角重合。焊接头通电，从而将各个单丝线圈热熔结到底线上。
粘合以后，底线继续带动此时已连接到底线上的单丝线圈移动，并来到切断站。如图2所示，切断站包括切断刀片48、50、52和54，分别布置在各个角上以切断位于每对底线之间的单丝线圈，从而形成4根分开的鬃毛组件。虽然所画出的每个切断刀片可围绕着图2中虚线所示轴线旋转，但是，任何合适的机械或波动能量切断装置均可使用。
参看图3，图中表示出鬃毛组件56之一，具有2根彼此平行地布置的底线22和26，并有大量线圈粘合在底线上，与之基本上垂直，从而形成大量单丝段58。如图4所示，随着平行底线22与26彼此向对方(靠近)移动，单丝段58弯曲成单丝的弓形排60。
一种替代的纵切方法是采用超声波头来切断缠绕单丝，并与缠绕单丝与底线之间形成粘合点这一动作配合进行。这是通过使位于各对角部底线之间的芯轴表面凸起，从而形成尖角的边缘(刀刃)，用于同平坦的超声头平面在振动时相抵。这样一来，粘合与切断便可基本上同时发生。
通过改变底线数目和改变切断刀位置，还可制成其他单丝鬃毛组件。例如，在图5中，芯轴62具有基本上正方形断面形状，底线64、66、68和70分别布置在芯轴62的4个角之一处。单丝72围绕着芯轴62缠绕并由底线如以前一样带动着移动，从而形成大量线圈。从超声头(未画出)下面通过并热熔结到底线上以后，单丝线圈被移动到包括2个刀片74和76的切断站。
切断刀片将芯轴62彼此相对两侧上的单丝线圈切断，从而形成近似相同的2根鬃毛线组件78，图6中表示出其中之一。组件78包括大量单丝段80，连接在并延伸于这两根底线68与70之间，还包括2排单丝段82和84。如图7所示，当底线68与70沿着箭头方向聚拢时，单丝段80便形成弓形。
在另一种实施方案中，参见图8，单丝线圈切断后形成鬃毛线组件86，其中单丝段88连接在底线90、92和94上。如图9所示，当两根外侧的底线90和94按箭头所示朝中间底线92移动时，便形成一对弓形段96和98。
上面所描述的各种各样鬃毛组件可用于各种各样的产品，包括毛刷。图10表示牙刷100，它具有刷柄部分102、头部104和鬃毛部分，后者包括直单丝鬃毛排106、108、110、112、114和116，它们可替代地布置在成圈的单丝鬃毛排118、120、122、124和126之间。直鬃毛可按照共同未决申请序列号09/092.092，题为“制造带有鬃毛的制品的方法和设备”中所描述的技术制造，在此将该文献收作参考。替代地，直鬃毛可采用本文有关图7实施方案所描述的技术来制造，按此法，直鬃毛由直段82和84构成。
直鬃毛和弓形鬃毛组件与头部104的组装可采用共同未决申请序列号09/092,094，题为“单丝鬃毛组件及用它制造毛刷的方法”中所描述的技术，在此将该文献收作参考。作为例子，如图11所示，头部104备有横向沟槽，用以容纳单根直排底线106和108以及弓形排118和120的2根底线。替代地，直排106和108可分别与弓形排118的对应底线共用各自的沟槽，从而形成较为紧凑的刷头。底线一旦放入沟槽后，便可用化学、热或机械手段密封沟槽并锁定底线。
这里所描述的鬃毛组件可用于制造鬃毛图案和组合备异的毛刷。图12，为一牙刷128的前端面视图，具有2排直单丝鬃毛130和132，夹着1排成圈单丝鬃毛134。排130和132延伸到超过弓形单丝排134顶点的高度。所有这3排均从牙刷128的头部136上表面纵向延伸。130和132每一排各具有1根安装在头部136内的底线，而排134则具有2根安装在头部的底线，弓形单丝每条腿各对应1根。
图13，也是牙刷138的前端面视图，它具有两排弓形单丝鬃毛140和142，二者彼此同心地排列。排140的顶点高于排142的，并且排140的两条腿位于排142两条腿的外侧。这两排都从牙刷138头部144的上表面纵向延伸。排140和142每一排各具有2根安装在头部144中的底线。
图14，也是牙刷146的前端面视图，它具有一排沿牙刷头150纵向走向的弓形单丝鬃毛148以及3排、也是沿牙刷头纵向纵向的直鬃毛152、154和156。
这里所描述的各种实施方案可采用实际上任何一种弓形与直鬃毛组件的组合，还可包括美国序列号09/092,092中所描述的成圈鬃毛组件。
本发明的优点在于，可通过鬃毛组件之间的混杂和匹配创造出各种各样要求的弓形与直鬃毛的组合。用于牙刷，弓形鬃毛领域的附加优点是没有如直鬃毛那样需要处理的远端(鬃毛尖)。
用于直的和弓形的鬃毛组件的单丝各自都是单根丝，而不是“复丝”如纱线、合股线之类，虽然该单丝也可以是1种或多种聚合物复合挤出形成的同轴结构。单丝可由几种不同材料构成，包括脂族聚酰胺、芳族聚酰胺、聚酯、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氨酯、聚偏二氯乙烯、含氟聚合物苯乙烯以及苯乙烯共聚物。特别适合牙刷用途的聚合物材料是尼龙6，12；其他尼龙也可使用，包括尼龙4、尼龙6、尼龙11、尼龙12、尼龙6，6、尼龙6，10、尼龙6，14、尼龙10，10以及尼龙12，12，乃至其他尼龙共聚物。优选聚酯的例子是聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)。
当单丝之间如图3那样紧靠，则流动区内相邻单丝彼此间的互连可能比底线与流动区的基本上由单丝材料构成的互连更结实。此种特征在某些情况下允许在热熔结以后从单丝上去掉底线。替代地，单丝与底线之间的粘合力可与单丝之间的粘合力至少同样强。
虽然图3表示的单排中的单丝肩挨着肩，但是单丝密度也可以变化，使得相邻单丝彼此不接触。还有，密度也可以是这样，即，还有第2排或更多排单丝互相重叠起来。例如，在使用8密耳尼龙单丝的情况下，用单排、肩挨肩单丝可到达约125“根单丝每2.54cm(1英寸)底线”的密度。
虽然已就几种牙刷的实施方案做了描述，但是在已知各种各样毛刷中任何一种均可采用本发明弓形鬃毛、弓形与成圈鬃毛组合或弓形与直鬃毛组合来构造。用于某些毛刷领域，单丝可包含磨料颗粒或沙砾材料，以适合特殊毛刷的用途。磨料单丝有市售供应，可按商品名TYNEXA，由杜邦公司(Wilmington，特拉华，美国)购得。优选的是，该磨料包含0～50wt％聚合物单丝。TYNEXA是尼龙6，12单丝，其中包含沿整个单丝到处分布的碳化硅或氧化铝颗粒。
当采取超声焊接时，单丝和底线至少之一，优选二者，由热塑性聚合物材料构成。它们已在上面提到其他实施方案时描述过。
上述实施方案中任何一种使用的单丝都可可以是复合挤出的。而且，为达到所要求的鬃毛特性，例如用于清洁和洗刷毛刷，现已发现，优选的单丝是那些直径介于2～200密耳，优选2～20密耳的。在特别优选的牙刷实施方案中，单丝是4～10密耳直径的。不同直径、断面、材料、表面性质和/或颜色的单丝可组合在1个鬃毛组件或分组件中，以达到特定毛刷特性和/或外观。
在用尼龙作单丝或底线或二者的实施方案中，优选的尼龙是按商品名TYNEX销售并由杜邦公司(Wilmington，特拉华，美国)制造的。
TYNEX是聚十二烷酰己二胺，它是尼龙6，12的技术名称。其熔点介于208～215℃，比重介于1.05～1.07，有多种形状和直径可供选购。
适用于本发明的单丝和/或底线可具有非圆形的形状，并可以是中空或断面中带有孔隙的。上面所描述的实施方案展示用于底线和单丝的圆形断面。但底线和单丝之一或二者可具有椭圆、矩形或者其他形状。在任何形状的情况下，应选择底线和单丝的优选纤度来提供个别毛刷用途的不同功能水平。
就底线而言，上面所描述的优选实施方案表示一种单根单丝。然而，底线也可以是一束单丝，其中至少有一根单丝由聚合物热塑性材料构成。
在上面所描述的各种各样实施方案中，用作鬃毛的聚合物单丝可含有其他添加剂。例如，该聚合物单丝可包含0～50wt％具有功能和/或审美品质的颗粒。一个例子是提供颜色特征从而改善鬃毛视觉外观的粒状材料。还可包括其他颗粒，例如在聚合物单丝中加入抗微生物添加剂。另一些粒状材料或涂料也可施涂到或被包含在单丝中，例如治疗剂或着色剂，或者其他希望的添加剂。再有，单丝还可接受表面处理以提供所要求的性能，例如改变摩擦系数。
以上所描述的实施方案要求在单丝与底线之间的“联系”。关于这一点，“联系”是指，单丝依靠利用熔融、粘合剂粘合、溶剂粘合或类似手段形成的脆弱连接点固定在底线上。希望的话，脆弱的程度可予以控制，以便在粘合后很容易将底线与单丝分离。
这里所描述的弓形鬃毛可按任何构型或图案安装到任何刷头上。例如，弓形鬃毛可平行于或垂直于刷头纵轴排列，或者可同时地使用横向或纵向鬃毛。刷头本身可具有基本上平坦的表面，鬃毛从其上朝上伸出，如范例实施方案中所展示的。替代地，刷头可具有造型的，即，弯曲的表面，在这种情况下，鬃毛往往，在中凸表面情况下如扇形似的朝外散开，而在凹陷表面情况下，朝内呈扇形。还有，弓形鬃毛组件的2根底线可不平行地安装在刷头上，以致弓形鬃毛排采取一种弓形顶高度沿着排的全长呈要求的曲线变化的式样。
虽然已结合若干具体实施方案描述了本发明，但本领域技术人员懂得，在所附权利要求的精神或范围内本发明还能演绎出各种各样替代实施方案。
Claims (11)
1.一种鬃毛组件，它包含：
(a)第1和第2底线；
(b)大量延伸在第1和第2底线之间的单丝，以及
(c)形成将单丝连接到第1和第2底线上的脆弱连接点的流动区，
借此，单丝形成位于第1与第2底线之间的第1弓形排。
2.按照权利要求1的鬃毛组件，其中(c)中所述的形成将单丝连接到第1和第2底线上的脆弱连接点的流动区是粘合剂。
3.按照权利要求1或2的鬃毛组件，其中底线与单丝中至少之一是由尼龙材料制成的。
4.按照权利要求1或2的鬃毛组件，其中底线是单丝束，其中至少1根单丝是由尼龙材料制成的。
5.按照权利要求1的鬃毛组件，其中单丝被热熔结到底线上。
6.按照权利要求1的鬃毛组件，其中单丝靠粘合剂粘合到底线上。
7.权利要求1或2的鬃毛组件，其中单丝具有在2～200密耳之间变化的直径。
8.按照权利要求1或2的鬃毛组件，它还包含配置在第1与第2底线之间并与单丝相连接的第3底线，借此，该单丝形成第1与第3底线之间的第1弓形排，并形成第2与第3底线之间的第2弓形排。
9.一种毛刷组件，它包含：
(a)刷体，具有刷头；以及
(b)连接在刷体的刷头上的权利要求1～8中任何一项的第1鬃毛组件。
10.按照权利要求9的毛刷组件，它还包含连接在刷体的刷头上的至少1个第2鬃毛组件，其中该第2鬃毛组件包含
(a)至少第3和第4底线；以及
(b)连接到并延伸在第3与第4底线之间的大量聚合物单丝，从而构成从刷体朝上伸出的第2弓形排。
11.按照权利要求9的毛刷组件，还包含至少1排直单丝鬃毛，它组装在刷体的刷头上，每排包括大量从底线朝上伸出的单丝鬃毛。
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| US09/247093 | 1999-02-09 |
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-
2000
- 2000-02-08 EP EP20000908536 patent/EP1150590A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-08 JP JP2000598039A patent/JP2002536096A/ja active Pending
- 2000-02-08 WO PCT/US2000/003239 patent/WO2000047082A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-08 RU RU2001124818A patent/RU2221468C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-08 KR KR1020017009988A patent/KR20010093336A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-08 BR BR0009525A patent/BR0009525A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-08 CA CA 2359913 patent/CA2359913A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-08 CN CNB008035679A patent/CN1145441C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-05 US US09/730,426 patent/US20010000481A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1150590A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
| BR0009525A (pt) | 2002-02-05 |
| US6260229B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 |
| RU2221468C2 (ru) | 2004-01-20 |
| US20010000481A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
| CA2359913A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
| CN1339948A (zh) | 2002-03-13 |
| KR20010093336A (ko) | 2001-10-27 |
| JP2002536096A (ja) | 2002-10-29 |
| WO2000047082A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
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