CN114543146B - Village and town heating system based on phase change heat accumulation and multi-energy complementation - Google Patents
Village and town heating system based on phase change heat accumulation and multi-energy complementation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114543146B CN114543146B CN202210213247.6A CN202210213247A CN114543146B CN 114543146 B CN114543146 B CN 114543146B CN 202210213247 A CN202210213247 A CN 202210213247A CN 114543146 B CN114543146 B CN 114543146B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title description 19
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/02—Hot-water central heating systems with forced circulation, e.g. by pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a village heating system based on phase change heat storage and multi-energy complementation, which comprises a heat source side and a user side, wherein the heat source side comprises a solar heat collection system, a middle-deep geothermal heat supply system, an electric heater and a phase change heat storage heat exchange box, the phase change heat storage heat exchange box is provided with two stages, the electric heater is arranged in a first stage, the solar heat collection system is connected with the two stages of phase change heat storage heat exchange boxes to form a first heat storage loop, the solar heat collection system is connected with a second stage of phase change heat storage heat exchange box to form a second heat storage loop, a geothermal well of the middle-deep geothermal heat supply system is connected with the second stage of phase change heat storage heat exchange box to form a third heat storage loop, the two stages of phase change heat exchange boxes are connected with the user side to form a first heating loop, and the second stage of phase change heat storage heat exchange box is connected with the user side to form a second heating loop. The invention can meet the requirements of residents in villages and towns for heating by adopting large temperature difference at night and small temperature difference at daytime, and the two clean energy sources are complementary, so that the continuity and stability of heating can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heating ventilation and air conditioning, and particularly relates to a village heating system based on phase change heat storage and multi-energy complementation.
Background
The traditional village and town heating system utilizes the flue gas heating generated by the cooking range, although the heating requirement of residents in winter is met to a certain extent, the problems of poor continuous heating stability and environmental pollution exist, and the conventional village and town heating mode is changed as the requirements of the village and town residents on indoor heating environment in winter are improved and the environment is protected.
Because of the reasons of village residents production and living habit, people frequently get in and out of rooms in daytime, the clothes level takes the outdoor activities in a short time as a standard, the design temperature of the village daytime heating is determined to be lower than that of a city, a large number of research results also show that most northern villages think that the indoor and outdoor temperature difference in winter cannot be too large, the heating requirements of the village residents with different temperature differences in daytime and evening are described, the conventional heating system adopts constant water supply and return temperature difference to achieve a stable heating effect, and the practical requirement of the village residents on winter heating is difficult to adapt.
The solar energy is used as clean renewable energy, has wide distribution and great development and utilization potential, and is an excellent choice of heat sources in heating engineering. However, a single solar energy system is greatly affected by weather, energy supply is intermittent and unreliable, continuous and stable high-density energy cannot be provided at night and in overcast weather, and the system can be considered to be combined with other energy sources such as geothermal energy and heat storage technology for use.
The energy storage technology can alleviate the mismatch of the two sides of energy supply and demand in time, space and intensity, and the phase change energy storage technology refers to the technology of utilizing the phase change material to absorb or release a large amount of latent heat in the process of physical state change so as to realize the storage and release of energy, and compared with sensible heat energy storage, the energy storage density is greatly improved. The phase-change temperature control characteristic of the phase-change material is utilized to prolong the constant temperature time of heating, and reasonable use of the phase-change material can maintain the stability of indoor temperature for a long time under the condition of intermittent heating.
The Chinese patent with the patent number ZL202011005935.0 discloses a phase-change temperature-control heated kang suitable for heating in winter in villages and towns, which comprises a heated kang plate, a metal corrugated pipe and an electric heating wire, wherein the metal corrugated pipe is filled with a phase-change material after high-temperature melting. The heated kang stores heat during cooking in the daytime, can basically maintain the constant temperature of the kang surface in the daytime, and adopts the electric heating wire to heat the heated kang at night. Although the phase-change temperature-control heated kang better utilizes the phase-change heat storage technology, the phase-change temperature-control heated kang is limited to heating in daytime, and electric heating is adopted at night with higher requirements, so that the economical efficiency is poor. In addition, the tail end of the heated kang cannot bring good heat environment to the whole room, and with the rapid development of the rural area at present, the traditional bedding of the earth kang is gradually replaced, so that the combination mode of the phase-change heat storage technology and the novel heating tail end is considered in village and town heating.
The Chinese patent with the patent number ZL201710830052.5 discloses a solar energy and ground source heat pump combined energy supply system and an operation control method thereof. The solar energy and the ground source heat pump are utilized to jointly supply energy by analyzing the time period of the domestic hot water demand user for hot water supply; the heat in the solar collector is used for soil heat supplement during a period when domestic hot water supply is not required. Although the system realizes the combined energy supply of solar energy and the ground source heat pump, when the end user is scattered, the heat consumption is not regular and can be circulated, and the balance of soil heat extraction and heat compensation is difficult to realize. In addition, the water tank is used for storing heat, so that the heat storage quantity is small, and solar energy cannot be fully utilized when the illumination condition is good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a village and town heating system based on phase change heat storage and multi-energy complementation for solving the technical problems in the prior art, which can meet the requirements of village and town residents for heating by adopting large temperature difference at night and small temperature difference at daytime, and adopts two clean energy complementation for heating, thereby not only ensuring the continuity and stability of heating, but also not polluting the environment.
The invention adopts the technical proposal for solving the technical problems in the prior art that: the village and town heating system based on phase change heat accumulation and multi-energy complementation comprises a heat source side and a user side, wherein the heat source side comprises a solar heat collection system, a middle-deep geothermal heat supply system, an electric heater and a phase change heat accumulation heat exchange box, the phase change heat accumulation heat exchange box is provided with two stages, the electric heater is arranged in a first-stage phase change heat accumulation heat exchange box, the solar heat collection system, the first-stage phase change heat accumulation heat exchange box and a second-stage phase change heat exchange box are sequentially connected in series to form a first heat accumulation loop, the solar heat collection system, the second-stage phase change heat accumulation heat exchange box and a second heat accumulation loop are connected, the middle-deep geothermal heat supply system is provided with a geothermal well, the second-stage phase change heat exchange box and the user side are connected in series to form a third heat accumulation loop, and the first-stage phase change heat exchange box, the second-stage phase change heat exchange box, the user side and the second-stage phase change heat exchange box and the user side are connected to form a second heat accumulation loop; the first-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box is higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material filled in the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box.
And a heat exchange component is connected between the geothermal well and the second-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box.
The heat exchange component is a primary heat exchange component, and the primary heat exchange component is a plate heat exchanger.
The heat exchange component further comprises a secondary heat exchange component, and the secondary heat exchange component is a ground source heat pump unit.
The heating terminal of user side adopts ground warm structure, ground warm structure is equipped with structural layer, heat preservation, heat accumulation layer and screed-coat from supreme in proper order down, the heat accumulation layer is filled by phase change material and forms the phase change material of heat accumulation layer buries the hot water coil pipe in the phase change material of heat accumulation layer, phase change material's of heat accumulation layer phase change temperature is than phase change material's that the second grade phase change heat accumulation heat exchange box was filled phase change temperature is low, than heating indoor design temperature is high.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the solar heat collection system and the medium-deep geothermal heat supply system are used as main heat sources for heating residents in villages and towns in winter, so that the environment is not polluted; the phase change heat storage heat exchange box is used for storing heat and releasing heat by using phase change materials, so that the mismatching of the two energy supply and demand parties in time and strength can be relieved; the two-stage independent phase-change heat storage heat exchange box is adopted, the phase-change temperatures of the phase-change materials in the two-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box are different, the two-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box is correspondingly designed, different solar heat storage modes are designed on the heat source side and are complementary with the geothermal energy, electric energy is adopted for assisting in supplementing, the continuity and stability of heating can be guaranteed, the two-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box is correspondingly used for heating, different operation conditions are designed on the user side, the temperature difference of water supply and return at the tail end is changed through valve control, the heating requirements of village users for heating in different time periods can be met, large temperature difference heating is adopted at night, and small temperature difference heating is adopted in daytime. On the whole, the invention effectively complements solar energy and geothermal energy for heating villages and towns on the basis of meeting the heating requirements of village and towns residents in different periods, and has good technical feasibility and wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a solar water heater; 2. a geothermal well; 3. a plate heat exchanger; 4. a ground source heat pump unit; 5. a phase change heat storage heat exchange box; 6. an electric heater; 7, preparing a base material; a first-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box; 8. a spiral tube; 9. a second-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box; 10. a water separator; 11. a water collector; 12. a leveling layer; 13. a hot water coil; 14. a heat storage layer; 15. a heat preservation layer; 16. a structural layer; P1-P5, circulating water pump; v1, combining a valve; V2-V4, and a common valve; v5, converging the tee joint; v6, a shunt tee joint.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following examples, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
referring to fig. 1, a village heating system based on phase change heat storage and multi-energy complementation comprises a heat source side and a user side.
The heat source side comprises a solar heat collection system, a middle-deep geothermal heat supply system, an electric heater 6 and a phase change heat storage heat exchange box 5.
The phase change heat storage and exchange box 5 is provided with two stages, and the electric heater 6 is arranged in the first stage phase change heat storage and exchange box 7.
The solar heat collection system is sequentially connected with the first-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 7 and the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 9 in series to form a first heat storage loop.
The solar heat collection system is connected with the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 9 to form a second heat storage loop.
The medium-deep geothermal heat supply system is provided with a geothermal well 2, and the geothermal well 2 is connected with the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 9 to form a third heat storage loop.
The first-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 7 and the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 9 which are connected in series are connected with a user side to form a first heating loop.
The second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 9 is connected with a user side to form a second heating loop.
The first-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box is higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material filled in the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box.
The system takes the solar heat collection system and the medium-deep geothermal heat supply system as main heat sources to provide heat for the phase-change heat storage and exchange box, and user heating takes heat from the phase-change heat storage and exchange box, and solar energy, geothermal energy and other energy sources are reasonably complemented through heat storage and heat release of the phase-change materials and used for village and town user heating.
In the first heating circuit, the first-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 7 and the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 9 are connected in series through a spiral pipe 8.
The heat collecting device of the solar heat collecting system adopts the solar water heater 1 which is relatively common in village and town families, and the solar water heater is provided with a temperature sensor and a display interface, so that the temperature of hot water can be checked in real time, and different control strategies can be conveniently selected according to different temperatures of the hot water in the solar water heater.
The water discharged from the solar water heater flows into the phase-change heat storage heat exchange box, releases heat to the phase-change material in the heat storage heat exchange box, returns to the solar water heater through the circulating pump to be heated again, is mainly used for storing heat to the first-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box, and is provided with corresponding valves on pipelines, so that when the solar energy density is low, the water discharged from the solar water heater can be controlled to only enter the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box.
The heat source side phase change heat storage heat exchange box 5 is provided with two-stage heat storage boxes which are respectively filled with phase change materials with different phase change temperatures so as to meet the heat storage of heat sources with different temperatures, effectively utilize low-temperature heat sources and meet the requirement of temperature difference of water supply and return at the user side.
In this embodiment, in order to improve heat exchange efficiency, a heat exchange member is connected between the geothermal well 2 and the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange case 9. More specifically, the heat exchange members may be provided only once, or may be provided simultaneously with the primary heat exchange member and the secondary heat exchange member, and in this embodiment, there are two heat exchange members, namely, the primary heat exchange member-plate heat exchanger 3 and the secondary heat exchange member-ground source heat pump unit 4.
In this embodiment, the above-mentioned heat source side middle-deep geothermal heat supply system mainly comprises a geothermal well 2, a plate heat exchanger 3, a ground source heat pump unit 4, and corresponding water pumps and valves, and the middle-deep geothermal heat supply system is used for storing heat to the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box. The process is as follows: the geothermal well effluent firstly flows through the plate heat exchanger, flows into the ground source heat pump unit for cascade utilization after primary heat exchange in the heat exchanger, enlarges the utilization temperature difference of geothermal water, and then is pressurized and recharged by the circulating pump, thereby ensuring that no water is taken when heat is extracted. The plate heat exchanger and the ground source heat pump unit are converged by the three-way valve and then flow into the second-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box 9 for heat storage, after releasing heat to the phase change material, the heat flows into the plate heat exchanger and the heat pump unit respectively through the split three-way valve, and circulating pumps P3 and P4 are arranged at water return ports of the plate heat exchanger and the heat pump unit and are used for ensuring the normal operation of a water system.
In order to save energy and realize intermittent heating, the heating end of the user side adopts a floor heating structure, the floor heating structure is sequentially provided with a structural layer 16, a heat preservation layer 15, a heat storage layer 14 and a leveling layer 12 from bottom to top, the heat storage layer 14 is filled with phase change materials, a hot water coil pipe 13 is embedded in the heat storage layer 14, and the phase change temperature of the phase change materials of the heat storage layer 14 is lower than that of the phase change materials filled in the second-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box 9 and higher than the indoor design temperature of heating. The heat storage layer at the heating terminal is different from the traditional radiation heating terminal, the heat storage layer is filled by a phase change material, the phase change heat storage is small in heat flow density fluctuation compared with the sensible heat storage surface of concrete, the heating time is long, and an intermittent heating strategy can be adopted when the heating demand in daytime is low.
The solar heat collection system has three operation modes:
firstly), when the solar radiation intensity is high, the temperature of hot water is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the first-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box 7, the valve V1 is closed, the valve V2 is opened, and the hot water flows through the two-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange boxes in sequence to release heat and then flows back to the solar water heater through the circulating pump P1.
Secondly), when the solar radiation intensity is lower, the temperature of hot water is lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the first-stage phase change heat storage and exchange box 7, but higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the second-stage phase change heat storage and exchange box 9, at the moment, the valve V1 is opened, the valve V2 is closed, the hot water directly enters the second-stage phase change heat storage and exchange box 9 for heat storage, and after heat release, the hot water flows back to the solar water heater through the circulating pump P1.
Third), when in overcast and rainy weather, the hot water temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature of the phase transition material in the second phase transition heat accumulation heat exchange box 9, and valve V1, V2 and water pump P1 are closed temporarily at this moment, wait for the temperature to rise.
For the middle-deep geothermal heating system, geothermal well effluent firstly flows through the plate heat exchanger 3, flows into the ground source heat pump unit 4 after heat exchange, and is recharged through the circulating water pump P2 after heat release in the heat pump unit again.
For the middle-deep geothermal heat supply system, water discharged from the user side of the plate heat exchanger and water discharged from the condensing side of the heat pump unit enter the second phase change heat storage and heat exchange box 9 for heat storage together after passing through the flow combining tee joint V5, and flow back to the plate heat exchanger and the heat pump unit for reheating after heat release through the flow dividing tee joint and the circulating water pumps P3 and P4 respectively.
For the mid-deep geothermal heat supply system, if the solar hot water already meets the heat storage requirement of the second phase change heat storage and exchange box 9, namely the temperature in the second phase change heat storage and exchange box is already higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material of the second phase change heat storage and exchange box, the mid-deep geothermal heat supply system does not need to be started.
The electric heater 6 is not required to be turned on under the conventional condition, but the solar heat collection system cannot meet the temperature requirement of the first-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box 7, namely the temperature in the phase-change heat storage and exchange box 7 is lower than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, and the heating requirement exists at night, namely the electric heater 6 is turned on for auxiliary heating when the temperature of the heat storage layer 14 is lower than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material.
The above-mentioned user side heating can be divided into three operating conditions:
first), the valve V3 is opened, the valve V4 is closed, and the user side backwater flows into the second phase change heat storage and exchange box and the first phase change heat storage and exchange box in sequence through the water collector 11 and the circulating water pump P5, and flows into the radiation tail end for heating through the water separator 10 after being heated. When heating at night, the water collector backwater flows through the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box and the first-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box in sequence for heating, and then is used for user heating, and the temperature difference of the backwater supply is large in the form, so that the water collector backwater supply device is suitable for terminal water supply when the load is large at night and the heating demand temperature is high.
Second), during daytime heating conditions, the valve V3 is closed, the valve V4 is opened, and the user side backwater only flows into the second phase change heat storage and heat exchange box to heat after passing through the water collector 11 and the circulating water pump P5, and then flows into the radiation tail end through the water separator 10 to perform small-temperature-difference heating. When heating in daytime, the backwater of the water collector only flows through the second phase change heat storage heat exchange box to heat and then is used for heating by a user, and the temperature difference of the backwater supplied in the form is small, so that the water collector is suitable for terminal water supply when the load in daytime is small and the heating demand temperature is low.
Third), intermittent heating conditions, due to the existence of the phase-change material filling layer 14, the heating time of the radiation tail end is prolonged, when the load is small in daytime and the temperature of the heat storage layer is greater than the phase-change temperature of the filling layer phase-change material, the circulating water pump P5 can be selectively turned off, heating is stopped, and energy-saving operation is performed as much as possible on the premise of meeting the requirements of resident thermal comfort.
The water inlet of the water separator at the user side of the system comes from the phase-change heat storage heat exchange box, the water outlet enters the tail end of the user for heating, the water return at the user side enters the phase-change heat storage heat exchange box through the water collector for reheating, and the circulating water pump P5 is arranged between the water collector and the phase-change heat storage heat exchange box so as to meet the normal operation of the water system at the user side.
The system user side is based on the heat storage boxes with different two-stage phase transition temperatures, and three water supply and return working conditions are set to meet different heating demands and intermittent heating demands of residents in villages and towns at daytime and at night.
The operation mode of the system will be described in detail below by taking a specific operation condition as an example, for example, a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 50 ℃ is selected in the first-stage phase change heat storage and exchange box 7, a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 40 ℃ is selected in the second-stage phase change heat storage and exchange box 9, and a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 29 ℃ is selected in the heat storage layer 14. The outlet temperature of the geothermal well is 50 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 42 ℃ after primary heat exchange by the plate heat exchanger, and the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃ for recharging after heat extraction by the heat pump unit. The operation conditions of the user side of the heat exchanger and the condensation side of the heat pump unit are 45 ℃/40 ℃.
Based on the working conditions, when the water temperature in the solar water heater is higher than 50 ℃, the solar water is sequentially stored in the two-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange boxes, and when the water temperature in the solar water heater is lower than 40 ℃, the circulating water pump P3 is stopped, and the solar heat storage is closed.
Based on the working conditions, when the temperature in the second phase change heat storage heat exchange box is lower than 40 ℃, and solar energy can not meet the heat storage requirement, the medium-deep geothermal heat supply is started, the water outlet temperature of the geothermal well is 50 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 42 ℃ after primary heat exchange by the plate heat exchanger, and the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃ after heat exchange by the heat pump unit for recharging. The water outlet of the user side of the heat exchanger and the water outlet of the condensing side of the heat pump unit are both 45 ℃, and the water is cooled to 40 ℃ for circulation operation after heat is released in the second phase change heat storage and exchange box 9.
Based on the working conditions, the heating terminal backwater is designed to be 35 ℃, when the daytime heating is performed, the terminal backwater is heated to 40 ℃ through the second phase change heat storage heat exchange box to supply water, a temperature difference of 5 ℃ for supplying backwater is adopted, the indoor design temperature is 13 ℃, when the nighttime heating is performed, the terminal backwater is heated to 40 ℃ through the second phase change heat storage heat exchange box and then enters the first-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box to be heated to 45 ℃ for supplying water, a temperature difference of 10 ℃ for supplying backwater is adopted, and the indoor design temperature is 18 ℃.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the appended claims, which are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A village and town heating system based on phase change heat storage and multi-energy complementation is characterized by comprising a heat source side and a user side,
the heat source side comprises a solar heat collection system, a medium-deep geothermal heat supply system, an electric heater and a phase change heat storage heat exchange box,
the phase-change heat storage heat exchange box is provided with two stages,
the electric heater is arranged in the first-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box,
the solar heat collection system is sequentially connected with the first-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box and the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box in series to form a first heat storage loop,
the solar heat collection system is connected with the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box to form a second heat storage loop,
a valve (V2) is arranged between the solar heat collection system and the first-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box, a valve (V1) is arranged between the solar heat collection system and the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box, the valve (V1) is connected with the valve (V2) in parallel, a circulating water pump (P1) is arranged between the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box and the solar heat collection system,
the middle-deep geothermal heat supply system is provided with a geothermal well, the geothermal well is connected with the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box to form a third heat storage loop,
the first-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box and the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box which are connected in series are connected with a user side to form a first heating loop,
the second-stage phase-change heat storage heat exchange box is connected with the user side to form a second heating loop;
a valve (V3) is arranged between the user side and the first-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box, a valve (V4) is arranged between the user side and the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box, the valve (V3) is connected with the valve (V4) in parallel, a circulating water pump (P5) is arranged between the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box and a water collector at the user side,
the phase change temperature of the phase change material filled in the first-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box is higher than that of the phase change material filled in the second-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box,
the solar heat collection system has three operation modes:
when the solar radiation intensity is high, the temperature of hot water is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the first-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box, the valve (V1) is closed, the valve (V2) is opened, and the hot water flows through the two-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange boxes in sequence to release heat and then flows back to the solar water heater through the circulating water pump (P1);
secondly), when the solar radiation intensity is lower, the temperature of hot water is lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the first-stage phase change heat storage and exchange box, but higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the second-stage phase change heat storage and exchange box, at the moment, a valve (V1) is opened, a valve (V2) is closed, hot water directly enters the second-stage phase change heat storage and exchange box for heat storage, and after heat release, the hot water flows back to the solar water heater through a circulating water pump (P1);
thirdly, when the temperature of the hot water is lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the second phase change heat storage and exchange box in overcast and rainy weather, temporarily closing the valve (V1), the valve (V2) and the circulating water pump (P1) at the moment, and waiting for the rise of the water temperature;
the above-mentioned user side heating can be divided into three operating conditions:
firstly), under the night heating working condition, a valve (V3) is opened, a valve (V4) is closed, and user side backwater flows into a second phase change heat storage heat exchange box and a first phase change heat storage heat exchange box in sequence through a water collector and a circulating water pump (P5) to be heated, and then flows into a radiation tail end to be heated through a water separator; when heating at night, the backwater of the water collector sequentially flows through the second-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box and the first-stage phase-change heat storage and exchange box to heat and then is used for heating a user, and the backwater supply temperature difference is large in the form, so that the water collector is suitable for terminal water supply when the load at night is large and the heating demand temperature is high;
secondly), closing a valve (V3) and opening a valve (V4) under daytime heating conditions, wherein user side backwater only flows into a second phase change heat storage and exchange box to be heated after passing through a water collector and a circulating water pump (P5), and flows into a radiation tail end through a water separator to realize small-temperature-difference heating; when heating in daytime, the backwater of the water collector only flows through the second phase change heat storage heat exchange box to heat and then is used for heating by a user, and the temperature difference of the backwater supply and return water is small in the form, so that the water collector is suitable for terminal water supply when the load in daytime is small and the heating demand temperature is low;
and thirdly), under the intermittent heating working condition, due to the existence of the phase change material filling layer, the heating time at the radiation tail end is prolonged, when the load is smaller in daytime and the temperature of the heat storage layer is greater than the phase change temperature of the phase change material of the filling layer, the circulating water pump (P5) can be selectively turned off, heating is stopped, and the energy-saving operation is performed as much as possible on the premise of meeting the thermal comfort requirements of residents.
2. The phase change heat storage and multi-energy complementation-based village heating system according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchange component is connected between the geothermal well and the second-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box.
3. The phase change heat storage and multi-energy complementation-based village and town heating system according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchange component is a primary heat exchange component, and the primary heat exchange component is a plate heat exchanger.
4. The phase-change heat storage and multi-energy complementation-based village heating system according to claim 3, wherein the heat exchange component further comprises a secondary heat exchange component, and the secondary heat exchange component is a ground source heat pump unit.
5. The village and town heating system based on phase change heat storage and multi-energy complementation according to claim 1, wherein the heating terminal of the user side adopts a ground heating structure, the ground heating structure is sequentially provided with a structural layer, a heat preservation layer, a heat storage layer and a leveling layer from bottom to top, the heat storage layer is filled by phase change materials, a hot water coil pipe is buried in the phase change materials of the heat storage layer, and the phase change temperature of the phase change materials of the heat storage layer is lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change materials filled in the second-stage phase change heat storage heat exchange box and higher than the design temperature of a heating room.
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