CN114540097A

CN114540097A - Engine oil additive and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114540097A
Application number: CN202210169661.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 殷田甜; 邓敦勇; 黄刚; 张洋洋; 周佳
Original assignee: Anhui Meizhi Compressor Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Meizhi Compressor Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-02-23
Filing date: 2022-02-23
Publication date: 2022-05-27

Abstract

The invention discloses an engine oil additive and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the engine oil additive, the preparation raw materials comprise, by weight, 0.01-5 parts of one-dimensional carbon nano material, 0.01-25 parts of grafting agent and 70-99.98 parts of dispersing agent, wherein the one-dimensional carbon nano material is grafted and modified by the grafting agent. The lubricating property of the refrigerator oil containing the engine oil additive can be obviously improved. The invention also provides a preparation method of the engine oil additive, refrigerating machine oil containing the engine oil additive, a preparation method of the refrigerating machine oil, a compressor containing the refrigerating machine oil and application of the compressor.

Description

Engine oil additive and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration and freezing, and particularly relates to an engine oil additive and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

In order to create more comfortable living and production environments and better storage conditions, the application of manual temperature control technology, especially refrigeration technology, is becoming more and more widespread. At present, a compressor is an important component of household appliances such as an air conditioner and a refrigerator which work by using a refrigeration cycle system. Mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy by utilizing a part (a rolling rotor or a reciprocating piston and the like) which moves under the driving of a motor, so that the compression of a refrigerant in a cylinder of the compressor is realized, and the compressed refrigerant is discharged to enter a refrigeration cycle. The moving parts of the compressor bear the load caused by high-pressure gas, are easy to wear in the reciprocating process, and are easy to cause energy waste. Therefore, the compressor for refrigeration is the core of the refrigeration system and is also the largest energy consumption unit of the refrigeration system; in the large background of global carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, technological upgrades are urgently needed to reduce friction losses of moving parts in reciprocating compressors during operation to improve energy efficiency.

In the operation process of the traditional reciprocating compressor, refrigerating machine oil and lubricating oil are conveyed to a space between opposite grinding surfaces of a friction pair through an oil pumping mechanism to form an oil film, so that the effects of lubricating and reducing friction loss are achieved. Under actual conditions, especially when the surface roughness of the opposite grinding surface is poor, the refrigerating machine oil and the lubricating oil are not enough to lubricate the opposite grinding surface, and the friction loss and the abrasion are still serious.

Therefore, it is important to provide a suitable oil additive to improve the lubricating effect of the refrigerating machine oil to reduce the friction loss and wear on the wear surface.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides the engine oil additive which can obviously improve the lubricity of the refrigerating machine oil containing the engine oil additive.

The invention also provides a method for preparing the engine oil additive.

The invention also provides an application of the engine oil additive.

According to the first aspect of the invention, the engine oil additive is provided, and the preparation raw materials of the engine oil additive comprise, by weight, 0.01-5 parts of one-dimensional carbon nano material, 0.01-25 parts of grafting agent and 70-99.98 parts of dispersing agent; wherein the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is graft-modified by the grafting agent.

A preferred engine oil additive according to the present invention has at least the following benefits:

(1) when the engine oil additive is used for improving the lubricating performance of refrigerating engine oil, the addition amount of the one-dimensional carbon nano-materials is critical, and if the addition amount is larger than the range required by the invention, the one-dimensional carbon nano-materials can be wound and agglomerated; the sedimentation of the one-dimensional carbon nano material can be caused, the storage stability of the engine oil additive is further reduced, and finally an instrument containing the refrigerator oil is blocked; if the size of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is smaller than the range required by the invention, the effect of improving the lubricity cannot be achieved.

In conclusion, the engine oil additive with excellent performance is obtained by optimizing the addition amount of the one-dimensional carbon nano material.

(2) After the one-dimensional carbon nano material and the grafting agent react, a modified one-dimensional carbon nano material is formed, and a modified group formed by the grafting agent on the modified one-dimensional carbon nano material can improve the compatibility of the one-dimensional carbon nano material and a dispersing agent on one hand, and can generate a steric hindrance effect on the other hand to inhibit the agglomeration and settlement of the modified one-dimensional carbon nano material. Finally, the stability of the engine oil additive is improved.

(3) In the invention, the grafting agent is excessive to a certain extent relative to the one-dimensional carbon nano material, when the engine oil additive provided by the invention is used for the refrigerating machine oil of a compressor, if the modified group on the surface of the one-dimensional carbon nano material falls off and fails in the operation process of the compressor, the excessive grafting agent can carry out in-situ grafting on the exposed one-dimensional carbon nano material, and the lubricating effect of the refrigerating machine oil (including the engine oil additive) is ensured to be kept unchanged during the rated design life of the compressor. If the content of the grafting agent is lower than the range required by the invention, the one-dimensional carbon nano material cannot be completely modified, or the service life of a compressor is shortened; if the content of the grafting agent exceeds the range required by the present invention, the viscosity of the obtained engine oil additive is increased, thereby deteriorating the performance of the obtained refrigerator oil.

(4) In the invention, the engine oil additive exists in the form of dispersion liquid, and the engine oil additive has excellent dispersion and storage stability, so that the steps of solid-liquid separation after the one-dimensional carbon nano tube is modified and re-dispersion to the dispersing agent are omitted. Namely, the preparation process is saved by adjusting the preparation raw materials and components of the engine oil additive.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the preparation raw materials of the engine oil additive comprise 0.1-0.5 parts of one-dimensional carbon nano material, 10-20 parts of grafting agent and 79.5-89.9 parts of dispersing agent by weight.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the preparation raw materials of the engine oil additive comprise, by weight, 4 to 5 parts of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, 10 to 15 parts of the grafting agent, and 80 to 86 parts of the dispersing agent.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is between 0.1 μm and 5 μm.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the length of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is between 1 μm and 3 μm.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is between 0.1 nm and 9 nm.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is between 0.8 and 2 nm.

The effect brought by the size change of the one-dimensional carbon nano tube is similar to the dosage effect, namely, if the size is within the required range, the one-dimensional carbon nano material is wound and agglomerated, the sedimentation probability of the one-dimensional carbon nano material is obviously reduced, and the storage stability of the engine oil additive is also very excellent, so that an instrument containing the refrigerating engine oil cannot be stuck and can play a very excellent lubricating role.

In addition, according to the size of the one-dimensional carbon nano material adopted by the invention, the one-dimensional carbon nano material has larger length-diameter ratio, can play a role of a roller in the abrasion process and directly plays a bearing role.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial comprises at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanorods, and carbon nanofibers.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is selected from carbon nanotubes.

Compared with other materials, the carbon nano tube has the advantages of high strength, high toughness and self-lubricating property, and can obviously reduce the direct contact between friction pairs after being used in the refrigerating machine oil.

In some embodiments of the invention, the carbon nanotubes comprise at least one of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

In some embodiments of the invention, the single-wall carbon nanotubes comprise at least one of unmodified single-wall carbon nanotubes and carboxyl-modified single-wall carbon nanotubes.

In some embodiments of the invention, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes comprise at least one of unmodified multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carboxy-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

In some embodiments of the invention, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes comprise graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

In some embodiments of the invention, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes comprise graphitized carboxy-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

In some embodiments of the invention, the grafting agent comprises at least one of a hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon derivative, and a polysiloxane.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the grafting agent comprises at least one of a double bond, a halogen atom, an amide group, an amine group, an ester group, an ether group, an aryl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, and a siloxy group.

In some embodiments of the invention, the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon is greater than or equal to 12.

In some embodiments of the invention, the hydrocarbon derivative has a number of carbon atoms of 12 or more.

The number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon and the hydrocarbon derivative is more than or equal to 12, and compared with a grafting agent with the number of carbon atoms less than 12, a grafting group formed after the reaction with the one-dimensional carbon nano material can provide enough steric hindrance, so that the agglomeration and sedimentation of the one-dimensional carbon nano material in the engine oil additive are further inhibited.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the grafting agent is selected from derivatives of hydrocarbons.

In some embodiments of the invention, the hydrocarbon derivative comprises at least one of dodecylbenzene sulfonate, stearic acid, oleic acid, dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, octadecylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecamide, 1-bromooctadecane, octadecanol, dodecanethiol, t-dodecanethiol, polyvinyl alcohol, glycerol fatty acid esters, sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the grafting agent is selected from a mixture of stearic acid and oleic acid.

In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the grafting agent is selected from a mixture comprising 8 to 10 parts by weight of stearic acid and 2 to 5 parts by weight of oleic acid.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the grafting agent is selected from the group consisting of stearic acid, octadecylamine, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the grafting agent is selected from a mixture comprising 8 to 10 parts by weight of stearic acid, 1 to 3 parts by weight of octadecylamine, 0.5 to 1 part by weight of octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and 0.1 to 0.5 part by weight of dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the grafting agent comprises a perfluoroalkane.

And after the one-dimensional carbon nano material is grafted and modified by the grafting agent, forming a modified one-dimensional carbon nano material, wherein the grafting agent is evolved into a modified group.

In some embodiments of the invention, the modifying group comprises at least one of a hydrocarbyl group, a hydrocarbyl derivative group, and a polysiloxane group.

In some embodiments of the invention, the dispersant comprises at least one of trimethylpentane, petroleum ether, hexane, cyclohexane and isooctane.

In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the dispersant is selected from a mixture of cyclohexane and petroleum ether.

In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the dispersant is selected from a mixture containing 10 to 15 parts by weight of stearic acid and 1 to 5 parts by weight of oleic acid.

In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the dispersant is selected from a mixture of cyclohexane and isooctane.

In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the dispersant is selected from a mixture comprising 60 to 65 parts by weight of cyclohexane and 20 to 25 parts by weight of isooctane.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a method for preparing the engine oil additive is provided, which comprises the step of carrying out stirring reaction on the one-dimensional carbon nano material, the grafting agent and the dispersing agent under ultrasonic conditions.

The mechanism of the preparation method of the engine oil additive is as follows:

in the mixing reaction process, the grafting reaction is carried out on the grafting agent and the one-dimensional carbon nano material to form a modified one-dimensional carbon nano tube, and the modified one-dimensional carbon nano tube and the grafting agent which does not completely carry out the grafting reaction are dispersed in the dispersing agent to form the engine oil additive.

According to a preferred method for preparing the engine oil additive, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

firstly, the one-dimensional carbon nano material usually contains certain hydroxyl and carboxyl, and the groups are easy to have grafting reaction with a grafting agent; secondly, in the homogenizing process, due to the influence of intermolecular forces, the grafting agent is easy to wind and attach on the surface of the one-dimensional carbon nano material, so that the contact between the grafting agent and the one-dimensional carbon nano material is promoted, and the grafting reaction is further promoted. In conclusion, through the selection of the preparation raw materials, the grafting reaction and the dispersion process after grafting can be completed through simple mixing, and the preparation method is simple and easy to realize.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the engine oil additive prepared by the method for preparing an engine oil additive comprises the modified one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, a grafting agent and a dispersing agent.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the engine oil additive further comprises pretreating the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial before the mixing reaction.

In some embodiments of the invention, the pre-treatment comprises soaking the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with an oxidizing agent.

In some embodiments of the invention, the oxidizing agent comprises at least one of nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid (concentration > 50 wt%), neutral hydrogen peroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, Fenton's reagent (a mixture of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide), and ozone.

In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the soaking is between 20 and 120 ℃.

In some embodiments of the invention, the soaking time is between 30-240 min.

In some embodiments of the invention, the soaking is performed with the assistance of ultrasonic agitation.

In some embodiments of the invention, the pre-treatment further comprises performing solid-liquid separation after the soaking, and washing the resulting solids with water and ethanol in sequence, followed by drying.

In the invention, the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial can be grafted by selecting the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial and pretreating the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, so that the grafting difficulty of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial can be reduced, and finally the grafting can be finished by simple mixing reaction.

In some embodiments of the invention, the frequency of the ultrasonic conditions is between 10 and 15 kHz.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the frequency of the ultrasonic conditions is between 10 and 12 kHz.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the rotation speed of the stirring reaction is between 100rpm and 1000 rpm.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the rotation speed of the stirring reaction is between 200 rpm and 500 rpm.

In some embodiments of the invention, the stirring reaction is conducted under exclusion of air.

In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the stirring reaction is between 20 ℃ and 100 ℃.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the stirring reaction is between 50 and 90 ℃.

In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the stirring reaction is between 70 and 80 ℃.

In some embodiments of the invention, the stirring reaction is carried out for a period of time of between 6 and 26 hours.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stirring reaction time is between 10 and 25 hours.

In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stirring reaction time is between 20 and 24 hours.

According to a third aspect of the invention, a refrigerator oil is provided, wherein a preparation raw material of the refrigerator oil comprises a base oil and the engine oil additive or the engine oil additive prepared by the preparation method.

The preferable refrigerator oil according to the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

in the refrigerating machine oil provided by the invention, the machine oil additive is combined with the traditional refrigerating machine oil (base bottom oil), and after the machine oil additive is applied to a compressor, the friction loss of the compressor can be reduced, the abrasion of a friction pair is reduced, and the energy efficiency and the reliability of the refrigerating compressor are improved.

In the shutdown state of the compressor, the refrigerating machine oil can be kept uniform and stable without coagulation, and can be transferred to the surfaces of all parts of a pump body assembly in the compressor without agglomeration in the running process.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the density of the refrigerator oil at 20 ℃ is 0.800 to 0.999g/cm³In the meantime.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the density of the refrigerator oil at 20 ℃ is 0.850 to 0.900g/cm³In the meantime.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerator oil at 40 ℃ is 2 to 30mm²Is between/s.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerator oil at 40 ℃ is 10 to 20mm²Is between/s.

In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerator oil at 40 ℃ is 3 to 5mm²Is between/s.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the oil additive is present in an amount between 0.001% and 2.5% by volume of the refrigerator oil.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the oil additive is present in an amount of between 1% and 1.5% by volume of the refrigerator oil.

In some embodiments of the invention, the modified one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is contained in the refrigerator oil in an amount of 0.05 to 2000 mg/L.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the modified one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is contained in the refrigerator oil in an amount of 0.08 to 1000 mg/L.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the modified one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is contained in the refrigerator oil in an amount of 0.1 to 500 mg/L.

In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the modified one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is contained in the refrigerator oil in an amount of 0.1 to 100 mg/L.

In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the modified one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is contained in the refrigerator oil in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mg/L.

In some embodiments of the invention, the base stock comprises at least one of a homemade base stock and a commercially available base stock.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the base stock is selected from commercial No. 5 motor oils.

Since the refrigerator oil is generally used in a refrigeration compressor, the base oil of the refrigerator oil is required to have a lower flocculation point and excellent compatibility with a refrigerant, compared to conventional lubricating oil.

In some embodiments of the invention, the base oil comprises a base oil, an extreme pressure antiwear agent, an antioxidant, a lubricant, a metal deactivator, and an anti-foam agent.

In some embodiments of the invention, the base oil comprises at least one of a naphthenic mineral oil, an alkylbenzene oil, a polyester oil, a polyol oil, a polyvinyl ether, and a polyalkylene glycol.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the base oil comprises between 97.4% and 99.7899% by weight of the refrigerator oil.

In some embodiments of the invention, the extreme pressure antiwear agent comprises at least one of a phosphate ester and a phosphate ester derivative.

In some embodiments of the invention, the phosphate ester comprises tricresyl phosphate.

In some embodiments of the invention, the phosphate ester derivative comprises at least one of an acidic phosphate ester, a phosphate amine salt, a chlorophosphate ester, and a phosphite ester.

In some embodiments of the invention, the weight percentage of the extreme pressure antiwear agent in the refrigerator oil is between 0.05 and 1.95%.

In some embodiments of the invention, the antioxidant comprises at least one of a phenolic antioxidant and an alkylamine antioxidant.

In some embodiments of the invention, the phenolic antioxidant comprises at least one of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2, 3-di-tert-butyl-4-cresol, 2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol, hydroquinone, and beta-naphthol.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the alkylamine-type antioxidant comprises at least one of an alkyl diphenylamine and a butyl octyl diphenylamine.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the antioxidant is 0.15 to 0.45 wt% of the refrigerator oil.

In some embodiments of the invention, the anti-foaming agent comprises at least one of an organosiloxane, a polyether, a silicon-ether graft, and an organic amine.

In some embodiments of the invention, the organic amine comprises at least one of an aliphatic amine, an alcohol amine, an amide, an alicyclic amine, an aromatic amine, a naphthalene amine, and other amines.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the other amines refer to imines and hydroxyamines that are not included in aliphatic amines, alcohol amines, amides, alicyclic amines, aromatic amines, and naphthalene-based amines.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the anti-foaming agent is present in an amount of 0.001 to 0.05% by weight of the refrigerator oil.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the metal deactivator comprises at least one of T551, T561, T826, T39, and T701.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the metal deactivator is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.15 wt% based on the weight of the refrigerator oil.

In some embodiments of the invention, the sum of the mass percentages of all components in the refrigerator oil is 100%.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing the refrigerator oil is provided, which comprises mixing and dispersing the base oil and the oil additive.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the mixing and dispersing are performed under ultrasonic, stirring or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments of the invention, the frequency of the mixed dispersed ultrasound is between 2 and 4.5 kHz.

In some embodiments of the invention, the frequency of the mixed dispersed ultrasound is between 2.5 and 3.5 kHz.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the rotation speed of the mixing and dispersing stirrer is between 100rpm and 1000 rpm.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the rotation speed of the mixing and dispersing device is between 100rpm and 500 rpm.

In some embodiments of the invention, the mixing dispersion is performed under vacuum at a vacuum level of 10^-3Pa～10¹Pa is between Pa.

In some embodiments of the invention, the vacuum for the mixing dispersion is about 10 degrees f^-2Pa。

In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the mixing dispersion is between 40 and 85 ℃.

In some embodiments of the invention, the mixing and dispersing time is between 1.5 and 2.5 hours.

In some embodiments of the invention, the mixing dispersion is about 2 hours long.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compressor comprising the refrigerating machine oil.

A preferred compressor according to the invention has at least the following advantages:

compared with a compressor containing common refrigerator oil, the compressor containing the refrigerator oil has the advantages that the energy efficiency ratio is better and the abrasion depth is shallower after the compressor containing the refrigerator oil is tested under the same working condition.

Specifically, compared with a compressor containing common refrigerating machine oil, the compressor containing the refrigerating machine oil has the advantage that the promotion percentage of the energy efficiency ratio is 1-10%; after the accelerated life test of 500h, the weight loss of the crankshaft caused by abrasion is reduced by at least 40%.

In some embodiments of the invention, the compressor further comprises a motor and pump body assembly;

the pump body assembly comprises a crankshaft main shaft, a crankshaft auxiliary shaft, a connecting rod and a piston which are sequentially connected;

the other end of the crankshaft main shaft is connected with the motor.

In some embodiments of the invention, the pump body assembly further comprises a cylinder, the piston reciprocating on an inner wall of the cylinder.

In some embodiments of the invention, the pump block assembly further includes a crankcase housing the crankshaft main shaft.

In some embodiments of the invention, a piston pin is further disposed between the connecting rod and the piston, and the connecting rod and the piston are movably connected through the piston pin.

In some embodiments of the invention, the pump body assembly includes a pair of wear surfaces of at least one pair of friction pairs;

and the refrigerating machine oil is distributed on the opposite grinding surface of the friction pair.

In some embodiments of the invention, the wear side of the friction pair comprises at least: between the crankshaft main shaft and the crankcase, between the crankshaft auxiliary shaft and the connecting rod, between the connecting rod and the piston pin, and between the piston and the cylinder.

In some embodiments of the invention, the friction between the wear surfaces of the friction pair comprises at least one of rolling friction and sliding friction.

In some embodiments of the invention, the compressor further comprises a refrigerant dispersed in the refrigerator oil.

In some embodiments of the invention, the refrigerant comprises at least one of R134a (tetrafluoroethane), R600a (isobutane), and R290 (propane).

In some embodiments of the invention, the compressor further comprises a housing encasing the motor and pump body assembly.

When the compressor works, the motor drives the crankshaft to rotate, the crankshaft drives the piston to reciprocate through the connecting rod, the refrigerant is compressed, and then refrigeration/heating effects are generated.

In some embodiments of the invention, the operating frequency of the motor is between 5 and 150 Hz.

In some embodiments of the invention, the compressor comprises a reciprocating refrigeration compressor.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a temperature regulation system comprising the compressor.

In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature regulation system comprises at least one of a refrigeration system and a heating system.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a refrigeration apparatus including the compressor.

In some embodiments of the invention, the refrigeration appliance comprises an air conditioner.

Unless otherwise specified, "between … …" in the present invention includes the essential numbers, for example, "between 2 and 3" includes the

endpoints

2 and 3.

Unless otherwise specified, "about" in the present invention means an error of. + -. 2%, for example, "about 100 ℃ means a temperature of 100 ℃. + -. 2 ℃.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, in which:

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the energy efficiency results of the compressors of example 5, comparative example 10 and comparative examples 15 to 16 according to the present invention at an operating frequency of 27 Hz;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the energy efficiency results of the compressors of example 5, comparative example 10, and comparative examples 15 to 16 according to the present invention at an operating frequency of 72 Hz;

FIG. 3 shows the wear results of the compressor crankshafts obtained in example 5, comparative example 10 and comparative examples 15 to 16 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the energy efficiency results of the compressors obtained in example 10 of the present invention and comparative example 17;

FIG. 5 shows the wear results of the compressor crankshafts obtained in example 10 of the present invention and comparative example 17.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of energy efficiency of the compressors obtained in example 15 of the present invention and comparative example 18;

FIG. 7 shows the wear results of the compressor crankshafts obtained in example 15 of the present invention and comparative example 18.

Detailed Description

The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality is one or more, the meaning of a plurality is two or more, and the above, below, exceeding, etc. are understood as excluding the present numbers, and the above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the present numbers. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.

The first aspect of the invention provides an engine oil additive, which comprises, by weight, 0.01-5 parts of a one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, 0.01-25 parts of a grafting agent and 70-99.98 parts of a dispersing agent.

In the engine oil additive, the grafting agent can improve the compatibility and wettability of the one-dimensional carbon nano material and the dispersing agent, and can also provide enough steric hindrance to improve the dispersion stability of the one-dimensional carbon nano material; the types and the dosages of the one-dimensional carbon nano material, the grafting agent and the dispersing agent are matched with each other, and finally the engine oil additive with good dispersibility and capable of improving the lubricating performance of the engine oil can be obtained.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the engine oil additive, which comprises the step of mixing and reacting the one-dimensional carbon nano material, the grafting agent and the dispersing agent.

Due to the selection of the preparation raw materials, the grafting reaction of the grafting agent on the one-dimensional carbon nano material can be completed through simple mixing reaction; the preparation method of the engine oil additive is simplified, and the possibility of self-repairing in the use process of the engine oil additive is provided, namely, the grafting reaction is continuously completed in the use process, so that the effect of the engine oil additive is ensured.

In a third aspect of the present invention, a refrigerator oil is provided, wherein the raw material for preparing the refrigerator oil comprises a base stock, and the engine oil additive or the engine oil additive prepared by the preparation method.

Through the combination of the engine oil additive, particularly the dispersant, and the traditional refrigerator oil (base stock), the refrigerator oil provided by the invention has good compatibility of all components, and after being applied to a compressor, the refrigerator oil can reduce the friction loss of the compressor, reduce the abrasion of a friction pair and improve the energy efficiency and reliability of the refrigeration compressor; most importantly, due to the properties of the oil additive, the refrigerator oil can be adapted to various types of compressors by adjusting the type of the base oil.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the oil additive is present in an amount of 0.001 to 2.5% by volume of the refrigerating machine oil.

The parameters are selected in consideration of the dispersibility of the base oil to the engine oil additive and the influence of the concentration of the one-dimensional carbon nano material in the obtained refrigerating engine oil on the lubricating performance of the refrigerating engine oil. Within this range, the obtained refrigerator oil is optimal in stability and lubricity.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above refrigerator oil, comprising mixing and dispersing the base stock and the oil additive.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the vacuum degree of the mixing dispersion is 10^-3Pa～10¹Pa is between Pa.

The negative pressure mixing and dispersing environment can play a role in defoaming, and the performance of the obtained refrigerating machine oil is further improved.

The invention also provides a compressor comprising the refrigerating machine oil, a temperature adjusting system comprising the compressor, and refrigeration equipment comprising the temperature adjusting system.

In conclusion, the engine oil additive with excellent dispersibility, lubricity and compatibility with the traditional engine oil is obtained through the selection of the preparation raw materials and the components of the preparation raw materials of the engine oil additive, so that the performance of the refrigerating engine oil containing the additive is improved, and the preparation method of the refrigerating engine oil is simplified; finally, the energy efficiency of a compressor and a temperature control system comprising the refrigerating machine oil is improved, and the abrasion to a grinding surface is reduced.

Example 1

The embodiment provides an engine oil additive, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:

wherein the carbon nano tube has an inner diameter of 0.8-1.6 nm, an outer diameter of 1-2 nm and a length of 1-3 μm, and is purchased from an Aladdin reagent with the model of C139818.

Example 2

The embodiment prepares the engine oil additive, and the specific process is as follows:

s1, weighing the preparation raw materials of the engine oil additive according to the proportion shown in example 1:

s2, dispersing the weighed raw materials for 24 hours at a constant temperature of 75 ℃;

the dispersion conditions were: ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 10kHz were used in conjunction with magnetic stirring at a speed of 300 rpm.

In the engine oil additive obtained in this example, the grafting agent was in excess, and was partially used for modification of the carbon nanotubes, and was partially present in free form in the engine oil additive obtained.

The engine oil additive obtained in this example is composed of modified carbon nanotubes, dispersant and excessive grafting agent, wherein the modified carbon nanotubes are carbon nanotube raw materials grafted with stearic acid and oleic acid (hydrocarbyl derivatives).

Example 3

The embodiment provides a refrigerator oil, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by volume:

0.001 part of engine oil additive obtained in example 2;

99.999 parts of commercial No. 5 refrigerator oil;

the No. 5 engine oil used in the present example was purchased from Beijing Furun petrochemical technology development Co., Ltd., and the specific model was SH-5.

Example 4

The embodiment prepares the refrigerator oil, and the specific process is as follows:

A1. weighing the preparation raw materials of the refrigerator oil according to the proportion shown in the example 3:

A2. mixing the prepared raw materials obtained in the step A1;

wherein the mixing is negative pressure mixing at 40 deg.C and vacuum degree of 10^-2Pa, the mode is that ultrasonic oscillation with the frequency of 3kHz is matched with magnetic stirring at the rotating speed of 100rpm, and the mixing time is 2 hours.

The density of the refrigerator oil obtained in this example at 20 ℃ was 0.862g/cm³Kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of 4.1mm²And/s, the content of the modified carbon nano tube in the refrigerator oil is about 1 mg/L.

Wherein the density is tested by the method in the reference standard document GB/T1884;

the kinematic viscosity is tested according to the method of standard document GB/T265.

Example 5

The embodiment provides a refrigeration compressor, the model number is DZ90V 1W;

wherein 100 parts by weight of the refrigerating machine oil obtained in example 4 was sealed in a pump body assembly; refrigerant R600a is also enclosed.

Example 6

Example 7

s1, weighing the preparation raw materials of the engine oil additive according to the proportion shown in example 6:

s2, dispersing the weighed raw materials for 26 hours at a constant temperature of 55 ℃;

the dispersion was carried out under conditions of ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 10kHz and magnetic stirring at a rotational speed of 300 rpm.

The engine oil additive obtained in this example is composed of a modified carbon nanotube, a dispersant and an excessive amount of grafting agent, wherein the modified carbon nanotube is formed by grafting stearic acid, octadecylamine, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and dodecylbenzene sulfonate (hydrocarbyl derivative) onto a carbon nanotube raw material.

Example 8

2.5 parts of an engine oil additive obtained in example 7;

100 parts of commercial No. 5 refrigerator oil;

the specific model and source of the No. 5 refrigerating machine oil are the same as those in the example 3.

Example 9

A1. the preparation raw materials of the refrigerator oil are measured according to the proportion shown in the example 8:

A2. mixing the raw materials obtained in the step A1 to obtain the compound fertilizer;

wherein the mixing temperature is 23 deg.C and vacuum degree is 10^-2Pa, the mode is that ultrasonic oscillation with the frequency of 3kHz is matched with magnetic stirring at the rotating speed of 100rpm, and the mixing time is 2 hours.

The density of the refrigerator oil obtained in this example at 20 ℃ was 0.875g/cm³Kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of 8.3mm²And/s, the content of the modified carbon nano tube in the refrigerator oil is about 2100 mg/L.

Example 10

This embodiment provides a refrigeration compressor, which is different from embodiment 5 in that:

(1) the refrigeration compressor is model number PA80H 1C;

(2) the refrigerator oil used was from example 9.

(3) The refrigerant model number is R290.

Example 11

Example 12

This example prepared an oil additive differing from example 2 in that:

preparation of an engine oil additive the starting material was from example 11.

Example 13

0.2 part of engine oil additive obtained in example 12;

99.98 parts of base oil;

the base oil used in this example comprises the following components in parts by weight:

in this embodiment:

naphthenic mineral oil is purchased from Nanjing hong Han petrochemical company Limited and has the model of KN4006 naphthenic oil;

the alkylbenzene synthetic oil was purchased from Shanghai Dow general chemical Co., Ltd, and was model No. Dow pol Synnaph AB 3;

tricresyl phosphate was purchased from san Jose chemical Co., Ltd, Calif. model T306 antiwear agent;

the alkyl diphenylamine is purchased from Santa chemical Co., Ltd, Calif. with the model number T534;

hydroquinone was purchased from the avadin reagent with CAS number 123-31-9;

organosiloxanes purchased from alatin reagent with CAS number 63148-62-9;

t39 was purchased from Loyang Sequoia chemical Co., Ltd, model number T39.

Example 14

This example prepared a refrigerator oil, differing from example 4 in that:

the starting material for the preparation of refrigerator oil was from example 13.

The density of the refrigerator oil obtained in this example at 20 ℃ was 0.863g/cm³Kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of 8.4mm²And/s, the content of the modified carbon nano tube in the refrigerator oil is about 2 mg/L.

Example 15

The embodiment provides a refrigerator oil, the model number is PA140L 1F;

wherein 100 parts by weight of the refrigerating machine oil obtained in example 14 was sealed in a pump body assembly.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example provides an engine oil additive, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:

wherein the parameters and types of the carbon nanotubes are the same as those of example 1.

Comparative example 2

This comparative example prepared an engine oil additive, which specifically differed from example 2 in that:

preparation of an engine oil additive the starting material was from comparative example 1.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example provides a refrigerator oil, which differs from example 3 in particular in that:

the oil additive used was from comparative example 2.

Comparative example 4

This comparative example prepared a refrigerator oil, which specifically differed from example 4 in that:

the raw material for the preparation of the refrigerator oil was from comparative example 3.

The density of the refrigerating machine oil obtained in the comparative example at 20 ℃ is 0.862g/cm³Kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of 4.1mm²And/s, the content of the modified carbon nano tube in the refrigerator oil is about 1 mg/L.

Comparative example 5

This comparative example provides a refrigeration compressor, which differs from example 5 specifically in that:

the refrigerating machine oil used was from comparative example 4.

Comparative example 6

Comparative example 7

The comparative example prepares an engine oil additive, and the specific process is different from that of the example 2:

preparation of an engine oil additive the starting material was from comparative example 6.

Comparative example 8

The comparative example provides a refrigerator oil, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume:

5 parts of the engine oil additive obtained in the comparative example 7;

95 parts of commercial No. 5 refrigerator oil;

the type and specific source of the refrigerating machine oil were the same as in example 3.

Comparative example 9

This comparative example prepared a refrigerator oil, and the specific procedure differed from example 4 in that:

the raw material for the preparation of the refrigerator oil was from comparative example 8.

The density of the refrigerating machine oil obtained in the comparative example at 20 ℃ was 0.897g/cm³Kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of 9.2mm²And/s, the content of the modified carbon nano tube in the refrigerator oil is about 18 mg/L.

Comparative example 10

the refrigerating machine oil used is from comparative example 9.

Comparative example 11

This comparative example provides an engine oil additive which differs from example 1 in that:

the length of the carbon nano tube is between 10 and 20 um;

the outer diameter is 50 to 100 nm.

Comparative example 12

This comparative example prepared an engine oil additive, which differed from example 2 in that:

Comparative example 13

This comparative example provides a refrigerator oil which differs from example 3 in that:

the oil additive was from comparative example 2.

Comparative example 14

This comparative example prepared a refrigerator oil which differed from example 4 in that:

The density of the refrigerating machine oil obtained in the comparative example at 20 ℃ is 0.864g/cm³Kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of 4.1mm²And/s, the content of the modified carbon nano tube in the refrigerator oil is about 1 mg/L.

Comparative example 15

the refrigerating machine oil used was from comparative example 4.

Comparative example 16

This comparative example provides a refrigeration compressor, which differs from example 5 in that:

the refrigerating machine oil used was a refrigerating machine oil available from Beijing Furun petrochemical technology development Co., Ltd, type SH-5, i.e., the machine oil additive obtained in example 2 was not included.

Comparative example 17

This comparative example provides a refrigeration compressor, which differs from example 10 in that:

the refrigerating machine oil used was a refrigerating machine oil available from Peking Furun petrochemical technology development Co., Ltd, type SH-5, i.e., the machine oil additive obtained in example 7 was not included.

Comparative example 18

This comparative example provides a refrigeration compressor, which differs from example 15 in that:

the refrigerator oil used was the base stock of example 13, i.e., the engine oil additive of example 12 was not included.

Test examples

The present test example tested the performance of the compressors provided in examples 5, 10, 15, 5, 10, and 15 to 18. Wherein:

the test working condition of the energy efficiency (COP) is American standard of heating, refrigerating and air conditioning working conditions (ASHRAE-LBP); the test conditions are as follows:

in example 5, comparative example 10, and comparative examples 15 to 16, the test frequencies were 27Hz and 72 Hz;

the test frequency of example 10, example 15 and comparative examples 17 to 18 was 50 Hz.

The test conditions of the accelerated life wear reliability test are as follows:

in example 5, comparative example 10 and comparative examples 15 to 16, the operation was carried out at 100 ℃ for 500 hours under a pressure of 1.8MPa to 0.01MPa (respectively representing the suction pressure and the discharge pressure); the operating frequency was 75 Hz.

In example 10 and comparative example 17, 3.66MPa to 0.25MPa (representing the suction pressure and the discharge pressure, respectively), 500 hours were operated at 100 ℃; the running frequency is 50 Hz;

in example 15 and comparative example 18, 1.8MPa to 0.01MPa (respectively representing the suction pressure and the discharge pressure) was used, and the operation was carried out at 100 ℃ for 500 hours; the operating frequency was 60 Hz.

Before and after the accelerated life wear test, the crankshaft was taken out, cleaned with ethanol (to remove the refrigerating machine oil adhering thereto), dried, and the wear depth was measured.

In the energy efficiency test and the accelerated life test, each group of tests is subjected to three groups of parallel tests, and the +/-values in tables 1-2 are the test error ranges of the three groups of tests.

The test results of example 5, comparative example 10, and comparative examples 15 to 16 are shown in Table 1.

The test results of example 10 and comparative example 17 are shown in table 2.

The test results of example 15 and comparative example 18 are shown in Table 3

TABLE 1 Performance results for compressors obtained in example 5, comparative example 10, and comparative examples 15-16

Table 2 performance results for the compressors obtained in example 10 and comparative example 17

	Frequency of	Example 10	Comparative example 17
				Energy efficiency	50Hz	1.58±0.02	1.56±0.02
Depth of abrasion/. mu.m	50Hz	1.5±0.4	3.2±0.5

Table 3 performance results for the compressors obtained in example 15 and comparative example 18

	Frequency of	Example 15	Comparative example 18
				Energy efficiency	50Hz	1.51±0.02	1.47±0.02
Depth of abrasion/. mu.m	50Hz	2.524±0.205	6.152±0.712

The example 5, the comparative example 10 and the comparative examples 15 to 16 all adopt a DZ90V1W type refrigeration compressor, and the same test conditions are adopted, and the results show that (Table 1):

compared with the refrigerator oil without the oil additive (comparative example 11), the refrigerator oil provided by the invention can improve the energy efficiency by 1.47% (27Hz) to 1.76% (72Hz) after being applied to a refrigeration compressor (example 5); the abrasion depth can be reduced by 66.7%.

When preparing the engine oil additive, if the amounts of the grafting agent and the dispersant are not optimal (comparative example 5), it does not have a positive effect on energy efficiency and depth of wear, but has a reverse effect. The reason is that the dispersion uniformity of the engine oil additive in the refrigerating machine oil is influenced after the proportion of the preparation raw materials deviates, and the lubricating performance of the obtained refrigerating machine oil is further influenced.

Similar results as in comparative example 5 also occurred when the amount of the raw material one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial (carbon nanotubes) was not optimal when preparing the engine oil additive (comparative example 10). The reason is that after the addition amount of the carbon nano tube is too high, the dosage of the corresponding dispersant is not increased, so that the carbon nano tube is not completely modified and is settled, and the freezing compressor is easy to be blocked in the operation process.

When the engine oil additive is prepared, if the size of the raw material one-dimensional carbon nano material (carbon nano tube) is not optimal (comparative example 15), the carbon nano tubes are wound and settled, and finally the freezing compressor is blocked in the operation process, the abrasion depth is as high as 10.5 +/-1.5 mu m, the depth is deep, the error is 1.5 mu m, and the obtained crankshaft grinding surface has extremely poor uniformity. When a DZ90V1W type refrigeration compressor is adopted, the statistical result corresponding to the energy efficiency is shown in figures 1-2; the statistical result graph corresponding to the wear depth is shown in fig. 3. As is apparent from the figure, the lubricating effect of the obtained refrigerating machine oil is obviously affected by the improper proportion and size of each preparation raw material in the engine oil additive (comparative examples 5, 10 and 15).

Example 10 and comparative example 17 both used a refrigeration compressor model PA80H1C, using the same test conditions, and the results are shown (table 2):

even if the compressor model is changed and the types of the dispersant and the grafting agent are changed, the technical effect equivalent to that of the embodiment 5 can be obtained in the embodiment 10; i.e., when the refrigerating machine oil without the oil additive is used with the refrigerating compressor, the energy efficiency can be remarkably optimized and the wear performance can be reduced. When a PA80H1C model refrigeration compressor is used for testing, the statistical result corresponding to the energy efficiency is shown in figure 4; the statistics corresponding to the wear depth are shown in fig. 5. The graph shows that the energy efficiency of the compressor obtained in example 10 is significantly improved and the wear depth is significantly reduced, compared to comparative example 17.

Example 15 and comparative example 18 both used a refrigeration compressor model PA140L1F, using the same test conditions, and the results are shown (table 3):

even if the compressor model is changed and the commodity base oil is changed to the homemade base oil, the technical effect equivalent to that of the embodiments 5 and 10 can be obtained in the embodiment 15; i.e., when the refrigerating machine oil without the oil additive is used with the refrigerating compressor, the energy efficiency can be remarkably optimized and the wear performance can be reduced. The energy efficiency of the compressor obtained in example 15 was significantly improved and the wear depth was significantly reduced compared to comparative example 18. Specific comparison information is shown in fig. 6 to 7.

In conclusion, the grafting agent is used for modifying the one-dimensional carbon nano material, the one-dimensional carbon nano material is uniformly dispersed into the dispersing agent to form the engine oil additive, the engine oil additive is dispersed into the base oil to form the refrigerating machine oil, and after the refrigerating machine oil is used for the refrigerating compressor, the reliability and the service life of the refrigerating compressor can be remarkably improved, and the energy consumption is remarkably reduced. Meanwhile, the preparation processes of the engine oil additive and the refrigerator oil are simple and easy to realize; the obtained refrigerating machine oil has universality and can be suitable for various types of refrigeration compressors. Therefore, the refrigerating machine oil prepared by the invention is also expected to be used in other kinds of manual temperature control systems.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. The engine oil additive is characterized in that the preparation raw materials of the engine oil additive comprise, by weight, 0.01-5 parts of one-dimensional carbon nano material, 0.01-25 parts of grafting agent and 70-99.98 parts of dispersing agent; wherein the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is graft-modified by the grafting agent.

2. The engine oil additive of claim 1, wherein the length of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is between 0.1 and 5 μm.

3. The engine oil additive of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial is between 0.1 nm and 9 nm.

4. The engine oil additive of claim 1, wherein the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial comprises at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanorods, and carbon nanofibers.

5. The engine oil additive of claim 1 wherein the grafting agent comprises at least one of a hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon derivative, and a polysiloxane.

6. The engine oil additive of claim 5 wherein the grafting agent contains at least one of a double bond, a halogen atom, an amide group, an amine group, an ester group, an ether group, an aryl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, and a siloxy group.

7. The engine oil additive as defined in claim 5, wherein the hydrocarbon derivative comprises at least one of dodecylbenzene sulfonate, stearic acid, oleic acid, dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, octadecylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamide, 1-bromooctadecane, octadecanol, dodecanethiol, t-dodecanethiol, polyvinyl alcohol, fatty acid glyceride, sodium cholate, and sodium deoxycholate.

8. The engine oil additive as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the dispersant comprises at least one of trimethylpentane, petroleum ether, hexane, cyclohexane and isooctane.

9. A method for preparing the engine oil additive as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises subjecting the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, the grafting agent and the dispersing agent to a stirring reaction under ultrasonic conditions.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the ultrasonic conditions have a frequency of between 10 and 15 kHz.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the temperature of the stirring reaction is between 20 and 100 ℃.

12. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the stirring reaction is carried out for a period of time of between 6 and 26 hours.

13. A refrigerator oil, characterized in that the raw materials for preparing the refrigerator oil comprise base stock and the oil additive according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

14. The refrigerator oil of claim 13 wherein the oil additive comprises between 0.001% and 2.5% by volume of the refrigerator oil.

15. The refrigerator oil of claim 13 wherein the base basestock comprises a base oil, an extreme pressure antiwear agent, an antioxidant, a lubricant, a metal deactivator, and an anti-foam agent.

16. A method for preparing the refrigerator oil as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15, comprising mixing and dispersing the base stock and the oil additive.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the mixing and dispersing are performed under ultrasonic, stirring or a combination thereof.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the mixing dispersion is performed under vacuum with a vacuum degree of 10^-3Pa～10¹Pa is between Pa.

19. A compressor comprising the refrigerator oil according to any one of claims 13 to 15.

20. The compressor of claim 19, wherein the compressor comprises a reciprocating refrigeration compressor.

21. A temperature regulation system comprising a compressor as claimed in claim 19 or 20.

22. A refrigeration apparatus, comprising a compressor as claimed in claim 19 or 20.