CN114539895A - Water-based PU (polyurethane) coating and coating process - Google Patents
Water-based PU (polyurethane) coating and coating process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114539895A CN114539895A CN202111269217.9A CN202111269217A CN114539895A CN 114539895 A CN114539895 A CN 114539895A CN 202111269217 A CN202111269217 A CN 202111269217A CN 114539895 A CN114539895 A CN 114539895A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- FEWFXBUNENSNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyacrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=C)C(O)=O FEWFXBUNENSNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- CUVLMZNMSPJDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCC(C)O CUVLMZNMSPJDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)CO CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecanol group Chemical class C(CCCCCCCCCCC)O LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IBLKWZIFZMJLFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1 IBLKWZIFZMJLFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 dodecyl alcohol ester Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012994 photoredox catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- LXOFYPKXCSULTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,7,9-tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(O)C#CC(C)(O)CC(C)C LXOFYPKXCSULTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
- B05D1/38—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment with intermediate treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/26—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials synthetic lacquers or varnishes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/546—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2501/00—Varnish or unspecified clear coat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2503/00—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coatings, in particular to a water-based PU coating and a coating process. The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass (10-20): 1, component A raw material and component B raw material; the component B is at least one of a poly-thiol type curing agent, an isocyanate type curing agent, an aliphatic amine curing agent, a modified amine curing agent and a polyamide curing agent; the component A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40-80% of water-based film-forming resin, 5-20% of film-forming additive, 0.1-1% of wetting agent, 0.3-3% of thickening agent and 0.1-1% of defoaming agent; the balance of water; the aqueous film-forming resin comprises an aqueous hydroxyacrylic acid emulsion and/or an aqueous hydroxyacrylic acid dispersion; the particle diameter of the microparticles of the aqueous hydroxy acrylic dispersion is not more than 0.1 mu m. The water-based PU coating disclosed by the invention has excellent substrate adhesion and interlayer adhesion, good surface smoothness, good silver powder arrangement property, good delustering property and good alcohol resistance and chemical resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coatings, in particular to a water-based PU coating and a coating process.
Background
The coating is a material which is coated on the surface of a protected or decorated object and can form a firmly attached continuous film with the object to be coated, and is a viscous liquid which is prepared by taking resin, oil or emulsion as a main material, adding or not adding pigments and fillers, adding corresponding auxiliary agents and adopting an organic solvent or water. With the increasing shortage of natural resources, the fields of applying steel and wood are replaced by recyclable plastics, so that the application of plastics in the current society is wider and wider, however, most of plastic blank products are formed by extrusion molding or compression molding, and trace air or volatile impurities in raw materials may overflow to the surface in the heating and extrusion process to form more micro defects of 'craters' and the like, so that the surface gloss is reduced, and the aesthetic degree is poorer. Meanwhile, most conventional plastic parts are low in wear resistance and solvent resistance, and easy to scratch, fog, damage to the surface and the like, so that the plastic parts need to be decorated and protected, and the perfect decoration and the lasting protection of the plastic surfaces possessed by the coating enable the coating industry to develop dramatically.
The coating can be classified into a powder coating and a liquid coating according to the form, and the liquid coating can be classified into a solvent-based coating and a water-based coating according to the dilution component. The common solvent which accounts for a large proportion of components in the solvent-based paint is a petrochemical product, petroleum is used as a non-renewable resource, the use of the solvent is limited in a long term, and the volatile solvent has certain toxicity or pungent smell, and the volatile solvent is volatilized into the atmosphere after coating to cause great pollution to the air. Therefore, with the strict control of the discharge amount of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), the content of harmful solvents and various heavy metals by environmental regulations in various countries, the trend of social development is to change the application of the coating from a solvent-based coating with high VOC discharge amount to a water-based coating with low VOC.
However, while the use of aqueous coatings is effective in reducing environmental impact, many properties are deficient. For example, water has a large surface tension, a slow volatilization rate, a long drying and curing time of a water-soluble coating, and cured properties such as adhesion: the adhesion of the plastic coating is an important index, which can be understood as the resistance of the surface of a paint film to the separation from a substrate, and the adhesion of the coating on the surface of the plastic coating has certain difficulty due to the low surface energy of the plastic; water resistance: the adhesive force of the paint film is deteriorated after boiling in water at high temperature or soaking in water for a long time; chemical resistance: the paint film has weak chemical corrosion resistance, so that the problems of abnormal appearance and easy falling of the paint film are easily caused after the paint film is corroded by chemicals; and the mechanical properties such as wear resistance and the like are difficult to meet the use requirements. For the prior art, the actual drying time of the general water-based PU coating needs more than 168 hours at normal temperature or more than 24 hours at 80 ℃, and the adhesive force is difficult to reach 4B under the condition of water resistance of 100 ℃ and boiling for 1 hour, so that the development of the water-based PU coating with high curing speed and excellent mechanical property has great value significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of poor appearance, adhesive force, water resistance, wear resistance, chemical resistance, slow drying and the like commonly existing in the existing water-based PU coatings of the same type, the invention adopts the optimized water-based acrylic emulsion to prepare a mixture consisting of the water-based polyurethane dispersion and/or the water-based hydroxyl acrylic dispersion or the optimized water-based hydroxyl acrylic dispersion as a main body, and the water-based isocyanate curing agent is matched, so that the drying and curing speed of the water-based plastic coating and the mechanical property of a paint film can be effectively improved.
Specifically, the invention provides a water-based PU coating, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass (10-20): 1, component A raw material and component B raw material; illustratively, the mass ratio of the component A raw material to the component B raw material is 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 19:1 and 20: 1; the component B is at least one of a poly-thiol type curing agent, an isocyanate type curing agent, an aliphatic amine curing agent, a modified amine curing agent and a polyamide curing agent; preferably an isocyanate-type curing agent, exemplified by a water-dispersible isocyanate curing agent based on hexamethylene diisocyanate;
the component A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass of 100 percent of the component A:
further, the component A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass of 100% of the component A:
for example, the aqueous film-forming resin may be present in the raw material of component a in an amount of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 63%, 65%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 75%, 77%, 78%, 80% by mass, or the like.
In some embodiments, the aqueous film-forming resin is an aqueous hydroxyacrylic dispersion; further, the particle diameter of the fine particles of the aqueous hydroxyacrylic acid dispersion is not more than 0.1. mu.m.
In some embodiments, the aqueous film-forming resin is a mixture of 30-70% of aqueous hydroxy acrylic emulsion and 5-30% of aqueous polyurethane dispersion based on 100% of the A component by mass fraction; further, the particle diameter of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion particles is not more than 30 μm.
In some embodiments, the aqueous film-forming resin is a mixture of 20-40% aqueous hydroxy acrylic emulsion, 5-15% aqueous polyurethane dispersion and 15-30% aqueous hydroxy acrylic dispersion based on 100% mass fraction of the A component.
In some embodiments, the aqueous film-forming resin is a mixture of 25 to 55% of an aqueous hydroxyacrylic emulsion and 10 to 25% of an aqueous hydroxyacrylic dispersion, based on 100% by mass of the A component.
The aqueous hydroxyl acrylic dispersion and the aqueous polyurethane dispersion in the invention refer to dispersions which do not contain an emulsifier, have semitransparent appearances and can be prepared by an internal emulsification or self-emulsification method.
As a preferable technical scheme, the pH values of the aqueous hydroxy acrylic emulsion and the aqueous hydroxy acrylic dispersion are 7.5-10; preferably 8 to 10. Applicants have found that the storage stability of the aqueous coating is facilitated by controlling the pH of the aqueous hydroxyacrylic emulsion and the aqueous hydroxyacrylic dispersion to be in the range of 7.5 to 10.
As a preferable technical scheme, the hydroxyl value of the water-based hydroxyl acrylic emulsion and the water-based hydroxyl acrylic dispersion is 20-100 mgKOH/g; further, the hydroxyl value is 20 to 60mgKOH/g, and more preferably, the hydroxyl value is 30 to 40 mgKOH/g.
The term "hydroxyl number" as used herein means a physical quantity that measures the hydroxyl content of the modified polyester resin structure and means the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) equivalent to the hydroxyl content of 1 gram of sample, which can be measured in a manner conventional in the art. Or the hydroxyl value of the modified polyester resin may alternatively be described in terms of hydroxyl group content, the conversion of hydroxyl group content to hydroxyl value being as follows: hydroxyl value (mgKOH/g) ═ hydroxyl content (wt%). 33.
Further, the Minimum Film Forming Temperature (MFFT) of the aqueous hydroxyacrylic emulsion and the aqueous hydroxyacrylic dispersion is not higher than 75 ℃; further preferably, the minimum film forming temperature is 35 to 75 ℃. Specifically, the minimum film forming temperature may be 35 ℃, 38 ℃, 40 ℃, 43 ℃, 45 ℃, 47 ℃, 50 ℃, 52 ℃, 55 ℃, 58 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃ or the like. Illustratively, the aqueous hydroxyacrylic dispersion is honeycomb 154-B0319, BURNOCK WKC-593-GZS; exemplary of the aqueous hydroxy acrylic emulsions are SEACRYL 11W01, BURNOCK ZDW-209, Neocryl XK-205, BURNOCK WD-551.
The aqueous hydroxyacrylic acid emulsion or aqueous hydroxyacrylic acid dispersion of the present invention does not have any particular requirement for its solid content (non-volatile content) and viscosity, and in some embodiments, its solid content may be 30% to 80% and its viscosity is 10 to 5000mpa.s (measured at 25 ℃).
Further, the aqueous hydroxy acrylic emulsion or aqueous hydroxy acrylic dispersion is high-solid low-viscosity resin, for example, the solid content is 60-80%, and the viscosity is 10-200 mPas. The applicant finds that by adopting the high-solid low-viscosity water-based hydroxyl acrylic emulsion or water-based hydroxyl acrylic dispersion, the use amount of deionized water in a system can be reduced to reach the construction standard, so that the drying speed of a paint film is increased.
The aqueous hydroxyl acrylic emulsion has good dispersity in an aqueous system, excellent compatibility with the aqueous polyurethane dispersion and other components, good wettability and stable chemical performance, so that a paint film formed by the aqueous coating has excellent substrate adhesion and interlayer adhesion, good surface smoothness, good silver powder arrangement, good matting property and good alcohol and chemical resistance.
As a preferable technical scheme, the pH value of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion is 7-9.5, and the lowest film forming temperature is not higher than 55 ℃.
Further, the minimum film forming temperature of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion is 25-55 ℃. Specifically, the minimum film forming temperature may be 25 ℃, 28 ℃, 30 ℃, 32 ℃, 35 ℃, 38 ℃, 40 ℃, 43 ℃, 45 ℃, 48 ℃, 50 ℃, 52 ℃, 54 ℃, 55 ℃ and the like. Illustratively, the aqueous polyurethane dispersion is SEAPUR 40G30, NeoRez R-972, NeoRez R-974, NeoRez R-987.
The solid content and viscosity of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion are not particularly limited, and in some embodiments, the solid content is 30 to 80% and the viscosity is 10 to 5000 mPas; further, the aqueous polyurethane dispersion is high-solid-content and low-viscosity aqueous polyurethane dispersion, for example, the solid content is 60-80%, and the viscosity is 10-200 mPas. The fineness of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion is less than 30 mu m. The applicant finds that the fineness, the minimum film-forming temperature and the like of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion can be optimally regulated and controlled, so that the aqueous polyurethane dispersion has good compatibility with a system and can be helpful for enhancing the substrate adhesion of a paint film formed by an aqueous coating.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the film-forming assistant is one or more selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, and dodecyl alcohol ester.
Further, the film-forming assistant is a mixture of dipropylene glycol methyl ether and dipropylene glycol butyl ether; further, the mass ratio of the dipropylene glycol methyl ether to the dipropylene glycol butyl ether is (1-3): (3-1); further, the mass ratio of the dipropylene glycol methyl ether to the dipropylene glycol butyl ether is 1: 1.
In the process of completing the invention, the applicant finds that the addition of a proper amount of film-forming auxiliary agent into the water-based film-forming resin can improve the compatibility of each component in the water-based paint, thereby improving the film-forming property of a paint film, reducing the lowest film-forming temperature of a system and improving the coalescence property of the system. In addition, the applicant also finds that the film forming auxiliary agent in the system is used in an excessively small amount, so that a paint film is not compact enough and has poor quality; while too much amount results in long drying time of the paint film, low production efficiency and reduced paint film properties (hardness, water resistance, alcohol resistance).
The content of the film-forming additive in the component A raw material (calculated by 100% of the component A) is 5-20%, and the content is more preferably 5-15%. The content of the film-forming aid is 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 14%, 14.5%, 15%, etc.
The type of the wetting agent is not particularly limited in the present invention, and in some embodiments, one or more of polyether siloxane polymer, modified polyester, organic modified siloxane, and phosphate ester is used as the wetting agent. In some embodiments, the content of the wetting agent is 0.1-1% (based on 100% of the mass fraction of the A component); further, the content is 0.3 to 1%, and for example, the content may be 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, or the like. The wetting agent in the present invention may be used in the related products on the market, including but not limited to Tego wet 270, Surfynol 104PA, etc. The applicant finds that the surface tension of the coating can be effectively reduced by adding a proper amount of the wetting agent into the system and utilizing the synergistic effect of the wetting agent and the components of the coating, the wettability between the coating and a base material and the pore-entering performance of the coating are further improved, and the fine, round and smooth paint film surface can be obtained.
The kind of the thickener is not particularly limited in the present invention, and in some embodiments, the thickener is at least one of non-associative alkali swelling thickener, polyether polyurethane associative rheological aid, cellulose thickener, and inorganic thickener. The content thereof is 0.3 to 3% (based on 100% by mass of the component A), and further, 0.3 to 2%, and for example, the content thereof may be 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%. The thickeners of the present invention may be employed in commercially relevant products including, but not limited to, Rheolate299, Rheovis PU 1331, for example.
The type of the defoaming agent is not particularly limited in the present invention, and in some embodiments, the defoaming agent is one or more of a higher alcohol defoaming agent, a polyether defoaming agent, a silicone defoaming agent, a polyether modified silicon defoaming agent, a polysiloxane defoaming agent, and a self-emulsifying defoaming agent. The content thereof is 0.1 to 1% (based on 100% by mass of the A component), and further, the content thereof is 0.2 to 0.5%, and for example, the content thereof may be 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, and the like.
As a preferable technical scheme, the raw material of the component A can also comprise 1-8 wt% of water-based pigment; the water-based pigment is selected from one or more of water-based aluminum paste, matting powder, water-based color paste and pearl powder. For example, in order to endow the paint film with appearance effects of color and metal texture, 0.5-5% of water-based aluminum silver paste and less than 2% of water-based color paste can be selected as the pigment, and 0.5-1% of matting powder can be added, wherein the water-based aluminum silver paste endows the paint film with metal texture, the water-based color paste endows the paint film with different colors, and the matting powder can adjust the glossiness of the paint film to be matte.
The preparation method of the water-based PU coating is not particularly limited in the invention, and the water-based PU coating can be prepared by mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, and in some embodiments, a paint film is prepared as follows:
adding aqueous film-forming resin into a mixing tank, stirring and adding a mixed solution of water and a film-forming auxiliary agent, then respectively and slowly adding a defoaming agent, a wetting agent and a thickening agent, finally adding a proper amount of aqueous pigment, uniformly stirring, and filtering to remove impurity particles to obtain a component A; a, B components are mixed according to the designed proportion before use to obtain the water-based two-component coating; adjusting the viscosity to 15-30s (Zahn #3 cup at 23-25 ℃), coating the mixture on an ABS, PS, HIPS, PC or PMMA plastic substrate by using an air spray gun, leveling the wet film for 3-5min at room temperature, and baking the wet film for 20-25min at 60-65 ℃ to obtain a paint film with the thickness of 10-15 mu m.
The water-based hydroxyl acrylic emulsion is selected to be matched with a mixture formed by the water-based polyurethane dispersion and/or the water-based hydroxyl acrylic dispersion, or the water-based hydroxyl acrylic dispersion is singly used and is reasonably matched with other components, water is gradually removed in the film forming process, and the water-based hydroxyl acrylic emulsion or the water-based hydroxyl acrylic dispersion and a curing agent are subjected to a cross-linking reaction to form a compact network structure, so that the obtained paint film is particularly suitable for ABS, PS, HIPS, PC and PMMA plastic substrates, has good adaptability to the material surface and good adhesive force, and solves the problem of the adhesive force of water-based paint on the plastic substrates; the coating is mainly an aqueous system, is safe in production and use processes, takes water as a diluent, has the advantages of low toxicity, low pollution, extremely low VOC (volatile organic compounds) emission and the like, and accords with various environmental protection laws and regulations; meanwhile, the paint is reasonably prepared from the components, so that the drying speed of a paint film is increased, the cured paint has excellent performance and better water resistance, wear resistance and chemical resistance; in addition, the coating can be colored by different color pastes, and better decorative performance is provided for the substrate while the performance is not influenced.
The second aspect of the invention provides a coating process, wherein the water-based PU paint is used as a primer and matched with UV paint to form a coating system. For example, the UV paint may be an aqueous UV varnish, and includes, by 100% by mass, an aqueous polyurethane acrylic emulsion (45-80%), an aqueous polyurethane dispersion (10-30%), a photoinitiator (0.5-3%), deionized water (5-20%), and a small amount of additives (at least one of a wetting agent, a defoaming agent, and a thickener).
Which comprises the following steps:
the preparation of the water-based PU coating comprises the following steps: adding aqueous film-forming resin into a mixing tank, stirring and adding a mixed solution of water and a film-forming auxiliary agent, then respectively adding a defoaming agent, a wetting agent and a thickening agent, stirring uniformly, and filtering to remove impurity particles to obtain a component A raw material; mixing the component A raw material and the component B raw material to obtain a water-based two-component coating;
preparation of the waterborne PU paint film: adjusting the viscosity of the water-based PU coating to 15-30s by using deionized water, coating the water-based PU coating on the surface of a base material, leveling the wet film at room temperature for 3-5min, and baking the wet film at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ for 20-25min to obtain a water-based PU paint film with the thickness of 10-15 mu m;
preparing a UV varnish layer: coating a layer of UV varnish on the cured water-based PU paint film, baking for 7-10 min at 55-60 ℃, and then adopting 800-1000mj/cm2Curing the paint film into a 15-20 mu m paint film under energy, and then baking the paint film for 3.5-5h at the temperature of 75-80 ℃ to finish the coating process.
According to the coating process, the water resistance of a paint film is improved through the components and the proportion, and the adhesion can reach 0 grade (more than or equal to 4B) after the paint film is subjected to a boiling resistance test at 80 ℃ by 1H and 100 ℃ by 40 min; the paint has good adhesion to base materials, good metal effect, reduced temperature and time required by surface drying (infrared baking at 60-65 ℃ for 20-25 minutes), and good construction property.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the water-based PU coating and the coating process, the components such as the specific water-based hydroxyl acrylic emulsion, the water-based polyurethane dispersoid, the water-based hydroxyl acrylic dispersoid and the like are adopted, and the components interact with each other to ensure that the water-based PU coating has good dispersity in a water-based system, excellent compatibility with each component in the system, good wettability and stable chemical property, so that a paint film formed by the water-based PU coating has excellent base material adhesion and interlayer adhesion, good surface smoothness, good silver powder arrangement, better extinction property and good alcohol resistance and chemical resistance.
Detailed Description
The aqueous PU coatings in the following examples and comparative examples were obtained by adding the given raw materials of component A to a water-dispersible isocyanate curing agent based on hexamethylene diisocyanate and mixing them uniformly in a mass ratio of 20: 1. Then, the viscosity of the obtained water-based PU coating is adjusted to 15s, and the water-based PU coating is coated on a PC substrate and baked at 60 ℃ for 20min to prepare a water-based paint film with the thickness of 15 mu m. Then coating UV (ultraviolet) clear paint on the cured water-based PU paint filmBaking the paint at 55 ℃ for 10 minutes for full drying and leveling, and adopting 800-1000mj/cm2Curing the mixture into a paint film with the thickness of 20 mu m under energy, and baking the paint film for 4 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ after finishing coating to finish the preparation of the final paint film. The UV paint comprises, by 100% mass fraction, 70% of aqueous polyurethane acrylic emulsion, 15% of aqueous polyurethane acrylic dispersion, 3% of photoinitiator, 10% of deionized water, 0.3% of wetting agent, 0.3% of defoaming agent and 1.4% of thickening agent.
The following tables 1 and 2 show the raw material formulations of the component A in the aqueous PU coatings in the examples and comparative examples:
wherein, the honeycomb 154-B0319 (aqueous hydroxy acrylic acid dispersoid, PH: 8.1; hydroxyl group content: 1.8% (60 mgKOH/g; viscosity: 200 Mpa.s));
seacryl 11W01 (aqueous hydroxy acrylic emulsion, pH: 9; MFFT: 48 ℃; viscosity: 10-200MPa. s; hydroxyl content: 1% (33 mgKOH/g));
SEAPUR 40G30 (aqueous polyurethane dispersion, pH 8; MFFT: 30 ℃; viscosity: 10-200 MPa.s);
neocryl XK-540 (aqueous hydroxyacrylic acid emulsion, pH 7.5; MFFT: 5 ℃; hydroxyl group content: 4.2% (138.6 mgKOH/g)).
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The applicant carried out the surface dry testing of aqueous PU paint films on the samples of the above examples and comparative examples, with the following test conditions: at 60 ℃, the surface of the paint film is touched by fingers, the viscosity disappears, and the time (min) required for the paint film not to stick to hands is measured.
The test results are shown in Table 3 below
TABLE 3
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Time to surface dry (min) | 20 | 25 | 16 | 16 | 70 | 40 |
In addition, the applicant carries out tests such as adhesion and the like on the coated paint film, and the specific test method is as follows:
adhesion force: the test was performed according to the conventional one hundred squares method.
Water resistance: respectively placing in 80 deg.C water bath for 60min at a rate of 120min/100 deg.C boiling water bath, taking out, standing for 30min, and testing adhesive force of treated water at different temperatures.
Pencil hardness: and marking a straight line of 3-5cm on the surface of the paint film to be detected by adopting a Mitsubishi Uni pencil at an angle of 45 degrees and a load of 500gf, observing the damage condition of the surface of the paint film, wherein the pencil hardness is the paint film hardness when the paint film has no obvious scratch.
Alcohol rub test: wetting 4 layers of cotton cloth by using 95% alcohol, carrying out reciprocating friction at a load of 500gf/cm and a distance of 5cm, counting once to and fro, measuring the times of the friction of paint film depainting and color change, wherein the more times of the friction until the paint film is depainted and color change, the better the wear resistance of the paint film is; further, the color fastness of the rubbing cloth is tested according to DIN EN 20105-A03 standard, the color fastness is more than or equal to 4, which shows that the color of the rubbing cloth (material for rubbing) is not visually different before and after the test, and the phenomena of color loss and blooming do not exist. After 150 times of alcohol rubbing test, the phenomenon of bottom exposure does not occur, and the color fastness of the rubbing cloth is more than or equal to 4, so that the water-based paint film has excellent alcohol wiping resistance. .
RCA paper tape friction test: and (3) counting the number of times of rubbing through the paint film by adopting an RCA wear tester (RCA-7-IBB) and a load of 175g and rotating the paper tape for one circle, wherein the more times of rubbing to expose the bottom, the better the wear resistance of the paint film. No bottom exposure phenomenon exists after 150 RCA tests, and the water-based paint film has excellent wear resistance.
The results of the above tests are shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4
From the above experimental results, it can be seen that the water-based PU paint of the invention dries quickly, and within half an hour, and the water-based coating paint film of the practical water-based PU paint has excellent adhesive force on plastics, the adhesive force can reach 0 grade, and has good water resistance, and the adhesive force still keeps 0 grade after being treated at 80 ℃ and 100 ℃ for a period of time. In addition, the water-based coating paint film has excellent performances such as wear resistance and alcohol resistance, does not have the phenomenon of base material bottom exposure after RCA paper tape friction test and 95% alcohol wetting 4 layers of cotton cloth wiping, and is particularly suitable for being applied to the field of digital products such as a mouse, a keyboard, a notebook computer and the like.
Claims (10)
1. The water-based PU coating is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass (10-20): 1, a component A raw material and a component B raw material; the component B is at least one of a poly-thiol type curing agent, an isocyanate type curing agent, an aliphatic amine curing agent, a modified amine curing agent and a polyamide curing agent; the component A comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass of 100 percent of the component A:
the balance of water;
the aqueous film-forming resin includes an aqueous hydroxyacrylic acid emulsion and/or an aqueous hydroxyacrylic acid dispersion.
2. The aqueous PU coating according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the aqueous hydroxyacrylic emulsion and the aqueous hydroxyacrylic dispersion is 7.5 to 10, and the particle diameter of the aqueous hydroxyacrylic dispersion is not more than 0.1 μm.
3. The aqueous PU coating according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyl value of the aqueous hydroxyl acrylic emulsion and the aqueous hydroxyl acrylic dispersion is 20 to 100 mgKOH/g.
4. The aqueous PU coating according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the aqueous hydroxyacrylic emulsion and the aqueous hydroxyacrylic dispersion is 10 to 5000mPa.s at 25 ℃.
5. The aqueous PU coating according to claim 1, wherein the minimum film forming temperature of the aqueous hydroxyacrylic emulsion and the aqueous hydroxyacrylic dispersion is not higher than 75 ℃.
6. The aqueous PU coating according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the aqueous film-forming resin comprises an aqueous hydroxy acrylic emulsion, it further comprises an aqueous polyurethane dispersion and/or an aqueous hydroxy acrylic dispersion, and the particle diameter of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion is not more than 30 μm.
7. The aqueous PU coating according to claim 6, wherein the aqueous polyurethane dispersion has a pH of 7 to 9.5 and a minimum film-forming temperature of not higher than 55 ℃.
8. The waterborne PU coating of claim 1, wherein the coalescent is selected from one or more of diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, and lauryl alcohol esters.
9. The water-based PU coating of claim 1, wherein the raw material of the component A further comprises 1-8 wt% of a water-based pigment; the water-based pigment is selected from one or more of water-based aluminum paste, matting powder, water-based color paste and pearl powder.
10. A coating process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparation of the aqueous PU coating according to any one of claims 1 to 9: adding aqueous film-forming resin into a mixing tank, stirring and adding a mixed solution of water and a film-forming auxiliary agent, then respectively adding a defoaming agent, a wetting agent and a thickening agent, stirring uniformly, and filtering to remove impurity particles to obtain a component A raw material; mixing the component A raw material and the component B raw material to obtain a water-based two-component coating;
preparation of the waterborne PU paint film: adjusting the viscosity of the water-based PU coating to 15-30s by using deionized water, coating the water-based PU coating on the surface of a base material, leveling the wet film at room temperature for 3-5min, and baking the wet film at 60-65 ℃ for 20-25min to obtain a water-based PU paint film with the thickness of 10-15 mu m;
preparing a UV varnish layer: coating a layer of UV varnish on the cured water-based PU paint film, baking for 7-10 min at 55-60 ℃, and then adopting 800-plus 1000mj/cm2Curing into a paint film with the thickness of 15-20 mu m under energy, and then baking for 3.5-5h under the condition of 75-80 ℃ to finish the coating process.
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