CN114539692B - Carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene, preparation method thereof and sealing element - Google Patents

Carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene, preparation method thereof and sealing element Download PDF

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CN114539692B
CN114539692B CN202210125803.4A CN202210125803A CN114539692B CN 114539692 B CN114539692 B CN 114539692B CN 202210125803 A CN202210125803 A CN 202210125803A CN 114539692 B CN114539692 B CN 114539692B
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polytetrafluoroethylene
carbon nanohorn
modified
carbon
powder
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CN114539692A (en
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朱巧思
郭建强
李炯利
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Beijing Graphene Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Beijing Graphene Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C08K3/044—Carbon nanohorns or nanobells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of polytetrafluoroethylene modification, in particular to carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene, a preparation method thereof and a sealing element. The carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene comprises polytetrafluoroethylene and carbon nanohorns dispersed in the polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the mass percentage of the carbon nanohorns is 3% -10%. The carbon nanohorn with the multi-dimensional characteristic is selected as the filler, so that the modification effect of various composite fillers is achieved, the tribological performance of the modified PTFE is improved, and the wear rate and the friction coefficient of the modified PTFE material can be reduced simultaneously.

Description

Carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene, preparation method thereof and sealing element
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polytetrafluoroethylene modification, in particular to carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene, a preparation method thereof and a sealing element.
Background
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is widely used in many fields as a special engineering plastic, and has good acid and alkali resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, and weather resistance. Most importantly, the friction coefficient of PTFE is low compared with other materials, and the PTFE is a self-lubricating material with excellent performance and can be used as a good sealing material. But PTFE has poor wear resistance, easy loss and short service life, which greatly restricts wider application. At present, three friction modification modes of PTFE are mainly filling modification, blending modification and surface modification, wherein the filling modification is the most commonly used modification mode due to low modification cost and relatively mature technology. However, the modification effect of the traditional fillers such as bronze powder, carbon fiber, glass fiber and graphite cannot be reduced while the friction coefficient and the abrasion rate are simultaneously reduced, the purpose of improving the performance of the other aspect is often achieved by losing the performance of one aspect, and the mechanical properties of the modified PTFE are commonAnd will drop. Graphene and nano Al 2 O 3 Nano SiO 2 The novel nano-filler has the advantages that the novel nano-filler has the problems of uneven dispersion and easy agglomeration in the PTFE matrix, the preparation method of most nano-fillers is complex, the cost is high, and the modification effect has no excessive advantages compared with the traditional filler.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the carbon nano angle modified polytetrafluoroethylene, the preparation method thereof and the sealing element, wherein the carbon nano angle modified polytetrafluoroethylene can simultaneously reduce friction coefficient and wear rate.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:
the invention relates to carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises polytetrafluoroethylene and carbon nanohorns dispersed in the polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the mass percentage of the carbon nanohorns in the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene is 3-10%.
Optionally, the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene as described above, wherein the mass percentage of the carbon nanohorn in the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene is 3% -8%.
Optionally, the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene as described above, wherein the particle size of the carbon nanohorn is 20nm to 400nm.
Alternatively, the carbon nanohorn-modified polytetrafluoroethylene as described above, which has an average particle diameter of 2 μm to 10 μm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises the steps of pressing and sintering the mixed powder of the polytetrafluoroethylene and the carbon nanohorn.
Optionally, in the method for preparing carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene as described above, the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is dried at 23 to 25 ℃ in advance before the mixed powder is formed.
Optionally, the preparation method of the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene is as described above, wherein the pressing method is cold pressing, and the pressure of the cold pressing is 27-37 MPa.
Optionally, the preparation method of the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene is as described above, wherein the sintering temperature is 380-385 ℃.
The invention also relates to a sealing element which comprises the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene.
Optionally, as described above, the sealing element is an O-ring or a profiled sealing element.
The research shows that the basic reason of poor wear resistance of the polytetrafluoroethylene material is that the molecular chain is a linear molecular chain and is free of branched chains, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene material is extremely easy to be peeled off in a large area under the action of shearing force when being subjected to opposite grinding. Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs) are formed by self-assembly of thousands of single-wall conical carbon tubes, and the carbon tubes can play a role in stabilizing and fixing PTFE macromolecular chains which are easy to slide, so that the sliding of the molecular chains is limited. The tip of the carbon nano angular cone-shaped carbon tube is provided with a cap peak structure, and fullerene-like curved surface structures are distributed on the tip of the cap peak structure, so that the polished modified PTFE material is easier to be adhered to the surface of a polished object to form a transfer film in the polishing process, thereby playing a role in wear resistance. In addition, the carbon nano-angle core is formed by a graphene lamellar layer with a short-range disorder, has an ultra-large specific surface area, and can stably adsorb and coat PTFE molecular chains, so that the pumping-off of the PTFE molecular chains by a grinding material is slowed down during grinding, and a good wear-resisting effect is achieved. In conclusion, the carbon nanohorn with the multi-dimensional characteristic is selected as the filler, so that the modification effect of various composite fillers is achieved, the tribological property of the modified PTFE is improved, and the wear rate and the friction coefficient of the modified PTFE material can be reduced.
Detailed Description
Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are described below. Each example is provided by way of explanation, not limitation, of the invention. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment.
Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention cover such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Other objects, features and aspects of the present invention will be disclosed in or be apparent from the following detailed description. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Except where shown or otherwise indicated in the operating examples, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, physical and chemical properties, and so forth, used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". For example, therefore, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the foregoing specification and attached claims are approximations that can be varied appropriately by those skilled in the art utilizing the teachings disclosed herein seeking to obtain the desired properties. The use of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers subsumed within that range and any range within that range, e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, and the like.
The invention relates to carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises polytetrafluoroethylene and carbon nanohorns dispersed in the polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the mass percentage of the carbon nanohorns is 3% -10%.
It has been found that the fundamental reason for the poor wear resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene materials is that the molecular chains are linear and unbranched, which results in a large area of the polytetrafluoroethylene material being extremely susceptible to flaking under the action of shear forces during counter-milling.
Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs) are formed by self-assembly of thousands of single-wall conical carbon tubes, and the carbon tubes can play a role in stabilizing and fixing PTFE macromolecular chains which are easy to slide, so that the sliding of the molecular chains is limited. The tip of the carbon nano angular cone-shaped carbon tube is provided with a cap peak structure, and fullerene-like curved surface structures are distributed on the tip of the cap peak structure, so that the polished modified PTFE material is easier to be adhered to the surface of a polished object to form a transfer film in the polishing process, thereby playing a role in wear resistance. In addition, the carbon nano-angle core is formed by a graphene lamellar layer with a short-range disorder, has an ultra-large specific surface area, and can stably adsorb and coat PTFE molecular chains, so that the pumping-off of the PTFE molecular chains by a grinding material is slowed down during grinding, and a good wear-resisting effect is achieved.
In conclusion, the carbon nanohorn with the characteristics of multiple dimensions (zero dimension, one dimension and two dimensions) is selected as the filler, so that the modified effect of various composite fillers is achieved, the tribological performance of the modified PTFE is improved, and the wear rate and the friction coefficient of the modified PTFE material can be reduced simultaneously.
In some embodiments, the mass percent of carbon nanohorns may also be 3.5%, 4%, 5%, 5.2%, 5.8%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, etc. Preferably, the mass percentage of the carbon nanohorn is 3% -8%. More preferably, the carbon nanohorn is 5% by mass.
In some embodiments, the particle size of the carbon nanohorn is not limited to a large extent, and may be, for example, 20nm to 400nm, or 80nm, 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 220nm, 250nm, 280nm, 300nm, 350nm, 380nm, etc., as long as it can be uniformly mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
In some embodiments, the average particle size of polytetrafluoroethylene is not limited, and may be, for example, 2 μm to 10 μm, or 3 μm, 5 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, or the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises the steps of pressing and sintering mixed powder of polytetrafluoroethylene and carbon nanohorn.
In some embodiments, the method of making further comprises the step of making carbon nanohorns, wherein carbon is madeThe nanohorn method may be any known method in the art, and may be, for example, CO 2 Laser evaporation, arc discharge, joule heating, and the like. In a specific embodiment, the steps for preparing the carbon nanohorn by arc discharge method are as follows:
and taking a graphite rod as an electrode, taking inert gas as buffer gas, regulating the buffer gas pressure in the reaction chamber to be 0.15-0.35 MPa, regulating the distance between the cathode and the anode to be kept between 1mm and 2mm, and performing direct current arc discharge.
In some embodiments, the higher the purity of the graphite rod, the better, preferably the purity of the graphite rod is greater than or equal to 99.99%.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the graphite rod is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art will be able to select according to the specific circumstances, for example, the graphite rod diameter may be 6mm to 15mm.
In some embodiments, the voltage and current of the dc arc discharge may be selected from any parameters commonly used in the art, for example, the voltage may independently be any value between 25V and 35V, and the current may independently be any value between 100A and 120A.
In some embodiments, the inert gas may be argon, helium, nitrogen, or the like.
In some embodiments, the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is pre-dried prior to forming the mixed powder to avoid forming lumps. Wherein the temperature and time of drying may be within parameters commonly used in the art. The drying temperature can be independently 23-25 ℃, and the drying time can be independently 24-28 h.
In some embodiments, the method of pressing may be cold pressing, which may have a pressure of 27MPa to 37MPa.
In some embodiments, the sintering temperature may be 380 ℃ to 385 ℃.
The invention also relates to a sealing element which comprises the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene.
In some embodiments, the seal may be an O-ring seal or a profiled seal.
The following is a further detailed description of specific examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
97g of PTFE powder with the average particle diameter of 2-10 mu m is placed for 24 hours at the temperature of 23-25 ℃;
2) Preparation of carbon nanohorn
Graphite rod (purity is greater than or equal to 99.99%, diameter is 6-15 mm) is used as electrode (cathode and anode), argon is used as buffer gas, buffer gas pressure in the reaction chamber is regulated to be 0.15-0.35 MPa, direct current arc discharge is carried out in a water-cooled stainless steel chamber, discharge current is 110A, and voltage is 30V. The cathode is continuously rotated to keep a constant distance of about 1mm to 2mm between the cathode and the anode until the discharge is finished. In the discharging process, the anode graphite rod is continuously consumed to generate powder, and finally the powder at the upper part of the reaction chamber is collected to obtain carbon nanohorn powder with the average particle diameter of 50 nm;
3) Preparation of carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene
3g of the carbon nanohorn produced in step 2) were mechanically mixed with the PTFE powder in step 1). And then placing the mixed powder into a steel mold, cold-pressing under 27MPa to obtain a prefabricated part, and then placing the prefabricated part into a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) part.
Example 2
The preparation method of this example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that: the mass of the carbon nanohorn was 5g, and the mass of the PTFE powder was 95g. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
95g of PTFE powder with the average particle diameter of 2-10 mu m is placed for 24 hours at the temperature of 23-25 ℃;
2) Preparation of carbon nanohorn
Graphite rod (purity is greater than or equal to 99.99%, diameter is 6-15 mm) is used as electrode (cathode and anode), argon is used as buffer gas, buffer gas pressure in the reaction chamber is regulated to be 0.15-0.35 MPa, direct current arc discharge is carried out in a water-cooled stainless steel chamber, discharge current is 110A, and voltage is 30V. The cathode is continuously rotated to keep a constant distance of about 1mm to 2mm between the cathode and the anode until the discharge is finished. In the discharging process, the anode graphite rod is continuously consumed to generate powder, and finally the powder at the upper part of the reaction chamber is collected to obtain carbon nanohorn powder with the average particle diameter of 50 nm;
3) Preparation of carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene
Taking 5g of the carbon nanohorn prepared in the step 2) and mechanically mixing with the PTFE powder in the step 1). And then placing the mixed powder into a steel mold, cold-pressing under 27MPa to obtain a prefabricated part, and then placing the prefabricated part into a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) part.
Example 3
The preparation method of this example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that: the mass of the carbon nanohorn was 8g, and the mass of the PTFE powder was 92g. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
92g of PTFE powder with the average particle diameter of 2-10 mu m is placed for 24 hours at the temperature of 23-25 ℃;
2) Preparation of carbon nanohorn
Graphite rod (purity is greater than or equal to 99.99%, diameter is 6-15 mm) is used as electrode (cathode and anode), argon is used as buffer gas, buffer gas pressure in the reaction chamber is regulated to be 0.15-0.35 MPa, direct current arc discharge is carried out in a water-cooled stainless steel chamber, discharge current is 110A, and voltage is 30V. The cathode is continuously rotated to keep a constant distance of about 1mm to 2mm between the cathode and the anode until the discharge is finished. In the discharging process, the anode graphite rod is continuously consumed to generate powder, and finally the powder at the upper part of the reaction chamber is collected to obtain carbon nanohorn powder with the average particle diameter of 50 nm;
3) Preparation of carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene
8g of the carbon nanohorn produced in step 2) was mechanically mixed with the PTFE powder in step 1). And then placing the mixed powder into a steel mold, cold-pressing under 27MPa to obtain a prefabricated part, and then placing the prefabricated part into a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) part.
Example 4
The preparation method of this example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that: the mass of the carbon nanohorn was 10g, and the mass of the PTFE powder was 90g. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
90g of PTFE powder with the average particle diameter of 2-10 mu m is placed for 24 hours at the temperature of 23-25 ℃;
2) Preparation of carbon nanohorn
Graphite rod (purity is greater than or equal to 99.99%, diameter is 6-15 mm) is used as electrode (cathode and anode), argon is used as buffer gas, buffer gas pressure in the reaction chamber is regulated to be 0.15-0.35 MPa, direct current arc discharge is carried out in a water-cooled stainless steel chamber, discharge current is 110A, and voltage is 30V. The cathode is continuously rotated to keep a constant distance of about 1mm to 2mm between the cathode and the anode until the discharge is finished. In the discharging process, the anode graphite rod is continuously consumed to generate powder, and finally the powder at the upper part of the reaction chamber is collected to obtain carbon nanohorn powder with the average particle diameter of 50 nm;
3) Preparation of carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene
10g of the carbon nanohorn produced in step 2) was mechanically mixed with the PTFE powder in step 1). And then placing the mixed powder into a steel mold, cold-pressing under 27MPa to obtain a prefabricated part, and then placing the prefabricated part into a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) part.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example was substantially identical to the preparation method of example 2, except that: no carbon nanohorn was added. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
100g of PTFE powder with the average particle diameter of 2-10 mu m is placed for 24 hours at the temperature of 23-25 ℃;
2) Preparation of polytetrafluoroethylene material
100g of PTFE powder is placed in a steel mold and is pressed under 27MPa in a cold way to obtain a prefabricated part, and then the prefabricated part is placed in a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE article.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was substantially identical to the preparation method of example 2, except that: the mass of the carbon nanohorn was 2g, and the mass of the PTFE powder was 98g. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
98g of PTFE powder with an average particle diameter of 2-10 mu m is placed for 24 hours at the temperature of 23-25 ℃;
2) Preparation of carbon nanohorn
Graphite rod (purity is greater than or equal to 99.99%, diameter is 6-15 mm) is used as electrode (cathode and anode), argon is used as buffer gas, buffer gas pressure in the reaction chamber is regulated to be 0.15-0.35 MPa, direct current arc discharge is carried out in a water-cooled stainless steel chamber, discharge current is 110A, and voltage is 30V. The cathode is continuously rotated to keep a constant distance of about 1mm to 2mm between the cathode and the anode until the discharge is finished. In the discharging process, the anode graphite rod is continuously consumed to generate powder, and finally the powder at the upper part of the reaction chamber is collected to obtain carbon nanohorn powder with the average particle diameter of 50 nm;
3) Preparation of carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene
2g of the carbon nanohorn produced in step 2) was mechanically mixed with the PTFE powder in step 1). And then placing the mixed powder into a steel mold, cold-pressing under 27MPa to obtain a prefabricated part, and then placing the prefabricated part into a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) part.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example was substantially identical to the preparation method of example 2, except that: the modified filler is graphene. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
95g of PTFE powder with the average particle diameter of 2-10 mu m is placed for 24 hours at the temperature of 23-25 ℃;
2) Preparation of graphene modified polytetrafluoroethylene
5g of graphene powder were mechanically mixed with the PTFE powder in step 1). And then placing the mixed powder into a steel mold, cold-pressing under 27MPa to obtain a prefabricated part, and then placing the prefabricated part into a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) part.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example was substantially identical to the preparation method of example 2, except that: the modified filler is a carbon nanotube. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
95g of PTFE powder with the average particle diameter of 2-10 mu m is placed for 24 hours at the temperature of 23-25 ℃;
2) Preparation of carbon nano tube modified polytetrafluoroethylene
5g of carbon nanotube powder was mechanically mixed with the PTFE powder of step 1). And then placing the mixed powder into a steel mold, cold-pressing under 27MPa to obtain a prefabricated part, and then placing the prefabricated part into a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) part.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example was substantially identical to the preparation method of example 2, except that: the modified filler is fullerene. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
95g of PTFE powder with the average particle diameter of 2-10 mu m is placed for 24 hours at the temperature of 23-25 ℃;
2) Preparation of fullerene modified polytetrafluoroethylene
5g of fullerene powder was mechanically mixed with the PTFE powder in step 1). And then placing the mixed powder into a steel mold, cold-pressing under 27MPa to obtain a prefabricated part, and then placing the prefabricated part into a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) part.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example was substantially identical to the preparation method of example 2, except that: the modified filler was 20g bronze powder and 5g graphite, and the mass of PTFE was 75g. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Polytetrafluoroethylene powder pretreatment
Placing 75g PTFE powder with an average particle size of 2-10 mu m at 23-25 ℃ for 24h;
2) Preparation of bronze powder/graphite modified polytetrafluoroethylene
20g bronze powder and 5g graphite powder were mechanically mixed with the PTFE powder of step 1). And then placing the mixed powder into a steel mold, cold-pressing under 27MPa to obtain a prefabricated part, and then placing the prefabricated part into a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering at 380 ℃ to obtain the modified PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) part.
The components and contents of each of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
PTFE(g) Modified filler (g)
Example 1 97 3 carbon nanohorn
Example 2 95 5 carbon nanohorn
Example 3 92 8 carbon nanohorn
Example 4 90 10 carbon nanohorn
Comparative example 1 100 -
Comparative example 2 98 2 carbon nanohorn
Comparative example 3 95 5 graphene
Comparative example 4 95 5 carbon nanotubes
Comparative example 5 95 5 Fullerene
Comparative example 6 75 20 bronze powder and 2 graphite
Note that: "-" means that the component is added in an amount of zero or no
The modified PTFE articles prepared in each of the examples and comparative examples were subjected to tribological property tests, and the test results are shown in Table 2:
1) Bearing steel ball is selectedThe polishing was performed with the products produced in each of examples and comparative examples, the steel ball was fixed on the sensor and brought into close contact with the surface of the test specimen, the test specimen was fixed on the test specimen and rotated with the test specimen, and the steel ball rotated on the surface of the test specimen and left a polishing mark under the principle of relative motion. The test selected rotational linear velocity was 200r/min, rotational radius was 3mm, and positive pressure (Fz) applied was 2N.
2) And testing the volume abrasion rate by using a NexView three-dimensional white light interferometry appearance instrument, and testing the friction coefficient by using a controllable environment friction abrasion instrument UMT.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the test results in Table 2, the modified PTFE articles prepared in examples 1 to 4 have overall better tribological properties than those of the modified PTFE articles prepared in comparative examples 1 to 6, i.e., the friction properties of the PTFE materials can be significantly improved by the lower content of carbon nanohorns, while the coefficient of friction and the volumetric wear rate can be reduced. The wear rate was reduced by 95% compared to example 2 and comparative example 1. The related test results of the embodiment 2 and the comparative examples 2-5 show that the modified PTFE is obviously better in tribological property than PTFE modified by graphene, carbon nano-tube and fullerene by selecting carbon nano-angle and regulating the content of the carbon nano-angle. From the results of the related tests of example 2 and comparative example 6, it is evident that the addition of a plurality of conventional fillers with high content can make the friction coefficient of the modified PTFE comparable to that of the carbon nanohorn modified PTFE, but the volume abrasion rate is still high.
The modified PTFE articles prepared in each of the examples and comparative examples were subjected to mechanical properties and density tests, and the test results are shown in Table 3:
the mechanical test comprises a tensile property test and a bending property test, and the test is carried out by adopting an INSTRONG universal tester. The tensile test standard implements national standard GB/T1040.1-2006, and the bending test implements national standard GB/T9341-2008.
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from the test results in table 3, the mechanical properties of PTFE modified with carbon nanohorns are improved and the density is lower than that of PTFE modified with unmodified PTFE or PTFE modified with other components.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. The carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene is characterized by comprising polytetrafluoroethylene and carbon nanohorns dispersed in the polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the carbon nanohorns account for 3-8% of the carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene by mass;
the carbon nanohorn is prepared by adopting an arc discharge method, and the arc discharge method comprises the following steps:
the graphite rod is used as an electrode, inert gas is used as buffer gas, the buffer gas pressure in the reaction chamber is regulated to be 0.15-0.35 MPa, the distance between the cathode and the anode is regulated to be kept between 1-2 mm, direct-current arc discharge is carried out, the voltage of the direct-current arc discharge is 25-35V, the current is 100-120A, the purity of the graphite rod is more than or equal to 99.99%, and the diameter of the graphite rod is 6-15 mm.
2. The carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene according to claim 1, wherein the particle diameter of the carbon nanohorn is 20nm to 400nm.
3. The carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene according to claim 1, wherein the polytetrafluoroethylene has an average particle diameter of 2 μm to 10 μm.
4. A method for producing the carbon nanohorn-modified polytetrafluoroethylene according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising compacting a mixed powder of the polytetrafluoroethylene and the carbon nanohorn, and sintering.
5. The method for producing carbon nanohorn-modified polytetrafluoroethylene according to claim 4, wherein the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is dried at 23 ℃ to 25 ℃ in advance before the mixed powder is formed.
6. The method for preparing carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene according to claim 4, wherein the pressing method is cold pressing, and the pressure of the cold pressing is 27-37 MPa.
7. The method for preparing carbon nanohorn modified polytetrafluoroethylene according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the sintering temperature is 380 ℃ to 385 ℃.
8. A sealing member comprising the carbon nanohorn-modified polytetrafluoroethylene according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
9. The seal of claim 8, wherein the seal is an O-ring seal or a profiled seal.
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