CN114535498A - Composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing materials of frozen sand mold - Google Patents
Composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing materials of frozen sand mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN114535498A CN114535498A CN202210243040.3A CN202210243040A CN114535498A CN 114535498 A CN114535498 A CN 114535498A CN 202210243040 A CN202210243040 A CN 202210243040A CN 114535498 A CN114535498 A CN 114535498A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/165—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents in the manufacture of multilayered shell moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C15/00—Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing materials of a frozen sand mold, and belongs to the crossing field of additive manufacturing and casting technologies. The method comprises the steps of feeding casting raw sand into a sand mixing device through a feeding machine, uniformly mixing the casting raw sand with a refrigerant, feeding the mixture into a sand paving device, and printing in a low-temperature forming chamber. The control system controls the sand paving device to pave molding sand according to the information of the section of the current layer of the printing sand mold, controls the multi-binder printing nozzle to spray water-based binder, freezes and solidifies the molding sand after the binder is contacted with the mixed sand to obtain the required sand mold, drives the milling device to mill the sand mold along the X axis and the Y axis, drives the platform to rise by one layer along the Z axis by the motor for each layer of milling, and finally completes the manufacturing of the sand mold. And finally, sand mold pouring is carried out, molten metal is poured and then is cooled and formed, and the sand mold absorbs heat to automatically melt shakeout sand to obtain a casting. The sand mold forming process is completed in a low-temperature forming chamber. The casting mold manufactured by the method has the characteristics of environmental protection, controllable shape and few defects, and realizes the integrated design of the sand mold.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the crossing field of additive manufacturing and casting technologies, and particularly relates to a composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing materials of a frozen sand mold.
Background
Foundry practice refers to the process of making products from molten alloy materials. The liquid alloy is poured into a pre-prepared mould and allowed to cool and solidify to obtain a blank or part of a given shape, size and properties, a process known as casting. The traditional casting process needs to manufacture a mould, so that the production processes are multiple, and the production period is long; the working environment has much dust, high temperature and high labor intensity.
Additive manufacturing technologies currently used in the casting field mainly include Stereolithography (SLA) based on laser technology, stacked entity fabrication (LOM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), three-dimensional printing (3 DP) based on droplet ejection technology, and Fuse Deposition Modeling (FDM) based on micro-flow extrusion technology. When the SLA, LOM, FDM and other processes are adopted to obtain the casting mold with a complex inner cavity structure, the molding process is difficult to operate. The rapid prototyping processes currently used for casting are SLA, SLS and 3 DP. SLA process cost is higher and resin type is less, is difficult to satisfy the demand of different preparation. The SLS process selectively sinters together material powders by high intensity laser irradiation to obtain a cross-section of the part and accumulates layer by layer. The process operation difficulty is high, the cost is high, and toxic gas is generated to pollute the environment. The 3DP process uses a print head composed of multiple nozzles to spray adhesive curing powder instead of sintering the curing powder by a laser. The 3DP process has the advantages of wide material types, low equipment operation cost, high forming speed, no toxic gas generated in the forming process, easy removal of redundant powder materials and recycling.
The additive manufacturing adopts high-energy beams to melt the powder material point by point layer by layer, the surface quality, the size and the shape precision of the additive workpiece are low, and the additive workpiece needs to be further processed by a material reducing process. After one or more layers of additive manufacturing, the part is machined to the designed size by a material reducing method, and the additive manufacturing and the material reducing processing are flexibly and alternately carried out until the part is machined, wherein the machining method is the additive material reducing manufacturing.
In the current technology, the development cost is high for the production of parts with complex geometric shapes; the production process adopts organic resin or other solution as a binder, so that the gas evolution of the casting mold is greatly increased, and harmful gas is generated in the casting process, so that the environment is easily polluted; meanwhile, the subsequent waste sand recovery process is difficult, the cost is high, and the environment is polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a composite manufacturing method for adding and subtracting materials of a frozen sand mold, and provides a composite forming device for adding and subtracting materials of the frozen sand mold. The method is suitable for producing parts with complex geometric shapes; the method saves wood or metal molds, shortens the manufacturing period of parts, and reduces the production cost; the water or the solution is used as the binder, and organic resin is not used, so that the large gas evolution in casting of the casting mould is avoided, and the quality of the casting is greatly improved. The water or solution has wide source and low price, and the waste sand is convenient to recover, thereby conforming to the modern green manufacturing concept.
A composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing materials of a frozen sand mold comprises the following concrete implementation steps:
(1) selecting proper casting sand types according to the characteristics of the castings;
(2) uniformly mixing the molding sand and the refrigerant in a sand mixing device according to a certain mass fraction;
(3) sending the mixed sand into a control device in a sand paving device to automatically pave molding sand; (4) the printing nozzle sprays adhesive to solidify the molding sand; (5) after the adhesive is sprayed, the motor drives the printing device to return to the original point; (6) the motor drives the milling device to mill the surface of the milling device; (7) freezing and solidifying to obtain an integrated sand blank, and pouring molten metal into the integrated sand blank; (8) and cooling and forming the metal liquid, absorbing heat by the frozen sand mold, automatically melting shakeout to obtain a casting, and recycling the molding sand.
Further, the molding sand material is quartz sand or non-quartz sand for casting, such as one or more of ceramsite sand, chromite sand, pickaxe quartz sand, limestone sand, corundum sand, magnesia, refractory clinker sand and olivine sand.
Further, the molding sand and the refrigerant are uniformly mixed according to the mass fraction of 1-10%; the liquid sprayed by the printing nozzle is water or aqueous solution, no harmful gas is generated, and the waste sand is automatically shaked and recycled after being used, so that the green casting concept is met.
Further, the environmental temperature of the sand blank is 0-40 ℃ lower than the freezing point, and the metal liquid is poured at the temperature.
A composite forming device for increasing and decreasing freezing sand mould materials comprises: the device comprises a lead screw component 3, a platform movement device 6, a sand paving device 5, a spraying device 1, a milling device 2 and a motor driving device 4, and is characterized in that the plane movement device comprises the motor driving device 4, the lead screw component 3 and a working head.
The motor driving device 4 drives the screw rod component 3 to drive the working head to move along the X axis and the Y axis; the working head is provided with an injection device 1 and a milling device 2, the milling cutter stops moving when the injection device 1 is started, and the injection device 1 stops injecting in the milling process of the milling cutter.
And when the milling device 2 drives the milling cutter to mill one layer, the platform moving device 6 controls the platform to ascend one layer along the Z axis until the operation of milling the sand mold is completed.
The method comprises the steps of firstly mixing molding sand and a refrigerant according to the proportion of 1% -10% by using a sand mixing device, then paving the molding sand by using a sand paving device, controlling a printing nozzle to spray water-based binder along an X axis and a Y axis by a motor, and returning the spraying device to the original point. And (3) milling the sand mold along an X axis and a Y axis by the motor control milling cutter, wherein each layer of the motor control platform is milled, and the motor control platform rises up along the Z axis, and finally milling is carried out to obtain a complete sand mold, wherein the sand mold forming process is completed in the low-temperature forming chamber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: and (4) paving the molding sand by using a sand paving device, and spraying the binder by using a printing spray head of the jet milling composite device. And milling the sand mold along an X axis and a Y axis by a milling cutter on the motor control compound device, finally completing sand mold molding, and curing the sand mold in a low-temperature molding chamber. The method saves wood or metal molds, shortens the manufacturing period of parts, and reduces the production cost; the water or the solution is used as the binder, and organic resin is not used, so that the large gas evolution in casting of the casting mould is avoided, and the quality of the casting is greatly improved. The water or solution has wide source and low price, and the waste sand is convenient to recover, thereby conforming to the modern green manufacturing concept.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the compound jet milling apparatus of the present invention;
the labels in the figure are respectively: 1. printing nozzle device, 2, milling unit, 3, lead screw subassembly, 4, motor drive, 5, sanding device, 6, platform telecontrol equipment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a freeze sand mold jet milling composite forming apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a casting obtained by composite molding of sand mold additive/subtractive materials according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1, in the composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing the material of the frozen sand mold of the embodiment, the molding sand can be quartz sand or non-quartz sand according to different requirements of castings, the mesh number can be 40/70, 50/100, 70/140 and 100/200, the binder can be water or aqueous solution, water-based binder is sprayed by a printing nozzle at 0-40 ℃ lower than the solidification point to be frozen and solidified to prepare a sand blank, a milling cutter performs surface milling on the sand mold along the X axis and the Y axis, and a motor control platform ascends layer by layer along the Z axis to finally form an integrated sand mold. The method of the invention is implemented as follows.
Step 1: according to the process requirement of the invention, the common casting silica sand with the granularity of 70/140 meshes is selected, and the raw sand and the refrigerant are mixed according to a certain mass fraction of 1-10%.
Step 2: and (3) feeding the uniformly mixed molding sand into a sand paving device, and controlling the sand paving device to print the molding sand layer by layer at the temperature of 0-40 ℃ lower than the freezing point.
And step 3: and (3) at the temperature of 0-40 ℃ lower than the solidifying point, laying a layer of molding sand to control the printing spray head to spray the binder, and freezing and solidifying the molding sand by contacting the binder and the mixed sand.
And 4, step 4: and closing the jetting device of the composite device after printing is finished and starting the milling device at the temperature of 0-40 ℃ lower than the freezing point.
And 5: and (4) milling the frozen molding sand along an X axis and a Y axis by using a milling device to control a milling cutter. And each layer of platform is milled and is lifted one layer along the Z-axis direction.
Step 6: and after a complete sand mold is milled, pouring molten metal liquid, cooling and forming the molten metal liquid, and automatically melting the shakeout sand by the aid of heat absorption of the frozen sand mold to obtain a casting, wherein the molding sand is recycled in an environment-friendly manner.
As shown in fig. 2, the printing and milling composite device for manufacturing the increasing and decreasing materials of the frozen sand mold according to the present embodiment includes a screw assembly 3, a platform moving device 6, a sand spreading device 5, a spraying device 1, a milling device 2, and a motor driving device 4.
The platform motion system comprises a working platform capable of moving along the Z axis, a motor lead screw assembly and a fixed base.
Further, the plane motion system comprises an X-axis motion system, a Y-axis motion system and a working head. The working head is shown in fig. 3.
Furthermore, an injection system and a milling system are installed on the working head, the milling cutter stops moving when the injection system is started, and the injection device stops injecting in the milling process of the milling cutter.
And further, the milling device drives the milling cutter to mill one layer each time, and the platform moving device controls the platform to ascend one layer along the Z axis until the sand mold milling operation is completed.
Further, a sand mold is designed, and a casting as shown in fig. 4 is obtained after injection milling and pouring according to the designed sand mold.
The above description is only an essential step of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and variations of the present invention may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features.
Claims (10)
1. A composite manufacturing method for increasing and decreasing materials of a frozen sand mold is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing the molding sand and the refrigerant in a sand mixer according to the mass part of 1-10%;
step 2: in a freezing environment, delivering the mixed sand into a sand paving device from a sand mixer, and controlling the sand paving device to lay the molding sand layer by layer;
and step 3: in a freezing environment, laying molding sand layer by layer, controlling a multi-binder printing device by a motor driving device to spray water-based binders along an X axis and a Y axis, and solidifying the molding sand by contacting the binders with the raw sand;
and 4, step 4: in a freezing environment, the printing device and the control platform return to the original point at the same time, and the motor drives the milling cutter to mill the sand mold, so that sand mold molding is finally completed;
and 5: and pouring molten metal liquid in a freezing environment, cooling and forming the molten metal liquid, absorbing heat by a freezing sand mold, automatically melting and shakeout to obtain a casting, and recycling the molding sand.
2. The method for compositely manufacturing a sand mold with additive and subtractive components for a frozen sand mold according to claim 1, wherein the molding sand is quartz sand or non-quartz sand for casting.
3. The composite manufacturing method of the frozen sand mold additive and subtractive material according to claim 1, wherein the freezing temperature of the low-temperature forming chamber is 0-40 ℃ lower than the freezing point, and the storage condition is frozen and sealed storage.
4. The composite manufacturing method of increasing and decreasing materials of a frozen sand mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the sand freezing and solidifying method is to control a printing nozzle to spray water-based binder in a low-temperature forming chamber, and the binder is contacted with the raw sand to play a solidifying effect.
5. The composite manufacturing method of increasing and decreasing materials of a frozen sand mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the sand mold preparation adopts 3D printing and non-molding manufacturing of an integrated sand mold.
6. The composite manufacturing method of increasing and decreasing materials of a frozen sand mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the casting environment is a freezing environment or a normal temperature environment.
7. A method for manufacturing a composite additive/subtractive frozen sand mold according to claim 1, wherein said molding sand is recovered by subjecting waste sand to room temperature or heated environment, and evaporating a surface solution.
8. A composite forming device for increasing and decreasing freezing sand mould materials comprises: the device comprises a screw rod assembly 3, a platform moving device 6, a sand paving device 5, a spraying device 1, a milling device 2 and a motor driving device 4.
9. A composite forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the plane movement means comprises a motor drive means 4, a lead screw assembly 3 and a working head; the motor driving device 4 drives the screw rod component 3 to drive the working head to move along the X axis and the Y axis; the working head is provided with an injection device 1 and a milling device 2, the milling cutter stops moving when the injection device 1 is started, and the injection device 1 stops injecting in the milling process of the milling cutter.
10. A composite forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the milling means 2 drives the mill one layer at a time, and the platform moving means 6 controls the platform to be raised one layer along the Z axis until the sand mould milling operation is completed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210209648 | 2022-03-03 | ||
| CN2022102096484 | 2022-03-03 |
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| CN114535498A true CN114535498A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116493609A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-07-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Combined sand mould additive manufacturing multi-material integrated sand paving device and method |
| US11945026B1 (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2024-04-02 | Nanjing University Of Aeronautics And Astronautics | Multi-path internal microporous efficient refrigeration method and device for frozen sand mold |
| WO2024093033A1 (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-path internally-microporous efficient refrigeration method and device for frozen sand mold |
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