CN114532264B - Staged pond culture method for improving pearl quality of pinctada maxima - Google Patents
Staged pond culture method for improving pearl quality of pinctada maxima Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
- A01K61/57—Pearl seeds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a staged pond culture method for improving pearl quality of pinctada martensii, which comprises the following steps: preparing a culture pond, manufacturing and placing a culture cage, performing nucleus planting operation and recuperation, and managing culture of pearl-growing shells, fertilizing the pond to culture palatable single-cell algae baits for large-pearl shells, adjusting the specific gravity of seawater to reach the optimal range of growth of the large-pearl shells, and manufacturing the culture cage with a separation layer to perform recuperation and pearl-growing of the large-pearl shells, so that good environmental conditions can be provided for postoperative recovery and pearl formation of the large-pearl shells, and the pearl-growing shells produced by pearl of the large-pearl shells by adopting the method have high nucleus-leaving and pearl-forming rate, strong pearl luster, good shape and large thickness of pearl layers, and can improve the pearl quality and the pearl-growing benefit of the large-pearl shells; the invention is suitable for nucleus planting and pearl culturing of the pinctada maxima, is easy to popularize and apply in pearl production enterprises and farmers, and has good social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a staged pond culture method for improving pearl quality of pinctada martensii.
Background
Pinctada maxima Jameson, including Gold lip shellfish and Silver lip shellfish, is distributed in tropical and subtropical waters such as Australia, philippines, indonesia, myanmar, and the like, and in the Leisha coastal, guangzi 2806464fyota peripheral waters, heisha peripheral waters, and Saisha islands, among others, in Guangdong. The nacre is an ideal pearl shellfish for cultivating high-quality south ocean pearl, the diameter of the produced south ocean pearl is usually more than 10mm, the pearl is the seawater pearl with the highest price at present, and the yield value accounts for more than 46 percent of the yield value of the whole seawater cultured pearl. The artificial breeding of the pinctada maxima is successful in 1970 and the cultivation of the free pearls is successful in 1981 in China. However, the large nacre breeding development in China is slow in more than 50 years, and the main reason is that the survival rate of the young seedlings in the sea area breeding period is low, so that the artificial breeding and proliferation and releasing of the large nacre are seriously influenced; secondly, the nucleus retaining and beading rate of the nucleus-implanted pearl oyster, namely the pearl oyster after the operation is low, the shape of the pearl is poor, and the luster is weak.
In order to break through the technical bottlenecks of low nucleus retaining and pearl forming rate, low proportion of round pearls, weak luster and the like of pearl culturing pearls of the pinctada maxima in the pearl culturing process. Liu Yong et al (2012) conducted free pearl culture technical studies from the aspects of nucleus implantation position, preoperative treatment, small piece making and the like of pinctada maxima. Schuishake et al (2013) used a first-generation mother shellfish bred from a large-sized mother shellfish introduced from Indonesia for nucleus-implanting and pearl-culturing. The nucleus-planting position, the pearl nucleus specification and the shellfish age of the pinctada maxima were studied by Lianlong et al (2015). The researches focus on the nucleus implanting operation link of the large nacre, but the recuperation mode of the pearl-breeding shell after the operation directly influences the nucleus retaining rate and the secretion of nacre of the pearl-breeding shell, thereby influencing the shape, luster and upper speed of the pearl; the breeding stage of the pearl-breeding shell needs long time and is easily influenced by the environmental conditions of the sea area, and the survival rate, the nucleus-remaining and pearl-forming rate and the pearl quality of the pearl-breeding shell are directly influenced by the correctness of the breeding mode. Therefore, the method for culturing the postoperative pearl shell is researched, and the survival rate, the nucleus-remaining and pearl-forming rate and the pearl quality of the pearl shell can be improved by adopting a scientific and reasonable culture method, so that the pearl culturing benefit is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method capable of improving the nucleus-remaining pearl rate and the pearl quality of the nucleus-implanted nacre of the nacre, aiming at the conditions of low nucleus-remaining pearl rate, poor pearl shape, weak luster and thin pearl layer of the nacre for the production of the nacre, has good economic and social benefits and can be used for nucleus-implanting and pearl culturing production of the nacre.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a staged pond culture method for improving the pearl quality of pinctada maxima comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an aquaculture pond: sterilizing the culture pond and treating rich water, regulating the specific gravity of seawater to 1.022-1.026, and regulating the concentration of unicellular algae in the pond to 1-1.3 ten thousand cells per milliliter;
(2) Placing a breeding cage: the breeding cage is placed into a pond and comprises a box-shaped cage body, a partition plate and a clamping ring, the box-shaped cage body is divided into 4-6 independent interlayers by the partition plate, the width of each interlayer is 5-8cm, the interlayers are used for placing big nacre operating shells, the clamping ring is arranged on 6 surfaces of the breeding cage and used for hanging the cage body on a breeding floating rope, and small holes are formed in plastic plates on the periphery of the box-shaped cage body and are convenient for water flow to pass through.
(3) Nuclear implantation surgery and recuperation: selecting healthy pinctada maxima to implant nucleus pinctada maxima and small cell shell, performing nucleus implantation operation according to a conventional method, placing the operated pinctada maxima in the interlayer of the culture cage manufactured in the step (2), installing one pinctada maxima at intervals, hanging the right shell of the operated pinctada maxima at the upper part and hanging the left shell at the lower part on the floating rope of the culture pond prepared in the step (1), and exchanging the front and back surfaces of the pinctada maxima at intervals to enable the implanted pinctada maxima to be uniformly stressed in the pinctada maxima until the rest period is finished;
(4) And (3) breeding management of the pearl shells: after the resting period is finished, the abdomen of the pearl culturing shell is hung upwards on a floating rope of the pond for culturing for a period of time and then is moved to a pearl culturing sea area for hanging culturing, and the culturing management of the pearl culturing shell is carried out according to the conventional method to obtain the pearl.
Preferably, the aquaculture pond in the step (1) is a pond with water inlet and outlet equipment, an area of 250-300 mu, a water depth of 5-6 m and a sand or gravel bottom.
Preferably, the culture pond in the step (1) is sterilized 15 to 20 days before the culture of the pearl culturing shell.
Preferably, the method for regulating the concentration of the unicellular algae in the step (1) comprises the following steps: putting 1000-2500 fries of the salangid fries with the body length of 4-7cm per mu, feeding artificial feed every other day after 7-10 days of fry putting, and keeping 1.0-1.3 ten thousand cells of unicellular algae per milliliter. When the concentration of the unicellular algae is lower than a set value, 300-500 ml of fermented fish juice, 0.1-0.3 g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1 g of sodium silicate are applied to each cubic water body, the fermented fish juice can maintain the fertility of seawater for a long time and keep the stable growth and reproduction of the unicellular algae; when the concentration of the unicellular algae is too high, the concentration of the unicellular algae is maintained within a set range by changing water.
Preferably, the method for adjusting the specific gravity of the seawater in the step (1) is natural evaporation, and when the specific gravity of the seawater in the pond is too high, the specific gravity of the seawater is maintained in a set range by changing water.
Preferably, the cultivation cage in the step (2) is made of polyethylene plastic.
Preferably, the box-shaped cage body is 30-35cm long, 14-17cm high and 14-17cm wide.
Preferably, the small holes in the step (2) are square holes with the width of 1-2cm and the length of 2-8cm or round holes with the diameter of 2-4 cm.
Preferably, the healthy large nacre in the step (3) is selected to be 18-24 months old, 12-16cm high in shell and intact without disease, the small cell pieces are selected to be 8-12 months old after preoperative treatment, the shell is more than 7cm high, the diameter of the pearl nucleus is 6.0-6.3mm, and one pearl nucleus is implanted into each pearl shell.
Preferably, the nuclear implantation operation in the step (3) is followed by rest, wherein the rest period is 45-60 days, and the clamping ring is replaced once every 12-15 days.
Preferably, the cultured pearl shells in the step (4) are cultured in ponds for 6 to 8 months and in sea areas for 10 to 12 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The existing pearl culturing operation is to directly hang and culture the nucleus-planted mother shell of the large pearl shell after the operation in the sea area for recuperation, and the type, the quantity and the specific gravity of the bait in the sea area can not be adjusted. The bait composition, the stormy waves and the low specific gravity of the breeding sea area (the specific gravity of the near-shore sea area of the pearl breeding area in China is about 1.020, and the proper specific gravity of the large nacre is 1.022-1.025) seriously affect the survival rate of the large nacre breeding, the nucleus retention and pearl forming rate and the pearl quality. According to the method, a pond with a proper specification is selected, palatable single-cell algae bait of the pinctada maxima is cultured through rich water and the culture silver drums, the juvenile fishes of the silver drums mainly ingest zooplankton, and ingest epiphytic diatoms, aquatic plants and organic debris after the juvenile fishes grow to be young fishes, so that the method has a strong capacity of adjusting the concentration of the single-cell algae in the water body; regulating the specific gravity of seawater to reach the optimal growth range of the pinctada maxima through natural evaporation of the pond; secondly, the pinctada maxima breeding shells are hung and cultured on a deep water layer of 4-5 meters, and the pond has no or only little water flow and wind wave impact. Thirdly, the pearl-breeding shellfish cultured in the pond is cleaner, has less attached matters, does not need to be cleaned in the whole culture period, and reduces the mechanical damage and the capital expenditure caused by the cleaning of the shellfish. The measures provide good environmental conditions for the postoperative recovery of the pearl culturing of the pinctada maxima and the formation of pearls. The application is stage pond culture, uses moderate specification pond, controls the growth and reproduction and the water proportion of pond bait biology easily, and the breed cost is lower.
(2) The invention adopts the culture cages with separate layers to culture the pinctada maxima and culture the pinctada maxima. The current pearl culturing technology hangs and cultures the right shell and the left shell of the pearl culturing shell under the upper shell and the left shell for a long time, the shells keep a position for a long time, the embedded pearl nuclei are not favorable for evenly secreting nacres and keeping good pearl shape and luster because of the influence of gravity, and the influence is particularly obvious in the resting period of pearl formation. The nucleus-implanted mother shellfish after the operation of the technology is that the pearl-breeding shellfish is placed in the interlayer, the width of the interlayer is 5-8cm, the opening of the pearl-breeding shellfish is convenient for eating, the relative stability of the shell body is kept, the nucleus-remaining pearl forming rate of the pearl-breeding shellfish is improved, and the stable secretion of nacre by pearl sac cells is promoted. Secondly, the right shell of the pearl oyster, namely the surface containing the byssus hole, is placed upwards into the interlayer for hanging cultivation, the hanging cultivation is carried out in the opposite direction after 12 to 15 days, the side plate of the cage body is provided with the hook, the hanging cultivation position of the pearl oyster can be changed as long as the hanging rope is bound on the hook, the oyster body does not need to be taken out and placed again, the operation efficiency is improved, the injury to the oyster body caused by movement is reduced, and the stress of the implanted pearl nucleus in the large pearl oyster body is uniform. Thirdly, after the resting period is finished, one open side of the shell, namely the ventral side, is hung upwards on the floating rope for culturing pearls, the panel is provided with the hook, the pearl culturing can be realized only by binding the hanging rope on the hook without taking out the shell for re-hanging culture, and the interlayer is only 5-8cm, so that the shell can be kept in an upright state while the open side of the shell is movably ingested, the defect that the shell keeps the same position for a long time in the traditional culture mode is overcome, the uniform secretion of nacre is promoted, and the good shape and luster of the pearls are kept.
(3) The invention keeps the relatively stable positions of the pinctada martensii in the rest period and the pearl culturing period by arranging the interlayer with proper size, the operation of changing the position of the pinctada martensii is simple and convenient, and the nucleus retaining and pearl forming rate and the pearl quality of the pinctada martensii can be improved. The method is convenient to operate, easy to popularize, suitable for artificial pearl culturing production of pinctada maxima, and good in economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a farming cage according to the present invention;
wherein: 1-box type cage body; 2-a separator; 3-a snap ring; 4-Small holes.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings by using specific examples, which are intended to describe the technical solution in detail, but not to limit the technical solution. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A staged pond culture method for improving the pearl quality of pinctada maxima comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an aquaculture pond: selecting a pond with water inlet and outlet equipment, an area of 250 mu, a water depth of 5 m and sand substrate, sterilizing the pond and fertilizing water 15 days before pearl oyster cultivation, putting 2500 tails of silver drum fries with a body length of 4cm in each mu, feeding artificial feed every other day after 7 days of the silver drum fries, and applying 300 ml of fermented fish juice, 0.1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5 g of sodium silicate to each cubic water body when the concentration of unicellular algae is lower than 1.0 ten thousand cells, wherein the seawater fertility can be maintained for a long time by using the fish juice, and the stable growth and propagation of the unicellular algae can be maintained; the concentration of algae is more than 1.3 ten thousand cells per milliliter, and water is changed by 50cm to ensure that the concentration of unicellular algae is less than 1.3 ten thousand cells; when the specific gravity of the seawater is less than 1.022, adding crude salt, keeping the seawater without changing water, continuously evaporating the seawater to improve the specific gravity, and when the specific gravity of the seawater is more than 1.026, changing water to reduce the specific gravity to 1.025.
(2) Manufacturing a breeding cage: breed cage is constituteed to the box cage body and the baffle of preparation polyethylene plastics material, cage body length 35cm, height 14cm, wide 14cm, 6 independent interlayers are separated into with the cage body to the baffle, every interlayer width 5cm (baffle is thick 1 cm) for place big pearl shell operation shellfish, cage body curb plate and panel are equipped with the couple and are used for hanging the cage body on breeding the buoyant rope, cage body plastic slab all around is equipped with wide 1cm, long 2 cm's square aperture is convenient for rivers pass through.
(3) And (3) nuclear implantation operation: selecting pinctada maxima of 18 months old, 12cm high and complete shell without diseases, and performing appropriate preoperative treatment to obtain operative pinctada maxima; selecting female shellfish with age of 8 months and shell height of 7cm as small shellfish; the nucleus implanting operation is carried out according to the conventional method, the diameter of the nucleus is 6.0mm, and one nucleus is implanted into each shell.
(4) Recuperation after nuclear shell implantation surgery: and (3) placing the operated shells after the nucleus implanting operation into the interlayer of the culture cage manufactured in the step (2), arranging one shell at each layer, hanging the right shell of the operated shell on the upper part, hanging the left shell on the floating rope of the pond prepared in the step (1) under the lower part, culturing, wherein the hanging water depth is 4.0 m, culturing 800 pearl shells in each mu of the hung shell, and changing the front and back surfaces of the shells once every 12 days to ensure that the implanted nucleus is uniformly stressed in the large nacre shell until the culturing period is finished, wherein the culturing period is 60 days.
(5) And (3) breeding management of the pearl shells: after the rest period is finished, the abdomen of the pearl culturing shell is upwards hung on a floating rope of a pond for culturing for 6 months, then the pearl culturing shell is moved to a pearl culturing sea area for culturing for 12 months, and the culturing management of the pearl culturing shell is carried out according to a conventional method.
Example 2
A staged pond culture method for improving the pearl quality of pinctada maxima comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an aquaculture pond: selecting a pond with water inlet and drainage equipment, 280 mu in area, 5.5 m in water depth and sandy substrate, disinfecting the pond and fertilizing water 17 days before the pearl oyster cultivation, putting 2000 silver drum seedlings with the body length of 5cm in each mu, feeding artificial feed every other day after putting 8 days after the silver drum seedlings, keeping the unicellular algae at 1.0-1.3 ten thousand cells per milliliter, and applying 350 milliliters of fermented fish juice, 0.2 gram of monopotassium phosphate and 0.6 gram of sodium silicate to each cubic water body when the concentration of the unicellular algae is lower than 1.0 thousand cells per milliliter, wherein the seawater fertility can be maintained for a long time by using the fish juice, and the stable growth and propagation of the unicellular algae are kept; the specific gravity of the seawater is adjusted to 1.022-1.026 by natural evaporation. The concentration of the algae is more than 1.3 ten thousand cells per milliliter, and the water is changed by 60cm to ensure that the concentration of the algae is less than 1.3 ten thousand cells per milliliter; when the specific gravity of the seawater is less than 1.022, crude salt is added, the seawater is kept unchanged to continuously evaporate to improve the specific gravity, and when the specific gravity of the seawater is more than 1.026, the seawater is changed to reduce the specific gravity to 1.024.
(2) Manufacturing a breeding cage: the cultivation cage is formed by manufacturing box-type cages made of polyethylene plastics and partition plates, the cage is 34 cm long, 15cm high and 15cm wide, the partition plates divide the cage into 5 independent spaces, each partition plate is 6cm wide (the partition plates are 1cm thick) and used for placing big pinctada surgical shells, hooks are arranged on side plates and panels of the cage and used for hanging the cage on cultivation floats \31529, and square small holes 2cm wide and 6cm long are formed in plastic plates around the cage, so that water flow can conveniently pass through the plastic plates.
(3) And (3) nuclear implantation operation: selecting pinctada maxima of 20 months old with shell height of 13cm and complete shell without diseases, and performing appropriate preoperative treatment to obtain operative pinctada maxima; selecting mother shell with the age of 10 months and the shell height of 7.5cm as small shell; the nucleus implanting operation is carried out according to the conventional method, the diameter of the nucleus is 6.1mm, and one nucleus is implanted into each shell.
(4) Recuperation after nuclear shell implantation surgery: and (3) placing the operated shells after the nucleus implanting operation into the interlayer of the culture cage manufactured in the step (2), arranging one shell at each layer, hanging the right shell of the operated shell on the upper part, hanging the left shell on the floating rope of the pond prepared in the step (1) under the lower part, culturing, wherein the hanging water depth is 4.5 m, culturing 900 shells for pearl suspension per mu, and changing the front and back surfaces of the shells once every 13 days to ensure that the implanted nucleus is uniformly stressed in the large nacre shells until the culturing period is finished, wherein the culturing period is 52 days.
(5) And (3) breeding management of the pearl shells: after the rest period is finished, the abdomen of the pearl culturing shell is hung upwards on a floating rope of the pond for culturing for 7 months, then the pearl culturing shell is moved to a pearl culturing sea area for culturing for 11 months, and the culturing management of the pearl culturing shell is carried out according to the conventional method.
Example 3
A staged pond culture method for improving the pearl quality of pinctada maxima comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an aquaculture pond: selecting a pond with water inlet and drainage equipment, 290 mu in area, 6 m in depth and gravel substrate, disinfecting the pond and fertilizing water 18 days before the pearl oyster cultivation, putting 1500 tails of silver drum fries with the body length of 6cm in each mu, feeding artificial feed every other day after 9 days by silver drum putting, keeping 1.0-1.3 ten thousand cells of unicellular algae in each milliliter, applying 400 milliliters of fermented fish juice, 0.3 gram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 gram of sodium silicate to each cubic water body when the concentration of the unicellular algae is lower than 1.0 ten thousand cells in each milliliter, and keeping the seawater fertility for a long time by using the fish juice to keep the stable growth and reproduction of the unicellular algae; the specific gravity of the seawater is adjusted to 1.022-1.026 by natural evaporation. The concentration of the algae is more than 1.3 ten thousand cells per milliliter, and the water is changed by 50cm to ensure that the concentration of the algae is less than 1.3 ten thousand cells per milliliter; when the specific gravity of the seawater is less than 1.022, adding crude salt, keeping the seawater without changing water, continuously evaporating the seawater to improve the specific gravity, and when the specific gravity of the seawater is more than 1.026, changing water to reduce the specific gravity to 1.025.
(2) Manufacturing a cultivation cage: the cultivation cage is formed by manufacturing a box-shaped cage body made of polyethylene plastic and partition plates, the cage body is 31 cm long, 16cm high and 16cm wide, the partition plates divide the cage body into 4 independent partition layers, each partition layer is 7cm wide (the partition plates are 1cm thick) and used for placing large pinctada martensii operating shells, hook hooks are arranged on side plates and panels of the cage body and used for hanging the cage body on a cultivation floater, and circular small holes with the diameter of 2cm are formed in plastic plates around the cage body so that water can flow through the small holes.
(3) And (3) nuclear implantation operation: selecting pinctada maxima of 22 months old, with shell height of 14cm, and intact shell without disease, and performing appropriate preoperative treatment to obtain operative pinctada maxima; selecting mother shellfish with age of 11 months and shell height of 8cm as small shellfish; the nucleus implanting operation is carried out according to the conventional method, the diameter of the nucleus is 6.2mm, and one nucleus is implanted into each shell.
(4) Recuperation after nuclear shell implantation surgery: and (3) placing the operated shells after the nucleus implanting operation into the interlayer of the culture cage manufactured in the step (2), arranging one shell at each layer, hanging the right shell of the operated shell on the upper part, hanging the left shell on the floating rope of the pond prepared in the step (1) under the lower part, culturing, wherein the hanging water depth is 5.0 m, culturing 1000 shells per mu, and exchanging the front and back surfaces of the shells once every 14 days to ensure that the implanted nucleus is uniformly stressed in the large nacre shells until the culturing period is finished, wherein the culturing period is 56 days.
(5) And (3) breeding management of the pearl-breeding shells: after the rest period is finished, the abdomen of the pearl culturing shell is hung upwards on a floating rope of a pond for culturing for 8 months, then the pearl culturing shell is moved to a pearl culturing sea area for culturing for 10 months, and the culturing management of the pearl culturing shell is carried out according to a conventional method.
Example 4
A staged pond culture method for improving the pearl quality of pinctada maxima comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an aquaculture pond: selecting a pond with water inlet and outlet equipment, an area of 300 mu, a water depth of 6 m and a substrate of gravel, disinfecting the pond and fertilizing water 20 days before the pearl oyster cultivation, putting 1000 tails of silver drum seedlings with a body length of 7cm in each mu, feeding artificial feed every other day after the silver drum seedlings are put for 10 days, keeping 1.0-1.3 ten thousand cells of unicellular algae in each milliliter, and applying 500 milliliters of fermented fish juice, 0.3 gram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 gram of sodium silicate according to each cubic water body when the concentration of the unicellular algae is lower than 1.0 ten thousand cells in each milliliter, wherein the seawater fertility can be maintained for a long time by using the fish juice, and the stable growth and the propagation of the unicellular algae are kept; the specific gravity of the seawater is adjusted to 1.022-1.026 by natural evaporation. The concentration of the unicellular algae is more than 1.3 ten thousand cells per milliliter, water is changed by 40-50cm to ensure that the concentration of the unicellular algae is less than 1.3 ten thousand cells per milliliter, when the specific gravity of the seawater is less than 1.022, crude salt is added, the water is not changed, the seawater is continuously evaporated to improve the specific gravity, and when the specific gravity of the seawater is more than 1.026, the water is changed to reduce the specific gravity to 1.024.
(2) Manufacturing a breeding cage: the cultivation cage is formed by manufacturing a box-type cage body made of polyethylene plastic and partition plates, the cage body is 35cm long, 17cm high and 17cm wide, the partition plates divide the cage body into 4 independent spaces, each partition layer is 8cm wide (the partition plates are 1cm thick) and used for placing large pinctada martensii operating shells, hook hooks are arranged on side plates and panels of the cage body and used for hanging the cage body on a cultivation floater, and circular small holes with the diameter of 4cm are formed in plastic plates around the cage body so that water can flow through the small holes.
(3) And (3) nuclear implantation operation: selecting pinctada maxima which are 24 months old, 16cm high and complete without diseases, and performing appropriate preoperative treatment to obtain operative pinctada maxima; selecting mother shell with age of 12 months and shell height of 9cm as small shell; the nucleus implanting operation is carried out according to a conventional method, the diameter of the nucleus is 6.3mm, and one nucleus is implanted into each shell.
(4) Recuperation after nuclear shell implantation surgery: placing the operative shell after the nucleus implanting operation in the cage interlayer manufactured in the step (2), installing one shell at each layer, hanging the right shell of the operative shell on the upper part, hanging the left shell on the floating rope of the pond prepared in the step (1) for rest, hanging the hanging water to the depth of 5.0 meters, hanging and culturing 1000 shells per mu, and replacing the front and back surfaces of the shell once every 15 days to ensure that the implanted nucleus is uniformly stressed in the large nacre shell until the rest period is finished, wherein the rest period is 60 days.
(5) And (3) breeding management of the pearl-breeding shells: after the resting period is finished, the abdomen of the pearl oyster is hung upwards on a floating rope of the pond for cultivation for 6 months, then the pearl oyster is moved to a pearl cultivation sea area for cultivation for 12 months, and the cultivation management of the pearl oyster is carried out according to a conventional method.
Comparative example 1
(1) And (3) nuclear implantation operation: the large nacre with the same specification as the pearl nucleus of the example 1 is selected to be planted, the operation is carried out on the large nacre with the age of 18 months and the shell height of 12cm, the small nacre with the age of 8 months and the shell height of 7cm, the nucleus planting operation is carried out according to the conventional method, the diameter of the pearl nucleus is 6.0mm, and one pearl nucleus is planted in each pearl nucleus.
(2) Recuperation and pearl cultivation after nucleus planting shellfish operation: directly hanging and culturing the operation shellfish after the nuclear planting operation in the sea area for rest culture, wherein the type, quantity and specific gravity of the bait in the sea area cannot be adjusted, and the rest culture period is 60 days; after the rest period is finished, moving to a pearl culturing sea area for culturing for 18 months, and carrying out culture management on pearl culturing shellfish according to a conventional method. The sea water has a specific gravity of 1.018 at the lowest and 1.020 at the highest.
Comparative example 2
(1) And (3) nuclear implantation operation: the large nacre with the same specification as the pearl nucleus of the example 2 is selected to be planted, the operation is carried out on the large nacre with the age of 20 months and the shell height of 13cm, the small nacre with the age of 10 months and the shell height of 7.5cm, the nucleus planting operation is carried out according to the conventional method, the diameter of the pearl nucleus is 6.1mm, and one pearl nucleus is planted in each pearl nucleus.
(2) Recuperation after nuclear shell implantation surgery and pearl cultivation: directly hanging and culturing the operation shellfish after the nuclear planting operation in the sea area for rest culture, wherein the type, quantity and specific gravity of the bait in the sea area cannot be adjusted, and the rest culture period is 52 days; after the rest period is finished, moving to a pearl culturing sea area for culturing for 18 months, and carrying out culture management on pearl culturing shellfish according to a conventional method. The specific gravity of sea water in sea area is 1.017 at the lowest and 1.021 at the highest.
Comparative example 3
(1) And (3) nuclear implantation operation: and (3) selecting large nacre with the same specification as that of the example 3 to implant the nucleus, wherein the operating mother nacre is 22 months old and 14cm high in shell, the small nacre is 11 months old and 8cm high in shell, and performing nucleus implantation operation according to a conventional method, wherein the diameter of the nucleus is 6.2mm, and one nucleus is implanted into each shell.
(2) Recuperation after nuclear shell implantation surgery and pearl cultivation: directly hanging and culturing the operation shellfish after the nuclear planting operation in the sea area for rest culture, wherein the type, quantity and specific gravity of the bait in the sea area cannot be adjusted, and the rest culture period is 56 days; after the resting period is finished, moving to a pearl culturing sea area for culturing for 18 months, and carrying out culture management on pearl culturing shellfish according to a conventional method. The sea water has a specific gravity of 1.018 at the lowest value and 1.021 at the highest value.
Comparative example 4
(1) And (3) nuclear implantation operation: and (3) selecting large nacre of the same specification as that of the example 4 to implant the nucleus, performing the nucleus implanting operation on the large nacre with the age of 24 months and the shell height of 16cm, and performing the nucleus implanting operation on small nacre with the age of 12 months and the shell height of 9cm according to a conventional method, wherein the diameter of the nucleus is 6.3mm, and one nucleus is implanted into each shell.
(2) Recuperation after nuclear shell implantation surgery and pearl cultivation: directly hanging and culturing the operation shellfish after the nuclear planting operation in the sea area for rest culture, wherein the type, quantity and specific gravity of the bait in the sea area cannot be adjusted, and the rest culture period is 60 days; after the rest period is finished, moving to a pearl culturing sea area for culturing for 18 months, and carrying out culture management on pearl culturing shellfish according to a conventional method. The sea water has a lowest specific gravity of 1.016 and a highest specific gravity of 1.022.
The pearl culturing effects of the mother-pearl culturing shells of the above examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were compared as shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 cultivation effect of pearl of Pinctada maxima in different cultivation modes
| Group of | Survival rate of pearl oyster | The bead formation rate of the remaining core% | Percentage of positive round beads% | Thickness of bead layer mm |
| Example 1 | 75.8 | 87.4 | 48.8 | 3.46 |
| Example 2 | 74.4 | 86.3 | 47.5 | 3.43 |
| Example 3 | 73.6 | 88.0 | 47.2 | 3.28 |
| Example 4 | 73.3 | 85.8 | 47.0 | 3.22 |
| Comparative example 1 | 59.6 | 76.6 | 33.5 | 2.40 |
| Comparative example 2 | 58.2 | 74.2 | 32.0 | 2.36 |
| Comparative example 3 | 57.5 | 76.7 | 33.4 | 2.32 |
| Comparative example 4 | 57.1 | 74.6 | 31.7 | 2.88 |
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the pearl culture effect of the comparative example, the survival rate, the nucleus retaining and pearl forming rate, the round pearl rate and the thickness of the pearl layer of the pearl cultured pearl shells are obviously increased in the example of the pearl culturing by using the culturing method of the invention. The technology is proved to be capable of remarkably improving the pearl culturing benefit of the pinctada maxima.
Although the embodiments of the present description have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the description, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A staged pond culture method for improving the pearl quality of pinctada maxima is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing an aquaculture pond: sterilizing a culture pond 15-20 days before pearl shell culture, applying 300-500 ml of fermented fish juice, 0.1-0.3 g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1 g of sodium silicate to each cubic water body for fertilizing, naturally evaporating to adjust the specific gravity of seawater to 1.022-1.026, then throwing 1000-2500 tails of silver drum fish fries with the body length of 4-7cm per mu, starting to throw artificial feed every other day after 7-10 days of the silver drum fish fries, and adjusting unicellular algae to keep 1.0-1.3 ten thousand cells per ml;
(2) Manufacturing and placing a breeding cage: placing a breeding cage into a pond, wherein the breeding cage is composed of a box-shaped cage body (1), partition plates (2) and clamping rings (3), the box-shaped cage body is divided into 4-6 independent partition layers by the partition plates (2), the width of each partition layer is 5-8cm, the partition layers are used for placing operating shells of pinctada maxima, the clamping rings (3) are arranged on 6 surfaces of the breeding cage and used for hanging the cage body on breeding floating ropes, and small holes (4) are formed in plastic plates on the periphery of the box-shaped cage body (1) to facilitate water flow;
(3) Nuclear implantation surgery and recuperation: selecting healthy pinctada maxima and small cell shellfish, performing nucleus implanting operation according to a conventional method, placing the operated shellfish after the nucleus implanting operation in the interlayer of the culture cage manufactured in the step (2), loading one shellfish at every other layer, hanging the right shell of the operated shellfish on the upper part and the left shell on the floating rope of the culture pond prepared in the step (1) in a hanging manner, and exchanging the front and back surfaces of the shellfish body once every 12-15 days by exchanging the positions of snap rings of the culture cage to ensure that the implanted nucleuses are uniformly stressed in the pinctada maxima and are kept for 45-60 days;
(4) And (3) breeding management of the pearl shells: after the resting period is finished, the abdomen of the pearl culturing shell is upwards hung on a floating rope of a pond for culturing for 6-8 months, then the pearl culturing shell is moved to a pearl culturing sea area for hanging culturing for 10-12 months, and the culturing management of the pearl culturing shell is carried out according to the conventional method to obtain pearls.
2. The staged pond culture method for improving pearl quality of pinctada maxima according to claim 1, wherein the culture pond in the step (1) is a pond with water inlet and outlet devices, the area of the pond is 250-300 mu, the water depth is 5-6 m, and the substrate is sand or gravel.
3. The staged pond culture method for improving pearl quality of pinctada maxima according to claim 1, wherein the culture cage in the step (2) is made of polyethylene plastic material; and/or the box-shaped cage body (1) is 30-35cm long, 14-17cm high and 14-17cm wide; and/or the small holes (4) in the step (2) are small holes with the width of 1-2cm, the length of 2-8cm square or the diameter of 2-4cm circular.
4. The staged pond culture method for improving pearl quality of pinctada maxima according to claim 1, wherein the healthy pinctada maxima in the step (3) are selected from the ages of 18-24 months, the height of the shell is 12-16cm, the shell is intact and has no diseases, and after preoperative treatment, the cell small-sized pinctada maxima are selected from the ages of 8-12 months, the height of the shell is more than 7cm, the diameter of the nucleuses is 6.0-6.3mm, and one nucleuse is implanted in each pinctada maxima.
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