CN111357690B - Artificial propagation method of epinephelus malabaricus - Google Patents
Artificial propagation method of epinephelus malabaricus Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding epinephelus malabaricus, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of fish pond preparation, fertilized egg incubation and artificial breeding, wherein the fertilized eggs are incubated by specific nutrient solution, after membrane rupture and seedling emergence, fry is cultured in different areas in three periods, water quality management is adjusted in each area, the throwing density is adjusted, variable temperature stress is carried out in the juvenile stage, the anti-stress capability of the fry is favorably improved, the proportion of bait is strictly controlled, scientific collocation is achieved, the absorption of the fry in each period is mutually promoted, the growth rule of the fry is adapted, the quality of the fry is enhanced, the stress of environmental factors can be resisted, and the yield of grouper is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an artificial propagation method of epinephelus malabaricus.
Background
The pearl grouper fish is a new hybrid grouper cultivated by gentian grouper (male) and tiger grouper (female), has tender meat, rapid growth and strong disease resistance, has the appearance of tiger head and gentian tail, shows hybrid advantages, has good market price of commercial fish, can also be used as ornamental fish, and has wide market prospect.
Under the efforts of the research personnel for breeding the Hainan people, the artificial breeding is successfully carried out, the large-scale culture is formed, and the giant gentian pearlescens quickly occupies 70 percent of the culture amount of the Hainan grouper due to high growth speed and strong disease resistance, so that the giant grouper becomes the first variety for culturing the grouper. However, in the process of breeding and breeding the garrupa, phenomena such as debonding, phosphorus loss, bleeding and the like can occur, so that the garrupa is not resistant to transportation, and the growth capacity and the yield of the garrupa are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an artificial breeding method for epinephelus malabaricus, which solves the above problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: an artificial propagation method of epinephelus septemfasciatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a fish pond: set up 3 continuous type cement ponds, ann has the oxygen-increasing machine respectively, advances drainage system, and simultaneously, the bottom of the pool shovel goes into the weight part ratio and is 0.8 ~ 1.2: 1-1.5: 0.3-0.6: 1.5-1.9 of corncob particles, organic bentonite, macroporous resin and sweet sorghum straw powder, and compacting and covering the corncob particles, the organic bentonite, the macroporous resin and the sweet sorghum straw powder at the height of 5-8 cm of the bottom of the cement pool;
s2, hatching fertilized eggs: filtering and cleaning fertilized eggs by a screen of 50-80 meshes for 1-3 times, soaking the fertilized eggs in a nutrient solution for 2-8 hours, and incubating the fertilized eggs in an indoor seedling raising pond, wherein the nutrient solution is eugenol, lignans, anthocyanins and vitamin E;
S3, artificial seedling culture:
and (3) during the fry period: putting the fry into a No. 1 cement pond, wherein the putting density is 10000-13000/m, the salinity of pond water is adjusted to 21-25, the water temperature is 22-26 ℃, the pH value is 5-8, and the fry biological bait is fed to the fry, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-33 parts of oysters, 12-21 parts of reinforced rotifers and 20-35 parts of artemia, wherein the feeding amount is 0.3-1.8 times of that of the larval fish;
in the juvenile fish stage: when the fish body grows to 7-10 cm, the fish larvae are screened and put into a No. 2 cement pond, and the putting density is 8000-10000/m2The method comprises the following steps of stocking spirulina, alternanthera philoxeroides and climbing groundsel herb which account for 20-28% of the area of a No. 2 pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to 18-20, the water temperature to 12-23 ℃, the pH to 5-8, feeding 3-5 times a day of larval fish biological bait, adjusting the water temperature to 6-10 ℃ after 3-5 days of cultivation, and feeding 1-3 times a day of larval fish biological bait, wherein the larval fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of minced fillet, 11-22 parts of clam, 21-35 parts of clamworm and 8-11 parts of lecithin, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.2-0.8 times of that of the young fish;
and (3) during a juvenile fish period: when the fish body>When the fish is 10cm, putting the juvenile fish into a No. 3 cement pond with the putting density of 5000-7000/m2Splashing in poolSprinkling a microbial preparation with the sprinkling amount of 4-7 mg/m 3The method comprises the following steps of adjusting the salinity of water in a pond to 21-25, adjusting the water temperature to 22-26 ℃, and feeding juvenile fish biological bait with the pH of 5-8, wherein the juvenile fish biological bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of fish and shrimp, 12-21 parts of roe, 20-35 parts of clam and 21-35 parts of clamworm, wherein the feeding amount is 0.3-1.8 times of that of juvenile fish.
Furthermore, the cement pond is exposed to sunlight for 3-6 days, and the air-drying cement pond is beneficial to removing bacterial diseases and the like.
Further, the nutrient solution comprises 1-3 parts by weight of eugenol, lignans, anthocyanins and vitamin E: 0.5-1.2: 1-2.5: 2 to 3.
Further, the microbial preparation comprises 20-23 parts of micrococcus liragosus, 30-40 parts of pseudomonas stutzeri and 30-40 parts of staphylococcus luteus.
Furthermore, in the microbial preparation, the effective viable bacteria of the Micrococcus liragmitis is 0.2-0.5 multiplied by 107CFU/mL, effective viable bacteria of Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.56-0.8 × 108CFU/mL, the effective viable bacteria of the garcinia lutea is 0.4-1.2 multiplied by 107CFU/mL。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention sets 3 continuous cement ponds, each cement pond corresponds to each period of the grouper, water quality management and bait management of each period are controlled, management is carried out aiming at the fry development condition of each period, physical ability can be effectively enhanced, and adaptability of the fry is improved, wherein variable temperature stress is carried out in the juvenile fish period, so that the anti-stress capability of the fry is improved, gill silk and fin activities of a fish body are activated, meanwhile, different baits are prepared in each period, the proportion of the baits is strictly controlled, scientific matching is realized, absorption of the fry in each period is mutually promoted, and the growth rule of the fry is adapted;
(2) Corn cob particles, organic bentonite, macroporous resin and sweet sorghum straw powder are shoveled into the fishpond, so that water purification is facilitated, a microbial preparation is splashed, the growth of beneficial microorganisms is promoted, insect diseases are prevented, and ecological breeding conditions are provided for fish fries; the oosperm hatching process is soaked by using the nutrient solution, so that the oosperm hatching process can play a role in debonding, and the nutrient elements are provided for oosperm hatching to promote oosperm hatching, promote the secretion of fish mucus, enhance the fish quality, resist the stress of environmental factors and improve the yield of grouper.
Detailed Description
In order that the technical contents of the invention may be better understood, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
An artificial propagation method of epinephelus septemfasciatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a fish pond: set up 3 continuous type cement ponds, the cement pond is through sunshine insolate 3 days, is equipped with the oxygen-increasing machine respectively, advances drainage system, and simultaneously, the bottom of the pool shovel weight part is than being 0.8: 1: 0.3: 1.5, compacting and covering the corncob particles, the organic bentonite, the macroporous resin and the sweet sorghum straw powder at the height of 5cm of the bottom of the cement pool;
S2, hatching fertilized eggs: filtering and cleaning fertilized eggs by a 50-mesh screen for 1 time, soaking the fertilized eggs in a nutrient solution for 2 hours, and incubating the fertilized eggs in an indoor seedling raising pond, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.8: 1.5: 2.5 eugenol, lignan, anthocyanin and vitamin E;
s3, artificial seedling culture:
during the fry period: the larval fish is put into a No. 1 cement pond with the fish ratio of 10000 fish/m2Adjusting the salinity of pond water to 23, the water temperature to 24 ℃ and the pH value to 7, and feeding the biological bait for the fry, wherein the bait for the fry comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of oyster, 16 parts of enhanced rotifer and 28 parts of artemia, wherein the feeding amount is 0.3 times of that of the larval fish;
in the juvenile fish stage: when the fish body grows to 7-10 cm, the fish larvae are screened and put into a No. 2 cement pond, and the putting density is 8000 tails/m2Cultivating spirulina, semen Arachidis Hypogaeae and herba Euphorbiae Humifusae 20% of No. 2 pond area, adjusting pond water salinity to 18, water temperature to 12 deg.C, pH to 5, and feeding 3 daysAnd (2) after 3 days of culturing the secondary juvenile fish biological bait, adjusting the water temperature to 6 ℃, and feeding the juvenile fish biological bait for 1 time a day, wherein the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of minced fillet, 18 parts of clam, 29 parts of clamworm and 10 parts of lecithin, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.2 times of that of the juvenile fish;
and (3) during a juvenile fish period: when the fish body>When the fish is 10cm, throwing the juvenile fish into a No. 3 cement pond with the throwing density of 5000 tails/m 2Sprinkling microbial preparation in the pool with a sprinkling amount of 4mg/m3Adjusting the salinity of the pond water to 21, the temperature of the pond water to 22 ℃, and the pH value to 5, and feeding the juvenile fish biological bait; the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of fish and shrimp, 18 parts of fish eggs, 27 parts of clams and 26 parts of clams, the feeding amount is 0.3 time of that of juvenile fish, the microbial preparation comprises 20 parts of micrococcus liragosus, 30 parts of pseudomonas stutzeri and 30 parts of staphylococcus luteus, and the effective viable bacteria of the micrococcus liragmitis in the microbial preparation are 0.2 multiplied by 107CFU/mL, the effective viable bacteria of Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.56X 108CFU/mL, the effective viable bacteria of the luteococcus is 0.4X 107CFU/mL。
Example 2
An artificial propagation method of epinephelus septemfasciatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a fish pond: set up 3 continuous type cement ponds, the cement pond is through sunshine insolate 6 days, is equipped with the oxygen-increasing machine respectively, advances drainage system, and simultaneously, the bottom of the pool shovel weight part is than being 1.2: 1.5: 0.6: 1.9, compacting and covering the corncob particles, the organic bentonite, the macroporous resin and the sweet sorghum straw powder at the height of 8cm of the bottom of the cement pool;
s2, hatching fertilized eggs: filtering and cleaning fertilized eggs by a 80-mesh screen for 3 times, soaking the fertilized eggs in a nutrient solution for 8 hours, and incubating the fertilized eggs in an indoor seedling raising pond, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 1.2: 2.5: 3 eugenol, lignan, anthocyanin and vitamin E;
S3, artificial seedling culture:
and (3) during the fry period: the larval fish is put into a No. 1 cement pond with the putting density of 13000 tails/m2Adjusting the salinity of pond water to 25, the water temperature to 26 ℃ and the pH value to 8, and feeding the biological bait for the fry, wherein the bait for the fry comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: oyster 25 parts, reinforced rotifer 16 parts, artemia 28 parts, wherein the feeding amount is 1.8 times of that of the larval fish;
in the juvenile fish stage: when the fish body grows to 7-10 cm, screening the young fish and putting the fish into a No. 2 cement pond, wherein the putting density is 10000 fish/m2The method comprises the following steps of stocking spirulina, alternanthera philoxeroides and climbing fern which account for 28% of the area of a No. 2 pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to be 20, the water temperature to be 23 ℃, the pH value to be 8, feeding juvenile fish biological bait for 5 times a day, adjusting the water temperature to be 10 ℃ after 5 days of cultivation, and feeding juvenile fish biological bait for 3 times a day, wherein the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of minced fillet, 18 parts of clam, 29 parts of clamworm and 10 parts of lecithin, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.8 times of that of the juvenile fish;
and (3) during a juvenile fish period: when the fish body>When the fish larvae are 10cm, putting the larvae into a No. 3 cement pond, splashing the microbial preparation in a pond with the density of 7000 tails/m, wherein the splashing amount is 7mg/m3Adjusting the salinity of the pond water to 25, the water temperature to 26 ℃, and the pH value to 8, and feeding the juvenile fish biological bait; the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of fish and shrimp, 18 parts of fish eggs, 27 parts of clams and 26 parts of clams, the feeding amount is 1.8 times of that of juvenile fish, the microbial preparation comprises 23 parts of micrococcus liragosus, 40 parts of pseudomonas stutzeri and 40 parts of staphylococcus luteus, and the effective viable bacteria of the micrococcus liragmitis in the microbial preparation are 0.5 multiplied by 10 7CFU/mL, effective viable bacteria of Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.8 × 108CFU/mL, the effective viable bacteria of the luteococcus is 1.2X 107CFU/mL。
Example 3
An artificial propagation method of epinephelus septemfasciatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a fish pond: set up 3 continuous type cement ponds, the cement pond is insolated through sunshine for 4 days, is equipped with the oxygen-increasing machine respectively, advances drainage system, and simultaneously, the bottom of the pool shovel weight part is 1: 1.3: 0.5: 1.7, compacting and covering the corncob particles, the organic bentonite, the macroporous resin and the sweet sorghum straw powder at the height of 6cm of the bottom of the cement pool;
s2, hatching fertilized eggs: filtering and cleaning fertilized eggs by a 60-mesh screen for 2 times, soaking the fertilized eggs in a nutrient solution for 2-8 hours, and incubating the fertilized eggs in an indoor seedling raising pond, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.8: 1.8: 2.5 eugenol, lignan, anthocyanin and vitamin E;
s3, artificial seedling culture:
and (3) during the fry period: the larval fish is put into a No. 1 cement pond with the putting density of 12000 tails/m2Adjusting the salinity of pond water to 23, the water temperature to 24 ℃ and the pH value to 7, and feeding the biological bait for the fry, wherein the bait for the fry comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of oysters, 16 parts of enhanced rotifers and 28 parts of artemia, wherein the feeding amount is 1.2 times of that of the larval fish;
in the juvenile fish stage: when the fish body grows to 7-10 cm, screening the young fish and putting the young fish into a No. 2 cement pond with the putting density of 9000 tails/m 2The method comprises the following steps of stocking spirulina, alternanthera philoxeroides and stephania sinica diels which account for 24% of the area of a No. 2 pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to be 19, the water temperature to be 18 ℃ and the pH value to be 7, feeding the juvenile fish biological bait for 4 times a day, adjusting the water temperature to be 8 ℃ after the pond is cultivated for 4 days, and feeding the juvenile fish biological bait for 2 times a day, wherein the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of minced fillet, 18 parts of clam, 29 parts of clamworm and 10 parts of lecithin, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.6 times of that of the young fish;
during a juvenile fish period: when the fish body>When the fish is 10cm, throwing the juvenile fish into a No. 3 cement pond with the throwing density of 6000 tails/m2Sprinkling microbial preparation in the pool with a sprinkling amount of 5mg/m3Adjusting the salinity of the pond water to 23, the water temperature to 24 ℃ and the pH value to 6, and feeding the juvenile fish with biological bait; the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of fish and shrimp, 18 parts of fish eggs, 27 parts of clams and 26 parts of clams, the feeding amount is 1.2 times of that of juvenile fish, the microbial preparation comprises 22 parts of micrococcus liragosus, 35 parts of pseudomonas stutzeri and 34 parts of staphylococcus luteus, and the effective viable bacteria of the micrococcus liragmitis in the microbial preparation are 0.3 multiplied by 107CFU/mL, the effective viable bacteria of Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.68X 108CFU/mL, the effective viable bacteria of the luteococcus is 0.5X 107CFU/mL。
Example 4
An artificial propagation method of epinephelus septemfasciatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
S1, preparing a fish pond: set up 3 continuous type cement pit, the cement pit is insolate for 4 days through sunshine, is ann respectively with the oxygen-increasing machine, advances drainage system, and simultaneously, the bottom of the pool shovel goes into the weight part and is 1: 1.3: 0.5: 1.7, compacting corncob particles, organic bentonite, macroporous resin and sweet sorghum straw powder to cover 6cm of the height of the bottom of the cement pool;
s2, hatching fertilized eggs: filtering and cleaning fertilized eggs by a 60-mesh screen for 2 times, soaking the fertilized eggs in a nutrient solution for 2-8 hours, and incubating the fertilized eggs in an indoor seedling raising pond, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.8: 1.8: 2.5 eugenol, lignan, anthocyanin and vitamin E;
s3, artificial seedling raising:
and (3) during the fry period: the larval fish is put into a No. 1 cement pond with the putting density of 2000 tail/m2Adjusting the salinity of pond water to 23, the water temperature to 24 ℃ and the pH value to 7, and feeding the biological bait for the fry, wherein the bait for the fry comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of oyster, 12 parts of enhanced rotifer and 20 parts of artemia, wherein the feeding amount is 1.2 times of that of the larval fish;
in the juvenile fish stage: when the fish body grows to 7-10 cm, screening the young fish and putting the young fish into a No. 2 cement pond with the putting density of 9000 tails/m2The method comprises the following steps of stocking spirulina, alternanthera philoxeroides and climbing fern which account for 24% of the area of a No. 2 pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to be 19, the water temperature to be 18 ℃, the pH value to be 7, feeding juvenile fish biological bait for 4 times a day, adjusting the water temperature to be 8 ℃ after 4 days of cultivation, and feeding juvenile fish biological bait for 2 times a day, wherein the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of minced fillet, 11 parts of clam, 21 parts of clamworm and 8 parts of lecithin, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.6 times of that of the juvenile fish;
And (3) during a juvenile fish period: when the fish body>When the fish is 10cm, throwing the juvenile fish into a No. 3 cement pond with the throwing density of 6000 tails/m2Sprinkling microbial preparation in the pool with a sprinkling amount of 5mg/m3Adjusting the salinity of pond water to 23, the temperature of the pond water to 24 ℃, and the pH value to 6, and feeding the juvenile fish biological bait; the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of fish and shrimp, 12 parts of fish eggs, 20 parts of clams and 21 parts of clams, wherein the feeding amount is 1.2 times of that of juvenile fish, the microbial preparation comprises 22 parts of micrococcus liragosus, 35 parts of pseudomonas stutzeri and 34 parts of staphylococcus luteus, and the effective viable bacteria of the micrococcus liragmitis in the microbial preparation is 0.3 multiplied by 107CFU/mL, the effective viable bacteria of Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.68X 108CFU/mL, the effective viable bacteria of the luteococcus is 0.5X 107CFU/mL。
Example 5
An artificial propagation method of epinephelus septemfasciatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a fish pond: set up 3 continuous type cement ponds, the cement pond is insolated through sunshine for 4 days, is equipped with the oxygen-increasing machine respectively, advances drainage system, and simultaneously, the bottom of the pool shovel weight part is 1: 1.3: 0.5: 1.7, compacting and covering the corncob particles, the organic bentonite, the macroporous resin and the sweet sorghum straw powder at the height of 6cm of the bottom of the cement pool;
s2, hatching fertilized eggs: filtering and cleaning fertilized eggs by a 60-mesh screen for 2 times, soaking the fertilized eggs in a nutrient solution for 2-8 hours, and incubating the fertilized eggs in an indoor seedling raising pond, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.8: 1.8: 2.5 eugenol, lignan, anthocyanin and vitamin E;
S3, artificial seedling raising: during the fry period: the larval fish is put into a No. 1 cement pond with the putting density of 2000 tail/m2Adjusting the salinity of pond water to 23, the water temperature to 24 ℃ and the pH value to 7, and feeding the biological bait for the fry, wherein the bait for the fry comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33 parts of oyster, 21 parts of enhanced rotifer and 35 parts of artemia, wherein the feeding amount is 0.3-1.8 times of that of the larval fish;
in the juvenile fish stage: when the fish body grows to 7-10 cm, screening the young fish and putting the young fish into a No. 2 cement pond with the putting density of 9000 tails/m2The method comprises the following steps of stocking spirulina, alternanthera philoxeroides and climbing fern which account for 24% of the area of a No. 2 pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to be 19, the water temperature to be 18 ℃, the pH value to be 7, feeding juvenile fish biological bait for 4 times a day, adjusting the water temperature to be 8 ℃ after 4 days of cultivation, and feeding juvenile fish biological bait for 2 times a day, wherein the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of minced fillet, 22 parts of clam, 35 parts of clamworm and 11 parts of lecithin, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.6 times of that of the juvenile fish;
and (3) during a juvenile fish period: when the fish body>When the fish is 10cm, throwing the juvenile fish into a No. 3 cement pond with the throwing density of 6000 tails/m2Sprinkling microbial preparation in the pool with a sprinkling amount of 5mg/m3Adjusting the salinity of pond water to 23, the temperature of the pond water to 24 ℃, and the pH value to 6, and feeding the juvenile fish biological bait; the juvenile fish bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of fish and shrimp, 21 parts of fish eggs, 35 parts of clams and 35 parts of clams, wherein the feeding amount is 1.2 times of that of juvenile fish, the microbial preparation comprises 22 parts of micrococcus liragosus, 35 parts of pseudomonas stutzeri and 34 parts of staphylococcus luteus, and the effective viable bacteria of the micrococcus liragmitis in the microbial preparation are 0.3 multiplied by 10 7CFU/mL, effective viable count of Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.68X 108CFU/mL, effective viable count of Staphylococcus gambieri 0.5X 107CFU/mL。
Example 6
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 3 is that the weight ratio of the eugenol, the lignan, the anthocyanin and the vitamin E in the nutrient solution is 4: 0.2: 0.5: 1.3.
example 7
The difference between the present example and example 3 is that the microbial preparation comprises 13 parts of Micrococcus delavayi, 20 parts of Pseudomonas stutzeri and 25 parts of Staphylococcus luteus.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example is different from example 3 in that corncob particles, organobentonite, macroporous resin, sweet sorghum straw powder were not scooped in the S1 step.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example is different from example 3 in that the fertilized egg is not soaked in the nutrient solution during the hatching in the step S2.
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example differs from example 3 in that eugenol in the nutrient solution is replaced with tea polyphenol during hatching of fertilized eggs in the step S2.
Comparative example 4
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that in the juvenile fish stage in the artificial breeding of S3, the salinity of pond water is adjusted to be 18-20, the water temperature is 12-23 ℃, the pH value is 5-8, and the juvenile fish biological bait is fed for 3-5 times a day without adjusting the water temperature for culture.
Determination of results
Carrying out component determination on adult epinephelus malabaricus:
(1) mucus content of fish body
After juvenile epinephelus malabaricus of examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-4 of the invention is cultured to adult fish by adopting a common culture method, detecting skin mucus cells of the adult fish. Random sampling under microscope, using a micrometer ruler, counting a total of 30 slices, each slice being at 200 times 0.20mm2The number of mucus cells counted under a field of view of a circle, the diameter of which is 0.45mmThen multiplied by 6.25, i.e. per mm2Number of mucus cells in the middle.
Distribution of mucus cells in adult fish skin (individual/mm)2)
| Item | Abdominal skin | Body side skin | Skin of head and back | Skin of fish fin |
| Example 1 | 156.6 | 190.4 | 168.6 | 134.4 |
| Example 2 | 160.7 | 198.3 | 169.0 | 130.9 |
| Example 3 | 168.9 | 196.4 | 169.3 | 136.7 |
| Example 4 | 169.2 | 186.6 | 156.4 | 131.6 |
| Example 5 | 163.0 | 187.7 | 154.3 | 138.7 |
| Example 6 | 165.6 | 168.6 | 150.1 | 125.2 |
| Example 7 | 159.1 | 163.1 | 157.0 | 127.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 146.6 | 159.2 | 156.7 | 123.4 |
| Comparative example 2 | 128.7 | 146.3 | 123.1 | 102.9 |
| Comparative example 3 | 126.8 | 138.7 | 120.6 | 99.7 |
| Comparative example 4 | 120.2 | 136.6 | 121.5 | 102.3 |
According to the above table, in the breeding method, mucus cells are uniformly distributed in the skin layer of the fish body, and the comparison of examples 1-7 with comparative examples 2 and 3 shows that fertilized eggs are hatched by using nutrient solution to promote the secretion of fish body mucus; compared with the comparative example 4, the fry in each period is cultivated, the stress reaction of the fish body is activated through the variable temperature stress in the juvenile fish period, the fish body moves to promote the microorganisms on the keratinization of the fish body to bulge and protrude the surface of the fish body, and the mucus cell secretion is influenced to a certain degree.
(2) Index of Epinephelus
As can be seen from the above table, the cultured Epinephelus margarita has high total protein and muscle content, and compared with a comparative example, the results show that little phosphorus is removed, no bleeding is caused, and the fish body is healthy under transportation of Epinephelus margarita or other environmental stresses through water quality management, time-phased culture, temperature-variable stress, scientifically prepared bait, feeding density and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. An artificial propagation method of epinephelus margaritifera is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a fish pond: set up 3 continuous type cement ponds, ann has the oxygen-increasing machine respectively, advances drainage system, and simultaneously, the bottom of the pool shovel goes into the weight part ratio and is 0.8~ 1.2: 1-1.5: 0.3-0.6: 1.5-1.9 of corncob particles, organic bentonite, macroporous resin and sweet sorghum straw powder, and compacting and covering the corncob particles, the organic bentonite, the macroporous resin and the sweet sorghum straw powder at the height of 5-8 cm of the bottom of the cement pool;
s2, hatching fertilized eggs: filtering and cleaning fertilized eggs by a 50-80-mesh screen for 1-3 times, soaking the fertilized eggs in a nutrient solution for 2-8 hours, and incubating the fertilized eggs in an indoor seedling raising pond, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from eugenol, lignans, anthocyanins and vitamin E according to the weight part ratio of 1-3: 0.5-1.2: 1-2.5: 2-3;
S3, artificial seedling raising:
and (3) during the fry period: putting the fry into a No. 1 cement pond, adjusting the water salinity of the pond to be 21-25, the water temperature to be 22-26 ℃, and the pH value to be 5-8, and feeding the fry with biological bait, wherein the fry biological bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-33 parts of oysters, 12-21 parts of reinforced rotifers and 20-35 parts of artemia, wherein the feeding amount is 0.3-1.8 times of that of the larval fish;
in the juvenile fish stage: when the fish body grows to 7-10 cm, screening juvenile fish and putting the juvenile fish into a No. 2 cement pond, stocking spirulina, alternanthera philoxeroides and stephania japonica which account for 20-28% of the area of the No. 2 pond, adjusting the salinity of the pond water to 18-20, the water temperature to 12-23 ℃, the pH value to 5-8, feeding juvenile fish biological bait for 3-5 times a day, adjusting the water temperature to 6-10 ℃ after 3-5 days of cultivation, and feeding juvenile fish biological bait for 1-3 times a day, wherein the juvenile fish biological bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of minced fillet, 11-22 parts of clam, 21-35 parts of clamworm and 8-11 parts of lecithin, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.2-0.8 times of that of the young fish;
and (3) during a juvenile fish period: when the fish body>When the fish larvae are 10cm, putting the juvenile fish into a No. 3 cement pond, and splashing a microbial preparation in the pond, wherein the splashing amount is 4-7 mg/m3The microbial preparation comprises 20-23 parts of Micrococcus liragmitis, 30-40 parts of Pseudomonas stutzeri and gamboge30-40 parts of cocci, wherein the effective viable bacteria of the Micrococcus liragensis is 0.2-0.5 multiplied by 10 7CFU/mL, effective viable bacteria of Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.56-0.8 × 108CFU/mL, effective viable bacteria of the luteus coccus luteus is 0.4-1.2 multiplied by 107CFU/mL, adjusting the salinity of the pond water to 21-25, the water temperature to 22-26 ℃, and the pH value to 5-8, and feeding juvenile fish biological bait, wherein the juvenile fish biological bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of fish and shrimp, 12-21 parts of roe, 20-35 parts of clam and 21-35 parts of clamworm, wherein the feeding amount is 0.3-1.8 times of that of juvenile fish.
2. The artificial propagation method of the epinephelus malabaricus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the cement pond is exposed to the sun for 3-6 days.
3. The artificial propagation method of the epinephelus malabaricus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feeding density of the larval fish stage is 10000-13000 tails/m2。
4. The artificial propagation method of the epinephelus malabaricus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feeding density in the juvenile fish period is 8000-10000 tails/m2。
5. The artificial propagation method of the epinephelus malabaricus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feeding density in the juvenile fish stage is 5000-7000 tails/m2。
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