CN114509242A - Method and device for measuring focal length of thermal lens of laser crystal - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring focal length of thermal lens of laser crystal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining the injection pumping power and the output power of a laser to be measured, generating an input power-output power curve, and calculating the real beam waist radius of oscillation laser at a laser crystal at the position where the pumping power is injected according to the input power-output power curve; then according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser, calculating the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens of the laser to be measured and the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through a resonant cavity matrix, taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens as a horizontal coordinate, and taking the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens as a vertical coordinate to draw a target curve; and finally, determining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens on a target curve according to the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal injected with the pumping power to obtain the accurate and higher focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to a method and a device for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal.
Background
The all-solid-state laser has important application value in the basic scientific research fields of quantum information, cold atom physics, precision measurement and the like and the fields of military and national defense and the like such as laser radar, laser remote sensing, satellite communication, navigation and the like due to the characteristics of low noise, narrow line width, perfect beam quality and the like when the all-solid-state laser outputs laser, in the preparation of the high-quality all-solid-state laser, the thermal lens focal length of a laser crystal is used as an important parameter, and the mode matching of pump laser and oscillation laser at the laser crystal is influenced through the spatial distribution of a cavity mode in the laser crystal of a laser resonant cavity, so that the output power of the laser is influenced, the output power and the laser beam quality of the laser are degraded when the thermal lens effect of the laser crystal is serious, and the service life of the laser is influenced.
At present, the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens is mainly measured by the following three methods: the method needs additional detection light, a beam quality analyzer, a wave plate, a beam splitter and other devices and devices, and is complex in device, high in cost and easy to introduce errors; secondly, by adjusting the current of a pumping source, pulse laser emitted by an auxiliary pulse laser is vertically injected into a laser crystal, a focusing point is formed outside the laser crystal, and the focal length of a thermal lens is calculated; and (III) forming an optical resonant cavity by virtue of the electric optical adjusting framework, and automatically measuring the focal length of the thermal lens of the solid laser. The three methods for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens are not high in measurement accuracy, and are not suitable for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens of a laser which is debugged and packaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the conventional method for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens needs an auxiliary tool and has low measurement accuracy, so that the invention provides the method and the device for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens, the structure of a laser does not need to be changed, the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens of the laser to be measured can be measured only by one power meter, the device is simple, the operation is convenient, the cost is low, the measurement accuracy is higher, and the method and the device are suitable for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens of the laser which is debugged, debugged and packaged, and are particularly suitable for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens in an all-solid-state laser with a linear relation of a fundamental frequency laser input-output power curve.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal comprises the following steps:
acquiring injection pumping power and corresponding laser output power of a laser to be tested, and drawing an input-output power curve based on the injection pumping power and the laser output power;
calculating to obtain the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the position of the injection pumping power based on the input-output power curve;
according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, calculating through a resonant cavity matrix to obtain laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length, and drawing a target curve;
based on the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal injected with the pumping power, two corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths are obtained through a target curve and serve as two laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths to be determined;
and calculating the absolute value of the difference between the focal length of the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when the pumping power is injected, and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Further, the calculating a true beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the injection pump power based on the input-output power curve includes:
calculating a laser skew efficiency based on the input-output power curve;
and acquiring the beam waist radius of the pump laser, and calculating to obtain the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser.
Further, the calculating laser tilt efficiency based on the input-output power curve includes:
selecting a set of injection pump power and laser output power above a laser threshold based on the input-output power curve;
calling a laser skew efficiency calculation formula to calculate the selected injection pumping power, the output power and the laser threshold value to obtain laser skew efficiency;
the laser skew efficiency calculation formula specifically comprises:
in the formula etasDenotes the laser oblique efficiency, PoutIndicating the selected output power, PinIndicating the selected input power, PthIndicating the laser threshold.
Further, the calculating a true beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser includes:
calculating the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser by calling a laser beam waist radius calculation formula to obtain the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected;
the laser beam waist radius calculation formula specifically comprises:
in the formula, ωcRepresenting the true beam waist radius, omega, of the oscillating laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injectedpRepresenting the beam waist radius, η, of the pump lasersRepresents the laser skew efficiency; m represents a calculation parameter in the laser beam waist radius calculation formula,
wherein v islIndicating output laser frequency, vpRepresenting the pump laser frequency, T representing the transmission of the output coupling mirror in the laser under test, δ representing the intracavity loss of the laser under test, ηaShows the absorption efficiency, eta, of the gain medium to the pump lasera1-exp (- α l), whichIn the formula, α represents the absorption coefficient of the gain medium in the laser to be tested to the pump laser, and l represents the radial length of the gain medium.
Further, the step of obtaining the focal length of the thermal lens of the laser crystal and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of the thermal lens of each laser crystal through the matrix calculation of the resonant cavity according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured and drawing a target curve includes:
according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, calculating through a resonant cavity matrix to obtain the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens;
and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens as an abscissa, and taking the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens as an ordinate to draw a target curve.
Further, the method for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens further comprises the following steps:
calculating the beam waist radius of the pump laser and the injection pump power by calling a thermal lens focal length calculation formula to obtain the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length when the pump power is injected;
the thermal lens focal length calculation formula specifically includes:
in the formula (f)th3Represents the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length when injecting the pumping power, K represents the thermal conductivity of the laser crystal in the laser to be tested, omegapRepresenting the beam waist radius, η, of the pump laserhRepresenting the thermal load of the laser crystal, PinRepresenting the injection pump power, ηaShows the absorption efficiency, eta, of the gain medium to the pump lasera1-exp (- α l), where α represents the absorption coefficient of the pump laser light by the gain medium in the laser under test, l represents the radial length of the gain medium, and dn/dT represents the thermo-optic coefficient of the refractive index n.
An apparatus for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal, comprising:
the input-output power curve drawing module is used for acquiring the injection pumping power and the corresponding laser output power of the laser to be tested and drawing an input-output power curve based on the injection pumping power and the laser output power;
the real beam waist radius calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal injected with the pumping power based on the input-output power curve;
the target curve drawing module is used for obtaining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through the calculation of the resonant cavity matrix according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, and drawing a target curve;
the focal length to be determined acquisition module is used for acquiring two corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths as two focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined through a target curve based on the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal injected with the pumping power;
and the actual focal length calculating module is used for calculating the absolute value of the difference between the focal length of the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when the pumping power is injected, and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Further, the real beam waist radius calculation module comprises:
a laser skew efficiency calculation unit for calculating laser skew efficiency based on the input-output power curve;
and the real beam waist radius calculation unit is used for acquiring the beam waist radius of the pump laser and calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser.
A laser applied to the method for measuring the thermal lens focal length of the laser crystal comprises a pump laser source, a coupling system, a power meter and a laser resonant cavity formed by an input coupling mirror, a first high reflection mirror, a second high reflection mirror and an output coupling mirror, wherein the laser resonant cavity is sequentially provided with the laser crystal and an optical isolator;
the laser is transmitted to the input coupling mirror after being coupled by the coupling system, the input coupling mirror transmits the received laser to the first high-reflection mirror through the laser crystal and the optical isolator, the first high-reflection mirror reflects the received laser to the second high-reflection mirror, the second high-reflection mirror transmits the received laser to the output coupling mirror, and the output coupling mirror transmits the received laser to the input coupling mirror; the power meter is used to measure the output power when the output coupling mirror 6 outputs the laser.
Further, the pump laser source adopts a fiber coupled laser diode, the input coupling mirror adopts a concave lens, the first high-reflection mirror adopts a convex lens, and the second high-reflection mirror and the output coupling mirror are plano-concave lenses.
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, which are characterized in that an input power-output power curve is generated by acquiring the injection pumping power and the output power of a laser to be measured, and the real beam waist radius of laser oscillation at a laser crystal at the position where the pump power is injected is calculated according to the input power-output power curve; then according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser, calculating the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens of the laser to be measured and the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through a resonant cavity matrix, taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens as an abscissa, and taking the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens as an ordinate to draw a target curve; and finally, determining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens on a target curve according to the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal where the pumping power is injected, so as to obtain the accurate and higher focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating step S20 in fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser principle applied to a method for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of input-output power curves in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of a target curve in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal, comprising:
s10: obtaining the injection pumping power P of the laser to be testedinAnd corresponding laser output power poutAnd based on the injected pump power PinAnd laser output power poutAnd (5) drawing an input-output power curve.
The laser to be measured in this embodiment is an all-solid-state continuous wave laser of a four-mirror annular cavity structure.
S20: calculating to obtain the pumping power P during injection based on the input-output power curveinTrue beam waist radius omega of the oscillation laser at the laser crystalc。
Specifically, after an input-output power curve is obtained, the laser skew efficiency η is first calculated from the input-output power curves(ii) a Then, the beam waist radius omega of the pumping laser is obtainedpAnd based on the laser oblique efficiency etasAnd the beam waist radius omega of the pump laserpWhen the injection pump power is calculatedTrue beam waist radius omega of oscillation laser at laser crystalc。
S30: according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, the focal length f of the thermal lens of the laser crystal is obtained through the calculation of the resonant cavity matrixthThe real beam waist radius omega of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lenslAnd drawing a target curve.
Wherein the resonant cavity matrix value is an ABCD matrix in the resonant cavity.
Specifically, according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be detected, the focal length f of the thermal lens of the laser crystal is obtained through the calculation of the resonant cavity matrixthThe real beam waist radius omega of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lensl(ii) a Focusing the laser crystal thermal lens fthAs an abscissa, the true beam waist radius omega of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of the thermal lens of each laser crystallAs an ordinate, a target curve is plotted.
S40: based on the true beam waist radius omega of the oscillating laser at the laser crystal where the pump power is injectedcObtaining two corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths through the target curve as two laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths f to be determinedth1、fth2。
S50: calculating the injection pump power PinTime corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length fth3Two laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths f to be determinedth1、fth2And taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with smaller absolute difference value as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Specifically, a thermal lens focal length calculation formula is called to calculate the beam waist radius of the pump laser and the injection pump power, and the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length when the pump power is injected is obtained; then calculating the corresponding focal length f of the laser crystal thermal lens when the pumping power is injectedth3Two laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths f to be determinedth1、fth2Absolute value of difference | f ofth3-fth1|、|fth3-fth2And making the absolute value of the difference smallerThe focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined is used as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
The thermal lens focal length calculation formula specifically includes:
in the formula (f)th3Represents the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length when injecting the pumping power, K represents the thermal conductivity of the laser crystal in the laser to be tested, omegapRepresenting the beam waist radius, η, of the pump laserhRepresenting the thermal load of the laser crystal, PinRepresenting the injection pump power, ηaShows the absorption efficiency, eta, of the gain medium to the pump lasera1-exp (- α l), where α represents the absorption coefficient of the pump laser light by the gain medium in the laser under test, l represents the radial length of the gain medium, and dn/dT represents the thermo-optic coefficient of the refractive index n.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, step S20, calculating a true beam waist radius of the laser oscillating at the laser crystal at the injection pump power based on the input-output power curve, specifically includes the following steps:
s21: laser skew efficiency was calculated based on the input-output power curve.
Specifically, after an input-output power curve is obtained, a group of injection pumping power and laser output power are selected at a position higher than a laser threshold value based on the input-output power curve, and a laser tilt efficiency calculation formula is called to calculate the selected injection pumping power, output power and laser threshold value, so that the laser tilt efficiency is obtained.
The laser oblique efficiency calculation formula specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula etasDenotes the laser oblique efficiency, poutIndicating the selected output power, PinIndicating the selected input power, PthIndicating the laser threshold.
S22: and acquiring the beam waist radius of the pump laser, and calculating to obtain the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser.
Specifically, a laser beam waist radius calculation formula is called to calculate the laser skew efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser, and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected is obtained.
The laser beam waist radius calculation formula specifically comprises:
in the formula, ωcRepresenting the true beam waist radius, omega, of the oscillating laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injectedpRepresenting the beam waist radius, η, of the pump lasersRepresents the laser skew efficiency; m represents a calculation parameter in a laser beam waist radius calculation formula, the calculation parameter is actually the laser skew efficiency under the condition of strong pumping output,
wherein v islIndicating output laser frequency, vpRepresenting the pump laser frequency, T representing the transmission of the output coupling mirror in the laser under test, δ representing the intracavity loss of the laser under test, ηaShows the absorption efficiency, eta, of the gain medium to the pump lasera1-exp (- α l), where α represents the absorption coefficient of the pump laser light by the gain medium in the laser under test, and l represents the radial length of the gain medium.
The invention provides a method for measuring the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, which comprises the steps of generating an input power-output power curve by acquiring the injection pumping power and the output power of a laser to be measured, and calculating the real beam waist radius of laser oscillation at a laser crystal at the injection pumping power according to the input power-output power curve; then according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser, calculating the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens of the laser to be measured and the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through a resonant cavity matrix, taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens as an abscissa, and taking the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens as an ordinate to draw a target curve; and finally, determining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens on a target curve according to the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal where the pumping power is injected, so as to obtain the accurate and higher focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, this embodiment provides a device for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal, which corresponds to the method for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal in embodiment 1, and includes an input-output power curve drawing module 10, a true beam waist radius calculating module 20, a target curve drawing module 30, a to-be-determined focal length obtaining module 40, and an actual focal length calculating module 50. The functional modules are explained in detail as follows:
and the input-output power curve drawing module 10 is used for acquiring the injection pump power and the corresponding laser output power of the laser to be tested, and drawing an input-output power curve based on the injection pump power and the laser output power.
And the real beam waist radius calculation module 20 is used for calculating and obtaining the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the position of the injection pumping power based on the input-output power curve.
And the target curve drawing module 30 is configured to obtain the focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lenses and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through resonant cavity matrix calculation according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, and draw a target curve.
And the focal length to be determined acquisition module 40 is configured to obtain two corresponding focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lens through the target curve as two focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined based on the true beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal where the pumping power is injected.
And the actual focal length calculating module 50 is configured to calculate an absolute value of a difference between the focal length of the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when the pumping power is injected, and use the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined, which has a smaller absolute value of the difference, as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Further, the real beam waist radius calculation module 20 includes a laser skew efficiency calculation unit and a real beam waist radius calculation unit.
And the laser skew efficiency calculating unit is used for calculating the laser skew efficiency based on the input-output power curve.
And the real beam waist radius calculation unit is used for acquiring the beam waist radius of the pump laser and calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser.
For specific definition of a device for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens, reference may be made to the above definition of a method for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens, and details are not repeated here.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, this embodiment provides a laser applied to the method for measuring the focal length of the thermal lens of the laser crystal in embodiment 1, and the laser includes a pump laser source 1, a coupling system 2, a power meter 9, and a laser cavity formed by an input coupling mirror 3, a first high-reflection mirror 4, a second high-reflection mirror 5, and an output coupling mirror 6, and the laser cavity is sequentially provided with a laser crystal 7 and an optical isolator 8.
The pump laser source 1 emits laser, the laser is coupled by the coupling system 2 and then transmitted to the input coupling mirror 3, the input coupling mirror 3 transmits the received light to the first high-reflection mirror 4 through the laser crystal 7 and the optical isolator 8, the first high-reflection mirror 4 reflects the received light to the second high-reflection mirror 5, the second high-reflection mirror 5 transmits the received light to the output coupling mirror 6, and the output coupling mirror 6 transmits the received light to the input coupling mirror 3; the power meter 9 is used for measuring the laser output power when the output coupling mirror 6 outputs laser so as to draw a laser input-output power curve.
Further, the pump laser source 1 adopts a fiber coupled laser diode, the input coupling mirror 3 adopts a concave lens, the first high-reflection mirror 4 adopts a convex lens, and the second high-reflection mirror 5 and the output coupling mirror 6 adopt a plano-concave lens.
Specifically, the input coupling mirror 3 adopts a concave lens with the curvature radius of 1500mm, and the concave lens is plated with a 888nm high-transmittance film with the light transmittance of more than 99.5% and a 1064nm high-reflectance film with the light reflectance of more than 99.7%; the first high-reflection mirror 4 adopts a convex lens with the curvature radius of 1500mm, and the convex lens is plated with a 1064nm high-reflection film with the reflection rate of more than 99.7 percent; the second high-reflection mirror 5 adopts a plano-concave lens with the curvature radius of-100 mm, and a 1064nm high-reflection film with the reflection rate of more than 99.7 percent is plated on the plano-concave lens; the output coupling mirror 6 is a plano-concave lens with a curvature radius of-100 mm, which is coated with a light-transmitting film of 1064nm with a transmittance of 20%.
The pump source 1 adopts an 888nm optical fiber coupling laser diode, the diameter of a fiber core of the coupling optical fiber is 400 mu m, and the numerical aperture is 0.22; the waist spot of the laser emitted by the pump source 1 and focused at the center of the laser crystal 7 by the coupling system 2 is 0.570 mm; the laser crystal 7 is composed of a 3mm undoped end cap, and 20mm composite YV0 doped with Nd at 0.8 at%4/Nd：YVO4(S1，S2：AR888m；1064nm) The rear end of the laser crystal is cut at a small angle of 1.5 degrees so as to ensure the stable polarization of the laser.
In order to eliminate the spatial hole burning effect and achieve the unidirectional propagation of laser, an optical isolator 8 consisting of 8mm long terbium gallium garnet TGG crystal and a half-wave plate is used in the laser resonant cavity. The optical path from the input coupling mirror 3 to the center of the laser crystal 7 is 10mm, the optical path from the center of the laser crystal 7 to the high reflecting mirror 4 is 120mm, the optical path from the high reflecting mirror 4 to the high reflecting mirror 5 is 128mm, the optical path between the high reflecting mirror 5 and the output coupling mirror 6 is 96mm, and the optical path from the output coupling mirror 6 to the input coupling mirror 3 is 125 mm.
According to a calculation formula of the absorption efficiency of the gain medium to the laser: etaaThe absorption efficiency of the laser crystal is calculated and obtained according to the wave bands of laser emitted by the pump laser source and output laser at the same time, wherein the wave bands are 1-exp (-alpha l), alpha is 1.07/cm and l is 20 mm:
by lifting or loweringThe injection pump power of 888nm pump laser source, the laser output power of 1064nm output laser was measured with a power meter 9, and the input-output power curve of the laser was made, as shown in fig. 5. Reading the laser threshold P from FIG. 5th32.33W, a set of injection pump powers P is chosen above the lasing thresholdin58W and corresponding laser output power Pout13.35W, according to the formula
Calculating to obtain the actual laser oblique efficiency of the laser
Measuring the actual parameter eta of the lasera＝1-exp(-107*0.02)，
The transmittance T of the output coupling mirror of the laser is 20%, the intra-cavity loss δ of the laser is 4.7%, and the beam waist radius ω of the pump laserpSubstitution of 0.533mm
In (1), calculating to obtain omegac＝0.408mm。
In the laser resonator, the optical path from the input coupling mirror 3 to the center of the laser crystal 7 is 10mm, the optical path from the center of the laser crystal 7 to the high reflecting mirror 4 is 120mm, the optical path from the high reflecting mirror 4 to the high reflecting mirror 5 is 128mm, the optical path between the high reflecting mirror 5 and the output coupling mirror 6 is 96mm, and the optical path from the output coupling mirror 6 to the input coupling mirror 3 is 125 mm. According to the cavity structure parameters of the laser, calculating by using an ABCD matrix in the resonant cavity to obtain the focal length f of the laser crystal thermal lensthAs the abscissa and with the true beam waist radius omega of the laser light oscillated at the laser crystallIs a graph on the ordinate, as shown in fig. 6. By making omegal＝ωc0.408mm, and an abscissa f corresponding to an ordinate of 0.408mm is obtainedth1＝72.6mm、fth2＝211.7mm。
According to a thermal lens focal length calculation formula:
wherein eta ishRepresenting the thermal load of the laser crystal etah0.26; k represents the thermal conductivity of the laser crystal, and K is 5.2W/mK; omegapRepresents the beam waist radius of the pump laser; dn/dT represents thermo-optic coefficient of refractive index n, and dn/dT is 3.0 x 10-6/K；Pin＝58W，ηa1-exp (-107 × 0.02), calculated to give fth3＝232.4mm。
Wherein, | fth3-fth1|＝159.8mm，|fth3-fth2|＝20.7mm，|fth3-fth1|＞|fth3-fth2I, therefore, at the injection of the pump power PinWhen f is 58Wth2211.7mm is the actual thermal lens focal length of the laser crystal in the laser.
It should be noted that the numerical values in the above embodiments are only examples, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the embodiments.
The above embodiments are provided to further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring injection pump power and corresponding laser output power of a laser to be detected, and drawing an input-output power curve based on the injection pump power and the laser output power;
calculating to obtain the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the position of the injection pumping power based on the input-output power curve;
according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, calculating through a resonant cavity matrix to obtain laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length, and drawing a target curve;
based on the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal injected with the pumping power, two corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths are obtained through a target curve and serve as two laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths to be determined;
and calculating the absolute value of the difference between the focal length of the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when the pumping power is injected, and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating a true beam waist radius of the laser oscillating at the laser crystal at the injection pump power based on the input-output power curve comprises:
calculating a laser skew efficiency based on the input-output power curve;
and acquiring the beam waist radius of the pump laser, and calculating to obtain the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser.
3. The method for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens according to claim 2, wherein the calculating the laser tilt efficiency based on the input-output power curve comprises:
selecting a set of injection pump power and laser output power above a laser threshold based on the input-output power curve;
calling a laser skew efficiency calculation formula to calculate the selected injection pumping power, the output power and the laser threshold value to obtain laser skew efficiency;
the laser skew efficiency calculation formula specifically comprises:
in the formula etasDenotes the laser oblique efficiency, poutIndicating the selected output power, PinIndicating the selected input power, PthIndicating the laser threshold.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the calculating a true beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when injecting the pump power based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser comprises:
calculating the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser by calling a laser beam waist radius calculation formula to obtain the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected;
the laser beam waist radius calculation formula specifically comprises:
in the formula, ωcRepresenting the true beam waist radius, omega, of the oscillating laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injectedpRepresenting the beam waist radius, η, of the pump lasersRepresents the laser skew efficiency; m represents a calculation parameter in the laser beam waist radius calculation formula,
wherein v islIndicating output laser frequency, vpRepresenting the pump laser frequency, T representing the transmission of the output coupling mirror in the laser under test, δ representing the intracavity loss of the laser under test, ηaShows the absorption efficiency, eta, of the gain medium to the pump lasera1-exp (- α l), where α represents the gain medium in the laser under testFor the absorption coefficient of the pump laser, l represents the radial length of the gain medium.
5. The method for measuring the focal length of the thermal lens of the laser crystal according to claim 1, wherein the step of drawing a target curve according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured and the focal length of the thermal lens of the laser crystal and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of the thermal lens of the laser crystal through the resonant cavity matrix calculation comprises:
according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, calculating through a resonant cavity matrix to obtain laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length;
and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens as an abscissa, and taking the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens as an ordinate to draw a target curve.
6. The method for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
calculating the beam waist radius of the pump laser and the injection pump power by calling a thermal lens focal length calculation formula to obtain the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length when the pump power is injected;
the thermal lens focal length calculation formula specifically includes:
in the formula (f)th3Represents the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length when injecting the pumping power, K represents the thermal conductivity of the laser crystal in the laser to be tested, omegapRepresenting the beam waist radius, η, of the pump laserhRepresenting the thermal load of the laser crystal, PinRepresenting the injection pump power, ηaShowing the absorption efficiency of the pump laser by the gain medium,ηa1-exp (- α l), where α represents the absorption coefficient of the pump laser light by the gain medium in the laser under test, l represents the radial length of the gain medium, and dn/dT represents the thermo-optic coefficient of the refractive index n.
7. An apparatus for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal, comprising:
the input-output power curve drawing module is used for acquiring the injection pumping power and the corresponding laser output power of the laser to be tested and drawing an input-output power curve based on the injection pumping power and the laser output power;
the real beam waist radius calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal injected with the pumping power based on the input-output power curve;
the target curve drawing module is used for calculating the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through a resonant cavity matrix according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, and drawing a target curve;
the focal length to be determined acquisition module is used for acquiring two corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths as two focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined through a target curve based on the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal injected with the pumping power;
and the actual focal length calculating module is used for calculating the absolute value of the difference between the focal length of the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when the pumping power is injected, and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the true beam waist radius calculation module comprises:
a laser skew efficiency calculation unit for calculating laser skew efficiency based on the input-output power curve;
and the real beam waist radius calculation unit is used for acquiring the beam waist radius of the pump laser and calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser.
9. A laser applied to the method for measuring the thermal lens focal length of the laser crystal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a pump laser source (1), a coupling system (2), a power meter (9), and a laser resonant cavity formed by an input coupling mirror (3), a first high-reflection mirror (4), a second high-reflection mirror (5) and an output coupling mirror (6), wherein the laser resonant cavity is provided with a laser crystal (7) and an optical isolator (8) in sequence;
the laser coupling method comprises the steps that a pump laser source (1) emits laser, the laser is coupled by a coupling system (2) and then transmitted to an input coupling mirror (3), the input coupling mirror (3) transmits the received laser to a first high-reflection mirror (4) through a laser crystal (7) and an optical isolator (8), the first high-reflection mirror (4) reflects the received laser to a second high-reflection mirror (5), the second high-reflection mirror (5) transmits the received laser to an output coupling mirror (6), and the output coupling mirror (6) transmits the received laser to the input coupling mirror (3); the power meter 9 is used to measure the output power when the laser light is output from the output coupling mirror 6.
10. A laser according to claim 9,
the pump laser source (1) adopts an optical fiber coupling laser diode, the input coupling mirror (3) adopts a concave lens, the first high reflection mirror (4) adopts a convex lens, and the second high reflection mirror (5) and the output coupling mirror (6) adopt a plano-concave lens.
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