CN114504931A - Hydrogen sulfide absorption device and absorption method - Google Patents
Hydrogen sulfide absorption device and absorption method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114504931A CN114504931A CN202011279156.XA CN202011279156A CN114504931A CN 114504931 A CN114504931 A CN 114504931A CN 202011279156 A CN202011279156 A CN 202011279156A CN 114504931 A CN114504931 A CN 114504931A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1468—Removing hydrogen sulfide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
- B01D53/185—Liquid distributors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen sulfide absorption device and a method, wherein the device comprises: the liquid distributor is arranged in an air-liquid absorption cavity and is constructed by a curved surface, and the liquid distributor receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle and forms a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor; absorption tubes which are arranged in a row below the liquid distributor and absorb the impact of liquid drops formed from the liquid film; the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a transverse or cross flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction. The device and the method of the invention enable the absorption liquid to periodically drop by drop between the tubes in the form of liquid drops and to generate countercurrent or cross-flow contact with the hydrogen sulfide gas, thereby not only effectively promoting the absorption of the low-concentration hydrogen sulfide, but also achieving the effect of water saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of leakage prevention of hydrogen sulfide, in particular to a hydrogen sulfide absorption device and a hydrogen sulfide absorption method.
Background
Natural gas is a fossil energy with high energy and no pollution, and is the main direction of new energy in the 21 st century in China. 1/4, the hydrogen sulfide concentration in natural gas reserves of China is more than 1 percent, which accounts for the total reserves, in recent years, the natural gas fields produced contain high-concentration hydrogen sulfide, for example, the content of the hydrogen sulfide in natural gas reservoirs in northern areas of the east of Chuan of China is as high as 15 percent, once the hydrogen sulfide leakage occurs, the hydrogen sulfide leakage can form a great threat to the life and property safety of the masses, and the hydrogen sulfide leakage is a dangerous substance which must be eliminated or controlled. At present, Claus high-temperature desulfurization and alcohol amine absorption desulfurization are mainly used for removing hydrogen sulfide in the industry, the processes are mature, sulfur-containing gas can be well purified, the equipment volume is large, the equipment is only suitable for removing high-concentration hydrogen sulfide, and the emergency treatment of hydrogen sulfide leakage in the natural gas exploitation and gathering process cannot be met.
The hydrogen sulfide gas leaked to the environment contains a large amount of methane and air which cannot be absorbed, and along with the absorption, the methane and the air are gradually gathered at a gas-liquid interface, so that the diffusion of the hydrogen sulfide at the position close to the interface is blocked, and the absorption effect is reduced. Meanwhile, compared with other harmful gases, the absorption and disposal of hydrogen sulfide are characterized by extremely low emission index, generally lower than 20ppm, the disturbance effect on unabsorbed gas of a packing tower adopted at the present stage is weak, the absorption effect on leaked hydrogen sulfide is not good, the volume of equipment is increased by large liquid-gas operation for strengthening absorption, and the gas-liquid ratio even reaches 1:10, so that the small and exquisite and quick emergency requirements of a complicated-terrain gas field cannot be met. In addition, the increase of the flow of the absorption liquid also increases the thickness of a liquid film and reduces the mass transfer driving force, so that a water-saving hydrogen sulfide leakage-prevention treatment device and method need to be developed urgently, and the device and method have important significance for natural gas exploitation and gathering and transportation.
Chinese patent application CN105056718A relates to a high-efficient water conservation wet flue gas desulfurization absorption tower, including the absorption tower body, store the thick liquid section, absorbent circulation sprays the pipeline, in the tower recovery water collection device, flue gas condensing equipment in the tower, the recovery water collects the sediment device outside the tower, the defroster, flue gas entry and exhanst gas outlet, this internal by supreme absorbent circulation that sets gradually of absorption tower between exhanst gas outlet and flue gas entry sprays the pipeline down, in the tower recovery water collection device, flue gas condensing equipment and defroster in the tower, the recovery water collection sediment device sets up outside the absorption tower this body. The scheme absorption tower can efficiently recover condensed water and demister washing water in desulfurized flue gas, saves energy, and reduces water consumption of a wet desulphurization system, thereby greatly reducing consumption of process water of the desulphurization system and achieving the effect of water conservation.
Chinese patent CN100469420C introduces the composite ion absorption liquid and low-concentration hydrogen sulfide waste gas into an impinging stream reactor, controls the reaction temperature at 50-80 ℃, controls the volume ratio of oxygen content in the waste gas at 0.5-20%, carries out absorption purification reaction, takes out the absorption liquid for filtration after the reaction reaches 70% of purification efficiency, carries out drum oxygen regeneration on the filtrate, and can keep the purification efficiency of the hydrogen sulfide at more than 95% for a long time.
In the prior art, much attention is paid to the synthesis of a novel absorbent and the research and development of absorption equipment, the water-saving form adopted by related patents is mostly recycled, the research of a water-saving leaked hydrogen sulfide treatment process and a strengthening method is lacked, and the influence of methane and air on the absorption of leaked hydrogen sulfide is not considered.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen sulfide absorption device and a hydrogen sulfide absorption method, so that absorption liquid periodically drops in a pipe in a liquid drop mode and is in countercurrent or cross-current contact with hydrogen sulfide gas, absorption of low-concentration hydrogen sulfide can be effectively promoted, and a water-saving effect can be achieved.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydrogen sulfide absorption device comprising: the liquid distributor is arranged in an air-liquid absorption cavity and is constructed by a curved surface, and the liquid distributor receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle and forms a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor; absorption tubes which are arranged in a row below the liquid distributor and absorb the impact of liquid drops formed from the liquid film; the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a transverse or cross flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction.
Further, in the technical scheme, the outer surface of the liquid distributor is coated with a hydrophilic material; the liquid distributor constructed by the curved surface is integrally egg-shaped (in cross section), and the diameter of the upper half part of the egg-shaped structure is larger than that of the lower half part of the egg-shaped structure.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is uniformly distributed in the gas-liquid absorption cavity through the gas phase inlet distributor and then contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a transverse glancing or cross-flow manner.
Further, in the technical scheme, the uniform liquid film formed at the bottom of the liquid distributor impacts the surface of the absorption tube in a dropwise manner under the action of liquid surface tension, viscous force and gravity.
Further, among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the gas-liquid absorption cavity is separated into a plurality of hydrogen sulfide gas absorption storehouses through inside baffle, and the gaseous phase that contains the hydrogen sulfide is absorbed alone in proper order in absorbing the storehouse.
Further, in the above technical scheme, after the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is subjected to absorption reaction in the previous absorption bin, the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is redistributed by the absorption connecting pipe and the gas phase inlet distributor, and then enters the next absorption bin for absorption.
Further, in the above technical solution, the surface of the absorption tube is a hydrophilic surface and is provided with a flow guide unit, and the flow guide unit may be a fin-shaped convex structure, a herringbone convex structure and/or a circular arc convex structure which are uniformly arranged in rows.
Further, among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the protruding structure of wing shape has three-dimensional curved surface shape, specifically includes: a tip for piercing a non-absorbing gas layer at an interface formed by methane and air in a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase; and the wingspan section extends from the tip to two sides along the axial direction of the absorption tube and is used for blocking the absorption liquid from moving along the circumferential direction of the absorption tube and guiding the absorption liquid to move axially along the wingspan of the wing-shaped convex structure.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the whole absorption tubes can be arranged in a rectangular mode or in a regular triangular mode. The number of the tube rows in the vertical direction of the absorption tubes can be less than or equal to 10; if the number of rows exceeds 10, the liquid distributor is added to the part exceeding 10 for secondary liquid distribution.
Further, in the above technical scheme, a cooling water unit is arranged at the end of the absorption tube, and the cooling water unit exchanges heat through the tube pass of the horizontally placed absorption tube; the cooling water unit comprises a cooling water inlet positioned at the upper part of the gas-liquid absorption cavity, a cooling water outlet positioned at the lower part of the gas-liquid absorption cavity and a multi-tube-pass distribution baffle plate between the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet.
Further, in the above technical solution, the surface contact angle of the absorber tube is lower than 40 °; the minimum flow rate of the absorption liquid wetting the surface of the absorption tube is less than 0.035 kg/ms.
Further, in the above technical solution, the arrangement interval of the fin-shaped protrusion structures along the circumferential direction of the absorption tube may be 30 to 120 °; the width of the fin-shaped protrusion structure may be 0.5 to 1.0 cm; the span of the fin-shaped raised structure may range from 5 to 15 mm; the thickness of the fin-shaped protrusion structure may be 0.5 to 1.0 cm.
In order to achieve the above object, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydrogen sulfide absorption method comprising the steps of: forming a uniform liquid film at the bottom of a liquid distributor in the gas-liquid absorption cavity; the liquid film is impacted on the surface of the absorption tube in a dropwise mode to be absorbed under the action of liquid surface tension, viscous force and gravity; the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a transverse or cross flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is absorbed in the gas-liquid absorption cavity for multiple times, and after the previous absorption bin performs absorption reaction, the gas phase is redistributed by the absorption connecting pipe and the gas phase inlet distributor and enters the next absorption bin for absorption.
Further, in the above technical solution, in the process that the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a cross-flow or cross-flow manner in the gas-liquid absorption cavity, the method further includes: piercing the interface formed by methane and air in the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase to not absorb the gas layer; the absorption liquid is blocked from moving along the circumferential direction of the absorption tube and is guided to move along the axial direction of the absorption tube.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the device and the method are suitable for emergency absorption of leaked hydrogen sulfide with the concentration of hydrogen sulfide lower than 5000 ppm;
2) through liquid circulation, gas phase repeated absorption, surface wettability change and configuration change, absorption liquid is subjected to repeated cross flow contact with hydrogen sulfide gas in a dropwise manner in the whole reaction cavity, so that the consumption of the absorption liquid is remarkably reduced;
3) by using the device, the total absorption liquid dosage is 1/8-1/3 of a common packed tower, thereby ensuring the mass transfer performance and reducing the water consumption of equipment;
4) the curved surface liquid distributor with the egg-shaped section can spontaneously form a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the curved surface liquid distributor under the influence of the long diameter at the top and the short diameter at the bottom to form a dropwise dropping sample state;
5) the design of the fin-shaped raised structure on the absorber tube is such that the tip of the structure can pierce the interface formed by methane and air in the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase without absorbing the gas layer. The wingspan section of the structure can block the circumferential movement of the absorption liquid along the absorption tube and guide the absorption liquid to perform axial movement along the wingspan of the wing-shaped convex structure, so that the axial spreading width and area of the liquid film are effectively increased.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the technical means implementable in accordance with the contents of the description, and to make the above and other objects, technical features, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, one or more preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a hydrogen sulfide absorption apparatus according to the present invention (the direction of the dotted arrow in the figure is the liquid flow direction).
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the hydrogen sulfide absorption apparatus according to the present invention (in a direction perpendicular to the view of FIG. 1; the direction of the broken-line arrows indicates the flow direction of the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas).
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bin in the hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to the present invention (the direction of the dotted arrow in the figure indicates the gas flow direction).
FIG. 4-A is a front view of a fin-shaped protrusion structure on the surface of an absorber tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 4-B is a perspective view of a fin-shaped raised structure on the surface of an absorber tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the hydrogen sulfide absorption apparatus of the present invention with the addition of a cooling water unit.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1-a gas-liquid absorption cavity, 2-a liquid distributor, 3-an absorption pipe, 4-an absorption liquid inlet, 5-an absorption liquid outlet, 6-a hydrogen sulfide gas inlet, 7-a tail gas outlet, 8-a gas inlet distributor, 9-an internal baffle, 10-an outlet demister, 12-a gas absorption bin, 13-a nozzle, 16-a cooling water inlet, 17-a cooling water outlet and 18-a distribution baffle;
31-wing-shaped bulge, 311-tip, 312-span segment.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
Spatially relative terms, such as "below," "lower," "upper," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the object in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the items in the figures are turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of below and above. The article may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.
In this document, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish two different elements or portions, and are not used to define a particular position or relative relationship. In other words, the terms "first," "second," and the like may also be interchanged with one another in some embodiments.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the hydrogen sulfide absorption apparatus includes a gas-liquid absorption chamber 1, a liquid distributor 2, an absorption pipe 3, an absorption liquid inlet 4, an absorption liquid outlet 5, a hydrogen sulfide gas inlet 6, a tail gas outlet 7, a gas inlet distributor 8, an internal baffle 9, an outlet demister 10, a nozzle 13, and the like, and the above components of the present invention divide the movement of hydrogen sulfide in the gas chamber into a plurality of independent and interconnected treatment bins, i.e., a hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bin 12 in fig. 3.
In the hydrogen sulfide absorption apparatus according to example 1, the liquid distributor 2 is disposed in the gas-liquid absorption chamber 1 and is constructed by a curved surface, the absorption liquid enters from the absorption liquid inlet 4 and is sprayed to the liquid distributor 2 by the nozzle 13, and the liquid distributor 2 receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle 13 and forms a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor 2. The absorption tubes 3 are arranged in a row below the liquid distributor 2 and absorb the impact from the liquid droplets formed by the liquid film. The gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is uniformly distributed under the action of a gas phase inlet distributor 8 in the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1, and the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is contacted with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube 3 in a transverse or cross-flow mode after being uniformly distributed to carry out absorption reaction. Preferably, but not limitatively, the absorption tubes 3 are arranged in a rectangular manner or in a regular triangular manner as a whole. The number of the rows of the absorption tubes in the vertical direction is generally less than or equal to 10, and if more than 10 rows are required, the liquid distributor 2 is added to the part exceeding 10 rows for secondary liquid distribution so as to ensure that no bias flow occurs. Further, the absorber tube 3 is subjected to hydrophilic treatment, and the surface contact angle is lower than 40 degrees; the minimum flow rate of the absorption liquid wetting the surface of the absorption tube is less than 0.035 kg/ms. The corresponding spray Re number is about 140, and considering that the absorption liquid is not easy to be completely wetted due to bias flow, the corresponding spray Re number is about 180, the gas-liquid circulation ratio is lower than 1:4 and far lower than the working flow of the packed tower, and the liquid consumption is about 1/4-1/3 of the packed tower.
As further shown in fig. 2, the outer surface of the liquid distributor 2 is coated with a hydrophilic material, which may be a dense hydrophilic copper coating; the liquid distributor 2 constructed by the curved surface is in an egg shape (cross section shape) as a whole, and the diameter of the upper half part of the egg-shaped structure is larger than that of the lower half part. When the device is operated, liquid sprayed out of the nozzle 13 is influenced by the long diameter at the top and the short diameter at the bottom of the curved surface liquid distributor 2, and a uniform liquid film is spontaneously formed at the bottom of the curved surface liquid distributor. The uniform liquid film formed at the bottom of the liquid distributor 2 is impacted on the surface of the absorption tube 3 in a dropwise manner to be absorbed under the action of the surface tension, the viscous force and the gravity of the liquid. The absorption liquid which drops dropwise after passing through the liquid distributor 2 can periodically transfer mass with hydrogen sulfide gas due to the characteristic of the self-dropwise flow of the horizontal absorption tube, the interval time is usually 0.2-0.5 s, and the absorption liquid finally converges to the absorption liquid storage tank at the bottom after being converted by multiple liquid drops and liquid films of the absorption tube so as to prevent the blockage of the liquid stored at the bottom to a hydrogen sulfide flow channel in the cavity.
As further shown in fig. 3, a relatively closed hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bin 12 is formed inside the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1 through the internal baffle 9 and the gas inlet distributor 8, the gas containing hydrogen sulfide passes through the absorption tube 3 after being uniformly distributed for multiple times, and is redistributed through the gas inlet distributor 8 after passing through the absorption tube every time, an absorption liquid storage tank (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1 and is used for storing absorption liquid, the gas after absorption is discharged from the top tail gas outlet 7, and the liquid phase is circulated and supplemented through a circulating pump. The gas which is absorbed is analyzed by the concentration of the outlet, the gas which meets the emission requirement is discharged from the gas phase discharge port and enters the atmosphere, and the gas which does not meet the set concentration requirement is mixed with the gas at the inlet through the gas phase circulation pipeline and then returns to the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1 again. The absorption liquid after reaction is detected by a concentration pH meter at the bottom of the device, and is supplemented by an absorption liquid inlet 4 when the concentration is low, and the absorption liquid which does not meet the requirement is discharged by an absorption liquid outlet 5 at the bottom.
As further shown in fig. 1 to 3, the tower of the hydrogen sulfide absorption unit of the present invention is generally rectangular, and may also be circular in case of operating pressure requirements, mainly to provide the temperature and pressure environment required by the process for operation. In addition, the invention can connect the tower bodies in series or in parallel according to the absorption efficiency and the treatment capacity, in the series state, the absorption liquid flows in the absorption devices in turn by gravity, and the gas phase can be absorbed for many times through the communicating pipe in the device. Preferably, but not limitatively, absorber pipe 3 of the present invention is a falling film absorber pipe, which is generally circular, and can be changed into other shapes such as rectangular, egg-shaped, oval, etc. according to the need, and stainless steel, aluminum brass, and graphite can be used as the absorber pipe material.
Example 2
The main structure of the embodiment 2 of the present invention is substantially the same as that of the embodiment 1, that is, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hydrogen sulfide absorption device comprises a gas-liquid absorption chamber 1, a liquid distributor 2, an absorption pipe 3, an absorption liquid inlet 4, an absorption liquid outlet 5, a hydrogen sulfide gas inlet 6, a tail gas exhaust outlet 7, a gas inlet distributor 8, an internal baffle 9, an outlet demister 10, a nozzle 13, and the like, and the above components of the present invention divide the movement of hydrogen sulfide in the gas chamber into a plurality of independent and interconnected treatment bins, that is, a hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bin 12 in fig. 3.
Similar to example 1, in the hydrogen sulfide absorption apparatus according to example 2, the liquid distributor 2 is disposed in the gas-liquid absorption chamber 1 and is constructed by a curved surface, the absorption liquid enters from the absorption liquid inlet 4 and is sprayed to the liquid distributor 2 by the nozzle 13, and the liquid distributor 2 receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle 13 and forms a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor 2. The absorption tubes 3 are arranged in a row below the liquid distributor 2 and absorb the impact from the liquid droplets formed by the liquid film. The gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is uniformly distributed under the action of a gas phase inlet distributor 8 in the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1, and the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is contacted with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube 3 in a transverse or cross-flow mode after being uniformly distributed to carry out absorption reaction.
Different from the embodiment 1, the pipette of the embodiment 2 adopts the hydrophilic modification treatment specifically based on the embodiment 1, and the surface of the absorption tube is provided with the flow guide units (which play a role in flow guide and flow resistance), and the flow guide units can be a fin-shaped convex structure, a herringbone convex structure and/or a circular arc convex structure which are uniformly arranged in rows. The present embodiment 2 is described by taking the fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 as an example. As shown in fig. 4-a and 4-B, the fin-shaped protrusion 31 is a protrusion having a three-dimensional curved shape closely fitted to the absorber pipe 3, the protrusion being uniformly arranged in a row along the axial direction of the absorber pipe, and each fin-shaped protrusion 31 includes a tip 311 and a span section 312, the tip 311 being capable of piercing the interface formed by methane and air in the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase without absorbing the gas layer. The span section 312 extends from the tip 311 to both sides in the axial direction of the absorption tube 3, and is used for blocking the circumferential movement of the absorption liquid along the absorption tube 3 and guiding the absorption liquid to perform the axial movement (the axial direction of the absorption tube) along the span of the wing-shaped convex structure, thereby effectively increasing the axial spreading width and area of the liquid film.
Preferably but not limitatively, the wing-shaped convex structure 31 and the absorption tube 3 are subjected to super-hydrophilic treatment, the surface contact angle is lower than 5 degrees, the axial spreading width of the absorption liquid is 20-40 mm, the minimum flow rate of the absorption liquid is 0.005-0.025 kg/ms, the corresponding spraying Re number is 20-100, the gas-liquid ratio is 1: 2-1: 3, the optimized minimum gas-liquid ratio can approach 1/8-1/6 of a packed tower, and the liquid phase operation elasticity range is obviously increased.
The fin-shaped convex structures 31 are distributed on the absorption tube 3 according to the Taylor unstable length of the absorption liquid, the preferred distance is about 15-30mm, and liquid films formed by the absorption liquid are mutually alternated and superposed at the middle positions of two adjacent fin-shaped convex structures to generate cooperative fluctuation and promote the updating of the interior of the absorption liquid. Further, the arrangement interval of the fin-shaped projection structures 31 along the circumferential direction of the absorber pipe 3 is 30 to 120 °; the width of the fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 may be 0.5 to 1.0 cm; the span of the fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 may range from 5 to 15 mm; the thickness of the fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 may be 0.5 to 1.0 cm. These preferred configurations facilitate blocking circumferential movement of the absorbent liquid without impeding the absorbent liquid from crossing the fin-shaped projection structure. Through numerical simulation calculation, the fin-shaped convex structure 31 in the range can increase the movement time of the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube 3, promote the three-dimensional movement of the absorption liquid, change the thickness distribution of the absorption liquid, form an internal speed gradient and strengthen absorption.
The absorption liquid is sprayed out through the top nozzle 13, distributed by the coated curved liquid distributor 2 and then impacted on the absorption tube 3, and due to low flow, the absorption liquid impacts the surface of the absorption tube in a dropwise manner, is absorbed, and is spread to a certain distance and then is contacted with the fin-shaped convex structure 31. Absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube 3 is accumulated under the flow guiding and flow resisting effects of the local fin-shaped convex structure, the circumferential kinetic energy disappears, the absorption liquid is redistributed in the axial direction, and the thickness of the liquid film, the retention time of the liquid film and the kinetic energy of the liquid film are redistributed. When the absorption liquid reaches the bottom of the diversion structure, a liquid film formed by the absorption liquid and a liquid film formed by adjacent absorption liquid drops impact, intersect and fluctuate in a coordinated manner on the surface of the absorption tube. The methane and the air which cannot be absorbed are subjected to boundary layer separation in the moving direction after encountering the fin-shaped convex structure, so that severe local disturbance is generated, the hydrogen sulfide in the gas phase is remixed with the methane and the air, and the contact probability of the absorption liquid and the hydrogen sulfide is increased. The flow guiding and blocking structure represented by the fin-shaped convex structure can increase the movement of the gas phase.
Example 3
The hydrogen sulfide absorption device of embodiment 3 of the present invention is similar to embodiments 1 and 2, and is mainly used for disposing leaked low-concentration hydrogen sulfide, reaction heat is usually removed by means of an external heat exchange device, in embodiment 3 of the present invention, a cooling water unit is added on the basis of embodiments 1 and 2, heat removal is performed by means of a tube pass of the absorption tube 3 placed horizontally, as shown in fig. 5, the outside of the absorption liquid absorption tube 3 is operated, cooling water is operated in the tube of the absorption tube 3, cooling water enters from a cooling water inlet 16, and is discharged from a cooling water outlet 17 after passing through a multi-tube pass distribution baffle 18 (distribution baffles with different height differences are arranged at both ends), and heat of reaction is removed from the inside of the device by means of convective heat exchange, so as to maintain a low absorption liquid temperature, which is favorable for absorption.
Example 4
Embodiment 4 of the present invention is a method embodiment, and the hydrogen sulfide absorption method includes the steps of: firstly, forming a uniform liquid film at the bottom of a liquid distributor 2 positioned in a gas-liquid absorption cavity 1; secondly, the liquid film impacts the surface of the absorption tube 3 in a dropwise manner to be absorbed under the action of the surface tension, the viscous force and the gravity of the liquid; and finally, the gas phase containing the hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a transverse or cross-flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1 to carry out absorption reaction.
Preferably, but not limitatively, the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide can be absorbed multiple times in the gas-liquid absorption cavity, and in the multiple absorption, after the previous hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bin 12 is subjected to absorption reaction, the gas phase is redistributed by an absorption connecting pipe (not shown) and the gas phase inlet distributor 8, and then enters the next hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bin 12 for absorption.
Further, in the process that the gas phase containing the hydrogen sulfide contacts the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a transverse or cross-flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity, the method further comprises the following specific steps of: piercing the interface formed by methane and air in the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase to not absorb the gas layer; blocks the circumferential movement of the absorption liquid along the absorption tube 3 and guides the axial movement of the absorption liquid along the absorption tube 3.
The hydrogen sulfide absorption device and the absorption method are suitable for emergency absorption of leaked hydrogen sulfide with the concentration of hydrogen sulfide lower than 5000ppm, and through liquid circulation, gas phase multiple absorption, surface wettability change and configuration change, absorption liquid is in drop-by-drop cross-flow contact with hydrogen sulfide gas for multiple times in the whole reaction cavity, so that the consumption of the absorption liquid is remarkably reduced, the total consumption of the absorption liquid is 1/8-1/3 of a common packed tower, the mass transfer performance is ensured, and the water consumption of equipment is reduced.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above exemplary embodiments shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A hydrogen sulfide absorption device characterized by comprising:
the liquid distributor is arranged in an air-liquid absorption cavity and is constructed by a curved surface, and the liquid distributor receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle and forms a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor;
absorption tubes which are arranged in a row below the liquid distributor and absorb impact from liquid drops formed by the liquid film; and the gas phase containing the hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a transverse or cross flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction.
2. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the liquid distributor is coated with a hydrophilic material; the liquid distributor constructed by the curved surface is integrally egg-shaped, and the diameter of the upper half part of the egg-shaped structure is larger than that of the lower half part.
3. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 1, wherein the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is uniformly distributed in the gas-liquid absorption cavity through the gas phase inlet distributor and then contacts the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a transverse or cross-flow manner.
4. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 1, wherein the uniform liquid film formed at the bottom of the liquid distributor impacts the surface of the absorption tube in a dropwise manner under the action of liquid surface tension, viscous force and gravity.
5. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 3, wherein the gas-liquid absorption chamber is partitioned into a plurality of hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bins by internal baffles, and the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase is sequentially and individually absorbed in the absorption bins.
6. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase enters the next absorption bin for absorption after being subjected to absorption reaction in the previous absorption bin and being redistributed through the absorption connecting pipe and the gas phase inlet distributor.
7. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the absorption tube is hydrophilic and is provided with flow guide units, and the flow guide units are fin-shaped convex structures, herringbone convex structures and/or circular arc convex structures which are uniformly arranged in rows.
8. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 7, wherein the fin-shaped protrusion structure has a three-dimensional curved shape, and specifically comprises:
a tip for piercing an interface non-absorbing gas layer formed by methane and air in the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase;
and the wingspan section extends from the tip end to two sides along the axial direction of the absorption tube and is used for blocking the circumferential movement of the absorption liquid along the absorption tube and guiding the absorption liquid to perform axial movement along the wingspan of the wing-shaped convex structure.
9. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 1, wherein the absorption tubes are arranged in a rectangular manner or in a regular triangular manner as a whole.
10. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 9, wherein the number of rows of the absorption tubes in the vertical direction is 10 or less; and the liquid distributor is added to the part with more than 10 rows for secondary liquid distribution.
11. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 1, wherein a cooling water unit is provided at an end of the absorption tube, the cooling water unit exchanging heat through a tube side of the absorption tube placed horizontally; the cooling water unit comprises a cooling water inlet positioned at the upper part of the gas-liquid absorption cavity, a cooling water outlet positioned at the lower part of the gas-liquid absorption cavity and a multi-tube-pass distribution baffle plate between the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet.
12. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 1, wherein the absorption tube has a surface contact angle of less than 40 °; the minimum flow rate of the absorption liquid wetting the surface of the absorption tube is less than 0.035 kg/ms.
13. The hydrogen sulfide absorption device according to claim 7, wherein the fin-shaped projection structures are arranged at intervals of 30 to 120 ° in the circumferential direction of the absorption tube; the width of the fin-shaped convex structure is 0.5-1.0 cm; the span range of the fin-shaped convex structure is 5-15 mm; the thickness of the fin-shaped protruding structure is 0.5-1.0 cm.
14. A method for absorbing hydrogen sulfide, comprising the steps of:
forming a uniform liquid film at the bottom of a liquid distributor in the gas-liquid absorption cavity;
the liquid film is impacted on the surface of the absorption tube in a dropwise manner under the action of liquid surface tension, viscous force and gravity to be absorbed;
and the gas phase containing the hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a transverse or cross flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction.
15. The method for absorbing hydrogen sulfide as recited in claim 14, wherein the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is absorbed in the gas-liquid absorption chamber a plurality of times, and after the absorption reaction in the previous absorption chamber, the gas phase is redistributed through the absorption connecting pipe and the gas phase inlet distributor, and enters the next absorption chamber for absorption.
16. The method for absorbing hydrogen sulfide according to claim 14, wherein the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase is in contact with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a cross-flow or cross-flow manner in the gas-liquid absorption chamber, and the method further comprises:
puncturing an interface formed by methane and air in the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase to prevent a gas layer from being absorbed;
the absorption liquid is blocked from moving along the circumferential direction of the absorption pipe, and the absorption liquid is guided to move along the axial direction of the absorption pipe.
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| CN114504931B (en) | 2023-06-13 |
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