CN114501767B - Laser acceleration proton beam homogenization method and device - Google Patents
Laser acceleration proton beam homogenization method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114501767B CN114501767B CN202210079897.6A CN202210079897A CN114501767B CN 114501767 B CN114501767 B CN 114501767B CN 202210079897 A CN202210079897 A CN 202210079897A CN 114501767 B CN114501767 B CN 114501767B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser accelerated proton beam homogenization method and device. The beam homogenization transmission line adopts the combination of a quadrupole magnet and a high-order magnet to carry out beam homogenization operation on the X direction and the Y direction of the proton beam, and the cross section of the proton beam is gradually changed into a uniformly distributed rectangular beam; the method of the invention abandons the control method that the traditional cancer treatment accelerator uses continuous scanning superposition dosage, but optimizes the original Gaussian distribution beam cluster into a rectangle with relative regulation and uniform particle distribution, and the application of the rectangular beam cluster ensures that the irradiation area of scanning superposition covers the focus without overlapping; particles generated by laser can be maximally utilized and converted into more easily controlled rectangular beam current, so that step scanning is performed in the treatment process, and the irradiated focus can be ensured to be irradiated with uniform and controllable dose; the invention adopts the high-order magnet to complete the optimization of the uniformity of the laser-driven proton beam and promote the project of the laser-driven proton treatment device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser proton accelerator, in particular to a laser acceleration proton beam homogenization system based on a nonlinear high-order magnet and an implementation method thereof.
Background
According to the statistics of the world health organization, approximately 1000 million patients die of cancer every year worldwide, and 2400 million patients are expected to be reached after 20 years. The traditional photon radiotherapy such as X-ray has large side effect and poor effect, and leads to high recurrence rate. The Bragg peak exists in the proton and the heavy ion, so that the ion has great advantage in irradiation treatment of human body, can not release a great deal of energy immediately after entering the human body, only releases most of energy at the position where the ion stops, can effectively kill deep tumor, and simultaneously furthest reduces the damage to shallow normal tissues. By 2015, proton and heavy ion tumor treatments have exceeded 154000 cases worldwide, with over 130000 proton treatment cases. However, the ion accelerating equipment mainly using the radio frequency accelerator has large volume, high manufacturing cost, and high maintenance and operation cost, and is not easy to popularize.
The laser-driven proton treatment equipment is a novel proton accelerator which is designed by Beijing university and is the first laser-driven proton accelerator in the world, protons are generated by laser-plasma interaction, and 2PW laser is used to enable the energy of the protons to reach 100MeV. The acceleration gradient of the laser accelerator applying the new principle can reach more than 100GV/m (at least 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of a radio frequency accelerator), and the size and the manufacturing cost of the accelerator can be obviously reduced. Ultrastrong and ultrashort laser driven accelerators have become one of the most attractive topics of the accelerator world in recent years due to their high acceleration gradient.
The beam current intensity generated by the traditional proton cancer treatment accelerator is strong, so that the irradiation dose of the focus is controlled by controlling the area through which the beam current passes through by using a scatterer, or the irradiation area is scanned by overlapping scanning iron, and the dose of the irradiated focus is controlled by treatment planning software. The beam transport system adjusts the size of a particle beam using a quadrupole magnet or the like in the system, and transports the particle beam to a target position called an isocenter in a treatment room, and a radiation amount distribution is a scatterer irradiation method in which the beam shape is matched with the shape of an affected part by making the beam strike a scatterer, and a scanning irradiation method in which a thin beam is scanned using an electromagnet called a scanning electromagnet in combination with the shape of the affected part.
However, the proton beam current driven by laser is low, and the method is not suitable for use.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a laser acceleration proton beam homogenization system based on a nonlinear high-order magnet and an implementation method thereof.
The invention aims to provide a laser acceleration proton beam homogenization system based on a nonlinear high-order magnet.
The invention relates to a laser acceleration proton beam homogenization system based on a nonlinear high-order magnet, which comprises: the device comprises a beam collection section, an energy selection section, a beam homogenization transmission line and a beam shaping transmission line; the beam generated by laser targeting passes through a beam collection section and an energy selection section to obtain a proton beam with ideal energy; the transverse distribution of the proton beam with ideal energy is Gaussian distribution, ideal energy particles pass through a beam homogenization transmission line to complete the operation of uniform beam distribution, and finally a uniform proton beam with a rectangular cross section is obtained through a beam shaping transmission line and is used for the later-stage step scanning treatment of cancer; the proton beam after passing through the beam collection section and the energy expansion selection section enters a beam homogenization transport line and moves along the Z direction; the proton beam transmitted to the beam homogenization transmission line is a circular beam with Gaussian distribution on an XOY plane, and the center of the beam is a synchronous particle, namely a particle moving in an ideal state;
the beam homogenization transmission line comprises: a first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, a second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, a first high-order magnet, a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, a second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, and a second high-order magnet; wherein, the first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transpose quadrupole magnets generate magnetic fields defocusing in the X direction and focusing in the Y direction for the proton beam flow; the placing distance between the transposed quadrupole magnet in the second X-direction flat magnetic field and the first quadrupole magnet is as short as possible, and only the mounting position is reserved; a distance is reserved between the first high-order magnet and the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet; the magnetic fields generated by the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets defocus the proton beam flow in the Y direction and focus in the X direction; the placing distance between the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet and the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet is as short as possible, and only the mounting position is reserved; a distance is reserved between the second high-order magnet and the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet;
the proton beam taking synchronous particles as the center passes through a first X-direction flat magnetic field along the Z-axis direction and is transposed to the magnetic center of a quadrupole magnet, the proton beam is stretched along the X direction and is compressed along the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the stretching degree of the X direction is respectively in direct proportion to the strength of the magnetic field and the drift distance, the strength of the magnetic field is in direct proportion to the applied current, and the stretching size is increased along with the increase of the drift distance of the proton beam and the increase of the magnet current; proton beam current directly enters a second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet after passing through the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, synchronous particles pass through the magnetic center of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam current is stretched in the X direction and compressed in the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the proton beam current is stretched in the X direction and compressed in the Y direction through the first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets, and the X direction of the proton beam current has a flattening trend; after coming out of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam in the process of drifting is gradually increased, and when the proton beam drifts to a transverse-longitudinal ratio greater than or equal to 4; the magnetic field generated by the first high-order magnet is linearly and slowly changed when approaching the magnetic center position along the X direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the X direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to further cause filamentation, and is gradually drawn close to the synchronous particles at the center; after passing through the first high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the X direction; proton beams uniformly distributed along the X direction enter a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet to perform Y-direction decoupling; synchronous particles are transposed to the magnetic center of the quadrupole magnet through a first Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam is stretched along the Y direction and compressed along the X direction under the action of the magnetic field, the stretching degree of the Y direction is respectively in direct proportion to the strength of the magnetic field and the drift distance, and the stretching size is increased along with the increase of the drift distance of the proton beam and the increase of the magnet current; proton beam flow directly enters a second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet after passing through a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, synchronous particles pass through the magnetic center of the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam flow is compressed along the X direction while being continuously stretched along the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the proton beam flow is stretched along the Y direction and compressed along the X direction through the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets, and the Y direction of the proton beam flow has a flattening trend; after the quadrupole magnet is transposed from the second Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam in the drifting process gradually becomes smaller, and when the proton beam drifts to the transverse-longitudinal ratio which is less than or equal to 1, the proton beam passes through the magnetic center of a second section of high-order magnet; the magnetic field generated by the second high-order magnet is linearly and slowly changed when approaching the magnetic center position along the Y direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the Y direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to further cause filamentation, and gradually approaches to the synchronous particles at the center; after passing through the second high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the Y direction; at the moment, the beam homogenization operation in the X direction and the Y direction is finished, and the cross section of the proton beam gradually becomes a uniformly distributed rectangular beam.
The first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets and the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets have the same structure and are quadrupole magnets; the quadrupole magnet comprises a quadrupole frame, a first to a fourth pole heads and four coils; the inner edge of the quadrupole rack is respectively provided with a first pole head, a second pole head, a third pole head, a fourth pole head, a power supply and a proton beam, wherein the first pole head, the second pole head, the third pole head and the fourth pole head are distributed in central symmetry; the power supply respectively leads direct current to the four current coils, and controls the polarity of the corresponding pole heads by controlling the direction of the direct current; the polarities of the first and third pole heads coincide and the polarities of the second and fourth pole heads coincide, the polarities of the pole heads determining the direction in which the magnetic field generated by the quadrupole magnet focuses and defocuses, focusing in one direction and defocusing in the vertical direction; the polarity of the first to fourth pole heads is controlled, so that the magnetic field direction of the quadrupole magnet is controlled, and the function of focusing or defocusing the proton beam current in the specified direction by the quadrupole magnet is further realized; the first and third pole heads are N-pole and the second and fourth pole heads are S-pole, the magnetic field generated by the quadrupole magnet is defocused in the X-direction and focused in the Y-direction, the first and third pole heads are S-pole and the second and fourth pole heads are N-pole, the magnetic field generated by the quadrupole magnet is focused in the X-direction and defocused in the Y-direction. The polarities of the pole heads of the first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets are the same; the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic fields transpose the same polarity of the pole heads of the quadrupole magnet.
The first high-order magnet and the second high-order magnet have the same structure and are eight-stage magnets; the eight-stage magnet comprises an eight-stage rack, first to eighth pole heads and eight coils; the inner edge of the octupole frame is respectively provided with a first pole head to an eighth pole head, the first pole head to the eighth pole head are distributed in central symmetry, the centers of the top ends of the first pole head to the eighth pole head are provided with spaces, proton beam current passes through the space of the center of the top end, each pole head is wound with a corresponding current coil, and the eight current coils are respectively connected to a power supply; the power supply respectively leads direct current to eight current coils, and controls the polarity of the corresponding pole head by controlling the direction of the direct current; the polarities of the first, third, fifth and seventh pole heads coincide and the polarities of the second, fourth, sixth and eighth pole heads coincide, the polarities of the pole heads determining the directions of focusing and defocusing of the magnetic field generated by the eight-pole magnet, focusing in one direction and defocusing in the vertical direction, and similarly, defocusing in one direction and focusing in the vertical direction; the polarity of the first to eighth pole heads is controlled, so that the magnetic field direction of the octupole magnet is controlled, and the function of focusing or defocusing the proton beam current in the specified direction by the octupole magnet is realized.
The beam current collection section includes: three superconducting solenoids connected in sequence, wherein each solenoid is connected with a vacuum pipeline, and a beam diagnosis element is arranged in the vacuum pipeline.
The energy selection section includes: the first and the second quadrupole magnets, the first horizontal 45-degree deflection magnet, the third and the fourth quadrupole magnet and the second horizontal 45-degree deflection magnet are connected in sequence.
The beam shaping transmission line comprises: three quadrupole magnets that connect in order, connect with vacuum tube between the adjacent quadrupole magnet.
The invention also aims to provide a laser acceleration proton beam homogenization system based on the nonlinear high-order magnet.
The invention discloses a realization method of a laser acceleration proton beam homogenization system based on a nonlinear high-order magnet, which comprises the following steps:
1) The beam generated by laser targeting passes through a beam collection section and an energy selection section to obtain a proton beam with ideal energy, and the transverse distribution of the proton beam with ideal energy is Gaussian distribution;
2) Ideal energy particles pass through a beam homogenization transmission line to finish the operation of beam uniform distribution:
a) The proton beam taking synchronous particles as the center passes through a first X-direction flat magnetic field along the Z-axis direction and is transposed to the magnetic center of a quadrupole magnet, the proton beam is stretched along the X direction and is compressed along the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the stretching degree of the X direction is respectively in direct proportion to the strength of the magnetic field and the drift distance, the strength of the magnetic field is in direct proportion to the applied current, and the stretching size is increased along with the increase of the drift distance of the proton beam and the increase of the magnet current;
b) Proton beam flow directly enters a second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet after passing through the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, synchronous particles pass through the magnetic center of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam flow is compressed along the Y direction while being continuously stretched along the X direction under the action of a magnetic field, the proton beam flow is stretched along the X direction and compressed along the Y direction through the first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets, and the X direction of the proton beam flow has a flattening trend;
c) After coming out of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam in the process of drifting is gradually increased, and when the proton beam drifts to a transverse-longitudinal ratio greater than or equal to 4;
d) The magnetic field generated by the first high-order magnet is linearly and slowly changed when approaching the magnetic center position along the X direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the X direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to further cause filamentation, and is gradually drawn close to the synchronous particles at the center;
e) After passing through the first high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the X direction; proton beams uniformly distributed along the X direction enter a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet to perform Y-direction decoupling;
f) Synchronous particles are transposed to the magnetic center of the quadrupole magnet through the first Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam is stretched along the Y direction and compressed along the X direction under the action of the magnetic field, the stretching degree of the Y direction is respectively in direct proportion to the strength of the magnetic field and the drift distance, and the stretching size is increased along with the increase of the drift distance of the proton beam and the increase of the magnet current;
g) Proton beam flow directly enters a second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet after passing through a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, synchronous particles pass through the magnetic center of the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam flow is compressed along the X direction while being continuously stretched along the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the proton beam flow is stretched along the Y direction and compressed along the X direction through the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets, and the Y direction of the proton beam flow has a flattening trend;
h) After the quadrupolar magnet is transposed from the second Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam current drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam current in the drifting process gradually becomes smaller, and when the proton beam current drifts to the transverse-longitudinal ratio which is less than or equal to 1;
i) The magnetic field generated by the second high-order magnet is in linear slow change when approaching the magnetic center position along the Y direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the Y direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to be filarized and gradually approaches to the synchronous particles at the center;
j) After passing through the second high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the Y direction; at the moment, beam homogenization operation in the X direction and the Y direction is finished, and the cross section of the proton beam gradually becomes a uniformly distributed rectangular beam;
3) And obtaining uniform proton beam with rectangular section through beam shaping transmission line.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method of the invention abandons the control method that the traditional cancer treatment accelerator uses continuous scanning superposition dosage, but optimizes the original Gaussian distribution beam cluster into a rectangle with relatively regular and uniformly distributed particles, and the application of the rectangular beam cluster ensures that the irradiation area of scanning superposition covers the focus without overlapping; through the mode, the utilization rate of particles generated by laser can be maximized and the particles are converted into the rectangular beam which is easier to control, so that step scanning is performed in the treatment process, and the irradiated focus can be irradiated by uniform and controllable dose; the invention adopts the high-order magnet to complete the optimization of the uniformity of the laser-driven proton beam and promotes the project of the laser-driven proton treatment device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a laser-accelerated proton beam homogenization system based on a nonlinear high-order magnet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an external appearance of a quadrupole magnet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic external view of an eight-grade iron of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system is based on a nonlinear high-order magnet for homogenizing a laser-accelerated proton beam current;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a horizontal beam line beam dynamics calculation of an embodiment of the nonlinear high-order magnet based laser accelerated proton beam homogenization system of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram of a beam homogenization process of an embodiment of the nonlinear high-order magnet-based laser-accelerated proton beam homogenization system of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram comparing the beam homogenization process and the non-homogenization process of the laser acceleration proton beam homogenization system based on the nonlinear high-order magnet according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic magnetic field diagram of a quadrupole magnet according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system is based on a nonlinear high-order magnet for homogenizing a laser-accelerated proton beam current;
fig. 8 is a magnetic field schematic diagram of an eight-pole magnet according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system is based on a nonlinear high-order magnet for homogenizing a laser-accelerated proton beam.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawing.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser-accelerated proton beam homogenizing system based on the nonlinear high-order magnet of the present embodiment includes: a beam collection section 8, an energy selection section 9, a beam homogenization transmission line 7 and a beam shaping transmission line 10; the beam generated by laser targeting passes through a beam collection section and an energy selection section to obtain a proton beam with ideal energy; the transverse distribution of the proton beam with ideal energy is Gaussian distribution, ideal energy particles pass through a beam homogenization transmission line to finish the operation of beam uniform distribution, and finally, a uniform proton beam with a rectangular section is obtained through a beam shaping transmission line and is used for the later-stage step scanning treatment of cancer; the proton beam after passing through the beam collection section and the energy expansion selection section enters a beam homogenization transport line and moves along the Z direction; the proton beam transmitted to the beam homogenization transmission line is a circular beam with Gaussian distribution on an XOY plane, and the center of the beam is a synchronous particle, namely a particle moving in an ideal state;
the beam homogenization transmission line comprises: a first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet 1, a second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet 2, a first high-order magnet 3, a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet 4, a second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet 5, and a second high-order magnet 6; the magnetic field generated by the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet and the magnetic field generated by the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet defocus the proton beam flow in the X direction and focus in the Y direction; the placing distance between the transposed quadrupole magnet in the second X-direction flat magnetic field and the first quadrupole magnet is as short as possible, and only a mounting position is reserved; a distance is reserved between the first high-order magnet and the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet; the magnetic fields generated by the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets defocus the proton beam flow in the Y direction and focus in the X direction; the placing distance between the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet and the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet is as short as possible, and only a mounting position is reserved; a distance is reserved between the second high-order magnet and the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet; the position of each magnet is calculated from the horizontal beam line beam dynamics, as shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 2 and 7, the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposed quadrupole magnet and the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposed quadrupole magnet and the first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposed quadrupole magnet and the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposed quadrupole magnet have the same structure, and the quadrupole magnet includes a quadrupole frame, first to fourth quadrupole heads, and four coils; the inner edge of the quadrupole rack is respectively provided with a first pole head, a second pole head, a third pole head, a fourth pole head, a power supply and a proton beam, wherein the first pole head, the second pole head, the third pole head, the fourth pole head and the fourth pole head are distributed in central symmetry; the power supply respectively leads direct current to the four current coils, and controls the polarity of the corresponding pole heads by controlling the direction of the direct current; the polarities of the first and third pole heads coincide and the polarities of the second and fourth pole heads coincide, the polarities of the pole heads determining the directions of focusing and defocusing of the magnetic field generated by the quadrupole magnet, focusing in one direction and defocusing in the vertical direction; the polarity of the first to fourth pole heads is controlled, so that the magnetic field direction of the quadrupole magnet is controlled, and the function of focusing or defocusing the proton beam in the specified direction by the quadrupole magnet is realized; the first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets use the first and third pole heads as N-poles and the second and fourth pole heads as S-poles, the magnetic fields generated by the quadrupole magnets are defocused in the X-direction and focused in the Y-direction, the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets use the first and third pole heads as S-poles and the second and fourth pole heads as N-poles, and the magnetic fields generated by the quadrupole magnets are focused in the X-direction and defocused in the Y-direction.
As shown in fig. 3 and 8, the eight-stage magnet includes an eight-pole frame, first to eighth pole heads, and eight coils; the inner edge of the octupole frame is respectively provided with a first pole head to an eighth pole head, the first pole head to the eighth pole head are distributed in central symmetry, the centers of the top ends of the first pole head to the eighth pole head are provided with spaces, proton beam current passes through the space of the center of the top end, each pole head is wound with a corresponding current coil, and the eight current coils are respectively connected to a power supply; the power supply respectively leads direct current to the eight current coils, and controls the polarity of the corresponding pole heads by controlling the direction of the direct current; the polarities of the first, third, fifth and seventh pole heads coincide and the polarities of the second, fourth, sixth and eighth pole heads coincide, the polarities of the pole heads determining the directions of focusing and defocusing of the magnetic field generated by the eight-pole magnet, focusing in one direction and defocusing in the vertical direction, and similarly, defocusing in one direction and focusing in the vertical direction; the polarity of the first to eighth pole heads is controlled, so that the magnetic field direction of the octupole magnet is controlled, and the function of focusing or defocusing the proton beam current in the specified direction by the octupole magnet is realized.
The process of beam homogenization is shown in FIG. 5, which is a simulation result of the influence of the high-order magnets on the distribution of the proton beam in the X direction and the Y direction, wherein the vertical three rows are respectively the first high-order magnet at magnetic field gradients of 0, -500 and-1000T/m 3 Loading the simulation result; three horizontal rows of second high-order magnets with magnetic field gradients of 0, -1050 and-2100T/m 3 Loading the simulation results. Through the process of beam homogenization, the originally Gaussian-distributed circular beam is optimized into the uniformly-distributed rectangular beam, and the beam shape has higher efficiency and accuracy for proton cancer therapy.
Fig. 6 is a comparison graph of the effect of the proton beam cross-sectional shapes with different sizes obtained after the beam shaping transmission line and the corresponding homogenized shapes, and the results are compared before and after homogenization of beam spots with different sizes from top to bottom. The beam groups with different sizes, which are not subjected to beam homogenization after the beam shaping transmission line, are arranged on the left, the beam groups with the corresponding sizes, which are subjected to beam homogenization, are arranged on the right, and the beam homogenization effect can be determined to be very obvious through comparison.
In the embodiment, the cross section size of the proton beam is mainly controlled by a beam shaping transmission line; in order to meet the requirement of homogenization of proton beam with central energy of 100MeV/u, the gradient of the working magnetic field of the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet is-12.5T/m, the corresponding effective length is 150mm, and the distance from the physical center of the magnet to the entrance of the beam collection section is 10841.08mm; the gradient of the working magnetic field of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet is-12.6T/m, the effective length of the corresponding magnet is 150mm, and the distance from the physical center of the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet is 350mm; the gradient of the working magnetic field of the first high-order magnet is-3914T/m 3 The effective length of the corresponding magnet is 400mm, and the distance from the second X-direction flat magnetic field is 775mm of the transposed quadrupole magnet; the gradient of the working magnetic field of the first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet is 15.5T/m, the effective length of the corresponding magnet is 300mm, and the distance from the physical center of the first high-order magnet is 550mm; the working magnetic field gradient of the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet is-12.5T/m, the effective length of the corresponding magnet is 300mm, and the distance from the effective length of the corresponding magnet to the physical center of the first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet is 500mm; the working magnetic field gradient of the second high-order magnet is-1879T/m 3 The effective length of the magnet is 300mm, and the effective length is 800mm away from the physical center of the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet.
The implementation method of the laser acceleration proton beam homogenization system based on the nonlinear high-order magnet comprises the following steps:
1) The beam generated by laser targeting passes through a beam collection section and an energy selection section to obtain a proton beam with ideal energy, and the transverse distribution of the proton beam with ideal energy is Gaussian distribution;
2) Ideal energy particles pass through a beam homogenization transmission line to finish the operation of beam uniform distribution:
a) The proton beam taking synchronous particles as the center passes through a first X-direction flat magnetic field along the Z-axis direction and is transposed to the magnetic center of the quadrupole magnet, the proton beam is stretched along the X direction and compressed along the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the stretching degree of the X direction is respectively in direct proportion to the strength of the magnetic field and the drift distance, the strength of the magnetic field is in direct proportion to the applied current, and the stretching size is increased along with the increase of the drift distance of the proton beam and the increase of the magnet current;
b) Proton beam flow directly enters a second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet after passing through the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, synchronous particles pass through the magnetic center of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam flow is compressed along the Y direction while being continuously stretched along the X direction under the action of a magnetic field, the proton beam flow is stretched along the X direction and compressed along the Y direction through the first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets, and the X direction of the proton beam flow has a flattening trend;
c) After coming out of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam in the process of drifting is gradually increased, and when the proton beam drifts to a transverse-longitudinal ratio greater than or equal to 4;
d) The magnetic field generated by the first high-order magnet is linearly and slowly changed when approaching the magnetic center position along the X direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the X direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to further cause filamentation, and is gradually drawn close to the synchronous particles at the center;
e) After passing through the first high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the X direction; proton beams uniformly distributed along the X direction enter a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet to perform Y-direction decoupling;
f) The synchronous particles are transposed to the magnetic center of the quadrupole magnet through the first Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam is stretched along the Y direction and compressed along the X direction under the action of the magnetic field, and the stretching degree of the Y direction is respectively corresponding to the strength and the drift of the magnetic field
The distance is in direct proportion, and the stretching size is increased along with the increase of the drift distance of the proton beam current and the increase of the magnet current; g) Proton beam flow directly enters a second Y-direction flat magnetic field to be rotated after passing through a quadrupole magnet for first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition
The synchronous particles are transposed to the magnetic center of the quadrupole magnet through the second Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam is compressed along the X direction while being continuously stretched along the Y direction under the action of the magnetic field, the proton beam is stretched along the Y direction and compressed along the X direction through the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposed quadrupole magnets, and the Y direction of the proton beam has a flattening trend;
h) After the quadrupolar magnet is transposed from the second Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam current drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam current in the drifting process gradually becomes smaller, and when the proton beam current drifts to the transverse-longitudinal ratio which is less than or equal to 1;
i) The magnetic field generated by the second high-order magnet is linearly and slowly changed when approaching the magnetic center position along the Y direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the Y direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to further cause filamentation, and gradually approaches to the synchronous particles at the center;
j) After passing through the second high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the Y direction; at the moment, the beam homogenization operation in the X direction and the Y direction is finished, and the cross section of the proton beam gradually becomes a uniformly distributed rectangular beam;
3) The uniform proton beam with rectangular section is obtained through the beam shaping transmission line and is used for treating cancer by scanning at later stage.
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A laser acceleration proton beam homogenization system based on a nonlinear high-order magnet is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a beam collection section, an energy selection section, a beam homogenization transmission line and a beam shaping transmission line; the beam generated by laser targeting passes through a beam collection section and an energy selection section to obtain a proton beam with ideal energy; the transverse distribution of the proton beam with ideal energy is Gaussian distribution, ideal energy particles pass through a beam homogenization transmission line to finish the operation of uniform beam distribution, and finally, a uniform proton beam with a rectangular cross section is obtained through a beam shaping transmission line and is used for the later-stage step scanning treatment of cancer; the proton beam after passing through the beam collection section and the energy expansion selection section enters a beam homogenization transmission line and moves along the Z direction; the proton beam transmitted to the beam homogenization transmission line is a circular beam with Gaussian distribution on an XOY plane, and the center of the beam is a synchronous particle, namely a particle moving in an ideal state;
the beam homogenization transmission line comprises: a first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, a second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, a first high-order magnet, a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, a second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, and a second high-order magnet; the magnetic field generated by the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet and the magnetic field generated by the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet defocus the proton beam flow in the X direction and focus in the Y direction; the placing distance between the transposed quadrupole magnet in the second X-direction flat magnetic field and the first quadrupole magnet is as short as possible, and only the mounting position is reserved; a distance is reserved between the first high-order magnet and the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet; the magnetic fields generated by the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets defocus the proton beam flow in the Y direction and focus in the X direction; the placing distance between the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet and the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet is as short as possible, and only the mounting position is reserved; a distance is reserved between the second high-order magnet and the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet; the first high-order magnet and the second high-order magnet have the same structure and are both eight-stage magnets;
the proton beam taking synchronous particles as the center passes through a first X-direction flat magnetic field along the Z-axis direction and is transposed to the magnetic center of the quadrupole magnet, the proton beam is stretched along the X direction and compressed along the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the stretching degree of the X direction is respectively in direct proportion to the strength of the magnetic field and the drift distance, the strength of the magnetic field is in direct proportion to the applied current, and the stretching size is increased along with the increase of the drift distance of the proton beam and the increase of the magnet current; proton beam current directly enters a second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet after passing through the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, synchronous particles pass through the magnetic center of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam current is stretched in the X direction and compressed in the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the proton beam current is stretched in the X direction and compressed in the Y direction through the first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets, and the X direction of the proton beam current has a flattening trend; after coming out of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam in the process of drifting is gradually increased, and when the proton beam drifts to a transverse-longitudinal ratio greater than or equal to 4; the magnetic field generated by the first high-order magnet is linearly and slowly changed when approaching the magnetic center position along the X direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the X direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to further cause filamentation, and is gradually drawn close to the synchronous particles at the center; after passing through the first high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the X direction; proton beams uniformly distributed along the X direction enter a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet to perform Y-direction decoupling; synchronous particles are transposed to the magnetic center of the quadrupole magnet through the first Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam is stretched along the Y direction and compressed along the X direction under the action of the magnetic field, the stretching degree of the Y direction is respectively in direct proportion to the strength of the magnetic field and the drift distance, and the stretching size is increased along with the increase of the drift distance of the proton beam and the increase of the magnet current; proton beam flow directly enters a second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet after passing through a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, synchronous particles pass through the magnetic center of the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam flow is compressed along the X direction while being continuously stretched along the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the proton beam flow is stretched along the Y direction and compressed along the X direction through the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets, and the Y direction of the proton beam flow has a flattening trend; after the quadrupolar magnet is transposed from the second Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam current drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam current in the drifting process gradually becomes smaller, and when the proton beam current drifts to the transverse-longitudinal ratio which is less than or equal to 1; the magnetic field generated by the second high-order magnet is linearly and slowly changed when approaching the magnetic center position along the Y direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the Y direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to further cause filamentation, and gradually approaches to the synchronous particles at the center; after passing through the second high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the Y direction; at the moment, the beam homogenization operation in the X direction and the Y direction is finished, and the cross section of the proton beam gradually becomes a uniformly distributed rectangular beam.
2. The system for uniformizing a proton beam flux under acceleration of laser as recited in claim 1, wherein said first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transposed quadrupole magnets and said first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposed quadrupole magnets are of the same structure and are quadrupole magnets.
3. The laser-accelerated proton beam uniformizing system according to claim 2, wherein the quadrupole magnet comprises a quadrupole frame, first to fourth poles, and four coils; the inner edge of the quadrupole rack is respectively provided with a first pole head, a second pole head, a third pole head, a fourth pole head, a power supply and a proton beam, wherein the first pole head, the second pole head, the third pole head, the fourth pole head and the fourth pole head are distributed in central symmetry; the power supply respectively leads direct current to the four current coils, and controls the polarity of the corresponding pole heads by controlling the direction of the direct current; the polarities of the first and third pole heads coincide and the polarities of the second and fourth pole heads coincide, the polarities of the pole heads determining the direction in which the magnetic field generated by the quadrupole magnet focuses and defocuses, focusing in one direction and defocusing in the vertical direction; the polarity of the first to fourth pole heads is controlled, so that the magnetic field direction of the quadrupole magnet is controlled, and the function of focusing or defocusing the proton beam in the specified direction by the quadrupole magnet is realized; the first and third pole heads are N-pole and the second and fourth pole heads are S-pole, the magnetic field generated by the quadrupole magnet is defocused in the X-direction and focused in the Y-direction, the first and third pole heads are S-pole and the second and fourth pole heads are N-pole, the magnetic field generated by the quadrupole magnet is focused in the X-direction and defocused in the Y-direction.
4. The system for uniformizing a proton beam flux accelerated by a laser as recited in claim 1, wherein said first and second high-order magnets have the same structure and are both eight-stage magnets; the eight-stage magnet comprises an eight-stage rack, first to eighth pole heads and eight coils; the inner edge of the octupole frame is respectively provided with a first polar head to an octupole polar head, the first polar head to the octupole polar head are distributed in central symmetry, the centers of the top ends of the first polar head to the octupole polar head are provided with spaces, proton beam current passes through the space of the center of the top end, each polar head is wound with a corresponding current coil, and the eight current coils are respectively connected to a power supply; the power supply respectively leads direct current to the eight current coils, and controls the polarity of the corresponding pole heads by controlling the direction of the direct current; the polarities of the first, third, fifth and seventh pole heads coincide and the polarities of the second, fourth, sixth and eighth pole heads coincide, the polarities of the pole heads determining the direction of focusing and defocusing of the magnetic field generated by the octupole magnet, focusing in one direction and defocusing in the vertical direction, and similarly, defocusing in one direction and focusing in the vertical direction; the polarity of the first to eighth pole heads is controlled, so that the magnetic field direction of the octupole magnet is controlled, and the function of focusing or defocusing the proton beam current in the specified direction by the octupole magnet is realized.
5. The laser-accelerated proton beam homogenization system of claim 1, wherein said beam dump section comprises: three superconducting solenoids connected in sequence, wherein each solenoid is connected with a vacuum pipeline, and a beam diagnosis element is arranged in the vacuum pipeline.
6. The laser-accelerated proton beam homogenization system of claim 1, wherein said energy selection section comprises: the first and the second quadrupole magnets, the first horizontal 45-degree deflection magnet, the third and the fourth quadrupole magnet and the second horizontal 45-degree deflection magnet are connected in sequence.
7. The laser-accelerated proton beam homogenization system of claim 1, wherein said beam shaping transmission line comprises: three quadrupole magnets connected in sequence, and adjacent quadrupole magnets are connected by a vacuum pipeline.
8. The implementation method of the laser-accelerated proton beam homogenization system of claim 1, wherein the implementation method comprises the following steps:
1) The beam generated by laser targeting passes through a beam collection section and an energy selection section to obtain a proton beam with ideal energy, and the transverse distribution of the proton beam with ideal energy is Gaussian distribution;
2) Ideal energy particles pass through a beam homogenization transmission line to finish the operation of beam uniform distribution:
a) The proton beam taking synchronous particles as the center passes through a first X-direction flat magnetic field along the Z-axis direction and is transposed to the magnetic center of the quadrupole magnet, the proton beam is stretched along the X direction and compressed along the Y direction under the action of a magnetic field, the stretching degree of the X direction is respectively in direct proportion to the intensity of the magnetic field and the drift distance, the intensity of the magnetic field is in direct proportion to the applied current,
the size of the stretch increases with the drift distance of the proton beam current and the magnet current;
b) Proton beam flow directly enters a second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet after passing through the first X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, synchronous particles pass through the magnetic center of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam flow is compressed along the Y direction while being continuously stretched along the X direction under the action of a magnetic field, the proton beam flow is stretched along the X direction and compressed along the Y direction through the first and second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets, and the X direction of the proton beam flow has a flattening trend;
c) After coming out of the second X-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam in the process of drifting is gradually increased, and when the proton beam drifts to a transverse-longitudinal ratio greater than or equal to 4;
d) The magnetic field generated by the first high-order magnet is linearly and slowly changed when approaching the magnetic center position along the X direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the X direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to further cause filamentation, and is gradually drawn close to the synchronous particles at the center;
e) After passing through the first high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the X direction; proton beams uniformly distributed along the X direction enter a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet to perform Y-direction decoupling;
f) Synchronous particles are transposed to the magnetic center of the quadrupole magnet through the first Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam is stretched along the Y direction and compressed along the X direction under the action of the magnetic field, the stretching degree of the Y direction is respectively in direct proportion to the strength of the magnetic field and the drift distance, and the stretching size is increased along with the increase of the drift distance of the proton beam and the increase of the magnet current;
g) Proton beam current directly enters a second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet after passing through a first Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, synchronous particles pass through the magnetic center of the second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnet, the proton beam current is stretched in the Y direction and compressed in the X direction under the action of a magnetic field, the proton beam current is stretched in the Y direction and compressed in the X direction through the first and second Y-direction flat magnetic field transposition quadrupole magnets, and the Y direction of the proton beam current has a flattening trend;
h) After the quadrupolar magnet is transposed from the second Y-direction flat magnetic field, the proton beam current drifts, the transverse-longitudinal ratio of the proton beam current in the drifting process gradually becomes smaller, and when the proton beam current drifts to the transverse-longitudinal ratio which is less than or equal to 1;
i) The magnetic field generated by the second high-order magnet is linearly and slowly changed when approaching the magnetic center position along the Y direction, and is rapidly increased when being far away from the magnetic center, so that the proton beam far away from the magnetic center along the Y direction is subjected to larger magnetic field force to further cause filamentation, and gradually approaches to the synchronous particles at the center;
j) After passing through the second high-order magnet, the proton beam drifts, and in the process of drifting, particles far away from the center of the proton beam move to the center under stronger force, so that the original Gaussian-distributed proton beam is gradually and uniformly distributed along the Y direction; at the moment, the beam homogenization operation in the X direction and the Y direction is finished, and the cross section of the proton beam gradually becomes a uniformly distributed rectangular beam;
3) And obtaining uniform proton beam with rectangular section through beam shaping transmission line.
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