CN114499185A - Voltage converter, control method and device thereof and voltage conversion equipment - Google Patents

Voltage converter, control method and device thereof and voltage conversion equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114499185A
CN114499185A CN202111638681.0A CN202111638681A CN114499185A CN 114499185 A CN114499185 A CN 114499185A CN 202111638681 A CN202111638681 A CN 202111638681A CN 114499185 A CN114499185 A CN 114499185A
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tube
switch tube
switching
switching tube
inductor
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赵宇明
王静
李艳
刘国伟
童亦斌
范紫莲
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Shenzhen Power Supply Co ltd
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Shenzhen Power Supply Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to a voltage converter and a control method and device thereof, and voltage conversion equipment, wherein the voltage converter comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first inductor, a second inductor, a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube, the first end of the first capacitor is connected with the first end of the first switching tube, the first end of the first inductor and the first end of the third switching tube are both connected with the second end of the first switching tube, the first end of the fourth switching tube and the second end of the second switching tube are both connected with the second end of the first inductor, the second end of the third switching tube is connected with the second end of the second inductor, the second end of the fourth switching tube is connected with the first end of the second inductor, the first end of the second switching tube is connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the second inductor. The voltage converter has simple and symmetrical structure, can realize high-output-gain boosting conversion and low-output-gain voltage reduction conversion, and has good working performance and reliable use.

Description

Voltage converter, control method and device thereof and voltage conversion equipment
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of voltage variation technologies, and in particular, to a voltage converter, a control method and a control device thereof, and a voltage conversion apparatus.
Background
Voltage converters are widely used in many industrial applications, such as new energy generation, electric vehicles, dc distribution networks, etc. There are various kinds of voltage converters, for example, one of which is a DC-DC converter that can convert an input voltage and efficiently output a fixed voltage.
The conventional DC-DC converter includes an isolated DC-DC converter and a non-isolated DC-DC converter. The isolated DC-DC converter can effectively expand the step-up and step-down voltage transformation ratio by adjusting the turn ratio of the transformer, but the additionally added transformer inevitably increases the volume of the converter and reduces the power density, the leakage inductance of the transformer can bring larger peak voltage to a switching tube, and for the traditional non-isolated DC-DC converter, the duty ratio of the switching tube in practical application has range limitation, so that the gain range of output voltage is limited. Therefore, the conventional DC-DC converter has poor operation performance and is unreliable in use.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a voltage converter, a control method and device thereof, and a voltage conversion apparatus, aiming at the problems of poor operation performance and unreliable use of the conventional DC-DC converter.
The utility model provides a voltage converter, includes first electric capacity, second electric capacity, first inductance, second inductance, first switch tube, second switch tube, third switch tube and fourth switch tube, the first end of first electric capacity is connected the first end of first switch tube, the first end of first inductance with the first end of third switch tube all is connected the second end of first switch tube, the first end of fourth switch tube with the second end of second switch tube all is connected the second end of first inductance, the second end of third switch tube is connected the second end of second inductance, the second end of fourth switch tube is connected the first end of second inductance, the first end of second switch tube is connected the first end of second electric capacity, the second end of second electric capacity is connected the second end of second inductance.
A control method of a voltage converter is realized based on the voltage converter, and comprises the following steps:
when a voltage reduction command is received, the second switching tube is controlled to be constantly switched on, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are controlled to perform complementary switching actions, and the conduction state of the fourth switching tube is matched with the conduction state of the third switching tube;
when a boosting instruction is received, the first switching tube is controlled to be constantly switched on, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are controlled to perform complementary switching action, and the conduction state of the fourth switching tube is matched with the conduction state of the third switching tube.
A control apparatus of a voltage converter, comprising:
the voltage reduction control module is used for controlling the second switching tube to be constantly switched on and controlling the first switching tube and the third switching tube to perform complementary switching actions when a voltage reduction instruction is received, and the conduction state of the fourth switching tube is matched with the conduction state of the third switching tube;
and the boost control module is used for controlling the first switching tube to be constantly switched on and controlling the second switching tube and the third switching tube to perform complementary switching actions when a boost instruction is received, and the conduction state of the fourth switching tube is matched with the conduction state of the third switching tube.
A voltage conversion device comprises the voltage converter and a control device of the voltage converter.
The voltage converter, the control method and the control device of the voltage converter and the voltage conversion equipment comprise a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first inductor, a second inductor, a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a third switch tube and a fourth switch tube, wherein the first end of the first capacitor is connected with the first end of the first switch tube, the first end of the first inductor and the first end of the third switch tube are both connected with the second end of the first switch tube, the first end of the fourth switch tube and the second end of the second switch tube are both connected with the second end of the first inductor, the second end of the third switch tube is connected with the second end of the second inductor, the second end of the fourth switch tube is connected with the first end of the second inductor, the first end of the second switch tube is connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the second inductor. The voltage converter is simple and symmetrical in structure, the voltage converter can work in a boosting mode or a voltage reduction mode by changing the conduction states of the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube, bidirectional operation is achieved, further, boosting conversion with high output gain and voltage reduction conversion with low output gain are achieved, working performance is good, and use is reliable.
In one embodiment, the voltage converter further comprises a controller, and the control end of the first switching tube, the control end of the second switching tube, the control end of the third switching tube and the control end of the fourth switching tube are all connected with the controller.
In one embodiment, the controller is configured to control the second switching tube to be constantly turned on and control the first switching tube and the third switching tube to perform complementary switching actions when a voltage reduction command is received, and control the on state of the fourth switching tube to match with the on state of the third switching tube; and the second switch tube and the third switch tube are controlled to carry out complementary switching action, and the conduction state of the fourth switch tube is controlled to be matched with the conduction state of the third switch tube.
In one embodiment, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube keep synchronous action.
In one embodiment, the inductance of the first inductor and the inductance of the second inductor are matched.
In one embodiment, the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are MOS tubes.
In one embodiment, the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube are all N-channel MOS tubes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a voltage converter in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of switching pulses of four switching tubes of the voltage converter in buck mode according to one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the voltage converter in the buck mode according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the voltage converter in the buck mode in another embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of switching pulses of four switching tubes of the voltage converter in boost mode according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the voltage converter in the boost mode according to one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a voltage converter in a boost mode in accordance with another embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the boost gain and buck gain of a voltage converter with a conventional switching circuit in one embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method of controlling a voltage converter in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described more fully below by way of examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In an embodiment, a voltage converter is provided, please refer to fig. 1, including a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first switch tube S1, a second switch tube S2, a third switch tube S3, and a fourth switch tube S4, a first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to a first end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the first inductor L1 and a first end of the third switch tube S3 are both connected to a second end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the fourth switch tube S4 and a second end of the second switch tube S2 are both connected to a second end of the first inductor L1, a second end of the third switch tube S3 is connected to a second end of the second inductor L2, a second end of the fourth switch tube S4 is connected to a first end of the second inductor L2, and a second end of the second switch tube S2 is connected to a second end of the second capacitor C466 and a second end of the second inductor L2. The voltage converter is simple and symmetrical in structure, the voltage converter can work in a boosting mode or a voltage reduction mode by changing the conduction states of the first switching tube S1, the second switching tube S2, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4, bidirectional operation is achieved, further, boosting conversion with high output gain and voltage reduction conversion with low output gain are achieved, working performance is good, and use is reliable.
Specifically, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 may store and release energy, and the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 cooperate with each other, so that when the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3, and the fourth switch tube S4 are in different conduction states, the voltage converter may achieve different functions. When the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are in an on state or an off state, current paths in the voltage converter are different, so that functions such as boosting or reducing voltage are realized. The first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3, and the fourth switch tube S4 may be manual switches, and the opening and closing of these manual switches are manually controlled, or the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3, and the fourth switch tube S4 may be electric switches, and the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3, or the fourth switch tube S4 may be opened or closed by transmitting different control signals, thereby achieving a high degree of automation.
For example, when the second switch tube S2 is closed, the first switch tube S1 performs complementary switching operations with the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4, that is, when the first switch tube S1 is closed, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are turned off, when the first switch tube S1 is turned off, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are closed, and the switching pulses of the four switch tubes are shown in fig. 2, at this time, the voltage converter operates in the step-down mode, and the corresponding equivalent circuit diagram is shown in fig. 3 and 4.
When the first switch tube S1 is closed, the second switch tube S2 performs complementary switching operations with the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4, that is, when the second switch tube S2 is closed, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are turned off, when the second switch tube S2 is turned off, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are closed, and the switching pulses of the four switch tubes are shown in fig. 5, at this time, the voltage converter operates in the boost mode, and the corresponding equivalent circuit diagram is shown in fig. 6 and 7.
In one embodiment, the voltage converter further includes a controller, and the control terminal of the first switch tube S1, the control terminal of the second switch tube S2, the control terminal of the third switch tube S3 and the control terminal of the fourth switch tube S4 are all connected to the controller. The controller can send different control signals to the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 through the control end of the switch tube, so as to control the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 to be switched on or off, thereby realizing the control of the operation of the voltage converter, and having high automation degree. The type of the control signal is not exclusive, and for example, the control signal may be a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal, where the PWM signal includes a high level and a low level, and the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3, and the fourth switch tube S4 are in an on state or an off state when receiving different level signals, so as to implement convenient adjustment and control of the operating mode of the voltage converter.
In one embodiment, the controller is configured to control the second switching tube S2 to be turned on constantly when receiving the step-down command, and control the first switching tube S1 and the third switching tube S3 to perform complementary switching actions, so as to control the conducting state of the fourth switching tube S4 to match with the conducting state of the third switching tube S3. Specifically, the second switching tube S2 is turned on constantly, which means that the second switching tube S2 is always kept in a conducting state, the first switching tube S1 and the third switching tube S3 are controlled to perform complementary switching actions, the conducting state of the fourth switching tube S4 is controlled to match with the conducting state of the third switching tube S3, the conducting state of the fourth switching tube S4 is matched with the conducting state of the third switching tube S3, so that the conducting state of the fourth switching tube S4 is the same as the conducting state of the third switching tube S3, that is, when the first switching tube S1 is closed, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 are opened, when the first switching tube S1 is opened, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 are closed, and the switching pulses of the four switching tubes are shown in fig. 2, when the voltage converter operates in the step-down mode, and its corresponding equivalent circuit diagrams are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The controller is further configured to control the first switching tube S1 to be turned on constantly, control the second switching tube S2 and the third switching tube S3 to perform complementary switching actions, and control the conducting state of the fourth switching tube S4 to match with the conducting state of the third switching tube S3 when a boost command is received. Specifically, the first switching tube S1 being turned on constantly means that the first switching tube S1 is always kept on, the second switching tube S2 and the third switching tube S3 are controlled to perform complementary switching actions, and the on state of the fourth switching tube S4 is controlled to match with the on state of the third switching tube S3, that is, when the second switching tube S2 is turned on, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 are turned off, when the second switching tube S2 is turned off, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 are turned on, and switching pulses of the four switching tubes are shown in fig. 5, at this time, the voltage converter operates in the boost mode, and corresponding equivalent circuit diagrams thereof are shown in fig. 6 and 7.
In one embodiment, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 maintain synchronous action. The synchronous action of the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 means that when the difference between the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 is within an allowable error range at the same time or at two times, the conducting state of the third switch tube S3 is the same as the conducting state of the fourth switch tube S4, that is, when the third switch tube S3 is conducting, the fourth switch tube S4 is conducting, and when the third switch tube S3 is disconnected, the fourth switch tube S4 is disconnected. Further, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 can keep synchronous action by sending the same type of level signal to the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4. It is understood that in other embodiments, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 may be kept synchronously in other manners, as long as the implementation is considered by those skilled in the art.
In one embodiment, the inductances of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are matched. Specifically, the inductance of the first inductor L1 and the inductance of the second inductor L2 match, the inductance of the first inductor L1 may be equal to the inductance of the second inductor L2, or the difference between the inductance of the first inductor L1 and the inductance of the second inductor L2 may be within an allowable error range. When the inductance of the first inductor L1 and the inductance of the second inductor L2 are matched, after the two inductors are charged in parallel in the same time period, the currents of the two inductors are matched, and the improvement of the working stability of the voltage converter is facilitated.
Further, when the inductances of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are matched, if the voltage converter operates in the buck mode, as can be seen from fig. 2, at t0～t1]Stage (2): the first switch tube S1 is turned on, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are turned off, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series to store energy, as shown in fig. 3, and the dashed line indicates the current flowing channel in the circuit. At this stage, the current in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 increases, and the amount of increase in current in the individual inductors is respectively shown as:
Figure BDA0003442401500000081
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003442401500000082
indicating that the first inductance L1 is from t0To t1The increase in the inductor current of (2);
Figure BDA0003442401500000083
indicating that the second inductance L2 is from t0To t1The increase in the inductor current of (2); viRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d1Is shown in a switching period TsInner and outer switch tubes S1The on-time of (c).
At [ t ]1～t2]Stage (2): the first switch tube S1 is turned off, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are turned on, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in parallel to release energy, as shown in fig. 4. At this stage the current in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 decreases, the amount of current decrease is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003442401500000084
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003442401500000085
indicating that the first inductance L1 is from t1To t2The amount of decrease in inductor current of (a);
Figure BDA0003442401500000086
indicating that the second inductance L2 is from t1To t2The amount of decrease in inductor current of (a); voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d1Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the first switch tube S1 is a percentage.
When the switching circuit of the voltage converter operates stably, the current change amount of the inductor in one switching period is finally 0, that is, the current increment passing through the inductor and the current reduction amount of the inductor are equal. Therefore, the circuit can stably work by meeting volt-second balance. The following equation for the first inductance L1 and the second inductance L2 column volt-second balance can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003442401500000091
substituting the formulas (1) and (2) into the formula (3) can obtain:
Figure BDA0003442401500000092
wherein, ViRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d1Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the first switch tube S1 is a percentage.
The conversion formula (4) can obtain the voltage gain formula in the voltage reduction mode of the voltage converter as follows:
Figure BDA0003442401500000093
wherein, ViRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d1Is shown in a switching period TsIn the first switch tube S1, the conduction time ton1The ratio of the active ingredients to the total amount of the active ingredients. Equation (5) is the voltage equation of the voltage converter in the buck mode. Since d1 is in the range of 0 to 1, d1<(2-d1), therefore, the voltage gain G is necessarily less than 1, i.e. the output voltage is less than the input voltage, and the operation mode of the voltage converter is step-down.
When the voltage converter operates in boost mode, as can be seen from fig. 5, at t0～t1]Stage (2): the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 are turned on, the second switching tube S2 is turned off, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in parallel to store energy, as shown in fig. 6. At this stage, the current in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 increases, and the increase in current is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003442401500000094
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003442401500000101
indicating that the first inductance L1 is from t0To t1The increase in the inductor current of (2);
Figure BDA0003442401500000102
indicating that the second inductance L2 is from t0To t1The increase in the inductor current of (2); viRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d2Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the second switch tube S2 is a ratio.
[t1～t2]Stage (2): the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are turned off, the second switch tube S2 is turned on, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series to release energy, as shown in fig. 7. At this stage the current in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 decreases, the amount of current decrease is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003442401500000103
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003442401500000104
indicating that the first inductance L1 is from t1To t2The amount of decrease in inductor current of (a);
Figure BDA0003442401500000105
indicating that the second inductance L2 is from t1To t2The amount of decrease in inductor current of (a); viRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d2Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the second switch tube S2 is a ratio. The switching frequency depends on many factors, such as the requirements of the system performance (dynamic, steady-state, harmonic, etc.), the loss characteristics of the switching device itself, the heat dissipation (water/air cooling), the environment of use, the load conditions, etc. Generally, the higher the frequency, the smaller the current harmonic of the circuit, and the larger the switching loss, and after the switching loss and the ripple size (inductance size and volume) are balanced, the switching loss and the ripple size need to be determined according to actual conditions and experience.
The following equation for the first inductance L1 and the second inductance L2 column volt-second balance can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003442401500000106
substituting the formulas (6) and (7) into (8) can obtain:
Figure BDA0003442401500000107
Virepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d is a radical of2Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the second switch tube S2 is a ratio.
The conversion formula (9) can obtain the voltage gain formula in the voltage boost mode of the voltage converter as follows:
Figure BDA0003442401500000111
Virepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; d2Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the second switch tube S2 is a ratio.
Table 1 shows the voltage gain comparison between the voltage converter of the present application and the conventional four-switch circuit. According to the definition of the duty ratio of the switching tube, the duty ratio of the switching tube can be changed within the range of 0-1, and the voltage converter and the conventional four-switch converter have a change range of the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage value in the boost mode and the buck mode, as shown in fig. 8. It can be seen that in the boost mode or the buck mode, when the same duty ratio is obtained, compared with the traditional four-switch circuit, the boost gain corresponding to the voltage converter provided by the application is larger, the buck gain is smaller, and the voltage regulation in a wider range can be realized.
Figure BDA0003442401500000112
TABLE 1
In one embodiment, the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are all MOS transistors (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect transistors). The MOS tube has more advantages, such as voltage control, convenient control mode, small volume, light weight, long service life, high input resistance, low noise, good thermal stability, strong anti-interference capability and low power consumption. It is understood that in other embodiments, the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 may be of other types as long as those skilled in the art can realize the above.
In one embodiment, the first switching tube S1, the second switching tube S2, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 are all N-channel MOS tubes. Correspondingly, the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3, the fourth switch tube S4 and other devices are connected in such a way that two ends of the first capacitor C1 are used as input ends of the voltage converter, two ends of the second capacitor C2 are used as output ends of the voltage converter, an anode of the input end is connected to the drain of the first switch tube S1, and an anode of the output end is connected to the drain of the second switch tube S2. The first inductor L1, the second inductor L2, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 form a switching voltage unit, and the inductance of the first inductor L1 is the same as that of the second inductor L2. The drain of the third switching tube S3 is connected to the first end of the first inductor L1 and the source of the first switching tube S1, and the source of the third switching tube S3 is connected to the second end of the second inductor L2 and the negative electrode of the output end. The source electrode of the fourth switching tube S4 is connected with the first end of the second inductor L2 and the negative electrode of the input end, the drain electrode of the fourth switching tube S4 is connected with one end of the first inductor L1 and the source electrode of the second switching tube S2, and the drain electrode of the second switching tube S2 is connected with the positive electrode of the output end. The circuit mode can be changed and controlled by inputting PWM pulses to the gates of the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4.
For a better understanding of the above embodiments, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with a specific embodiment. In one embodiment, the voltage converter comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first switch tube S1, a second switch tube S2, a third switch tube S3, a fourth switch tube S4 and a controller, wherein the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are all N-channel MOS transistors.
The input end of the voltage converter is usually connected with a voltage source with unstable voltage and fluctuation within a certain range, and the output end of the voltage converter is connected with a battery. The specific circuit of the voltage converter comprises an input end, an output end and a switch tube S1～S4The inductor comprises a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2. Input terminal ViAnode and switch tube S1Is connected to the drain of the transistor, and has an output terminal VoIs connected to the drain of the second switching tube S2. Two inductors L1、L2And a switching tube S3、S4Form a switch voltage unit with two same inductance values1＝L2L. Switch tube S3Drain electrode and inductor L of1One end of and a switch tube S1Is connected with the source electrode of the switching tube S3Source electrode and inductor L of2One end and an output end V ofoAre connected with each other. Switch tube S4Drain electrode and inductor L of1Another end and an output end V ofoIs connected with the positive pole of the switching tube S4Source and inductor L2And the other end and input end V ofiAre connected with each other. The controller is controlled by a switch tube S1～S4The input PWM pulse to the gate of the circuit performs the change and control of the circuit mode. Wherein the switch tube S3、S4Keep synchronous action, their on-off states are controlled by switch tube S1And S2And (4) jointly determining. In a switching period TsInner and outer switch tubes S1On-time t ofon1Duty ratio d1Is represented by1＝ton1/Ts(ii) a Also, in one switching period TsInner and outer switch tubes S2On-time t ofon2Duty ratio d2Is represented by2＝ton2/Ts. Through the on-off state combination of the four switching tubes, the voltage converter can work in two modes of a boosting mode and a boosting mode.
When the converter is operated in the buck mode, the switch tube S2Constant-current switch tube S1And a switching tube S3、S4Performing complementary switching actions, switching pulses of four tubesAs shown in fig. 2, when the switching pulse is at a high level, the corresponding switching tube is in an on state, and when the switching pulse is at a low level, the corresponding switching tube is in an off state, and the corresponding converter equivalent circuit is as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
At [ t ]0～t1]Stage (2): the first switch tube S1 is turned on, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are turned off, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series to store energy, as shown in fig. 3, and the dashed line indicates the current flowing channel in the circuit. At this stage, the current in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 increases, and the amount of increase in current in the individual inductors is respectively shown as:
Figure BDA0003442401500000131
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003442401500000132
indicating that the first inductance L1 is from t0To t1The increase in the inductor current of (2);
Figure BDA0003442401500000133
indicating that the second inductance L2 is from t0To t1The increase in the inductor current of (2); viRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d1Is shown in a switching period TsInner and outer switch tubes S1The on-time of (c).
At [ t ]1～t2]Stage (2): the first switch tube S1 is turned off, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are turned on, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in parallel to release energy, as shown in fig. 4. At this stage the current in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 decreases, the amount of current decrease is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003442401500000141
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003442401500000142
indicating that the first inductance L1 is from t1To t2The amount of decrease in inductor current of (a);
Figure BDA0003442401500000143
indicating that the second inductance L2 is from t1To t2The amount of decrease in inductor current of (a); voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d1Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the first switch tube S1 is a percentage.
When the switching circuit of the voltage converter operates stably, the current change amount of the inductor in one switching period is finally 0, that is, the current increment passing through the inductor and the current reduction amount of the inductor are equal. Therefore, the voltage-second balance is satisfied, so that the circuit can stably work. The following equation for the first inductance L1 and the second inductance L2 column volt-second balance can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003442401500000144
substituting the formulas (1) and (2) into the formula (3) can obtain:
Figure BDA0003442401500000145
wherein, ViRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d1Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the first switch tube S1 is a percentage.
The conversion formula (4) can obtain the voltage gain formula in the voltage reduction mode of the voltage converter as follows:
Figure BDA0003442401500000146
wherein, ViRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d1Is shown in a switching period TsIn the first switch tube S1, the conduction time ton1The ratio of the active ingredients to the total amount of the active ingredients. Equation (5) is the voltage equation of the voltage converter in the buck mode. Since d1 is in the range of 0 to 1, d1<(2-d1), therefore, the voltage gain G is necessarily less than 1, i.e. the output voltage is less than the input voltage, and the operation mode of the voltage converter is step-down.
When the converter is operated in boost mode, the switching tube S1Constant-current switch tube S2And a switching tube S3、S4The complementary switching action is performed, the switching pulses for the four tubes are shown in fig. 5, and the corresponding converter equivalent circuits are shown in fig. 6 and 7.
At [ t ]0～t1]Stage (2): the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 are turned on, the second switching tube S2 is turned off, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in parallel to store energy, as shown in fig. 6. At this stage, the current in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 increases, and the increase in current is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003442401500000151
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003442401500000152
indicating that the first inductance L1 is from t0To t1The increase in the inductor current of (2);
Figure BDA0003442401500000153
indicating that the second inductance L2 is from t0To t1The increase in the inductor current of (2); viRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d2Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the second switch tube S2 is a ratio.
[t1～t2]Stage (2): the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are turned off, the second switch tube S2 is turned on, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series to release energy, as shown in fig. 7. At this stage the current in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 decreases, the amount of current decrease is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003442401500000154
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003442401500000155
indicating that the first inductance L1 is from t1To t2The amount of decrease in inductor current of (a);
Figure BDA0003442401500000156
indicating that the second inductance L2 is from t1To t2The amount of decrease in inductor current of (a); viRepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output terminal voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d2Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the second switch tube S2 is a ratio. The switching frequency depends on many factors, such as the requirements of the system performance (dynamic, steady-state, harmonic, etc.), the loss characteristics of the switching device itself, the heat dissipation (water/air cooling), the environment of use, the load conditions, etc. Generally, the higher the frequency, the smaller the current harmonic of the circuit, and the larger the switching loss, and after the switching loss and the ripple size (inductance size and volume) are balanced, the switching loss and the ripple size need to be determined according to actual conditions and experience.
The following equation for the first inductance L1 and the second inductance L2 column volt-second balance can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003442401500000161
substituting the formulas (6) and (7) into (8) can obtain:
Figure BDA0003442401500000162
Virepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; l represents the inductance values of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2; d2Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the second switch tube S2 is a ratio.
The conversion formula (9) can obtain the voltage gain formula in the voltage boost mode of the voltage converter as follows:
Figure BDA0003442401500000163
Virepresenting the input voltage of the voltage converter; voRepresenting the output voltage of the voltage converter; d2Is shown in a switching period TsThe on-time of the second switch tube S2 is a ratio.
Table 1 shows the voltage gain comparison between the voltage converter of the present application and the conventional four-switch circuit. According to the definition of the duty ratio of the switching tube, the duty ratio of the switching tube can be changed within the range of 0-1, and the change ranges of the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage value of the voltage converter and the conventional four-switch converter in the boost mode and the buck mode are shown in fig. 8. It can be seen that in the boost mode or the buck mode, when the same duty ratio is obtained, compared with the traditional four-switch circuit, the boost gain corresponding to the voltage converter provided by the application is larger, the buck gain is smaller, and the voltage regulation in a wider range can be realized. The voltage converter is a switch inductor non-isolated DC-DC converter with a wide buck-boost range, has a symmetrical structure, can realize bidirectional operation, and can realize higher boost gain and lower buck gain with the same duty ratio in a boost mode and a buck mode compared with a traditional four-switch converter.
The voltage converter comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first switch tube S1, a second switch tube S2, a third switch tube S3 and a fourth switch tube S4, wherein a first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to a first end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the first inductor L1 and a first end of the third switch tube S3 are both connected to a second end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the fourth switch tube S4 and a second end of the second switch tube S2 are both connected to a second end of the first inductor L1, a second end of the third switch tube S3 is connected to a second end of the second inductor L2, a second end of the fourth switch tube S4 is connected to a first end of the second inductor L2, a first end of the second switch tube S2 is connected to a first end of the second capacitor C2, and a second end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the second end of the second inductor L2. The voltage converter is simple and symmetrical in structure, the voltage converter can work in a boosting mode or a voltage reduction mode by changing the conduction states of the first switching tube S1, the second switching tube S2, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4, bidirectional operation is achieved, further, boosting conversion with high output gain and voltage reduction conversion with low output gain are achieved, working performance is good, and use is reliable.
In an embodiment, a method for controlling a voltage converter is provided, which is implemented based on the above voltage converter, and referring to fig. 9, the method for controlling a voltage converter includes the following steps:
step S100: when a voltage reduction command is received, the second switching tube is controlled to be constantly switched on, and the first switching tube and the third switching tube are controlled to perform complementary switching actions.
The conducting state of the fourth switching tube S4 is matched with the conducting state of the third switching tube S3;
step S200: when a boosting command is received, the first switching tube is controlled to be constantly switched on, and the second switching tube and the third switching tube are controlled to perform complementary switching actions.
The conducting state of the fourth switching tube S4 matches with the conducting state of the third switching tube S3.
The control method of the voltage converter comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first switch tube S1, a second switch tube S2, a third switch tube S3 and a fourth switch tube S4, wherein a first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to a first end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the first inductor L1 and a first end of the third switch tube S3 are both connected to a second end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the fourth switch tube S4 and a second end of the second switch tube S2 are both connected to a second end of the first inductor L1, a second end of the third switch tube S3 is connected to a second end of the second inductor L2, a second end of the fourth switch tube S4 is connected to a first end of the second inductor L2, a first end of the second switch tube S2 is connected to a second end of the second capacitor C2, and a second end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the second end of the second inductor L2. The voltage converter is simple and symmetrical in structure, the voltage converter can work in a boosting mode or a voltage reduction mode by changing the conduction states of the first switching tube S1, the second switching tube S2, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4, bidirectional operation is achieved, further, boosting conversion with high output gain and voltage reduction conversion with low output gain are achieved, working performance is good, and use is reliable.
In one embodiment, a control device of a voltage converter is provided, which includes a buck control module and a boost control module, the buck control module is configured to control a second switching tube S2 to be turned on constantly when receiving a buck command, and control a first switching tube S1 and a third switching tube S3 to perform a complementary switching action, a conducting state of a fourth switching tube S4 is matched with a conducting state of a third switching tube S3, the boost control module is configured to control a first switching tube S1 to be turned on constantly when receiving a boost command, and control the second switching tube S2 and the third switching tube S3 to perform a complementary switching action, and a conducting state of the fourth switching tube S4 is matched with a conducting state of the third switching tube S3.
The control device of the voltage converter comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first switch tube S1, a second switch tube S2, a third switch tube S3 and a fourth switch tube S4, wherein a first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with a first end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the first inductor L1 and a first end of the third switch tube S3 are both connected with a second end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the fourth switch tube S4 and a second end of the second switch tube S2 are both connected with a second end of the first inductor L1, a second end of the third switch tube S3 is connected with a second end of the second inductor L2, a second end of the fourth switch tube S4 is connected with a first end of the second inductor L2, a first end of the second switch tube S2 is connected with a second end of the second capacitor C6, and a second end of the second inductor L2 is connected with a second end of the second inductor L2. The voltage converter is simple and symmetrical in structure, the voltage converter can work in a boosting mode or a voltage reduction mode by changing the conduction states of the first switching tube S1, the second switching tube S2, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4, bidirectional operation is achieved, further, boosting conversion with high output gain and voltage reduction conversion with low output gain are achieved, working performance is good, and use is reliable.
In an embodiment, there is provided a voltage conversion apparatus comprising a voltage converter as described above, and further comprising a control device of a voltage converter as described above.
The voltage conversion device comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first switch tube S1, a second switch tube S2, a third switch tube S3 and a fourth switch tube S4, wherein a first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to a first end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the first inductor L1 and a first end of the third switch tube S3 are both connected to a second end of the first switch tube S1, a first end of the fourth switch tube S4 and a second end of the second switch tube S2 are both connected to a second end of the first inductor L1, a second end of the third switch tube S3 is connected to a second end of the second inductor L2, a second end of the fourth switch tube S4 is connected to a first end of the second inductor L2, a first end of the second switch tube S2 is connected to a first end of the second capacitor C2, and a second end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the second end of the second inductor L2. The voltage converter is simple and symmetrical in structure, the voltage converter can work in a boosting mode or a voltage reduction mode by changing the conduction states of the first switching tube S1, the second switching tube S2, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4, bidirectional operation is achieved, further, boosting conversion with high output gain and voltage reduction conversion with low output gain are achieved, working performance is good, and use is reliable.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a voltage converter, its characterized in that includes first electric capacity, second electric capacity, first inductance, second inductance, first switch tube, second switch tube, third switch tube and fourth switch tube, the first end of first electric capacity is connected the first end of first switch tube, the first end of first inductance with the first end of third switch tube all is connected the second end of first switch tube, the first end of fourth switch tube with the second end of second switch tube all is connected the second end of first inductance, the second end of third switch tube is connected the second end of second inductance, the second end of fourth switch tube is connected the first end of second inductance, the first end of second switch tube is connected the first end of second electric capacity, the second end of second electric capacity is connected the second end of second inductance.
2. The voltage converter according to claim 1, further comprising a controller, wherein the control end of the first switching tube, the control end of the second switching tube, the control end of the third switching tube and the control end of the fourth switching tube are all connected to the controller.
3. The voltage converter according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to control the second switching tube to be turned on constantly when a step-down command is received, control the first switching tube and the third switching tube to perform complementary switching actions, and control a conducting state of the fourth switching tube to match a conducting state of the third switching tube; and the second switch tube and the third switch tube are controlled to carry out complementary switching action, and the conduction state of the fourth switch tube is controlled to be matched with the conduction state of the third switch tube.
4. The voltage converter of claim 1, wherein the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube maintain synchronous operation.
5. A voltage converter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the inductances of the first and second inductances are matched.
6. The voltage converter according to claim 1, wherein the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube are all MOS tubes.
7. The voltage converter according to claim 6, wherein the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube are all N-channel MOS tubes.
8. A method for controlling a voltage converter, which is implemented by the voltage converter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprises the following steps:
when a voltage reduction instruction is received, the second switching tube is controlled to be constantly switched on, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are controlled to perform complementary switching action, and the conduction state of the fourth switching tube is matched with the conduction state of the third switching tube;
when a boosting instruction is received, the first switching tube is controlled to be constantly switched on, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are controlled to perform complementary switching action, and the conduction state of the fourth switching tube is matched with the conduction state of the third switching tube.
9. A control apparatus of a voltage converter, comprising:
the voltage reduction control module is used for controlling the second switching tube to be constantly switched on and controlling the first switching tube and the third switching tube to perform complementary switching actions when a voltage reduction instruction is received, and the conduction state of the fourth switching tube is matched with the conduction state of the third switching tube;
and the boost control module is used for controlling the first switching tube to be constantly switched on and controlling the second switching tube and the third switching tube to perform complementary switching actions when a boost instruction is received, and the conduction state of the fourth switching tube is matched with the conduction state of the third switching tube.
10. A voltage converter arrangement, characterized by comprising a voltage converter according to any of claims 1-7, and further comprising control means for a voltage converter according to claim 9.
CN202111638681.0A 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Voltage converter, control method and device thereof and voltage conversion equipment Pending CN114499185A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117977958A (en) * 2024-04-02 2024-05-03 惠州市乐亿通科技股份有限公司 Voltage converter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117977958A (en) * 2024-04-02 2024-05-03 惠州市乐亿通科技股份有限公司 Voltage converter
CN117977958B (en) * 2024-04-02 2024-06-07 惠州市乐亿通科技股份有限公司 Voltage converter

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