CN114487554B - IV measuring method of pulse power amplifier - Google Patents

IV measuring method of pulse power amplifier Download PDF

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CN114487554B
CN114487554B CN202210112077.2A CN202210112077A CN114487554B CN 114487554 B CN114487554 B CN 114487554B CN 202210112077 A CN202210112077 A CN 202210112077A CN 114487554 B CN114487554 B CN 114487554B
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pulse
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power amplifier
current
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CN114487554A (en
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方文饶
付超
赵娟
王璐璐
黄文华
李佳伟
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Testing Of Individual Semiconductor Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave measurement, and provides an IV measurement method for a high-power pulse power amplifier. The method is the same as the prior method in measuring the voltage V, and is different from the prior method in measuring the current I. The method uses an ammeter to measure the average current output by a power supply to a pulse power amplifier, and then calculates the pulse current of the power amplifier according to the relation between the pulse current of the power amplifier and the average current output by the power supply. Compared with the existing method, the method has the advantages of simple test and strong universality, can effectively reduce voltage overshoot and protect the pulse power amplifier, and has higher practical application value.

Description

IV measuring method of pulse power amplifier
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the field of power amplifier testing, and particularly relates to an IV measuring method of a high-power pulse power amplifier, which can reduce parasitic inductance of a power supply line of the power amplifier, reduce circuit overshoot caused by the parasitic inductance and improve testing safety and reliability.
The background technology is as follows:
In pulse system radar, time-sharing electronic countermeasure system and burst communication system, the power amplifier works in pulse mode, and the pulse modulation mode includes two kinds of grid voltage modulation and drain voltage modulation. Dhar et al in 2009, paper "Performance enhancement of Pulsed Solid State Power Amplifier using Drain Modulation over Gate Modulation", indicate that a pulsed power amplifier modulated with a drain voltage can achieve higher efficiency, greater output power, higher gain, faster rising edges, faster falling edges, and flatter gain than a pulsed power amplifier modulated with a gate voltage, and thus better performance.
With the increasing maturity of the third generation semiconductor material GaN technology, the output power of the microwave power amplifier is continuously improved, the output power of the device is broken through in kW level at present, and the paper "A kW-CLASS ALGAN/GAN HEMT PALLET AMPLIFIER for S-band High Power Application" published in 2007 by E.Mitani et al, and the paper "Kilowatt-level power AMPLIFIER IN A SINGLE-ended architecture at 352MHz" published in 2016 by L.Haapala et al are recorded as the kW level power amplifier.
Measuring IV curves is an important method of studying power amplifiers, I being the drain current and V being the drain voltage. If the study target is a pulsed power amplifier, measuring the IV curve requires measuring the instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current at pulse on. In the existing method, the voltage probe and the oscilloscope can be used for measuring the instantaneous voltage, and the current probe and the oscilloscope can be used for measuring the instantaneous current.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art system connection for measuring instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current. The measuring power amplifier is in a drain voltage modulation mode, the grid voltage is negative voltage, and the drain voltage and the drain current are pulse voltage and pulse current.
The system connection relation is as follows:
(1) The grid electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a signal source, a blocking capacitor is added in the middle of the measuring power amplifier, and the signal source outputs pulse microwave excitation to the measuring power amplifier.
(2) The grid electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a negative-pressure direct-current power supply, and the negative-pressure direct-current power supply provides direct-current negative pressure.
(3) The drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a voltage modulation circuit, and the voltage modulation circuit outputs pulse voltage.
(4) The drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a power meter, a blocking capacitor is added in the middle of the measuring power amplifier, and the power meter detects and measures the output power of the power amplifier.
(5) The voltage modulation circuit is connected with a high-voltage direct-current power supply, the direct-current power supply outputs high voltage to the voltage modulation circuit, and the pulse voltage amplitude output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the voltage amplitude of the direct-current power supply.
(6) The voltage modulation circuit is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 1 to the voltage modulation circuit, and the time sequence of the pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 1
(7) The signal source is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 2 to the signal source, and the time sequence of pulse microwave excitation output by the signal source is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 2.
(8) The current probe is sleeved on a connecting line between the voltage modulation circuit and the drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier, and the current passing through the connecting line is measured, and meanwhile, the current is also the drain current of the measuring power amplifier.
(9) The current probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the current probe is displayed through the oscilloscope.
(10) The voltage probe is contacted with the drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier, and the drain voltage of the power amplifier is measured.
(11) The voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed through the oscilloscope.
(12) The leading edge of the pulse modulated signal 1 is earlier than the leading edge of the pulse modulated signal 2, and the trailing edge of the pulse modulated signal 1 is later than the trailing edge of the pulse modulated signal 2.
When the pulse modulation signal 1 is started and the pulse modulation signal 2 is closed, the drain voltage of the power amplifier is V, and the drain current is I q; when the pulse modulation signal 1 is turned on and the pulse modulation signal 2 is turned on, the drain current of the power amplifier is I q, but the parasitic inductance L in the drain power supply path generates the calculation formula of the drain voltage overshoot V s,Vs shown in fig. 2, see formula (1), and t f is the trailing edge time of pulse microwave excitation:
see formula (2), the parasitic inductance L of the drain power supply path is composed of many aspects: the power amplifier comprises an intrinsic parasitic inductance L in of the measuring power amplifier, a choke inductance L choke of a drain bias circuit of the measuring power amplifier, and a connecting line inductance L C between a voltage modulation circuit and a drain of the measuring power amplifier.
L=LC+Lchoke+Lin (2)
When the prior art is used for measuring the instantaneous voltage of the high-power pulse power amplifier, the voltage probe has no influence on a circuit, and the prior art can be used for measuring the instantaneous voltage of the high-power pulse power amplifier.
When the prior art is used for measuring the instantaneous current of the high-power pulse power amplifier, a current probe with a measuring range exceeding hundred amperes is needed, the size of the wide-range probe is large, a connecting wire between a voltage modulation circuit and a drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier is required to be prolonged when the probe is placed, the inductance L C of the connecting wire and the parasitic inductance L of a drain electrode power supply path are greatly increased, and then the voltage overshoot V s is greatly increased, so that the safety of the power amplifier is seriously affected.
The invention comprises the following steps:
Aiming at the problems that the parasitic inductance is increased and the voltage overshoot is increased when the current probe is used for testing the current of the high-power pulse power amplifier in the traditional method, the invention provides the IV measuring method of the pulse power amplifier, which does not use the current probe any more, can effectively reduce the parasitic inductance and the voltage overshoot, and is beneficial to ensuring the safety of the power amplifier.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for measuring IV of a pulse power amplifier, which firstly uses an ammeter to measure average current output by a power supply to the pulse power amplifier, and then calculates the pulse current of the power amplifier required for IV measurement according to the relationship between the pulse current of the power amplifier and the average current output by the power supply.
Further, the method comprises two parts of voltage measurement and current measurement,
The voltage measuring method is that a voltage probe is contacted with a drain electrode of a measuring power amplifier, and the drain voltage of the power amplifier is measured; the voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed through the oscilloscope;
The current measurement comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a relation between drain current I p of a power amplifier and average current I a of power supply output;
Assuming that the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse modulation signal 1 is PRF and the pulse width is τ; when the pulse modulation signal 1 is on, the drain current of the power amplifier is I p, and when the pulse modulation signal 1 is off, the drain current of the power amplifier is I 0, and then a relation formula of the current I a and the drain current I p、I0 shown in the formula (3) can be established;
Ia=Ip·PRF·τ+I0(1-PRF·τ) (3)
If PRF is known and the pulse width can be adjusted, another expression of the relationship of I p and I 0 can be obtained from equation (3), as shown in equation (4);
Then, the pulse repetition frequency PRF of the pulse modulation signal 1 and the pulse modulation signal 2 is set to be a reasonable value, the pulse width tau of the pulse modulation signal 1 is set to be a reasonable initial value tau 1, and the ampere meter measured value I a1 at the moment is recorded; keeping the pulse repetition frequency PRF unchanged, the pulse width τ of the pulse modulation signal sequentially changes to τ 2、τ3......、τn, the interval of pulse width change is Δτ, the corresponding ammeter measured value I a2、Ia3、......Ian after the pulse width τ change is recorded, and the drain current I p1、Ip2、......Ip(n-1) when the corresponding pulse is turned on can be obtained by the formula (4).
Further, the leading edge of the pulse modulation signal 1 is earlier than the leading edge of the pulse signal 2, and the trailing edge of the pulse signal 2 is later than the trailing edge of the pulse signal 2.
A second aspect of the invention provides an IV measurement system for a pulsed power amplifier, the system comprising: the system comprises a pulse signal generator, a high-voltage direct current power supply, an ammeter, a voltage modulation circuit, an oscilloscope, a power meter, a negative-voltage direct current power supply, a signal source, a current probe, a voltage probe, a measuring power amplifier and a capacitor;
the grid electrode of the measuring power amplifier is respectively connected with a signal source and a negative-pressure direct-current power supply, a blocking capacitor is added between the grid electrode and the signal source, and the signal source outputs pulse microwave excitation to the measuring power amplifier; the negative-pressure direct-current power supply provides direct-current negative pressure;
The drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier is respectively connected with a voltage modulation circuit and a power meter, a blocking capacitor is added between the drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier and the power meter, the power meter detects and measures the output power of the power amplifier, and the voltage modulation circuit outputs pulse voltage;
The high-voltage direct current power supply is connected with the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the direct current power supply outputs high voltage to the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the pulse voltage amplitude output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the voltage amplitude of the high-voltage direct current power supply, and the ammeter can test the current I a output by the direct current power supply to the voltage modulation circuit;
The voltage modulation circuit is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 1 to the voltage modulation circuit, and the time sequence of the pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 1;
the signal source is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 2 to the signal source, and the time sequence of pulse microwave excitation output by the signal source is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 2;
The voltage probe is contacted with the drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier, and the drain voltage of the power amplifier is measured; the voltage probe is also connected with an oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed through the oscilloscope.
The beneficial effects are that:
The invention uses an ammeter to measure the average current of the pulse power amplifier, and then calculates the pulse current required by IV measurement according to the relation between the instantaneous current and the average current. Compared with the traditional mode, the method is simple in test and high in universality, a current probe capable of increasing voltage overshoot is not used any more, the voltage overshoot can be effectively reduced, the pulse power amplifier is protected, and the method has high practical application value.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art system;
FIG. 2 is a prior art measurement pulse power amplifier drain voltage waveform;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system technology system;
FIG. 4 drain current I p measured by prior art and inventive techniques;
FIG. 5 absolute error of measurement results of prior art and inventive techniques;
FIG. 6 relative error of measurement results of prior art and inventive techniques;
The technique of fig. 7 measures the drain voltage waveform of a pulsed power amplifier.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to solve the problem that the voltage overshoot V s is too large when the instantaneous current of the high-power pulse power amplifier is measured in the prior art, and ensure the safety of the power amplifier.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system connection of the present technology. The voltage test technique is the same as the prior art and the current test technique varies. The system comprises a pulse signal generator, a high-voltage direct-current power supply, an ammeter, a voltage modulation circuit, an oscilloscope, a power meter, a negative-voltage direct-current power supply, a signal source, a current probe, a voltage probe, a measuring power amplifier and a capacitor.
The system connection relation is as follows:
(1) The grid electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a signal source, a blocking capacitor is added in the middle of the measuring power amplifier, and the signal source outputs pulse microwave excitation to the measuring power amplifier.
(2) The grid electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a negative-pressure direct-current power supply, and the negative-pressure direct-current power supply provides direct-current negative pressure.
(3) The drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a voltage modulation circuit, and the voltage modulation circuit outputs pulse voltage.
(4) The drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a power meter, a blocking capacitor is added in the middle of the measuring power amplifier, and the power meter detects and measures the output power of the power amplifier.
(5) The high-voltage direct current power supply is connected with the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the direct current power supply outputs high voltage to the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the pulse voltage amplitude output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the voltage amplitude of the high-voltage direct current power supply, and the ammeter can test the current I a output by the direct current power supply to the voltage modulation circuit.
(6) The voltage modulation circuit is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 1 to the voltage modulation circuit, and the time sequence of the pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 1.
(7) The signal source is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 2 to the signal source, and the time sequence of pulse microwave excitation output by the signal source is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 2.
(8) The voltage probe is positioned at the drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier, and the drain voltage of the power amplifier is measured.
(9) The voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed through the oscilloscope.
(10) The leading edge of the pulse modulated signal 1 is earlier than the leading edge of the pulse modulated signal 2, and the trailing edge of the pulse modulated signal 1 is later than the trailing edge of the pulse modulated signal 2.
Let the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse modulated signal 1 be PRF and the pulse width be τ. When the pulse modulation signal 1 is on, the drain current of the power amplifier is I p, and when the pulse modulation signal 1 is off, the drain current of the power amplifier is I 0, and then a relation formula of the current I a and the drain current I p、I0 shown in the formula (3) can be established;
Ia=Ip·PRF·τ+I0(1-PRF·τ) (3)
If PRF is known and the pulse width τ can be adjusted, another expression of the relationship of I p and I 0 can be obtained from equation (3), see equation (4).
According to the measurement system built in fig. 3, the pulse repetition frequency PRF of the pulse modulation signal 1 and the pulse modulation signal 2 are set to reasonable values, the pulse width τ of the pulse modulation signal 1 is set to a reasonable initial value τ 1, and the current meter measured value I a1 at the moment is recorded; keeping the pulse repetition frequency PRF unchanged, the pulse width τ of the pulse modulation signal sequentially changes to τ 2、τ3......、τn, the interval of pulse width change is Δτ, the corresponding ammeter measured value I a2、Ia3、......Ian after the pulse width τ change is recorded, and the drain current I p1、Ip2、......Ip(n-1) when the corresponding pulse is turned on can be obtained by the formula (4).
The voltage test measures instantaneous voltage by using a voltage probe and an oscilloscope, the voltage probe is contacted with a drain electrode of a measurement power amplifier, and the drain voltage of the power amplifier is measured; the voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed through the oscilloscope.
The results of the drain current I p measured by the prior art and inventive methods are shown in fig. 4, and the results of the prior art and inventive methods are substantially the same. The absolute error of the measurement results of the prior art and the inventive method is shown in fig. 5, and the absolute value of the absolute error is less than 0.2A. The relative error of the measurement results of the prior art and the method of the present invention is shown in fig. 6, and the absolute value of the relative error is less than 2%. The drain voltage waveform of the pulse power amplifier is shown in fig. 7, the voltage overshoot is 20V, which is only 36.4% of the voltage overshoot generated in the prior art measurement.
The adoption of the technical scheme of the invention to measure the drain instantaneous current of the high-power pulse power amplifier can obviously reduce parasitic inductance L and voltage overshoot V s, obviously improve the measurement safety, and simultaneously the accuracy of the measurement result is basically the same as that of the prior art.

Claims (3)

1. The method is characterized in that an ammeter is used for measuring the average current output by a power supply to the pulse power amplifier, and then the pulse current of the power amplifier required by IV measurement is calculated according to the relation between the pulse current of the power amplifier and the average current output by the power supply;
the method comprises two parts of voltage measurement and current measurement,
The voltage measuring method is that a voltage probe is contacted with a drain electrode of a measuring power amplifier, and the drain voltage of the power amplifier is measured; meanwhile, the voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed through the oscilloscope;
The current measurement comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a relation between drain current I p of a power amplifier and average current I a of power supply output;
Assuming that the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse modulation signal 1 is PRF and the pulse width is τ; when the pulse modulation signal 1 is started, the drain current of the power amplifier is I p, and when the pulse modulation signal 1 is stopped, the drain current of the power amplifier is I 0, and then a relation formula of current I a and drain current I p、I0 shown in a formula (3) is established;
Ia=Ip·PRF·τ+I0(1-PRF·τ) (3)
if PRF is known, the pulse width τ is adjusted, another expression of the relationship of I p and I a is obtained from equation (3), as shown in equation (4);
then, the pulse repetition frequency PRF of the pulse modulation signal 1 and the pulse modulation signal 2 is set to be a reasonable value, the pulse width tau of the pulse modulation signal 1 is set to be a reasonable initial value tau 1, and the ampere meter measured value I a1 at the moment is recorded; keeping the pulse repetition frequency PRF unchanged, sequentially changing the pulse width tau of the pulse modulation signal into tau 2、τ3......、τn, recording the corresponding ammeter measured value I a2、Ia3、......Ian after the pulse width tau is changed, and obtaining the corresponding drain current I p1、Ip2、......Ip(n-1) when the pulse is started through a formula (4).
2. The IV measurement method of a pulse power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein a leading edge of the pulse modulation signal 1 is earlier than a leading edge of the pulse modulation signal 2, and a trailing edge of the pulse modulation signal 2 is later than a trailing edge of the pulse modulation signal 2.
3. A measurement system for implementing the method of IV measurement of a pulsed power amplifier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the system comprises: the system comprises a pulse signal generator, a high-voltage direct current power supply, an ammeter, a voltage modulation circuit, an oscilloscope, a power meter, a negative-voltage direct current power supply, a signal source, a current probe, a voltage probe, a measuring power amplifier and a capacitor;
the grid electrode of the measuring power amplifier is respectively connected with a signal source and a negative-pressure direct-current power supply, a blocking capacitor is added between the grid electrode and the signal source, and the signal source outputs pulse microwave excitation to the measuring power amplifier; the negative-pressure direct-current power supply provides direct-current negative pressure;
The drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier is respectively connected with a voltage modulation circuit and a power meter, a blocking capacitor is added between the drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier and the power meter, the power meter detects and measures the output power of the power amplifier, and the voltage modulation circuit outputs pulse voltage;
the high-voltage direct current power supply is connected with the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the direct current power supply outputs high voltage to the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the pulse voltage amplitude output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the voltage amplitude of the high-voltage direct current power supply, and the ammeter tests the current I a output by the direct current power supply to the voltage modulation circuit;
The voltage modulation circuit is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 1 to the voltage modulation circuit, and the time sequence of the pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 1;
the signal source is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 2 to the signal source, and the time sequence of pulse microwave excitation output by the signal source is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 2;
the voltage probe is contacted with the drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier, and the drain voltage of the power amplifier is measured; meanwhile, the voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed through the oscilloscope.
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CN104090223A (en) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-08 西安芯派电子科技有限公司 Verification platform and test method for field effect transistor SOA curve
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