CN114487554A - IV measuring method of pulse power amplifier - Google Patents
IV measuring method of pulse power amplifier Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave measurement, and provides an IV (input/output) measurement method for a high-power pulse power amplifier. The method is the same for measuring the voltage V as the existing method, and is different for measuring the current I from the existing method. The method comprises the steps of measuring the average current output by a power supply to a pulse power amplifier by using an ammeter, and calculating the pulse current of the power amplifier according to the relation between the pulse current of the power amplifier and the average current output by the power supply. Compared with the existing method, the method is simple in test and strong in universality, can effectively reduce voltage overshoot and protect the pulse power amplifier, and has higher practical application value.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of power amplifier testing, and particularly relates to an IV (input/output) measuring method of a high-power pulse power amplifier, which can reduce parasitic inductance of a power supply line of the power amplifier, reduce circuit overshoot caused by the parasitic inductance and improve the testing safety and reliability.
Background art:
in a pulse system radar, a time-sharing electronic countermeasure system for transceiving and a burst communication system, a power amplifier works in a pulse mode, and the pulse modulation mode comprises grid voltage modulation and drain voltage modulation. Dhar et al, in 2009, "Performance enhancement of Pulsed Solid State Power Amplifier using Drain Modulation over Gate Modulation", indicate that a Pulsed Power Amplifier using Drain voltage Modulation can achieve higher efficiency, higher output Power, higher gain, faster rising edge, faster falling edge, and flatter gain than a Pulsed Power Amplifier using Gate voltage Modulation, and thus better Performance can be achieved with a Pulsed Power Amplifier using Drain voltage Modulation.
With the increasing maturity of the third generation semiconductor material GaN process, the output Power of the microwave Power Amplifier is continuously improved, the output Power of the device at present breaks through the kW level, and the kW level Power Amplifier is recorded in the paper "a kW-class AlGaN/GaN HEMT pellet for S-band High Power Application" published by e.mitani et al in 2007, and the "Kilowatt-level Power Amplifier in a single-ended architecture at 352 MHz" published by l.hapala et al in 2016.
Measuring the IV curve is an important method for studying power amplifiers, I is the drain current and V is the drain voltage. If the research objective is a pulse power amplifier, then measuring the IV curve requires measuring the instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current at the pulse turn on. In the existing method, a voltage probe and an oscilloscope can be used for measuring the instantaneous voltage, and a current probe and an oscilloscope can be used for measuring the instantaneous current.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art system connection for measuring instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current. The measurement power amplifier adopts a drain voltage modulation mode, the grid voltage is negative voltage, and the drain voltage and the drain current are pulse voltage and pulse current.
The system connection relationship is as follows:
(1) the grid of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a signal source, a blocking capacitor is added in the middle, and the signal source outputs pulse microwave excitation to the measuring power amplifier.
(2) The grid of the measurement power amplifier is connected with a negative-pressure direct-current power supply, and the negative-pressure direct-current power supply provides direct-current negative pressure.
(3) The drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier is connected with a voltage modulation circuit, and the voltage modulation circuit outputs pulse voltage.
(4) The drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a power meter, a blocking capacitor is added in the middle, and the power meter detects and measures the output power of the measuring power amplifier.
(5) The voltage modulation circuit is connected with the high-voltage direct-current power supply, the direct-current power supply outputs high voltage to the voltage modulation circuit, and the amplitude of pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the amplitude of voltage of the direct-current power supply.
(6) The voltage modulation circuit is connected with a pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 1 to the voltage modulation circuit, and the time sequence of the pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 1
(7) The signal source is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 2 to the signal source, and the time sequence of pulse microwave excitation output by the signal source is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 2.
(8) The current probe is sleeved on a connecting wire between the voltage modulation circuit and the drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier to measure the current passing through the connecting wire and simultaneously measure the drain electrode current of the power amplifier.
(9) The current probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the current probe is displayed by the oscilloscope.
(10) The voltage probe is contacted with the drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier, and the voltage of the drain electrode of the power amplifier is measured.
(11) The voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed by the oscilloscope.
(12) The leading edge of the pulse modulation signal 1 is earlier than the leading edge of the pulse modulation signal 2, and the trailing edge of the pulse modulation signal 1 is later than the trailing edge of the pulse modulation signal 2.
When the pulse modulation signal 1 is turned on and the pulse modulation signal 2 is turned off, the drain voltage of the power amplifier is V and the drain current is Iq(ii) a When the pulse modulation signal 1 is turned on and the pulse modulation signal 2 is turned on, the drain current of the power amplifier is IqHowever, due to the parasitic inductance L of the drain supply path, a drain voltage overshoot V as shown in FIG. 2 may occurs，VsSee formula (1), tfFor the trailing edge time of the pulsed microwave excitation:
the parasitic inductance L of the drain supply path, see equation (2), is composed of several aspects: measuring intrinsic parasitic inductance L of power amplifierinMeasuring choke inductance L of power amplifier drain bias circuitchokeVoltage modulation circuit and measuring connecting line inductance L between power amplifier drain electrodesC。
L＝LC+Lchoke+Lin (2)
When the instantaneous voltage of the high-power pulse power amplifier is measured by using the prior art, the voltage probe has no influence on the circuit, and the instantaneous voltage of the high-power pulse power amplifier can be measured by using the prior art.
When the current probe with the measuring range exceeding hundreds of amperes is needed when the instantaneous current of the high-power pulse power amplifier is measured by using the prior art, the size of the large-range probe is very large, and the connecting line between the voltage modulation circuit and the drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier needs to be prolonged when the probe is placed, so that the inductance L of the connecting line is causedCThe parasitic inductance L of the drain supply path is greatly increased, which in turn causes a voltage overshoot VsGreatly increasing the power amplifier and seriously affecting the safety of the power amplifier.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the problems that the parasitic inductance is increased and the voltage overshoot is increased when a current probe is used for testing the current of the high-power pulse power amplifier in the traditional method, the invention provides the IV measuring method of the pulse power amplifier, the current probe is not used any more, the parasitic inductance can be effectively reduced, the voltage overshoot is reduced, and the safety of the power amplifier is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the first aspect of the invention provides an IV measuring method for a pulse power amplifier, which comprises the steps of firstly measuring the average current output by a power supply to the pulse power amplifier by using an ammeter, and then calculating the pulse current of the power amplifier required by the IV measurement according to the relation between the pulse current of the power amplifier and the average current output by the power supply.
Further, the method comprises two parts of voltage measurement and current measurement,
the voltage measuring method is that a voltage probe is contacted with a drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier to measure the voltage of the drain electrode of the power amplifier; the voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed by the oscilloscope;
the current measurement comprises the following steps:
first, a drain current I of the power amplifier is establishedpAnd the average current I of the power supply outputaThe relational expression of (1);
assuming that the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse modulation signal 1 is PRF and the pulse width is τ; when the pulse modulation signal 1 is turned on, the drain current of the power amplifier is IpWhen the pulse modulation signal 1 is turned off, the drain current of the power amplifier is I0Then a current I as shown in equation (3) can be establishedaDrain current is Ip、I0The relational expression of (a);
Ia＝Ip·PRF·τ+I0(1-PRF·τ) (3)
if the PRF is known and the pulse width can be adjusted, then I can be obtained from equation (3)pAnd I of0Another expression of the relationship, as shown in equation (4);
then, the pulse repetition frequencies PRF of the pulse modulation signal 1 and the pulse modulation signal 2 are set to a reasonable value, and the pulse width τ of the pulse modulation signal 1 is set to a reasonable initial value τ1Recording the current meter measured value I at the momenta1(ii) a Keeping the pulse repetition frequency PRF repeat unchanged, the pulse width tau of the pulse modulation signal is changed into tau in sequence2、τ3......、τnThe interval of pulse width change is delta tau, and corresponding ammeter measured value I after the pulse width tau is changed is recordeda2、Ia3、......IanThe drain current I at the time of the corresponding pulse turn-on can be obtained by the formula (4)p1、Ip2、......Ip(n-1)。
Further, the leading edge of the pulse modulation signal 1 is earlier than the leading edge of the pulse signal 2, and the trailing edge of the pulse signal 2 is later than the trailing edge of the pulse signal 2.
A second aspect of the invention provides an IV measurement system for a pulsed power amplifier, the system comprising: the device comprises a pulse signal generator, a high-voltage direct-current power supply, an ammeter, a voltage modulation circuit, an oscilloscope, a power meter, a negative-voltage direct-current power supply, a signal source, a current probe, a voltage probe, a measurement power amplifier and a capacitor;
the grid of the measurement power amplifier is respectively connected with a signal source and a negative voltage direct current power supply, a blocking capacitor is added between the grid and the signal source, and the signal source outputs pulse microwave excitation to the measurement power amplifier; the negative voltage DC power supply provides DC negative voltage;
the drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier is respectively connected with the voltage modulation circuit and the power meter, a blocking capacitor is added between the measurement power amplifier and the power meter, the power meter detects the output power of the measurement power amplifier, and the voltage modulation circuit outputs pulse voltage;
the high-voltage direct-current power supply is connected with the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the direct-current power supply outputs high voltage to the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the amplitude of pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as that of the voltage of the high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the ammeter can test the current I output by the direct-current power supply to the voltage modulation circuita；
The voltage modulation circuit is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 1 to the voltage modulation circuit, and the time sequence of the pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as that of the pulse modulation signal 1;
the signal source is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 2 to the signal source, and the time sequence of pulse microwave excitation output by the signal source is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 2;
the voltage probe is contacted with the drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier, and the voltage of the drain electrode of the power amplifier is measured; the voltage probe is also connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed by the oscilloscope.
Has the advantages that:
the invention uses an ammeter to measure the average current of the pulse power amplifier, and then calculates the pulse current required by IV measurement according to the relationship between the instantaneous current and the average current. Compared with the traditional mode, the method is simple in test and strong in universality, a current probe capable of increasing voltage overshoot is not used, the voltage overshoot can be effectively reduced, the pulse power amplifier can be protected, and the method has a high practical application value.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art system;
FIG. 2 prior art measurement of drain voltage waveform of a pulsed power amplifier;
FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a system technology;
FIG. 4 Drain Current I measured by Prior Art and inventive techniquesp；
FIG. 5 absolute error of measurements of the prior art and the inventive technique;
FIG. 6 relative error of measurements of the prior art and the inventive technique;
figure 7 the inventive technique measures the drain voltage waveform of a pulsed power amplifier.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to eliminate voltage overshoot V when measuring instantaneous current of a high-power pulse power amplifier in the prior artsAnd the safety of the power amplifier is ensured due to the overlarge problem.
FIG. 3 is a system connection diagram of the present technology. The voltage testing technique is the same as the prior art, and the current testing technique is changed. The system comprises a pulse signal generator, a high-voltage direct-current power supply, an ammeter, a voltage modulation circuit, an oscilloscope, a power meter, a negative-voltage direct-current power supply, a signal source, a current probe, a voltage probe, a measurement power amplifier and a capacitor.
The system connection relationship is as follows:
(1) the grid of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a signal source, a blocking capacitor is added in the middle, and the signal source outputs pulse microwave excitation to the measuring power amplifier.
(2) The grid of the measurement power amplifier is connected with a negative-pressure direct-current power supply, and the negative-pressure direct-current power supply provides direct-current negative pressure.
(3) The drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier is connected with a voltage modulation circuit, and the voltage modulation circuit outputs pulse voltage.
(4) The drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier is connected with a power meter, a blocking capacitor is added in the middle, and the power meter detects and measures the output power of the measuring power amplifier.
(5) The high-voltage direct-current power supply is connected with the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the direct-current power supply outputs high voltage to the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the amplitude of pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as that of the voltage of the high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the ammeter can test the current I output by the direct-current power supply to the voltage modulation circuita。
(6) The voltage modulation circuit is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 1 to the voltage modulation circuit, and the time sequence of the pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 1.
(7) The signal source is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 2 to the signal source, and the time sequence of pulse microwave excitation output by the signal source is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 2.
(8) The voltage probe is positioned at the drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier, and the voltage of the drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier.
(9) The voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed by the oscilloscope.
(10) The leading edge of the pulse modulation signal 1 is earlier than the leading edge of the pulse modulation signal 2, and the trailing edge of the pulse modulation signal 1 is later than the trailing edge of the pulse modulation signal 2.
Assume that the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse modulated signal 1 is PRF and the pulse width is τ. When the pulse modulation signal 1 is turned on, the drain current of the power amplifier is IpWhen the pulse modulation signal 1 is turned off, the drain current of the power amplifier is I0Then a current I as shown in equation (3) can be establishedaDrain current is Ip、I0The relational expression of (1);
Ia＝Ip·PRF·τ+I0(1-PRF·τ) (3)
if the PRF is known and the pulse width τ can be adjusted, then I can be obtained from equation (3)pAnd I of0Another expression of the relationship is shown in equation (4).
According to fig. 3, a measuring system is built, the pulse repetition frequency PRF of the pulse modulation signal 1 and the pulse modulation signal 2 is set to a reasonable value, the pulse width tau of the pulse modulation signal 1 is set to a reasonable initial value tau1Recording the current meter measured value I at the momenta1(ii) a Keeping the pulse repetition frequency PRF repeat unchanged, the pulse width tau of the pulse modulation signal is changed into tau in sequence2、τ3......、τnThe interval of pulse width change is delta tau, and corresponding ammeter measured value I after the pulse width tau is changed is recordeda2、Ia3、......IanThe drain current I at the time of the corresponding pulse turn-on can be obtained by the formula (4)p1、Ip2、......Ip(n-1)。
The voltage test uses a voltage probe and an oscilloscope to measure the instantaneous voltage, the voltage probe is contacted with the drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier, and the drain electrode voltage of the power amplifier is measured; the voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed by the oscilloscope.
Drain current I measured by prior art and inventive methodspThe results are shown in fig. 4, and the measurements of the prior art and inventive methods are essentially the same. The absolute error of the measurement results of the prior art and inventive methods is shown in fig. 5, the absolute value of the absolute error being less than 0.2A. The relative error of the measurement results of the prior art and the method of the invention is shown in fig. 6, and the absolute value of the relative error is less than 2%. The method for measuring the drain voltage waveform of the pulse power amplifier is shown in figure 7, and the voltage overshoot is 20V, which is only 36.4% of the voltage overshoot generated in the measurement of the prior art.
By using the technical scheme of the invention to measure the drain instantaneous current of the high-power pulse power amplifier, the parasitic inductance L and the voltage overshoot V can be obviously reducedsThe measurement safety is obviously improved, and meanwhileThe accuracy of the measurement results is substantially the same as in the prior art solutions.
Claims (4)
1. The method is characterized in that firstly, an ammeter is used for measuring the average current output by a power supply to a pulse power amplifier, and then the pulse current of the power amplifier required by IV measurement is calculated according to the relation between the pulse current of the power amplifier and the average current output by the power supply.
2. The method of claim 1 for measuring the IV of a pulse power amplifier, the method comprising two parts of voltage measurement and current measurement,
the voltage measuring method is that a voltage probe is contacted with a drain electrode of the measuring power amplifier to measure the voltage of the drain electrode of the power amplifier; meanwhile, the voltage probe is connected with the oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed by the oscilloscope;
the current measurement comprises the following steps:
first, a drain current I of the power amplifier is establishedpAnd the average current I of the power supply outputaThe relational expression of (1);
assuming that the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse modulation signal 1 is PRF and the pulse width is τ; when the pulse modulation signal 1 is turned on, the drain current of the power amplifier is IpWhen the pulse modulation signal 1 is turned off, the drain current of the power amplifier is I0Then a current I as shown in equation (3) can be establishedaDrain current is Ip、I0The relational expression of (1);
Ia＝Ip·PRF·τ+I0(1-PRF·τ) (3)
if the PRF is known and the pulse width τ can be adjusted, then I can be obtained from equation (3)pAnd IaAnother expression of the relationship of (a) is shown in formula (4);
then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,the pulse repetition frequency PRF of the pulse modulation signal 1 and the pulse modulation signal 2 is set to a reasonable value, and the pulse width tau of the pulse modulation signal 1 is set to a reasonable initial value tau1Recording the current meter measured value I at the momenta1(ii) a Keeping the pulse repetition frequency PRF repeat unchanged, the pulse width tau of the pulse modulation signal is changed into tau in sequence2、τ3......、τnThe interval of pulse width change is delta tau, and corresponding ammeter measured value I after the pulse width tau is changed is recordeda2、Ia3、......IanThe drain current I at the time of the corresponding pulse turn-on can be obtained by the formula (4)p1、Ip2、......Ip(n-1)。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the leading edge of pulse modulated signal 1 is earlier than the leading edge of pulse signal 2 and the trailing edge of pulse signal 2 is later than the trailing edge of pulse signal 2.
4. A measurement system for implementing the IV measurement method of the pulse power amplifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the system comprises: the device comprises a pulse signal generator, a high-voltage direct-current power supply, an ammeter, a voltage modulation circuit, an oscilloscope, a power meter, a negative-voltage direct-current power supply, a signal source, a current probe, a voltage probe, a measurement power amplifier and a capacitor;
the grid of the measurement power amplifier is respectively connected with a signal source and a negative voltage direct current power supply, a blocking capacitor is added between the grid and the signal source, and the signal source outputs pulse microwave excitation to the measurement power amplifier; the negative voltage DC power supply provides DC negative voltage;
the drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier is respectively connected with the voltage modulation circuit and the power meter, a blocking capacitor is added between the measurement power amplifier and the power meter, the power meter detects the output power of the measurement power amplifier, and the voltage modulation circuit outputs pulse voltage;
the high-voltage direct-current power supply is connected with the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the direct-current power supply outputs high voltage to the voltage modulation circuit through the ammeter, the amplitude of pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as that of the high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the ammeter can testCurrent I output from DC power supply to voltage modulation circuita；
The voltage modulation circuit is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 1 to the voltage modulation circuit, and the time sequence of the pulse voltage output by the voltage modulation circuit is the same as that of the pulse modulation signal 1;
the signal source is connected with the pulse signal generator, the pulse signal generator outputs a pulse modulation signal 2 to the signal source, and the time sequence of pulse microwave excitation output by the signal source is the same as the time sequence of the pulse modulation signal 2;
the voltage probe is contacted with the drain electrode of the measurement power amplifier, and the voltage of the drain electrode of the power amplifier is measured; and meanwhile, the voltage probe is connected with an oscilloscope, and the measurement result of the voltage probe is displayed by the oscilloscope.
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| CN101706526A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2010-05-12 | 徐先 | Measuring method and device of pulse width detection type magnetic modulation direct current |
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