CN114478124A - Water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114478124A CN114478124A CN202210179389.5A CN202210179389A CN114478124A CN 114478124 A CN114478124 A CN 114478124A CN 202210179389 A CN202210179389 A CN 202210179389A CN 114478124 A CN114478124 A CN 114478124A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical group [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical group [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 biochar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and relates to a water-retention and fertilizer-retention special fertilizer for potatoes and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special fertilizer is prepared by mixing, heating, polymerizing, drying and crushing raw materials containing a water-absorbing polymer monomer, an inorganic nutrient, a catalyst, a cross-linking agent and an initiator; inorganic nutrients including nitrogen fertilizers, phosphates, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts and zinc salts; organic water retention factors and inorganic nutrients are ingeniously fused and copolymerized to generate three-dimensional network structure hydrophilic groups, so that high water absorption rate under high nutrient concentration is realized, and the effects of soil conservation, soil fertility improvement, micro-ecological environment optimization and soil improvement are achieved; the growth requirements of the potatoes on nutrient elements in five stages of a germination stage, a seedling stage, a growth stage and a potato bearing stage are ensured, so that the quality and the yield of crops are improved, and the yield of the potatoes can be increased by 74.7%.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and relates to a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes and a preparation method thereof.
The background art comprises the following steps:
at present, organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers and the like are mostly applied to potatoes in the current situation of using fertilizers, namely fertilizers consisting of farmyard manure, biochar, oil residues and synergists. The farm manure is chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure and the like (animal manure), and the chemical fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and the like. For example, Chinese patent application CN201710426645.5 discloses a potato fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of fertilizers, wherein the potato fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of rotten fruits, 30-40 parts of poultry manure, 8-10 parts of diatomite, 5-21 parts of corn straws, 10-20 parts of starch, 5-15 parts of coal gangue, 7-11 parts of peanut oil residues, 10-12 parts of silkworm excrement, 18-24 parts of potassium chloride, 9-11 parts of strain powder, 6-12 parts of bentonite, 9-15 parts of zeolite powder, 3-7 parts of rice bran, 13-23 parts of attapulgite, 2-6 parts of humus soil, 3-5 parts of diamine phosphate, 20-30 parts of weathered coal and 2-6 parts of soybean meal; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) weighing raw materials, (2) crushing, (3) fermenting, (4) mixing, (5) granulating and drying.
The traditional fertilizers all have some defects, and the defects of the fertilizers are as follows: the nutrient is single, and several fertilizers are usually required to be applied in a matching way; the nutrient release speed is high, and the longitudinal balance supply capacity is poor; the fertilizer is easy to be lost through volatilization, leaching, fixation and other ways, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is not high; strong acidity, alkalinity and salinity, improper application, not only is unfavorable for plant growth, but also can lead soil to be deteriorated and reduce soil fertility; the organic fertilizer has the following defects: low nutrient content, slow fertilizer efficiency, low utilization rate of nutrients in the fertilizer in season, high-temperature seedling burning, ammonia gas release and the like. The large amount of fertilizer application results in much labor for transportation and application. In the period that the crops grow vigorously and need more fertilizers, the organic fertilizer cannot meet the requirements of the crops on nutrients in time. The organic fertilizer has another disadvantage that the heavy metals in the soil are easy to exceed the standard; the biological bacterial manure cannot directly provide nutrient substances (including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various mineral elements) absorbed by crops, and the fertilizer efficiency provided by the biological bacterial manure cannot meet the requirement of the crop growth on the nutrient substances.
Due to the defects of various traditional fertilizers, base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, additional fertilizer and foliage spray are generally required to be applied for at least four times in the potato planting process, so that the requirement of the whole growth period on nutrients can be ensured. The requirements for various fertilizers are generally roughly as follows:
base fertilizer: organic fertilizer is used as a main material, and a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer special for potatoes is applied in an auxiliary manner, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2500-3000 kg of organic fertilizer applied per mu, and about 45-50 kg of inorganic fertilizer is applied per mu;
seed fertilizer: according to the nutrient content of the soil, if the nutrient content is low, 15-20 kg of inorganic fertilizer can be applied per mu to serve as seed fertilizer, the seed fertilizer is generally applied in a furrow way or a hole way, and can not be directly contacted with the seed potatoes;
topdressing: the common topdressing is carried out skillfully, when the common topdressing is seedling adjustment, intertillage ridging is combined, organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer is applied additionally, watering is carried out timely after fertilization, potato tubers expand at the time of the bud stage of the second topdressing, the fertilizer requirement is increased, 5-15 kg of the inorganic fertilizer can be applied to the seedlings generally, and the topdressing is not carried out after ridge sealing generally.
The yield per mu of potatoes is about 4000 jin usually. Generally, every 1000 kg of potatoes are produced, 5-6 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer, 1-3 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 12-13 kg of potash fertilizer are needed.
The traditional fertilization mode not only wastes a large amount of labor, but also wastes a large amount of resource cost due to low utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients. The inflorescence forming-flowering period is the water-requiring vigorous period of the potatoes, and sufficient sunlight is a necessary condition for increasing the yield of the potatoes. But the traditional fertilizer has no water absorption and retention functions.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the water-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes and the preparation method thereof, wherein three major elements, two medium elements and one trace element required by the growth of the potatoes are scientifically compounded and polymerized into a whole, so that one-time fertilization of 6 elements is realized, the nutrient loss of the potatoes in the whole growth period is ensured, and the yield and income increase of crops are realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a water-retention and fertilizer-retention fertilizer special for potatoes, which is prepared by mixing, heating, polymerizing, drying and crushing raw materials containing a water-absorbing polymer monomer, an inorganic nutrient, a catalyst, a cross-linking agent and an initiator; inorganic nutrients including nitrogen fertilizers, phosphates, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts and zinc salts; wherein the adding weight of the water-absorbing polymer monomer is 8-15% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10-20% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the phosphate is 10-20% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the sylvite is 10-20% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the calcium salt is 1-5% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the magnesium salt is 1-5% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the zinc salt is 0.5-2% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the catalyst is 5-20% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the cross-linking agent is 2-5% of the total weight of the raw materials, and the adding weight of the initiator is 1-3% of the total weight of the raw materials.
The water-absorbing polymer monomer of the present invention is acrylic acid.
The nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the phosphate is monoammonium phosphate; the sylvite is potassium sulfate; the calcium salt is calcium sulfate; magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate; the zinc salt is zinc sulfate.
The catalyst is one of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, ammonia water and calcium hydroxide aqueous solution.
The cross-linking agent is ethylene glycol or N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide.
The initiator is one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and calcium persulfate.
The water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining potato special fertilizer disclosed by the invention is measured by a laboratory, wherein the total content of major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 35-50% of the total weight of the special fertilizer, and the total content of medium trace elements of calcium, magnesium and zinc accounts for 1-5% of the total weight of the special fertilizer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a prepolymer: mixing a catalyst and a water-absorbing polymeric monomer, stirring, and reacting at the temperature of 90-110 ℃ to obtain a neutralization prepolymer;
(2) preparing the copolymer: sequentially adding nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt and zinc salt into the neutralization prepolymer obtained in the step (1), stirring, controlling the temperature at 70-90 ℃, reacting for 10-20 minutes, then cooling to 35-65 ℃, adding a cross-linking agent and an initiator, and stirring until the solution becomes a gel state to obtain a copolymer;
(3) and (3) preparing a finished product: drying and crushing the copolymer to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes.
In the step (1), the stirring speed is 60-70 r/min, and the reaction time is 10-20 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining special for potatoes can play the roles of slow release, controlled release, water retention and fertilizer retention, avoids the loss of the fertilizer, can realize the effects of quality improvement and yield increase with less fertilizer usage, and greatly improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The phenomenon of late-stage fertilizer removal of crops caused by insufficient and lost nutrients in conventional chemical fertilizers and fertilizers, organic fertilizers and biological bacterial fertilizers is solved, non-point source pollution is also solved, and a large amount of resources are saved for the country;
(2) the special fertilizer provides sufficient and adaptive nutrient element supply for potatoes, and the fertilizer is kept under the drive of water retention, so that the sufficient supply of water and nutrients in the potato production period can be ensured, the quality and the yield of the potatoes are obviously improved, and the yield of the potatoes can be increased to 74.7%;
(3) by adopting the special fertilizer, the fertilizer requirement in the growth period of the potatoes can be ensured only by once fertilization, and a large amount of manual production cost is saved.
In conclusion, the fertilizer for the potatoes has the advantages that the nutrient elements and the proportion of the nutrient elements are optimized, and the organic water retention factors and the inorganic nutrients are skillfully fused and copolymerized to generate the three-dimensional network structure containing hydrophilic groups, so that the high water absorption rate under high nutrient concentration is realized, the effects of protecting soil, fertilizing soil, optimizing micro-ecological environment and improving soil are realized, the growth requirements of the potatoes on the nutrient elements in five stages of a germination stage, a seedling stage, a growth stage and a potato bearing stage are ensured, the quality and the yield of crops are improved, and the yield of the potatoes can reach 74.7%.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment relates to a water-retention and fertilizer-retention fertilizer special for potatoes, which is prepared from raw materials comprising a water-absorbing polymer monomer, inorganic nutrients, a catalyst, a cross-linking agent and an initiator; wherein the water-absorbent polymer monomer is 100g of acrylic acid; the inorganic nutrients comprise 150g of urea, 150g of monoammonium phosphate, 150g of potassium sulfate, 20g of calcium sulfate, 20g of magnesium sulfate and 10g of zinc sulfate; the catalyst is 120 g of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30 percent; the cross-linking agent is 15g of ethylene glycol; the initiator is 15g of potassium persulfate.
The preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with acrylic acid, and reacting at the rotation speed of 60-70 r/min and the temperature of 90 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain a neutralization prepolymer;
(2) sequentially adding 150g of urea, 150g of monoammonium phosphate, 150g of potassium sulfate, 20g of calcium sulfate, 20g of magnesium sulfate and 10g of zinc sulfate into the neutralization prepolymer obtained in the step (1), stirring, controlling the temperature at 70 ℃, reacting for 10 minutes, then cooling to 35 ℃, adding 15g of ethylene glycol and 15g of potassium persulfate, and reacting for 10 minutes to obtain a copolymer;
(3) drying and crushing the copolymer to obtain powdery particles (with the maximum particle millimeter level), namely the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes.
According to the potato special fertilizer obtained by the embodiment, through laboratory tests, the pH value is 6.5, the organic matter content is 10-20%, and the water absorption multiple is 7-20 times; the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 45 percent, and the nitrogen content, the potassium content and the phosphorus content are respectively 15 percent, 15 percent and 15 percent; the content of medium trace elements is 5 percent, wherein the content of calcium is 2 percent, the content of magnesium is 2 percent, and the content of zinc is 1 percent.
Example 2:
the embodiment relates to a water-retention and fertilizer-retention fertilizer special for potatoes, which is prepared from raw materials comprising a water-absorbing polymer monomer, inorganic nutrients, a catalyst, a cross-linking agent and an initiator; the raw materials comprise, by weight, 15% of water-absorbing polymer monomer acrylic acid, 57% of inorganic nutrients (including 15% of urea, 15% of monoammonium phosphate, 15% of potassium sulfate, 4.8% of calcium sulfate, 4.8% of magnesium sulfate and 2.4% of zinc sulfate), 20% of catalyst, 5% of cross-linking agent ethylene glycol and 3% of initiator potassium persulfate.
The catalyst is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30%.
The preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a catalyst and acrylic acid, and reacting at the rotation speed of 60-70 r/min and the temperature of 110 ℃ for 20 minutes to obtain a neutralization prepolymer;
(2) sequentially adding urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate into the neutralization prepolymer obtained in the step (1); controlling the temperature at 90 ℃, reacting for 20 minutes, then cooling to 65 ℃, adding ethylene glycol and potassium persulfate, and stirring until the solution becomes a gel state to obtain a copolymer;
(3) drying and crushing the copolymer to obtain powdery particles (with the maximum particle millimeter level), namely the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes.
Example 3:
this example is a field experiment of the water and fertilizer retaining fertilizer special for potatoes prepared in example 1. Meanwhile, a conventional potato planting method and a conventional fertilizer are used as a reference.
The specific experimental process is as follows:
a piece of tested soil is selected in a certain rural area, a potato field planting test is carried out in a subarea, the water pouring conditions and field management measures of the test fields of the experimental group and the control group are consistent, and only the fertilizer application and the fertilization method are different.
Experimental groups: the fertilizer special for potatoes in the example 1 was applied at a fertilizing amount of 30 kg/mu at the time of sowing without treating the soil to be tested, and was applied at one time.
Control group: according to a conventional potato planting method, firstly, organic fertilizer is adopted to treat soil, and then conventional fertilizer (15-15-15NPK compound fertilizer) is applied at one time according to the fertilizing amount of 60 kg/mu during sowing; applying additional fertilizer and leaf fertilizer according to conventional planting method during growth process.
After the potatoes had matured, the yields of both groups of potatoes were recorded and the potatoes were examined for mineral content and amino acid content, as shown in tables 1-3.
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of potatoes is increased by 74.7% by using the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes, compared with the yield of potatoes using a conventional fertilizer.
As can be seen from Table 2, the mineral content of the potato using the water and fertilizer retaining fertilizer special for potato is higher than that of the potato using the conventional fertilizer.
As can be seen from Table 3, the potato using the water and fertilizer retaining fertilizer special for potato of the present invention has higher contents of ASP aspartic acid, GLU glutamic acid, VAL valine, AET methionine, ILE isoleucine, LEU leucine, HIS histidine and LYS lysine than the potato using the conventional fertilizer, which indicates that the potato using the fertilizer special for potato of the present invention has high nutritive value.
TABLE 1 comparison of potato yields with different fertilizers
TABLE 2 comparison of quality mineral content of potatoes planted at different fertilizers
TABLE 3 comparison of partial amino acid content in quality of potatoes planted with different fertilizers
Claims (8)
1. The water-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes is characterized by being prepared by mixing, heating, polymerizing, drying and crushing raw materials containing water-absorbing polymer monomers, inorganic nutrients, catalysts, cross-linking agents and initiators; inorganic nutrients including nitrogen fertilizers, phosphates, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts and zinc salts; wherein the adding weight of the water-absorbing polymer monomer is 8-15% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10-20% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the phosphate is 10-20% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the potassium salt is 10-20% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the calcium salt is 1-5% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the magnesium salt is 1-5% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the zinc salt is 0.5-2% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the catalyst is 5-20% of the total weight of the raw materials, the adding weight of the cross-linking agent is 2-5% of the total weight of the raw materials, and the adding weight of the initiator is 1-3% of the total weight of the raw materials.
2. The water and fertilizer retention fertilizer special for potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing polymer monomer is acrylic acid.
3. The water and fertilizer retaining fertilizer special for potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the phosphate is monoammonium phosphate; the sylvite is potassium sulfate; the calcium salt is calcium sulfate; magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate; the zinc salt is zinc sulfate.
4. The water and fertilizer retaining fertilizer special for potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst is one of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, aqueous ammonia and aqueous calcium hydroxide solution.
5. The water and fertilizer retention potato special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is ethylene glycol or N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide.
6. The water and fertilizer retention potato special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the initiator is one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and calcium persulfate.
7. The preparation method of the water and fertilizer retaining fertilizer special for potatoes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a prepolymer: mixing a catalyst and a water-absorbing polymeric monomer, stirring, and reacting at the temperature of 90-110 ℃ to obtain a neutralization prepolymer;
(2) preparing the copolymer: adding a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate, a potassium salt, a calcium salt, a magnesium salt and a zinc salt into the neutralization prepolymer obtained in the step (1), stirring, controlling the temperature at 70-90 ℃, reacting for 10-20 minutes, then cooling to 35-65 ℃, adding a cross-linking agent and an initiator, and stirring until the solution becomes a gel state to obtain a copolymer;
(3) and (3) preparing a finished product: drying and crushing the copolymer to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer special for potatoes.
8. The preparation method of the water and fertilizer retention potato special fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the stirring speed in the step (1) is 60-70 r/min, and the reaction time is 10-20 min.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115536467A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-12-30 | 青岛合子肥生物科技有限公司 | Organic-inorganic polymerization water-retaining all-element fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106588507A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Dedicated potato fertilizer |
| CN109553482A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-02 | 北京市土肥工作站 | Potato special-purpose control-release fertilizer |
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| CN104478617A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-01 | 青岛农业大学 | Special slow-release fertilizer for water-retention sweet potatoes and preparation method thereof |
| CN104557298A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | Special sustained-release water-soluble fertilizer for potatoes and preparation method of fertilizer |
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| CN115536467A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-12-30 | 青岛合子肥生物科技有限公司 | Organic-inorganic polymerization water-retaining all-element fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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