CN114475217B - 一种适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动*** - Google Patents

一种适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动*** Download PDF

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CN114475217B
CN114475217B CN202210300932.2A CN202210300932A CN114475217B CN 114475217 B CN114475217 B CN 114475217B CN 202210300932 A CN202210300932 A CN 202210300932A CN 114475217 B CN114475217 B CN 114475217B
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gear
hollow shaft
transmission gear
generator
coupling mechanism
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CN114475217A (zh
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甄天辉
任福臣
张永刚
胡凯
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China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Jinan Power Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,属于重型卡车传动***技术领域,包括壳体、发电机、驱动电机、发动机和双行星排动力耦合机构;发动机通过中心轴与后行星架连接;后太阳轮连接有与发电机连接的内空心轴;前太阳轮连接有与驱动电机连接的外空心轴;壳体上安装有滑套锁止装置。通过双行星排动力耦合机构将三动力进行不同情况耦合,通过发电机和发动机分别对后太阳轮和后行星架调速,实现无级变速、发动机转速和车速解耦,通过调整滑套锁止装置以实现各种工作模式的灵活切换;通过发电机和发动机扭矩补偿实现各工作模式下换挡过程中输出动力的不中断;保证动力性的同时,提高整车舒适性、安全性和经济性。

Description

一种适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***
技术领域
本发明属于重型卡车传动***技术领域,具体地说是一种适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***。
背景技术
新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源(或使用常规的车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置),综合车辆的动力控制和驱动方面的先进技术,形成的技术原理先进、具有新技术、新结构的汽车。
新能源汽车包括四大类型混合动力电动汽车(HEV)、纯电动汽车(BEV,包括太阳能汽车)、燃料电池电动汽车(FCEV)、其他新能源(如超级电容器、飞轮等高效储能器)汽车等。非常规的车用燃料指除汽油、柴油之外的燃料。
在重型卡车领域,混动***具有较大发展空间。目前,重型卡车混动***通常采用P2并联构型,此构型采用的变速箱和传统能源变速箱结构基本一致,均存在换挡动力中断、轴向布置困难、发动机转速和车速无法解耦等问题。而乘用车领域采用的功率分流式混动构型虽然可实现无级调速、驱动时无动力中断,但其结构简单、传递扭矩小,无法良好适应工况更复杂的重型卡车领域。
截止目前,没有完整的重卡车辆混动***,能保持动力性的同时,满足换挡动力不中断、无级变速、发动机转速和车速解耦要求。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,可以满足换挡动力不中断、无级变速、发动机转速和车速解耦等要求,可以较好适用于重型卡车领域。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来实现的:
一种适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,包括壳体、发电机、驱动电机、发动机、车桥和双行星排动力耦合机构;
双行星排动力耦合机构包括前行星排动力耦合机构和后行星排动力耦合机构,两者的行星齿轮外圈共同啮合有齿圈,齿圈与车桥传动连接;
发动机通过中心轴与后行星排动力耦合机构的后行星架连接;后行星排动力耦合机构的后太阳轮连接有内空心轴,发电机与内空心轴传动连接;前行星排动力耦合机构的前太阳轮连接有外空心轴,驱动电机通过驱动电机变速箱***与外空心轴传动连接;
中心轴、内空心轴和外空心轴呈从内到外同轴布置;
壳体上安装有能够对中心轴和内空心轴分别锁止的滑套锁止装置。
本发明的进一步改进还有,驱动电机变速箱***包括与驱动电机输出轴连接安装的第五传动齿轮、通过连接轴连接安装的第六传动齿轮、第七传动齿轮和第八传动齿轮;第五传动齿轮与第六传动齿轮啮合;外空心轴上转动安装有与第七传动齿轮和第八传动齿轮分别啮合的第二传动齿轮和第一传动齿轮;外空心轴上安装有能够与第二传动齿轮和第一传动齿轮分别连接的主箱同步器;前行星排动力耦合机构的前行星架上安装有能够与前太阳轮和壳体分别连接的副箱同步器。
本发明的进一步改进还有,滑套锁止装置包括与中心轴连接安装的中心轴齿毂、与内空心轴连接安装的内空心轴齿毂和安装于壳体上的滑套;滑套具有三挡位,分别为与中心轴齿毂连接、与内空心轴齿毂连接和空挡。
本发明的进一步改进还有,主箱同步器具有三挡位,分别为与第二传动齿轮连接、与第一传动齿轮连接和空挡。
本发明的进一步改进还有,副箱同步器具有两挡位,分别为与前太阳轮连接和与壳体连接。
本发明的进一步改进还有,壳体上安装有用于与副箱同步器连接的传扭板。
本发明的进一步改进还有,发动机通过离合器与中心轴传动连接。
本发明的进一步改进还有,发电机通过发电机减速***与内空心轴传动连接;发电机减速***包括依次啮合的第三传动齿轮、第四传动齿轮和第九传动齿轮;第三传动齿轮与发电机的输出轴连接安装,第九传动齿轮与内空心轴连接安装。
本发明的进一步改进还有,中心轴、内空心轴和外空心轴分别通过轴承与壳体转动安装。
从以上技术方案可以看出,本发明的有益效果是:
驱动电机的动力通过驱动电机变速箱***传递至前太阳轮;发动机的动力通过中心轴传递至后行星架;发电机通过内空心轴与后太阳轮传动连接,可实现对后太阳轮的转速调节和反向充电,通过双行星排动力耦合机构将三动力进行不同情况耦合。整体结构简单,设计紧凑,实用性好。
通过发电机和发动机分别对后太阳轮和后行星架调速,实现无级变速、发动机转速和车速解耦,发动机可定速持续运行在高效区间,提高节油率和提升整车运行经济性。通过主箱同步器和副箱同步器的调节,可拓宽变速箱速比范围,以增强整车动力性。通过调整滑套锁止装置以实现复杂工况下的纯电动模式、混动模式和发动机直驱模式的灵活切换。通过发电机和发动机扭矩补偿实现各工作模式下换挡过程中输出动力的不中断。
可广泛运用于新能源商用车领域,尤其是对于工况复杂、上下坡较多的重型卡车,在保证整车动力性的同时,又提高了整车舒适性、安全性和经济性,具有广阔的推广运用前景,实用性好。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,下面将对描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明具体实施方式的结构示意图。
图2为本发明具体实施方式的滑套锁止装置结构示意图。
附图中:1、中心轴,2、壳体,3、前行星架,4、前太阳轮,5、齿圈,6、双行星排动力耦合机构,7、后行星架,8、输出轴,9、后太阳轮,10、内空心轴,11、传扭板,12、副箱同步器,13、第一传动齿轮,14、主箱同步器,15、第二传动齿轮,16、第三传动齿轮,17、外空心轴,18、滑套锁止装置,19、第四传动齿轮,20、车桥,21、第五传动齿轮,22、第六传动齿轮,23、第七传动齿轮,24、第八传动齿轮,25、连接轴,26、发电机,27、驱动电机,28、发动机,29、离合器,30、内空心轴齿毂,31、滑套,32、拨叉,33、中心轴齿毂,34、第九传动齿轮。
具体实施方式
为使得本发明的目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂,下面将结合本具体实施例中的附图,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,下面所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而非全部的实施例。基于本专利中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本专利保护的范围。
如图1所示,本发明公开一种适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,包括壳体2、发电机26、驱动电机27、发动机28、车桥20和双行星排动力耦合机构6;
双行星排动力耦合机构6包括前行星排动力耦合机构和后行星排动力耦合机构;前行星排动力耦合机构包括前太阳轮4、前行星架3和安装于前行星架3上的若干个行星齿轮,后行星排动力耦合机构包括后太阳轮9、后行星架7和安装于后行星架7上的若干个行星齿轮;且前行星排动力耦合机构和后行星排动力耦合机构的多个行星齿轮外圈共同啮合有齿圈5,齿圈5通过轴承与壳体2转动连接安装,齿圈5与车桥20通过输出轴8传动连接,以对车轮进行驱动,实现行进;
发动机28通过中心轴1与后行星架7连接;后太阳轮9连接有内空心轴10,发电机26与内空心轴10传动连接;前太阳轮4连接有外空心轴17,驱动电机27通过驱动电机变速箱***能够与外空心轴17传动连接;
中心轴1、内空心轴10和外空心轴17呈从内到外依次同轴布置;空间布置更紧凑,保证较高的集成度;
壳体2安装有能够对中心轴1和内空心轴10分别锁止的滑套锁止装置18。通过滑套锁止装置18实现各个驱动模式的灵活切换。
如图1所示,驱动电机变速箱***包括与驱动电机27输出轴连接安装的第五传动齿轮21、通过连接轴25依次连接安装的第六传动齿轮22、第七传动齿轮23和第八传动齿轮24;第五传动齿轮21与第六传动齿轮22啮合;外空心轴17上转动安装有与第七传动齿轮23和第八传动齿轮24分别啮合的第二传动齿轮15和第一传动齿轮13,第二传动齿轮15和第一传动齿轮13分别通过轴承套装于外空心轴17上;外空心轴17上安装有能够与第二传动齿轮15和第一传动齿轮13分别连接的主箱同步器14;前行星排动力耦合机构的前行星架3上安装有能够与前太阳轮4和壳体2分别连接的副箱同步器12,前行星架3与副箱同步器12通过套筒连接,套筒转动套装于外空心轴17外侧。通过主箱同步器14和副箱同步器12的设置,可实现多个挡位的布置,可拓宽变速箱速比范围增强整车动力性。
第二传动齿轮15、第一传动齿轮13和前行星排动力耦合机构从左到右依次设置,主箱同步器14设置于第二传动齿轮15和第一传动齿轮13之间,副箱同步器12设置于第一传动齿轮13与前行星排动力耦合机构之间。保证空间布置的紧凑性、合理性。
其中,第七传动齿轮23与第二传动齿轮15的传动比与第八传动齿轮24与第一传动齿轮13的传动比不同,可保证具有较宽的转速输出范围。前者传动比小于后者的传动比,可分别为1:4和1:8。
如图1-2所示,滑套锁止装置18包括与中心轴1连接安装的中心轴齿毂33、与内空心轴10连接安装的内空心轴齿毂30和安装于壳体2上的滑套31;滑套31具有三挡位,分别为与中心轴齿毂33连接、与内空心轴齿毂30连接和空挡。在壳体2上还安装有对滑套31左右调节的拨叉32。滑套31内圈和外圈分别设置内、外花键,滑套31外圈设置径向凹槽,拨叉32***此凹槽。壳体2内圈设置内花键,壳体2两侧对称分布两个轴向凹槽,允许拔叉32带动滑套31在壳体内花键轴向平移。内空心轴齿毂30与内空心轴10通过花键连接,当滑套内花键和内空心轴齿毂花键连接时,内空心轴10无法转动。中心轴齿毂33与中心轴1通过花键相连,当滑套内花键和中心轴齿毂外花键连接时,中心轴1无法转动。通过滑套锁止装置18的滑套31在左、中、右三个挡位,可实现纯电动模式、发动机直驱模式和混动模式的灵活切换。
通过主箱同步器14和副箱同步器12调节,可实现以下四种挡位调节:
副箱同步器12向右移动时,前行星架3通过同步器花键与壳体2连接,此时前行星架3固定,副箱处于低挡区;副箱同步器12向左移动时,前行星架3与前太阳轮4通过同步器花键连接,前太阳轮4与齿圈5转速一致,此时副箱处于高挡区。
主箱同步器14左右移动,可实现分别与第二传动齿轮15和第一传动齿轮13的连接,挡位分别为高挡和低挡;从而主箱具有高挡区和低挡区。
通过主箱的高挡区和低挡区分别与副箱的高挡区和低挡区组合(调节主箱同步器14和副箱同步器12各自的左右挡位),可灵活实现四个挡位的设置:高挡、中高挡、中低挡和低挡。
通过调节滑套锁止装置18的滑套31的位置(与中心轴齿毂33连接、与内空心轴齿毂30连接和空挡),可实现纯电动模式、发动机直驱模式和混动模式的灵活切换。具体如下:
纯电动模式:滑套31通过拨叉32操作向左移动,滑套31的内花键与中心轴齿毂33的外花键相连,中心轴1固定,驱动电机27动力通过外空心轴17传递至前太阳轮4;并根据实际整车动力需求,发电机26可选择性参与驱动,发电机26动力通过内空心轴10传递至后太阳轮9,在齿圈5处进行动力耦合传递至输出轴8。
发动机直驱模式:滑套31通过拨叉32操作向右移动,滑套31的内花键与内空心轴齿毂30的外花键相连,内空心轴10和后太阳轮9固定,发动机28动力通过中心轴1传递至后行星架7,并通过齿圈5传递至输出轴8。
混动模式:滑套31处于中间空挡位置,滑套31的内花键不与任何零件相连,发动机28动力通过中心轴1传递至后行星架7进行动力分流,动力分别分流至齿圈5和后太阳轮9,后太阳轮9通过内空心轴10传递至发电机26进行发电。若动力不足时,驱动电机27动力通过外空心轴17传递至前太阳轮4,驱动电机27动力和发动机28动力在齿圈5处进行动力耦合进行输出。在发动机28定速高效区间时,通过控制发电机26转速,从而可调整后太阳轮9的转速,以改变输出轴8的转速,此时,发动机28转速和车速解耦且无极变速。
在纯电动模式变速箱换挡时,滑套31处于左端锁止中心轴1,发电机26动力通过内空心轴10和后太阳轮9将动力传递至齿圈5进行扭矩补偿。在混动模式下变速箱换挡时,发动机28通过驱动后行星架7将动力传递至齿圈5进行扭矩补偿。通过发电机26和发动机28扭矩补偿实现各工作模式下换挡过程中输出动力的不中断。
其中,主箱同步器14具有三挡位,分别为与第二传动齿轮15连接、与第一传动齿轮13连接和空挡。副箱同步器12具有两挡位,分别为与前太阳轮4连接和与壳体2连接。通过主箱同步器14和副箱同步器12的挡位调节,可实现多种工作模式的实现,结构简单,实现容易。
其中,壳体2上安装有用于与副箱同步器12连接的传扭板11。传扭板11进行扭矩的传递,其具有较高的结构强度,在副箱同步器12与传扭板11连接时,保证对前行星架3定位的可靠性,防止前行星架3转动。
其中,发动机28通过离合器29与中心轴1传动连接。通过离合器29可灵活实现动力传输的断开和连接。
其中,如图1所示,发电机26通过发电机减速***与内空心轴10传动连接;发电机减速***包括依次啮合的第三传动齿轮16、第四传动齿轮19和第九传动齿轮34;第三传动齿轮16与发电机26的输出轴连接安装,第九传动齿轮34与内空心轴10连接安装。发电机26通过第三传动齿轮16、第四传动齿轮19和第九传动齿轮34和内空心轴10传动连接,保证发电机26动力传递的可靠性和对发电机26反向充电的稳定性。
其中,中心轴1、内空心轴10和外空心轴17分别通过轴承与壳体2转动安装。齿圈5、输出轴8、第四传动齿轮19的中心轴、连接轴25均通过轴承与壳体2转动安装,发电机26、驱动电机27和发动机28固定安装于壳体2上。需要指出的是,壳体2指的是对传动部件进行密封、并与车架固定安装的壳体;可以同时具有多个,如变速箱壳体、传动箱壳体等;亦可为一个,对除了车桥20、发电机26、发动机28、驱动电机27外所有传动部件进行密封包裹。
本适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,具有三个动力源:发电机26、驱动电机27和发动机28,且发电机26可以反向充电;驱动电机27的动力通过驱动电机变速箱***传递至前太阳轮4;发动机28的动力通过中心轴1传递至后行星架7;发电机26通过内空心轴10与后太阳轮9传动连接,可实现对后太阳轮9的转速调节和反向充电,通过双行星排动力耦合机构6将三动力进行不同情况耦合。整体结构简单,设计紧凑,实用性好。
通过发电机26和发动机28分别对后太阳轮9和后行星架7调速,实现无级变速、发动机28转速和车速解耦,发动机28可定速持续运行在高效区间,提高节油率和提升整车运行经济性。通过主箱同步器14和副箱同步器12的调节,可拓宽变速箱速比范围,以增强整车动力性。通过调整滑套锁止装置18的滑套31位置以实现复杂工况下的纯电动模式、混动模式和发动机直驱模式的灵活切换。通过发电机26和发动机28扭矩补偿实现各工作模式下换挡过程中输出动力的不中断。
本适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,可广泛运用于新能源商用车领域,尤其是对于工况复杂、上下坡较多的重型卡车,在保证整车动力性的同时,又提高了整车舒适性、安全性和经济性,具有广阔的推广运用前景,实用性好。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同、相似部分互相参见即可。
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“上”、“下”、“外侧”“内侧”等如果存在是用于区别位置上的相对关系,而不必给予定性。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,其特征在于,包括壳体(2)、发电机(26)、驱动电机(27)、发动机(28)、车桥(20)和双行星排动力耦合机构(6);双行星排动力耦合机构(6)包括前行星排动力耦合机构和后行星排动力耦合机构,两者的行星齿轮外圈共同啮合有齿圈(5),齿圈(5)与车桥(20)传动连接;发动机(28)通过中心轴(1)与后行星排动力耦合机构的后行星架(7)连接;后行星排动力耦合机构的后太阳轮(9)连接有内空心轴(10),发电机(26)与内空心轴(10)传动连接;前行星排动力耦合机构的前太阳轮(4)连接有外空心轴(17),驱动电机(27)通过驱动电机变速箱***与外空心轴(17)传动连接;中心轴(1)、内空心轴(10)和外空心轴(17)呈从内到外同轴布置;壳体(2)上安装有能够对中心轴(1)和内空心轴(10)分别锁止的滑套锁止装置(18);驱动电机变速箱***包括与驱动电机(27)输出轴连接安装的第五传动齿轮(21)、通过连接轴(25)连接安装的第六传动齿轮(22)、第七传动齿轮(23)和第八传动齿轮(24);第五传动齿轮(21)与第六传动齿轮(22)啮合;外空心轴(17)上转动安装有与第七传动齿轮(23)和第八传动齿轮(24)分别啮合的第二传动齿轮(15)和第一传动齿轮(13);外空心轴(17)上安装有能够与第二传动齿轮(15)和第一传动齿轮(13)分别连接的主箱同步器(14);前行星排动力耦合机构的前行星架(3)上安装有能够与前太阳轮(4)和壳体(2)分别连接的副箱同步器(12);主箱同步器(14)具有三挡位,分别为与第二传动齿轮(15)连接、与第一传动齿轮(13)连接和空挡;副箱同步器(12)具有两挡位,分别为与前太阳轮(4)连接和与壳体(2)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,其特征在于,滑套锁止装置(18)包括与中心轴(1)连接安装的中心轴齿毂(33)、与内空心轴(10)连接安装的内空心轴齿毂(30)和安装于壳体(2)上的滑套(31);滑套(31)具有三挡位,分别为与中心轴齿毂(33)连接、与内空心轴齿毂(30)连接和空挡。
3.根据权利要求1所述的适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,其特征在于,壳体(2)上安装有用于与副箱同步器(12)连接的传扭板(11)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,其特征在于,发动机(28)通过离合器(29)与中心轴(1)传动连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,其特征在于,发电机(26)通过发电机减速***与内空心轴(10)传动连接;发电机减速***包括依次啮合的第三传动齿轮(16)、第四传动齿轮(19)和第九传动齿轮(34);第三传动齿轮(16)与发电机(26)的输出轴连接安装,第九传动齿轮(34)与内空心轴(10)连接安装。
6.根据权利要求1所述的适用于重型卡车的三动力源耦合混动***,其特征在于,中心轴(1)、内空心轴(10)和外空心轴(17)分别通过轴承与壳体(2)转动安装。
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