CN114455894B - Cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114455894B CN114455894B CN202210168332.5A CN202210168332A CN114455894B CN 114455894 B CN114455894 B CN 114455894B CN 202210168332 A CN202210168332 A CN 202210168332A CN 114455894 B CN114455894 B CN 114455894B
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M sodium;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical group [Na+].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008130 triterpenoid saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;dicalcium;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Fe+3] AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum tricalcium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++] HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019976 tricalcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021534 tricalcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fireproof building materials. The mortar disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of cement, 25-45 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of fine sand, 10-20 parts of calcium sulfate, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 10-20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 10-20 parts of composite fiber, 5-10 parts of foaming agent, 1-5 parts of air entraining agent and 20-50 parts of water. The cement-based light fire extinguishing mortar can be quickly coagulated, has early strength, good compression resistance and bearing compactness, can realize high-efficiency and quick fire extinguishing, is low in cost, simple and safe to use, is convenient to transport and store, and can be used for fire prevention and extinguishment of coal mines, forests and various buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fireproof building materials, and particularly relates to cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing number of enterprises related to flammable and explosive dangerous chemicals, especially chemical industry parks, the scale is continuously enlarged, the frequency and the scale of fire explosion accidents caused by the dangerous chemicals in the production, storage and transportation processes are also increased, and the casualties, property loss and environmental pollution caused by the fire explosion accidents bring immeasurable loss to society. In the process of extinguishing dangerous chemical fires, the solid extinguishing material plays a vital role, and especially, the dangerous chemical fires of water are avoided, and only the solid extinguishing material can be used for extinguishing.
The fire extinguishing materials are mainly divided into organic fire extinguishing materials and inorganic fire extinguishing materials. The organic fire preventing and extinguishing material comprises: organic solidification foam and high molecular colloid; the inorganic fire preventing and extinguishing material comprises: fly ash, colloid slurry, gypsum, high molecular fiber light fire prevention and extinguishing material, inorganic curing expansion material and inorganic curing foam. However, the fire-preventing and extinguishing materials have certain limitations. The organic fire prevention and extinguishing material has good effects in the aspects of plugging, oxygen isolation, dynamic pressure resistance and the like, but the organic material has certain combustibility, burns and generates polluted gas in a high-temperature environment, and when fire prevention and extinguishment are carried out on substances which are easy to self-ignite and accumulated in goaf, gangue hill and the like, whether the substances have self-ignite or not is difficult to judge, if the substances are used blindly, secondary disasters are extremely easy to generate, economic and safety losses are increased, so the organic fire prevention and extinguishing material can only be used in the fire prevention field, the fire prevention field cannot be used, the cost of the organic fire prevention and extinguishing material is expensive, and the preparation and construction process is complex.
Different from organic fire-preventing and extinguishing materials, the inorganic fire-preventing and extinguishing materials have the advantages of wide sources of raw materials, simple and convenient preparation and construction process and low cost, but the inorganic fire-preventing and extinguishing materials have certain limitations, and can not be simultaneously brought to the effects of high efficiency, same effectiveness of fire prevention and extinguishment and low cost.
The colloid fire-proof material is a novel inorganic fire-proof material, which has excellent fire-proof performance and good safety, but the gelation time is difficult to control and the cost is high. The cement fly ash grouting material is a material used earlier in fire prevention and extinguishment, has the advantages of low price, no toxicity, good permeability and the like, but has the defects of long setting time, incapability of accumulating to high positions, easy slurry leakage and the like. The advantages and disadvantages of the two types of materials make them applicable and limiting.
Therefore, how to develop a novel inorganic fire extinguishing material to realize high-efficiency fire prevention and extinguishment is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention combines the advantages and disadvantages of various materials to study, and combines the advantages of various materials to reduce the disadvantages of various materials through scientific and reasonable organic combination, thereby preparing the lightweight cement mortar which can prevent and extinguish fire with low cost and high efficiency, and realizing high efficiency of preventing and extinguishing fire.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of cement, 25-45 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of fine sand, 10-20 parts of calcium sulfate, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 10-20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 10-20 parts of composite fiber, 5-10 parts of foaming agent, 1-5 parts of air entraining agent and 20-50 parts of water.
Further, the specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m 2 /g。
Further, the fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
Further, the preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 50-90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then ultrasonically stirring for 20-30min under the power of 80W, then adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95%, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) Adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:10-15ml basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the drying is carried out after 1-3h of soaking;
(3) Mixing basalt fibers and high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fibers.
Further, the drying temperature in the step (2) is 100-110 ℃, and the drying is carried out until the water content is 3-5%.
Further, the foaming agent is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and triterpenoid saponin.
Further, the air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
The preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing composite fibers: firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 50-90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then ultrasonically stirring for 20-30min under the power of 80W, then adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95%, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:10-15ml basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the drying is carried out after 1-3h of soaking; mixing the dried basalt fiber with high-density polyethylene according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) Cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, fire extinguishing agent, composite fiber, foaming agent, air entraining agent and water are added into a high-speed stirrer according to parts by weight, fully stirred, mixed and discharged to obtain fire extinguishing mortar, and the fire extinguishing mortar can be put into use.
Further, in the step (2), the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer is 600-800r/min, and the stirring time is 10-20min.
The raw materials of the invention are all commercially available.
The cement is a natural fire extinguishing material, the inhibition effect is mainly inertization and chemical inhibition, the ordinary Portland cement is mainly composed of inorganic mineral components of calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and tetracalcium aluminoferrite, wherein the calcium silicate content is highest, the thermal stability is higher, and the thermal weightlessness process is an endothermic process. The calcium carbonate in the cement powder and the limestone can be decomposed at 700 ℃ to release carbon dioxide, so that the inerting effect of reducing the concentration of reactants is achieved, and in addition, calcium oxide free radicals and calcium free radicals generated by high-temperature decomposition of the calcium carbonate can be combined with hydroxyl free radicals and hydrogen free radicals to slow down and block combustion chain reactions, so that the effect of inhibiting combustion is achieved.
The invention takes cement as a base material, adds auxiliary materials such as fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite and the like, and adds a foaming agent and an air entraining agent to prepare the light foaming cement mortar. Meanwhile, the addition of the fiber can effectively promote the coagulation of the gel material and strengthen the matrix strength, thereby achieving two purposes.
Advantageous effects
The cement-based light fire extinguishing mortar can be quickly coagulated, has early strength, good compression resistance and bearing compactness, can realize high-efficiency and quick fire extinguishing, is low in cost, simple and safe to use, is convenient to transport and store, and can be used for fire prevention and extinguishment of coal mines, forests and various buildings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional SEM image of test pieces for performance test of example 4, comparative examples 1-4.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of cement, 25 parts of silicon dioxide, 15 parts of fine sand, 10 parts of calcium sulfate, 10 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 10 parts of composite fiber, 5 parts of foaming agent, 1 part of air entraining agent and 20 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m 2 /g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 50 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then ultrasonically stirring for 20min under the power of 80W, then adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95%, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) Adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:10ml of basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the basalt fiber is dried after 1h of soaking;
(3) Mixing basalt fibers and high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fibers.
And (2) drying at 100-110 ℃ until the water content is 3-5%.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
The preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing composite fibers: firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 50 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then ultrasonically stirring for 20min under the power of 80W, then adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95%, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:10ml of basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the basalt fiber is dried after 1h of soaking; mixing the dried basalt fiber with high-density polyethylene according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) Cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, fire extinguishing agent, composite fiber, foaming agent, air entraining agent and water are added into a high-speed stirrer according to parts by weight, fully stirred, mixed and discharged to obtain fire extinguishing mortar, and the fire extinguishing mortar can be put into use. In the step (2), the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer is 600r/min, and the stirring time is 10min.
Example 2
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of cement, 35 parts of silicon dioxide, 20 parts of fine sand, 13 parts of calcium sulfate, 15 parts of diatomite, 14 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 15 parts of composite fiber, 6 parts of foaming agent, 3 parts of air entraining agent and 30 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m 2 /g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 75 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then ultrasonically stirring for 20min under the power of 80W, then adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95%, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) Adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:10ml of basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the basalt fiber is dried after 1h of soaking;
(3) Mixing basalt fibers and high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fibers.
And (2) drying at 100-110 ℃ until the water content is 3-5%.
The foaming agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
The preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing composite fibers: firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 75 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then ultrasonically stirring for 20min under the power of 80W, then adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95%, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:10ml of basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the basalt fiber is dried after 1h of soaking; mixing the dried basalt fiber with high-density polyethylene according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) Cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, fire extinguishing agent, composite fiber, foaming agent, air entraining agent and water are added into a high-speed stirrer according to parts by weight, fully stirred, mixed and discharged to obtain fire extinguishing mortar, and the fire extinguishing mortar can be put into use.
In the step (2), the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer is 600r/min, and the stirring time is 10min.
Example 3
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of cement, 45 parts of silicon dioxide, 25 parts of fine sand, 15 parts of calcium sulfate, 18 parts of diatomite, 17 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 18 parts of composite fiber, 8 parts of foaming agent, 4 parts of air entraining agent and 40 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m 2 /g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then stirring for 30min under the power of 80W in an ultrasonic manner, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) Adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:15ml of basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the basalt fiber is dried after soaking for 3 hours;
(3) Mixing basalt fibers and high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fibers.
And (2) drying at 100-110 ℃ until the water content is 3-5%.
The foaming agent is triterpenoid saponin.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
The preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing composite fibers: firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then stirring for 30min under the power of 80W in an ultrasonic manner, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:15ml of basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the basalt fiber is dried after soaking for 3 hours; mixing the dried basalt fiber with high-density polyethylene according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) Cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, fire extinguishing agent, composite fiber, foaming agent, air entraining agent and water are added into a high-speed stirrer according to parts by weight, fully stirred, mixed and discharged to obtain fire extinguishing mortar, and the fire extinguishing mortar can be put into use.
The rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer in the step (2) is 800r/min, and the stirring time is 20min.
Example 4
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 22 parts of fine sand, 20 parts of calcium sulfate, 20 parts of diatomite, 20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 20 parts of composite fiber, 10 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of air entraining agent and 50 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m 2 /g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then stirring for 30min under the power of 80W in an ultrasonic manner, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) Adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:15ml of basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the basalt fiber is dried after soaking for 3 hours;
(3) Mixing basalt fibers and high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fibers.
And (2) drying at 100-110 ℃ until the water content is 3-5%.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
The preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing composite fibers: firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then stirring for 30min under the power of 80W in an ultrasonic manner, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:15ml of basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the basalt fiber is dried after soaking for 3 hours; mixing the dried basalt fiber with high-density polyethylene according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) Cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, fire extinguishing agent, composite fiber, foaming agent, air entraining agent and water are added into a high-speed stirrer according to parts by weight, fully stirred, mixed and discharged to obtain fire extinguishing mortar, and the fire extinguishing mortar can be put into use. The rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer in the step (2) is 800r/min, and the stirring time is 20min.
Comparative example 1
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 22 parts of fine sand, 20 parts of calcium sulfate, 20 parts of diatomite, 20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 20 parts of composite fiber, 10 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of air entraining agent and 50 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m 2 /g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps: mixing basalt fibers and high-density polyethylene according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fibers.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
The preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing basalt fibers and high-density polyethylene according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fibers;
(2) Cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, fire extinguishing agent, composite fiber, foaming agent, air entraining agent and water are added into a high-speed stirrer according to parts by weight, fully stirred, mixed and discharged to obtain fire extinguishing mortar, and the fire extinguishing mortar can be put into use.
The rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer in the step (2) is 800r/min, and the stirring time is 20min.
This comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 4, except that the first modification of basalt fiber was not performed.
Comparative example 2
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 22 parts of fine sand, 20 parts of calcium sulfate, 20 parts of diatomite, 20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 20 parts of basalt fiber, 10 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of air entraining agent and 50 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m 2 /g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
The preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps: cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, fire extinguishing agent, basalt fiber, foaming agent, air entraining agent and water are added into a high-speed stirrer according to parts by weight, fully stirred, mixed and discharged to obtain fire extinguishing mortar, and the fire extinguishing mortar can be put into use.
The rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer is 800r/min, and the stirring time is 20min.
This comparative example was the same as example 4 except that no two-step modification of basalt fiber was performed, i.e., basalt fiber was directly added, and the rest of the raw materials and the preparation method were the same.
Comparative example 3
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 22 parts of fine sand, 20 parts of calcium sulfate, 20 parts of diatomite, 20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 10 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of air entraining agent and 50 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m 2 /g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
The preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps: cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, fire extinguishing agent, foaming agent, air entraining agent and water are added into a high-speed stirrer according to parts by weight, fully stirred, mixed and discharged to obtain fire extinguishing mortar, and the fire extinguishing mortar can be put into use.
The rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer is 800r/min, and the stirring time is 20min.
The comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example 4 except that the composite fiber was not added.
Performance testing
The testing method comprises the following steps:
the test piece was molded in a 50 mm. Times.50 mm size. The operation steps are as follows: cleaning up the mould, putting the mould on an experiment table, spraying a release agent, pouring the slurry stirred according to the design proportion into the mould, scraping the slurry protruding from the top end of the test mould by a ruler, and ensuring the smoothness of the surface of the test block. And (3) putting the marked test block into a drying oven for drying and curing, performing demolding treatment after the test block is molded, and transferring the marked test block into a curing chamber (20+/-2 ℃) for natural curing.
Initial setting time
The test steps are as follows: placing the vicat on the experiment table horizontally, adjusting the scale of the test needle of the vicat to zero, taking out the maintenance round die from the maintenance box, placing the maintenance round die below the test needle of the vicat and slowly adjusting the test needle to enable the maintenance round die to be in contact with the surface of the round die, then suddenly loosening a screw, enabling the test needle to freely fall by means of gravity, and recording the number of the test needle. The time from the slurry addition of water and stirring until the needle enters the slurry and descends to the position 5mm away from the experiment table is recorded as initial setting time.
Fluidity test
Firstly, preparing a clean glass plate, placing the glass plate on an experiment table and ensuring that the glass plate is in a horizontal position, placing a truncated cone round mould right above the glass plate, quickly injecting prepared foaming cement curing filling materials with different mixing amounts into the round mould, scraping the surface of the round mould, quickly lifting the round mould according to a direction perpendicular to the horizontal glass plate, measuring the maximum distance of the slurry flowing parts in the mutually perpendicular direction by adopting a steel rule after the round mould flows for 30 seconds by means of gravity, and taking the average value as the fluidity of the filling materials.
Compressive Strength test
Referring to the cement strength test method, firstly, 50mm×50m test blocks are manufactured, 3 blocks are set in each group, and the test blocks are cured in curing boxes at different ages. And adopting a DYD-10 universal tester to carry out uniaxial compression test on test blocks with curing ages of 3 days, 7 days and 28 days, and recording the maximum damage load.
The test results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 Performance test results
As can be seen from test data of the invention, the fire-extinguishing mortar of the embodiment of the invention can realize rapid condensation and form early strength, has small heat release amount, high strength and high fire-extinguishing speed, is applied to various filling and fire-extinguishing fields, and has wide application prospect. In comparative examples 1 to 3, although the fire extinguishing purpose can be achieved by the comparative examples lacking the modification means, the fluidity, strength and other properties of the matrix are weak, the reaction heat release is high, the comprehensive properties are weak in practical use, and the application in multiple fields cannot be achieved. The invention ensures the realization of the technical effect of the invention for the two-step modification of the fiber, and has weak effect. As can be seen from the SEM pictures of the cross section of the test piece, the cross section of the test piece in the embodiment 4 of the invention is compact, and the comparative examples 1-3 all show holes with different degrees, which is also the reason for the reduced strength.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the preferred mode of carrying out the invention. It is evident that all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, based on the above-described embodiments of the invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of cement, 25-45 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of fine sand, 10-20 parts of calcium sulfate, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 10-20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 10-20 parts of composite fiber, 5-10 parts of foaming agent, 1-5 parts of air entraining agent and 20-50 parts of water;
the preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 50-90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then ultrasonically stirring for 20-30min under the power of 80W, then adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95%, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) Adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:10-15ml basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the drying is carried out after 1-3h of soaking;
(3) Mixing basalt fibers and high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fibers.
2. The cement-based lightweight fire extinguishing mortar according to claim 1, wherein the diatomaceous earth has a specific surface area of 50-65m 2 /g。
3. The cement-based lightweight fire suppression mortar of claim 1, wherein the fire suppression agent is AFFF.
4. The cement-based lightweight fire extinguishing mortar according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in step (2) is 100-110 ℃, and the drying is performed to a water content of 3-5%.
5. The cement-based light fire extinguishing mortar according to claim 1, wherein the foaming agent is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and triterpenoid saponin.
6. The cement-based lightweight fire suppression mortar of claim 1, wherein the air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
7. A method for preparing the cement-based lightweight fire-extinguishing mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing composite fibers: firstly, adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, then heating the solution to 50-90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then ultrasonically stirring for 20-30min under the power of 80W, then adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95%, and collecting precipitate after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the mass concentration is 1g:10-15ml basalt fiber is added for soaking, and the drying is carried out after 1-3h of soaking; mixing the dried basalt fiber with high-density polyethylene according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) Cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, fire extinguishing agent, composite fiber, foaming agent, air entraining agent and water are added into a high-speed stirrer according to parts by weight, fully stirred, mixed and discharged to obtain fire extinguishing mortar, and the fire extinguishing mortar can be put into use.
8. The method for preparing a cement-based lightweight fire-extinguishing mortar according to claim 7, wherein the rotation speed of the high-speed mixer in the step (2) is 600-800r/min, and the mixing time is 10-20min.
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