CN114455894A - Cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114455894A CN114455894A CN202210168332.5A CN202210168332A CN114455894A CN 114455894 A CN114455894 A CN 114455894A CN 202210168332 A CN202210168332 A CN 202210168332A CN 114455894 A CN114455894 A CN 114455894A
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 63
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M sodium;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical group [Na+].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008130 triterpenoid saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;dicalcium;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Fe+3] AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum tricalcium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++] HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019976 tricalcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021534 tricalcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fireproof building materials. The mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of cement, 25-45 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of fine sand, 10-20 parts of calcium sulfate, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 10-20 parts of a fire extinguishing agent, 10-20 parts of composite fiber, 5-10 parts of a foaming agent, 1-5 parts of an air entraining agent and 20-50 parts of water. The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar can be quickly condensed, has early strength, good compressive resistance and bearing compactness, can realize high-efficiency and quick fire extinguishing, has low manufacturing cost, simple and safe use and convenient transportation and storage, and can be used for fire prevention and extinguishing of coal mines, forests and various buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fireproof building materials, and particularly relates to cement-based lightweight fire-extinguishing mortar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, along with the increasing number of enterprises related to flammable and combustible dangerous chemicals, especially in chemical industrial parks, the scale is continuously enlarged, the frequency and scale of fire and explosion accidents caused in the production, storage and transportation processes of the dangerous chemicals are increased, and casualties, property loss and environmental pollution caused by the fire and explosion accidents bring immeasurable loss to the society. In the process of extinguishing dangerous chemical fire, the solid fire extinguishing material plays a vital role, and particularly, the solid fire extinguishing material can only be used for extinguishing the dangerous chemical fire without water.
The fire extinguishing materials are mainly divided into organic fire preventing and extinguishing materials and inorganic fire preventing and extinguishing materials. The organic fire prevention and extinguishing material comprises: organic curing foams, high molecular colloids; the inorganic fire-proof and fire-extinguishing material comprises: fly ash, colloidal slurry, gypsum and high-molecular fiber light fire prevention and extinguishing materials, inorganic curing expansion materials and inorganic curing foams. However, the fire-proof and fire-extinguishing materials have certain limitations. The organic fire prevention and extinguishing material has good effects in the aspects of leaking stoppage, oxygen isolation, dynamic pressure resistance and the like, but the organic material has certain flammability, burns and generates pollution gas in a high-temperature environment, and is difficult to judge whether spontaneous combustion phenomenon occurs when easy-to-ignite substances such as a goaf, a gangue dump and the like are accumulated to prevent and extinguish fire, for example, secondary disaster is easily generated by blind use, economic and safety loss is increased, so the organic fire prevention and extinguishing material can only be used in the fire prevention field, the fire extinguishing field is anecdotal, the organic fire prevention and extinguishing material is expensive in cost, and the preparation and construction process is complex.
Different from organic fire prevention and extinguishing materials, inorganic fire prevention and extinguishing materials have the advantages of wide raw material sources, simple and convenient preparation and construction processes and low cost, but the materials of the inorganic fire prevention and extinguishing materials have certain limitations and cannot simultaneously achieve the effects of high efficiency, fire prevention and extinguishing as well as effectiveness and low cost.
The colloid fire prevention and extinguishing material is a novel inorganic fire prevention and extinguishing material, has excellent fire prevention and extinguishing performance and good safety, but the gelation time is difficult to control and the cost is high. The cement fly ash grouting material is an early material used in fire prevention and extinguishment, has the advantages of low price, no toxicity, good permeability and the like, but has the defects of long setting time, incapability of accumulating to a high place, easiness in running and breaking grout and the like. The advantages and disadvantages of the two types of materials make them have certain applicability and limitation in application.
Therefore, how to develop a novel inorganic fire extinguishing material to realize high-efficiency fire prevention and extinguishment is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention researches by combining advantages and disadvantages among various materials, amplifies the advantages of the materials through scientific and reasonable organic combination, and reduces the disadvantages of the materials, thereby preparing the light cement mortar capable of realizing low cost and high efficiency fire prevention and extinguishment and realizing high efficiency fire prevention and extinguishment.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of cement, 25-45 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of fine sand, 10-20 parts of calcium sulfate, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 10-20 parts of a fire extinguishing agent, 10-20 parts of composite fiber, 5-10 parts of a foaming agent, 1-5 parts of an air entraining agent and 20-50 parts of water.
Further, the specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m2/g。
Further, the fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
Further, the preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 50-90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then carrying out ultrasonic stirring for 20-30min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 10-15ml of basalt fiber for soaking, and drying after soaking for 1-3 h;
(3) and (3) mixing the basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fiber.
Further, the drying temperature in the step (2) is 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, and the drying is carried out until the water content is 3-5%.
Further, the foaming agent is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and triterpenoid saponin.
Further, the air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
A preparation method of cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite fiber: adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 50-90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then carrying out ultrasonic stirring for 20-30min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 10-15ml of basalt fiber for soaking, and drying after soaking for 1-3 h; mixing the dried basalt fibers and the high-density polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding the mixture in a double-screw extruder, drying the mixture, and crushing the dried mixture into solid powder to obtain composite fibers;
(2) adding cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, a fire extinguishing agent, composite fibers, a foaming agent, an air entraining agent and water into a high-speed stirrer according to the parts by weight, fully stirring, mixing and discharging to obtain the fire extinguishing mortar, and putting the fire extinguishing mortar into use.
Further, the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer in the step (2) is 600-.
Each of the raw materials of the present invention is commercially available.
The cement is a natural fire extinguishing material, the inhibiting effect of the cement is mainly an inerting effect and a chemical inhibiting effect, the common portland cement is mainly composed of calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and tetracalcium aluminoferrite, wherein the calcium silicate content is highest, the thermal stability is higher, and the thermal weight loss process is a heat absorption process. In addition, calcium oxide free radicals and calcium free radicals generated by the high-temperature decomposition of the calcium carbonate can be combined with hydroxyl free radicals and hydrogen free radicals to slow down and block combustion chain reaction, thereby achieving the effect of inhibiting combustion.
The invention takes cement as a base material, adds auxiliary materials such as fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite and the like, and adds foaming agent and air entraining agent to prepare light foaming cement mortar, in order to improve the strength and the fire extinguishing performance of a matrix, the invention uses nano chitosan modified basalt fiber and then compounds the nano chitosan modified basalt fiber with high density polyethylene, in the fire extinguishing process, the polyethylene is promoted to melt at high temperature, the nano chitosan modified basalt fiber is fully fused with the basalt fiber and then is filled in foam gaps, so as to isolate air, and a small amount of water film forming foam extinguishing agent is matched to realize high-efficiency fire extinguishing. Meanwhile, the addition of the fibers can effectively promote the coagulation of the gel material and enhance the strength of the matrix, thereby achieving two purposes.
Advantageous effects
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar can be quickly condensed, has early strength, good compressive resistance and bearing compactness, can realize high-efficiency and quick fire extinguishing, has low manufacturing cost, simple and safe use and convenient transportation and storage, and can be used for fire prevention and extinguishing of coal mines, forests and various buildings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a SEM image of the cross section of a test piece for performance test of example 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of cement, 25 parts of silicon dioxide, 15 parts of fine sand, 10 parts of calcium sulfate, 10 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 10 parts of composite fiber, 5 parts of foaming agent, 1 part of air entraining agent and 20 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m2/g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of 2% NaOH solution, heating the solution to 50 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, ultrasonically stirring the solution for 20min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of 95% ethanol into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 10ml of basalt fiber for soaking, and drying after soaking for 1 h;
(3) and (3) mixing the basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fiber.
The drying temperature in the step (2) is 100-.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
A preparation method of cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite fiber: adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of 2% NaOH solution, heating the solution to 50 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, ultrasonically stirring the solution for 20min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of 95% ethanol into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 10ml of basalt fiber for soaking, and drying after soaking for 1 h; mixing the dried basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) adding cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, a fire extinguishing agent, composite fibers, a foaming agent, an air entraining agent and water into a high-speed stirrer according to the parts by weight, fully stirring, mixing and discharging to obtain the fire extinguishing mortar, and putting the fire extinguishing mortar into use. In the step (2), the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer is 600r/min, and the stirring time is 10 min.
Example 2
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of cement, 35 parts of silicon dioxide, 20 parts of fine sand, 13 parts of calcium sulfate, 15 parts of diatomite, 14 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 15 parts of composite fiber, 6 parts of foaming agent, 3 parts of air entraining agent and 30 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m2/g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 75 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, carrying out ultrasonic stirring for 20min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 10ml of basalt fiber for soaking, and drying after soaking for 1 h;
(3) and (3) mixing the basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fiber.
The drying temperature in the step (2) is 100-.
The foaming agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
A preparation method of cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite fiber: adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 75 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, carrying out ultrasonic stirring for 20min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 10ml of basalt fiber for soaking, and drying after soaking for 1 h; mixing the dried basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) adding cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, a fire extinguishing agent, composite fibers, a foaming agent, an air entraining agent and water into a high-speed stirrer according to the parts by weight, fully stirring, mixing and discharging to obtain the fire extinguishing mortar, and putting the fire extinguishing mortar into use.
In the step (2), the rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer is 600r/min, and the stirring time is 10 min.
Example 3
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of cement, 45 parts of silicon dioxide, 25 parts of fine sand, 15 parts of calcium sulfate, 18 parts of diatomite, 17 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 18 parts of composite fiber, 8 parts of foaming agent, 4 parts of air entraining agent and 40 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m2/g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, ultrasonically stirring the solution for 30min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 15ml of basalt fibers for soaking, and drying after soaking for 3 hours;
(3) and (3) mixing the basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fiber.
The drying temperature in the step (2) is 100-.
The foaming agent is triterpenoid saponin.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
A preparation method of cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite fiber: adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, ultrasonically stirring the solution for 30min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 15ml of basalt fibers for soaking, and drying after soaking for 3 hours; mixing the dried basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) adding cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, a fire extinguishing agent, composite fibers, a foaming agent, an air entraining agent and water into a high-speed stirrer according to the parts by weight, fully stirring, mixing and discharging to obtain the fire extinguishing mortar, and putting the fire extinguishing mortar into use.
And (3) rotating the high-speed stirrer in the step (2) at the rotating speed of 800r/min for 20 min.
Example 4
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 22 parts of fine sand, 20 parts of calcium sulfate, 20 parts of diatomite, 20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 20 parts of composite fiber, 10 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of air entraining agent and 50 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m2/g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, ultrasonically stirring the solution for 30min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 15ml of basalt fibers for soaking, and drying after soaking for 3 hours;
(3) and (3) mixing the basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fiber.
The drying temperature in the step (2) is 100-.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
A preparation method of cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite fiber: adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, ultrasonically stirring the solution for 30min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 15ml of basalt fibers for soaking, and drying after soaking for 3 hours; mixing the dried basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) adding cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, a fire extinguishing agent, composite fibers, a foaming agent, an air entraining agent and water into a high-speed stirrer according to the parts by weight, fully stirring, mixing and discharging to obtain the fire extinguishing mortar, and putting the fire extinguishing mortar into use. And (3) rotating the high-speed stirrer in the step (2) at the rotating speed of 800r/min for 20 min.
Comparative example 1
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 22 parts of fine sand, 20 parts of calcium sulfate, 20 parts of diatomite, 20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 20 parts of composite fiber, 10 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of air entraining agent and 50 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m2/g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The preparation method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps: mixing the basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fiber.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
A preparation method of cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing basalt fibers and high-density polyethylene according to a mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fibers;
(2) adding cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, a fire extinguishing agent, composite fibers, a foaming agent, an air entraining agent and water into a high-speed stirrer according to the parts by weight, fully stirring, mixing and discharging to obtain the fire extinguishing mortar, and putting the fire extinguishing mortar into use.
And (3) rotating the high-speed stirrer in the step (2) at the rotating speed of 800r/min for 20 min.
The comparative example is partially the same as example 4 except that the first modification of basalt fiber is not performed.
Comparative example 2
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 22 parts of fine sand, 20 parts of calcium sulfate, 20 parts of diatomite, 20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 20 parts of basalt fiber, 10 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of air entraining agent and 50 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m2/g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
A preparation method of cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps: adding cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, a fire extinguishing agent, basalt fiber, a foaming agent, an air entraining agent and water into a high-speed stirrer according to the parts by weight, fully stirring, mixing and discharging to obtain the fire extinguishing mortar, and putting the fire extinguishing mortar into use.
The rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer is 800r/min, and the stirring time is 20 min.
The comparative example is the same as example 4 except that two-step modification of basalt fiber is not performed, that is, basalt fiber is directly added, and the rest of the raw materials and the preparation method are partially the same.
Comparative example 3
The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 40 parts of silicon dioxide, 22 parts of fine sand, 20 parts of calcium sulfate, 20 parts of diatomite, 20 parts of fire extinguishing agent, 10 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of air entraining agent and 50 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the diatomite is 50-65m2/g。
The fire extinguishing agent is AFFF.
The foaming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
The air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
A preparation method of cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar comprises the following steps: adding cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, a fire extinguishing agent, a foaming agent, an air entraining agent and water into a high-speed stirrer according to the parts by weight, fully stirring, mixing and discharging to obtain the fire extinguishing mortar, and putting the fire extinguishing mortar into use.
The rotating speed of the high-speed stirrer is 800r/min, and the stirring time is 20 min.
The comparative example is partially the same as example 4 except that no conjugate fiber is added.
Performance testing
The test method comprises the following steps:
the test pieces were molded into a mold having dimensions of 50mm by 50 mm. The operation steps are as follows: cleaning a mould, placing the mould on a laboratory bench, spraying a release agent, pouring the slurry stirred according to the design proportion into the mould, scraping the slurry protruding from the top end of the test mould by using a ruler, and ensuring the flatness of the surface of the test block. And (3) placing the marked test block into a drying box for drying and maintenance, demolding after the test block is formed, and moving the marked test block into a maintenance room (20 +/-2 ℃) for natural maintenance.
Initial setting time
The test procedure was as follows: the method comprises the steps of horizontally placing a Vicat instrument on an experiment table, adjusting a test needle scale of the Vicat instrument to a zero point, taking out a maintenance circular mold from a maintenance box, placing the circular mold below a test needle of the Vicat instrument, slowly adjusting the test needle to enable the test needle to be in surface contact with the circular mold, then suddenly loosening a screw, enabling the test needle to fall freely by means of gravity, and recording the number of the test needle. The time from the stirring of the slurry by adding water until the test pin enters the slurry and falls to a position 5mm away from the experimental table is recorded as the initial setting time.
Fluidity test
Preparing a clean glass plate, placing the glass plate on an experiment table, ensuring that the glass plate is in a horizontal position, placing a truncated cone round die right above the glass plate, quickly injecting prepared foaming cement curing filling materials with different doping amounts into the round die, scraping the surface to be flat, quickly lifting the round die in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal glass plate, measuring the maximum distance of the flowing parts of slurry in the mutually perpendicular direction by using a steel ruler after the filling materials flow for 30 seconds by virtue of gravity, and taking the average value of the maximum distance as the fluidity of the filling materials.
Test for compressive Strength
Referring to the cement strength test method, test blocks of 50mm × 50mm × 50m are first prepared, 3 blocks for each group, and the test blocks are cured in a curing box at different ages. Uniaxial compression tests were performed on test blocks with maintenance ages of 3 days, 7 days and 28 days using a DYD-10 universal tester, and the maximum failure load was recorded.
The test results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 Performance test results
The test data show that the fire extinguishing mortar disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can realize rapid condensation and form early strength, has small heat release amount, high strength and high fire extinguishing speed, is applied to various filling and fire extinguishing fields, and has wide application prospects. While the comparative examples 1 to 3, which lack the modification means, can achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing, the matrix has weak properties such as fluidity, strength and the like, the reaction heat release is high, the comprehensive properties are weak in actual use, and the application in multiple fields cannot be realized. The two-step modification of the fiber is the guarantee of the realization of the technical effect of the invention, and the effect is weak in the absence of one step. From SEM images of the cross sections of the test pieces, it can be seen that the cross section of the example 4 of the invention is compact, while the comparative examples 1 to 3 all show holes of different degrees, which is also the reason for the strength reduction.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some of the preferred modes for implementing the invention, and not all embodiments. Obviously, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of cement, 25-45 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of fine sand, 10-20 parts of calcium sulfate, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 10-20 parts of a fire extinguishing agent, 10-20 parts of composite fiber, 5-10 parts of a foaming agent, 1-5 parts of an air entraining agent and 20-50 parts of water.
2. The cement-based lightweight fire-extinguishing mortar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diatomaceous earth has a specific surface area of 50-65m2/g。
3. The cement-based lightweight fire-extinguishing mortar according to claim 1, wherein the fire-extinguishing agent is AFFF.
4. The cement-based lightweight fire-extinguishing mortar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 50-90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then carrying out ultrasonic stirring for 20-30min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan;
(2) adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 10-15ml of basalt fiber for soaking, and drying after soaking for 1-3 h;
(3) and (3) mixing the basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene in the step (2) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain the composite fiber.
5. The cement-based lightweight fire-extinguishing mortar as recited in claim 4, wherein the drying temperature in step (2) is 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, and the drying is carried out until the water content is 3-5%.
6. The cement-based lightweight fire-extinguishing mortar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foaming agent is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and triterpenoid saponin.
7. The cement-based lightweight fire-extinguishing mortar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air-entraining agent is sodium abietate.
8. A preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite fiber: adding 1g of chitosan into 50mL of NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 2%, heating the solution to 50-90 ℃, adding hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6, then carrying out ultrasonic stirring for 20-30min under the power of 80W, adding 150mL of ethanol with the mass concentration of 95% into the mixture, and collecting precipitates after freeze drying and filtering to obtain nano chitosan; adding water into nano chitosan to prepare a nano chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and mixing the nano chitosan solution with the water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 10-15ml of basalt fiber for soaking, and drying after soaking for 1-3 h; mixing the dried basalt fiber and the high-density polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 1:1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, drying, and crushing into solid powder to obtain composite fiber;
(2) adding cement, silicon dioxide, fine sand, calcium sulfate, diatomite, a fire extinguishing agent, composite fibers, a foaming agent, an air entraining agent and water into a high-speed stirrer according to the parts by weight, fully stirring, mixing and discharging to obtain the fire extinguishing mortar, and putting the fire extinguishing mortar into use.
9. The preparation method of the cement-based light fire-extinguishing mortar as recited in claim 8, wherein the rotation speed of the high-speed mixer in step (2) is 600-800r/min, and the mixing time is 10-20 min.
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