CN114431106A - Construction method of acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus - Google Patents
Construction method of acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus, and relates to a construction method of rice seedling raising soil. The invention aims to solve the problems that soil resources are in short supply, high-quality soil is required for rice seedling raising and transplanting, and the ecological environment of the soil is gradually worsened. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a soil mixture; secondly, preparing humus soil; and thirdly, mixing the humus soil and the raw material soil according to a certain proportion to obtain mixed soil, and culturing the mixed soil to obtain the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus. The preparation method is simple and convenient, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, so the preparation method is suitable for large-batch synthesis preparation; the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared by the invention is used for increasing the water retention capacity of the soil and the absorption capacity of nutrient elements, and has a good seedling raising effect. The invention can obtain the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method of rice seedling raising soil.
Background
Rice is one of the most important grain crops in China and is the basic guarantee for survival. The unique climatic characteristics, soil quality, moisture and the like in the northeast provide unique natural conditions for the rice to become an important rice planting base in China. In order to ensure that the seedlings have sufficient growth period, the planting mode of seedling raising and transplanting is commonly adopted in China, so that seedling raising becomes a necessary link in the transplanting production process. High-quality soil is a foundation for cultivating high-quality rice seedlings, and at present, nutrient soil used for seedling cultivation in northeast China is usually taken from plough layer soil of a black soil area, so that the problems of large soil taking amount, difficulty in soil taking, damage to soil resources and ecological resources, easiness in occurrence of soil diseases and the like exist. Meanwhile, the soil ecological environment of China is gradually worsened, the water and soil loss is serious, the soil pollution is aggravated, the soil desertification, the grassland degradation, the soil secondary salinization expansion is rapid and the like, the shortage degree of soil resources is aggravated, and the adverse conditions that the seedling raising soil is prepared for rice planting, no soil is taken, no good soil is taken and the like appear more serious. Therefore, in order to realize sustainable development of rice production in northeast regions, protect limited black soil resources, develop a proper rice seedling raising soil preparation technology and culture high-quality rice seedlings, the method is always an important direction of scientific research for many years and is also a key for promoting popularization and application of mechanical rice transplanting in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that soil resources are in short supply, high-quality soil is required for rice seedling raising and transplanting, and the ecological environment of the soil is gradually deteriorated, and provides a construction method of acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus.
A construction method of acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a soil mixture:
mixing the biomass material powder with the obstacle soil, adding the active assistant and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a soil mixture;
the mass ratio of the biomass material powder, the obstacle soil, the active assistant and the distilled water in the step one is (10-30): 8-100): 1-4): 150-400;
secondly, preparing humus soil:
placing the soil mixture in a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 180-220 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 20-28 h under the conditions of the temperature of 180-220 ℃ and the pressure of 0.8-2.5 MPa to obtain a reaction product;
secondly, centrifuging the reaction product to obtain an acidic liquid product and a solid product; carrying out vacuum drying on the solid product to obtain humus soil;
mixing humus soil and raw material soil according to a certain proportion to obtain mixed soil; and (3) culturing the mixed soil at room temperature for 25-45 days, adjusting the acid of the mixed soil by using the acidic liquid product obtained in the second step during the culture period to ensure that the pH of the mixed soil is 4.5-5.5 during the culture period, and obtaining the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus after the culture is finished.
The principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows:
firstly, the invention takes biomass materials and obstacle soil as raw materials, and prepares acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus by adopting a novel thermochemical method; the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared by the invention has rich organic matter content, proper soil acidity (pH is 4.5-5.5), deep matrix and mineralogical components matched with real black soil, has an appearance form similar to natural black soil, and can effectively regulate the organic matter content to be 5.0% -30%; particularly, the method can synchronously realize humus preparation, matrix construction, acidity adjustment and nutrient recovery, can be used for repairing polluted soil, improving barren soil, transforming desertification and salinized soil, and meets the requirements of different areas of China on soil development and arrangement;
secondly, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the biomass material are decomposed and bonded again under the action of an active auxiliary agent and the reaction conditions of high temperature and medium pressure to form products such as artificial humus, a biochar matrix, free organic acid and the like, so that the composition and the property of the artificial rice seedling raising soil can be accurately regulated and controlled by changing the reaction conditions, and the structure and the function of the artificial seedling raising soil are perfected and optimized; the artificial seedling raising soil has proper acidity, rich nutrients and deep organic matters, can meet the seedling raising requirements of rice areas in various places in China, and has outstanding research value and wide application prospect;
thirdly, the biomass material (such as straw and the like) is used as agricultural waste, and the preparation cost of the artificial acidic rice seedling raising soil is reduced due to low price and easy obtaining;
the method combines the obstacle soil raw material and the biomass material to simulate the geochemical process to prepare the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in the artificial humus, can simultaneously increase the content of the humus, improve the problems of salinization, fertility reduction, serious pollution and the like of the soil raw material, can improve the water and soil retention capacity of the soil, increase the absorption capacity of the soil on nutrient elements, and adjust the acidity of the soil; the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared by the invention has the water holding capacity equivalent to that of the conventional standard rice seedling raising soil, and the seedling emergence rate, dry weight, fresh weight and plant height of seedlings are obviously improved;
the preparation method is simple and convenient, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, so that the preparation method is suitable for large-batch synthesis preparation; the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared by the invention is used for increasing the water retention capacity of the soil and the absorption capacity of nutrient elements, and has a good seedling raising effect.
The invention can obtain the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a soil poor in example two and an acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, example three and example four, in which 1 is a photograph of a soil poor in soil, 2 is a photograph of an acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, 3 is a photograph of an acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example three, and 4 is a photograph of an acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example four;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of lean soil in example two;
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example II;
FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction chart of a soil poor in quality in example two and an acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, example three and example four, in which 1 is a photograph of the soil poor in quality, 2 is a photograph of the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, 3 is a photograph of the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example three, and 4 is a photograph of the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example four;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the leaner soil in example two and the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, example five and example six after the end of the seedling raising period, in which 1 is the leaner soil, 2 is the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, 3 is the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example five, and 4 is the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example six;
fig. 6 is a diagram of examples of rice seedlings 21 days after the cultivation of the soil poor in example two and the soil rich in artificial humus obtained in example two, example five and example six, in which 1 is the soil poor, 2 is the soil rich in artificial humus obtained in example two, 3 is the soil rich in artificial humus obtained in example five, and 4 is the soil rich in artificial humus obtained in example six.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting thereof. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment provides a method for constructing acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus, which is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a soil mixture:
mixing the biomass material powder with the obstacle soil, adding the active assistant and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a soil mixture;
the mass ratio of the biomass material powder, the obstacle soil, the active assistant and the distilled water in the step one is (10-30): 8-100): 1-4): 150-400;
secondly, preparing humus soil:
placing the soil mixture in a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 180-220 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 20-28 h under the conditions of the temperature of 180-220 ℃ and the pressure of 0.8-2.5 MPa to obtain a reaction product;
secondly, centrifuging the reaction product to obtain an acidic liquid product and a solid product; carrying out vacuum drying on the solid product to obtain humus soil;
mixing humus soil and raw material soil according to a certain proportion to obtain mixed soil; and (3) culturing the mixed soil at room temperature for 25-45 days, adjusting the acid of the mixed soil by using the acidic liquid product obtained in the second step during the culture period to ensure that the pH of the mixed soil is 4.5-5.5 during the culture period, and obtaining the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus after the culture is finished.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the present embodiment in that: the particle size of the biomass material powder in the first step is 50-200 meshes, and the biomass material powder is prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning the biomass material to remove impurities on the surface of the biomass material, then drying the biomass material for 10 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 60 and 80 ℃, and finally crushing the dried biomass material to obtain the biomass material powder. Other steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the biomass material is one or a mixture of more of rice straw, corn straw, soybean straw, rice hull, leaves and sawdust. The other steps are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: the obstacle soil in the step one is one or a mixture of more of engineering waste soil, desertification soil, heavy metal contaminated soil, organic contaminated soil, barren soil and saline-alkali soil. The other steps are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the mass fraction of sand in the desertified soil is more than or equal to 80 percent, the mass fraction of soil is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the balance is plant residues and soil moisture; the heavy metal contaminated soil contains one or more heavy metals of Pb, Hg, Cu and Zn; the organic contaminated soil is soil contaminated by one or more organic matters of organic pesticides, petroleum and insecticides. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is as follows: the active auxiliary agent in the step one is NaOH, KOH, industrial soda ash and Ca (OH)2Mixture of (2), Ca (OH)2With Na2CO3One or a mixture of several of the mixtures of (a); the industrial soda ash and Ca (OH)2Ca (OH) in the mixture of (1)2With NaCO3The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 1; the Ca (OH)2With Na2CO3Ca (OH) in the mixture of (1)2With NaCO3The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 1. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the centrifugation speed in the second step is 3000 r/min-12000 r/min, and the centrifugation time is 5 min-20 min. The other steps are the same as those in the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to seventh embodiments is: and the temperature of the vacuum drying in the step two is 60-80 ℃, and the time of the vacuum drying is 15-24 h. The other steps are the same as those in the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between this embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is: placing the soil mixture into a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 185-195 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 22-23 h under the conditions of 185-195 ℃ and 2-3 MPa to obtain a reaction product. The other steps are the same as those in the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to ninth embodiments is as follows: the pH value of the acidic liquid product in the second step is 4-5.5; in the third step, the mass ratio of the humus soil to the raw material soil is (1-10) to (10-1). The other steps are the same as those in the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were employed to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: a construction method of acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a soil mixture:
mixing the rice straw powder with the barren soil, adding the active additive and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a soil mixture;
the mass ratio of the rice straw powder, the barren soil, the active additive and the distilled water in the step one is 25:50:1.6: 400;
the alkaline auxiliary agent in the step one is KOH;
in the barren soil in the step one, the sand content is 80%, the soil content is 8%, and the balance is plant residues and soil moisture;
the grain size of the rice straw powder in the first step is 80 meshes, and the rice straw powder is prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning rice straws, removing impurities on the surfaces of the rice straws, then drying for 10 hours at 70 ℃, and finally crushing the dried rice straws to obtain rice straw powder;
secondly, preparing humus soil:
putting a soil mixture into a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 200 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24 hours under the conditions of the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 1.5MPa to obtain a reaction product; secondly, centrifuging the reaction product for 6min under the condition that the centrifugal speed is 7000r/min to obtain an acidic liquid product and a solid product; vacuum drying the solid product at 70 ℃ for 20h to obtain humus soil;
the pH value of the acidic liquid product in the second step is 4-5;
mixing humus soil and raw material soil according to a certain proportion to obtain mixed soil; culturing the mixed soil at room temperature for 30 days, adjusting the acid of the mixed soil by using the acidic liquid product obtained in the second step during the culture period to ensure that the pH of the mixed soil is 5-5.5 during the culture period, and obtaining the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus after the culture is finished;
in the third step, the mass ratio of the humus soil to the raw material soil is 1: 1.
The organic matter content of the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in the first embodiment is 11.53%.
The emergence rate of 21 days after the seedlings are raised in the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in the first embodiment is 76%.
Example two: a construction method of acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a soil mixture:
mixing the rice straw powder with the barren soil, adding the active additive and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a soil mixture;
the mass ratio of the rice straw powder, the barren soil, the active auxiliary agent and the distilled water in the step one is 20:40:1: 320;
the active additive in the step one is NaOH;
in the barren soil in the step one, sand accounts for 81 percent, soil accounts for 11 percent, and the balance is plant residues and soil moisture;
the grain diameter of the rice straw powder in the first step is 150 meshes, and the rice straw powder is prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning rice straws, removing impurities on the surfaces of the rice straws, then drying the rice straws for 20 hours at 60 ℃, and finally crushing the dried rice straws to obtain rice straw powder;
secondly, preparing humus soil:
putting a soil mixture into a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 200 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24 hours under the conditions of the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0MPa to obtain a reaction product; secondly, centrifuging the reaction product for 10min at the centrifugal speed of 8000r/min to obtain an acidic liquid product and a solid product; vacuum drying the solid product at 80 ℃ for 22h to obtain humus soil;
the pH value of the acidic liquid product in the second step is 4-5;
mixing humus soil and raw material soil according to a certain proportion to obtain mixed soil; and (4) culturing the mixed soil at room temperature for 25 days, adjusting the acid of the mixed soil by using the acidic liquid product obtained in the second step during the culture period to ensure that the pH of the mixed soil is 5-5.5 during the culture period, and obtaining the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus after the culture is finished.
In the third step, the mass ratio of the humus soil to the raw material soil is 1: 9.
The organic matter content of the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two is 4.68%.
The emergence rate of the seedlings 21 days after the seedlings are raised in the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in the second embodiment is 81.8%.
Example three: the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is: the mass ratio of the rice straw powder, the barren soil, the active auxiliary agent and the distilled water in the step one is 15:40:1: 320. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the second embodiment.
Example four: the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is: the mass ratio of the rice straw powder, the barren soil, the active additive and the distilled water in the step one is 10:40:1: 320. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the second embodiment.
Example five: the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is: in the third step, the mass ratio of the humus soil to the raw material soil is 3: 7. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the second embodiment.
Example six: the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is: in the third step, the mass ratio of the humus soil to the raw material soil is 1: 1. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the second embodiment.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a soil poor in example two and an acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, example three and example four, in which 1 is a photograph of a soil poor in soil, 2 is a photograph of an acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, 3 is a photograph of an acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example three, and 4 is a photograph of an acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example four;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of lean soil in example two;
as can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus obtained by the method of example two, which uses the barren soil as the raw material and is added with the rice straw powder, has an appearance color and a shape similar to natural black soil.
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example II;
as can be seen from fig. 3, the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared by using the barren soil as a raw material and adding the rice straw powder through the method of the second embodiment has a large number of flaky and granular structures with non-uniform particle sizes uniformly distributed on the surface thereof, and a small number of spherical structures.
FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the soil poor in example two and the soil rich in artificial humus obtained in example two, example three and example four, in which 1 is the soil poor in example two, 2 is a photograph of the soil rich in artificial humus obtained in example two, 3 is a photograph of the soil rich in artificial humus obtained in example three, and 4 is a photograph of the soil rich in artificial humus obtained in example four;
as can be seen from figure 4, the presence of silica is indicated by the presence of 9 peaks on the four XRD curves at 20.7 °,26.6 °,36.5 °,39.5 °,40.3 °,42.4 °,45.8 °,50.1 °, 54.9 ° and 57.3 °, respectively. In addition, various minerals such as CaCO3、Ca2(SiO4)、CaMg(Si2O6)、MgSiO3、Mg2(Si2O6)、Mg2SiO4、Mg(SiO3) And Mg (SiO)3) Etc. also appear simultaneously.
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the leaner soil in example two and the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, example five and example six after the end of the seedling raising period, in which 1 is the leaner soil, 2 is the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, 3 is the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example five, and 4 is the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example six;
as can be seen from FIG. 5, it is expected that the seedling-raising soil rich in artificial humus obtained after cultivation is clearly distinguished, and the higher the proportion of humus soil blended, the closer the character of the formed artificial seedling-raising soil is to black soil, and the more the organic matter content is significantly increased. Tests show that the organic matter content of the No. 1 soil is 3.48%, the organic matter content of the No. 2 soil is 4.68%, the organic matter content of the No. 3 soil is 8.69%, and the organic matter content of the No. 4 soil is 11.53%.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing examples of rice seedlings grown for 21 days in barren soil of example two and in acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, example five and example six, in which 1 is barren soil, 2 is acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example two, 3 is acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example five, and 4 is acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus prepared in example six;
as can be seen from FIG. 6, the rice seedlings cultured for 21 days had a fresh weight of 1.33g for the aerial part, 0.80g for the underground part, 0.30g for the dry weight of the aerial part, 0.18g for the dry weight of the underground part, and a plant height of 14.61 cm; no. 2, the fresh weight of the aerial part is 1.61g, the fresh weight of the underground part is 0.91g, the dry weight of the aerial part is 0.38g, the dry weight of the underground part is 0.20g, and the plant height is 17.14 cm; the fresh weight of the aerial part in No. 3 is 1.59g, the fresh weight of the underground part is 0.96g, the dry weight of the aerial part is 0.42g, the dry weight of the underground part is 0.20g, and the plant height is 19.54 cm; the fresh weight of the aerial part in No. 1 is 1.54g, the fresh weight of the underground part is 0.82g, the dry weight of the aerial part is 0.38g, the dry weight of the underground part is 0.17g, and the plant height is 17.24 cm.
Specific data in fig. 5 and 6 are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
| |
No. 3 | |
|
|
| Organic matter content (%) | 11.53±0.42 | 8.69±0.32 | 4.68±0.07 | 3.48±0.22 |
| Percentage of emergence (%) | 76.00±0.64 | 76.44±1.25 | 81.78±1.07 | 56.89±2.17 |
| Fresh weight of aerial parts (g) | 1.54±0.26 | 1.59±0.31 | 1.61±0.18 | 1.33±0.24 |
| Fresh weight of underground part (g) | 0.82±0.09 | 0.96±0.10 | 0.91±0.08 | 0.80±0.05 |
| Aerial parts dry weight (g) | 0.38±0.02 | 0.42±0.04 | 0.38±0.05 | 0.30±0.07 |
| Underground part dry weight (g) | 0.17±0.03 | 0.20±0.02 | 0.20±0.03 | 0.18±0.04 |
| 21 days plant height (cm) | 17.24±1.82 | 19.54±2.01 | 17.14±2.32 | 14.61±1.64 |
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus is characterized in that the construction method of the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, preparing a soil mixture:
mixing the biomass material powder with the obstacle soil, adding the active assistant and distilled water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a soil mixture;
the mass ratio of the biomass material powder, the obstacle soil, the active assistant and the distilled water in the step one is (10-30): 8-100): 1-4): 150-400;
secondly, preparing humus soil:
placing the soil mixture in a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle to 180-220 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 20-28 h under the conditions of the temperature of 180-220 ℃ and the pressure of 0.8-2.5 MPa to obtain a reaction product;
secondly, centrifuging the reaction product to obtain an acidic liquid product and a solid product; carrying out vacuum drying on the solid product to obtain humus soil;
mixing humus soil and raw material soil according to a certain proportion to obtain mixed soil; and (3) culturing the mixed soil at room temperature for 25-45 days, adjusting the acid of the mixed soil by using the acidic liquid product obtained in the second step during the culture period to ensure that the pH of the mixed soil is 4.5-5.5 during the culture period, and obtaining the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus after the culture is finished.
2. The method for constructing the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus according to claim 1, wherein the biomass material powder in the first step has a particle size of 50-200 meshes, and is specifically prepared by the following steps: firstly, cleaning the biomass material to remove impurities on the surface of the biomass material, then drying the biomass material for 10 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 60 and 80 ℃, and finally crushing the dried biomass material to obtain the biomass material powder.
3. The method for constructing the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biomass material is one or a mixture of rice straw, corn straw, soybean straw, rice hull, leaves and wood chips.
4. The method for constructing the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the obstacle soil in the first step is one or a mixture of more of engineering waste soil, desertification soil, heavy metal contaminated soil, organic contaminated soil, barren soil and saline-alkali soil.
5. The method for constructing the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass fraction of sand in the desertified soil is more than or equal to 80%, the mass fraction of soil is less than or equal to 10%, and the balance of plant residues and soil moisture; the heavy metal contaminated soil contains one or more heavy metals of Pb, Hg, Cu and Zn; the organic contaminated soil is soil contaminated by one or more organic matters of organic pesticides, petroleum and insecticides.
6. The method for constructing acidic rice seedling soil rich in artificial humus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the active auxiliary agents in the first step are NaOH, KOH, industrial soda ash and Ca (OH)2Mixture of (2), Ca (OH)2With Na2CO3One or a mixture of several of the mixtures of (a); the industrial soda ash and Ca (OH)2Ca (OH) in the mixture of (1)2With NaCO3The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 1; the Ca (OH)2With Na2CO3Ca (OH) in the mixture of (1)2With NaCO3The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 1.
7. The method for constructing the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the centrifugation speed in the second step is 3000r/min to 12000r/min, and the centrifugation time is 5min to 20 min.
8. The method for constructing the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of vacuum drying in the second step is 60-80 ℃, and the time of vacuum drying is 15-24 hours.
9. The method for constructing the acidic rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in the second step, the soil mixture is placed in a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle is raised to 185-195 ℃, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 22-23 h under the conditions of 185-195 ℃ and 2-3 MPa to obtain a reaction product.
10. The method for constructing the acid rice seedling raising soil rich in artificial humus according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the acid liquid product in the second step is 4-5.5; in the third step, the mass ratio of the humus soil to the raw material soil is (1-10) to (10-1).
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