CN114430996B

CN114430996B - Lotus root harvesting device

Info

Publication number: CN114430996B
Application number: CN202210126864.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯岩; 刘衍聪; 岳吉祥; 蒋圣群; 范常峰; 任红伟
Original assignee: China University of Petroleum East China; Shengli College China University of Petroleum
Current assignee: China University of Petroleum East China; Shengli College China University of Petroleum
Priority date: 2022-02-11
Filing date: 2022-02-11
Publication date: 2023-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-11
Also published as: CN114430996A

Abstract

The invention discloses a lotus root harvesting device which comprises a rack, a first driving unit, an injection unit, a lifting assembly and a second driving assembly, wherein the first driving unit comprises a first driving assembly and a supporting frame, the supporting frame is connected with the rack and can move in the length direction of the rack, the first driving assembly is connected with the rack and used for driving the supporting frame to reciprocate in the length direction of the rack, the injection assembly is connected with the supporting frame, the injection unit comprises a water distribution box and a plurality of rotary spray heads, one end of the water distribution box is communicated with a water source, the rotary spray heads are respectively communicated with the other end of the water distribution box and are arranged on the water distribution box at intervals, one end of the lifting assembly is connected with the supporting frame, the other end of the lifting assembly is connected with the water distribution box to drive the injection unit to move in the height direction of the rack, and the second driving assembly drives the lifting assembly and the injection unit to swing around a rotating shaft. The lotus root harvesting device provided by the invention can improve the jet flow coverage area and improve the harvesting efficiency.

Description

Lotus root harvesting device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a lotus root harvesting device.

Background

At present, lotus root harvesting mostly mainly depends on manual excavation as a main part, and is assisted by a water gun nozzle to assist in harvesting, because the harvesting operation environment of the lotus root is particularly severe, particularly in winter, harvesting personnel operate in cold ice water, the labor intensity is high, the cleaning rate is low, and the damage of the lotus root is serious.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is based on the discovery and recognition by the inventors of the following facts and problems:

the small jet type lotus root digging ship is adopted in the related technology, the sewage pump flushes hydraulic jet to the bottom of a lotus root pool, the sludge attached to lotus roots is flushed, and the lotus roots float on the water surface by means of buoyancy, so that the lotus roots are harvested. However, the inventor of the present application finds that, however, the small-sized jet lotus root digging ship in the related art has the problems that the jet flow mode is single, the reversing is mainly performed by adopting a crank block structure or a similar structure, the impact exists in the reversing, the covering area of the jet flow at the two ends is small, the jet flow operation effect at the two ends is affected, the jet flow efficiency is low, the digging rate is low, and the like.

The chain reversing hydraulic jet mechanism is arranged on the lotus root harvesting operation device and comprises a power and supporting mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism, a reversing mechanism, a lifting mechanism and a jet mechanism; the lotus root harvesting operation device in the related art realizes three functions of reversing, lifting and jetting of a jet flow working chain of the lotus root harvesting operation device, the reversing of the chain is stable and has no impact, the reliability is high, and the service life is long. The lifting mechanism realizes that the jet height is adjustable to meet the operation requirements of different water depths, and the jet mechanism improves the jet coverage area. However, the research of the inventor of the present application finds that the lotus root harvesting device in the related art can only achieve lifting, the jet flow coverage area is small, and the harvesting efficiency is low.

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a lotus root harvesting device which can improve the jet flow coverage area and improve the harvesting efficiency.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the lotus root harvesting device comprises: a frame; the first driving unit comprises a first driving assembly and a supporting frame, the supporting frame is connected with the rack, the supporting frame can move in the length direction of the rack, the first driving assembly is connected with the rack, and the first driving assembly is used for driving the supporting frame to reciprocate in the length direction of the rack; the spraying unit is connected with the supporting frame and comprises a water distribution box and a plurality of rotary spray heads, one end of the water distribution box is communicated with a water source, the rotary spray heads are respectively communicated with the other end of the water distribution box, and the rotary spray heads are arranged on the water distribution box at intervals; one end of the lifting assembly is connected with the supporting frame, and the other end of the lifting assembly is connected with the water distribution box so that the lifting assembly drives the spraying unit to move in the height direction of the rack; the second drive assembly, the second drive assembly includes the pivot, the pivot with the support frame links to each other, just the pivot for the support frame is rotatable, lifting unit with the pivot links to each other, the drive of second drive assembly lifting unit with the injection unit winds the pivot can be swung.

According to the lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the jet flow coverage area can be increased, and the harvesting efficiency is improved.

In some embodiments, the first driving unit includes a first sprocket, a second sprocket and a first driver, the first driver is connected to the frame, the first sprocket and the second sprocket are spaced apart in a length direction of the frame, the first sprocket and the second sprocket are rotatable relative to the frame, the first sprocket is connected to the first driver, the first sprocket and the second sprocket are connected by a transmission chain, and the support frame is connected to the transmission chain.

In some embodiments, the first driving unit further includes a first guide rod, two ends of the first guide rod are respectively connected to the frame, the first guide rod extends along a length direction of the frame, the first guide rod penetrates through the support frame, and the support frame is movable on the first guide rod along the length direction of the frame.

In some embodiments, the lifting assembly comprises a first mounting plate, a mounting seat, a second driver, a first connecting plate and a second guide rod, the first mounting plate is connected with the rotating shaft, the mounting seat is connected with the first mounting plate, one end of the second guide rod is connected with the first connecting plate, the other end of the second guide rod is connected with the water distribution box, one end of the second driver is connected with the first connecting plate, the other end of the second driver is connected with the mounting seat, and the second driver can stretch or contract in the height direction of the rack so as to drive the water distribution box to move in the height direction of the rack through the second guide rod.

In some embodiments, the lifting assembly further comprises a guide base, the guide base is connected with the first mounting plate, the second guide rod is arranged in the guide base in a penetrating mode, and the second guide rod is movable relative to the guide base.

In some embodiments, the second driving assembly includes a third driver and a limiting seat, the third driver is connected to the support frame, an output shaft of the third driver is connected to the rotating shaft, the third driver is configured to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, the limiting seat is connected to the support frame, the limiting seat is provided with a first limiting groove and a second limiting groove which are communicated with each other, the first limiting groove extends along a height direction of the rack, the second limiting groove extends along a width direction of the rack, the second guide rod is provided with a limiting pin, and the limiting pin is fitted in the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove.

In some embodiments, the spray unit further comprises a rotary joint, the rotary joint is connected with the water diversion box, one end of the rotary joint is communicated with a water source, the other end of the rotary joint is communicated with the water diversion box, and the water diversion box can rotate relative to the rack.

In some embodiments, the spraying unit further includes a plurality of first telescopic rods, the plurality of first telescopic rods are respectively connected to the outer side wall surface of the water distribution box, the plurality of first telescopic rods are arranged along the circumferential direction of the water distribution box at intervals, the lotus root harvesting device further includes a plurality of arresting bars, the plurality of arresting bars are respectively connected to the rack, the plurality of arresting bars are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the rack, the plurality of arresting bars and the plurality of first telescopic rods are alternately arranged in the length direction of the rack, and when the water distribution box reciprocates in the length direction of the rack, the plurality of arresting bars and the plurality of first telescopic rods cooperate to drive the water distribution box to rotate.

In some embodiments, the lotus root harvesting device further comprises an ultrasonic flowmeter, the ultrasonic flowmeter is connected with the water distribution box, and the ultrasonic flowmeter is located at an outlet of the water distribution box.

In some embodiments, the lotus root harvesting device further comprises a proximity switch connected to the bottom surface of the knock out box.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lotus root harvesting device according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an included angle formed between an injection unit and a frame in the lotus root harvesting device according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the lotus root harvesting device in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first driving assembly in the lotus root harvesting device according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lifting assembly in the lotus root harvesting device according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a connection between a support frame and a second driving assembly in the lotus root harvesting device according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an injection unit in the lotus root harvesting apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an exploded view of the first telescopic rod according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is an exploded view of a rotary sprayer according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the roller and the chute assembly according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a nozzle open state and a schematic view of a nozzle closed state of the spray unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a simulation diagram of the state of sediment injected by the injection unit at different moments according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the water velocity vector of the spray unit of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the water flow streamlines of the jet unit of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of water velocity vectors of different time steps of a silt horizontal line of a spraying unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of pressure vectors of different time steps of silt horizontal lines of the injection unit according to the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 17 is a fluid area grid diagram with the spray nozzles of the spray units of an embodiment of the present invention angled at 45 from perpendicular to the ground plane.

Fig. 18 is a cloud of the movement of silt in the first operating condition of the injection unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a cloud view of silt movement in a second operating condition of the injection unit of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 20 is a cloud of the movement of silt in the third operating condition of the injection unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 21 is a cloud of sand movement in a fourth operating condition of the injection unit of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 22 is a cloud of sand movement under a fifth operating condition of the injection unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 23 is a cloud of sand movement under a sixth condition of the injection unit according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 24 is a cloud of sand movement under a seventh operating condition of the injection unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 25 is a cloud view of movement of silt under the eighth working condition of the injection unit according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 26 is a cloud diagram of the movement of silt under the ninth working condition of the injection unit of the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 27 is a pressure contour cloud chart of the spray unit of the embodiment of the present invention at a nozzle diameter of 8mm, an incident speed of 30m/S, an incident angle of 45 degrees and 0.6S.

FIG. 28 is a velocity vector cloud chart of the injection unit of the embodiment of the present invention at a nozzle diameter of 8mm, an incident velocity of 30m/S, an incident angle of 45 degrees, and 0.6S.

FIG. 29 is a histogram of the achievable flush depth for different operating conditions of the injection unit of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a bar graph of the achievable flush width of an injection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention under different operating conditions.

FIG. 31 is a graph of the impact of jet unit interaction on flush depth for an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a graph of the effect of spray unit interaction on the washout width of an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

the machine frame (1) is provided with a frame,

a first driving component 2, a first chain wheel 21, a second chain wheel 22, a first driver 23, a first guide rod 24, a connecting seat 25, a connecting pin shaft 26, a transmission chain 27,

a supporting frame 3 is arranged on the upper portion of the frame,

the spraying unit 4, the water distribution box 41, the chute 411,

a rotating nozzle 42, a first connector 421, a first sleeve 422, a perforated ball valve 423, a first sleeve 424, a nozzle 425, a screw 426,

the rotary joint (43) is provided with a rotary joint,

the first telescopic rod 44, the outer telescopic rod 441, the inner telescopic rod 442, the sleeve 443, the compression spring 444, the locking pin 445,

the joint support 45 is provided with a joint support,

the lifting assembly 5, the first mounting plate 51, the mounting seat 52, the second driver 53, the first connecting plate 54, the second guide rod 55, the guide seat 56, the roller 57,

a second driving assembly 6, a rotating shaft 61, a third driver 62, a limiting seat 63, a first limiting groove 631, a second limiting groove 632,

an arresting bar 7 and a proximity switch 8.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the lotus root harvesting apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a frame 1, a first driving unit, an injection unit 4, a lifting assembly 5, and a second driving assembly 6.

The first driving unit comprises a first driving assembly 2 and a supporting frame 3, the supporting frame 3 is connected with the machine frame 1, the supporting frame 3 is movable in the length direction of the machine frame 1, the first driving assembly 2 is connected with the machine frame 1, and the first driving assembly 2 is used for driving the supporting frame 3 to reciprocate in the length direction (left and right directions as shown in fig. 1) of the machine frame 1.

The frame 1 may be mounted on a traction device, and for example, the frame 1 may be mounted on lotus root harvesting equipment.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a first driving assembly 2 is fixed on the frame 1 along the left-right direction, a supporting frame 3 is slidably connected with the frame 1, the supporting frame 3 is connected with the first driving assembly 2, and the first driving assembly 2 is used for driving the supporting frame 3 to reciprocate along the left-right direction. It should be noted that the first driving assembly 2 may be a reciprocating hydraulic cylinder, and when the first driving assembly 2 is the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder, a fixed end of the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder is connected to the frame 1, and a movable end of the reciprocating hydraulic cylinder is connected to the supporting frame 3.

The spraying unit is connected with the supporting frame 3, the spraying unit 4 comprises a water distribution box 41 and a plurality of rotary sprayers 42, one end of the water distribution box 41 is communicated with a water source, the rotary sprayers 42 are respectively communicated with the other end of the water distribution box 41, and the rotary sprayers 42 are arranged on the water distribution box 41 at intervals.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the water diversion box 41 is located below the rack 1, the outer contour of the water diversion box 41 is substantially cylindrical, the upper end of the water diversion box 41 is provided with a water inlet communicated with a water source, the plurality of rotary nozzles 42 are uniformly distributed at the lower end of the water diversion box 41, and the plurality of rotary nozzles 42 extend in the up-down direction.

As shown in fig. 10, the rotary sprayer 42 includes a first joint 421, a first sleeve 424422, a perforated ball valve 423, a first sleeve 424422, a nozzle 425 and a screw 426, the upper end of the first joint 421 communicates with the water diversion tank 41, the first sleeve 424422 is sleeved on the first joint 421, the first sleeve 424422 communicates with the first joint 421, the perforated ball valve 423 is disposed in the first sleeve 424422, a through hole communicating with the first sleeve 424422 is disposed on the perforated ball valve 423, the perforated ball valve 423 is used to close a liquid pipeline, the second sleeve is sleeved on the first sleeve 424422, the second sleeve communicates with the first sleeve 424422 through the perforated ball valve 423, the upper end 425 is provided with a ball joint, the ball joint is clamped in the second sleeve, so that the nozzle 425 can be adjusted by 15 ° in the vertical direction, the first sleeve 424422 is provided with a limited number of holes 3724, the screw 426 is provided with a butterfly-shaped torsion lug, the screw 426 at least partially penetrates through a limiting hole so as to adjust and correct the opening and closing state of the ball valve, an annular bulge is arranged at the critical position of the inner wall of the first sleeve 424422 and the perforated ball valve 423, and is used for limiting and sealing, when the butterfly-shaped torsion lug is in a radial vertical state of the first sleeve 424422, a through hole in the perforated ball valve 423 is parallel to the inner wall surface of the first sleeve 424422, the nozzle 425 is in an open state, when the butterfly-shaped torsion lug is in a cross horizontal state of the first sleeve 424422, the through hole in the perforated ball valve 423 is perpendicular to the inner wall surface of the first sleeve 424422, the liquid channel is closed, the nozzle 425 is in a sealed state, and the operation number of the nozzle 425 can be freely selected by controlling the butterfly-shaped torsion lug so as to adapt to operation requirements under different working conditions. And through the angle of adjusting different rotatory nozzle 42, arrange the rotatory nozzle 42 that the combination formed a plurality of injection directions and form annular rivers, make lotus root and earth can all-round quick separation, still can improve the variety of injection area and injection angle, improve the variety of the suitable operating mode of lotus root harvesting efficiency and lotus root harvesting device.

One end of the lifting assembly 5 is connected with the supporting frame 3, and the other end of the lifting assembly 5 is connected with the water diversion box 41 so that the lifting assembly 5 drives the spraying unit 4 to move in the height direction of the machine frame 1.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the upper end of the lifting component 5 is connected to the supporting frame 3, the lower end of the lifting component 5 is connected to the water diversion box 41, and the lifting component 5 can drive the water diversion box 41 to move in the up-and-down direction.

The second driving assembly 6 comprises a rotating shaft 61, the rotating shaft 61 is connected with the support frame 3, the rotating shaft 61 can rotate relative to the support frame 3, the lifting assembly 5 is connected with the rotating shaft 61, and the second driving assembly 6 drives the lifting assembly 5 and the spraying unit 4 to swing around the rotating shaft 61.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the rotating shaft 61 extends in the left-right direction, and left and right ends of the rotating shaft 61 are rotatably connected to the supporting frame 3, respectively. The rotating shaft 61 is connected with the lifting assembly 5, and the second driving assembly 6 can drive the lifting assembly 5 and the spraying unit 4 to swing around the rotating shaft 61 in the front-back direction.

It should be noted that the angle at which the lifting assembly 5 and the spraying unit 4 can swing forward in the front-rear direction is a, and a is 0 ° or more and 30 ° or less. Specifically, the angle a may be 0 °, 10 °, 15 °, 20 °, 25 °, 30 °. When the angle a is 0 °, as shown in fig. 1, the lifting assembly 5 and the spraying unit 4 are in a vertical state, and when the angle a is 30 °, an included angle is formed between the lifting assembly 5 and the supporting frame 3, and the spraying unit 4 swings forward.

According to the lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first driving assembly 2 is arranged to drive the injection unit 4 to reciprocate in the left-right direction, so that the jet flow coverage area can be increased, the harvesting efficiency can be improved, the reciprocating movement can also avoid the backflow of sludge, and the cleaning rate can be increased. Be provided with lifting unit 5, can realize that the efflux height-adjustable is in order to adapt to the operation requirement of different depth of water. Be provided with second drive assembly 6, can adjust the angle of lifting unit 5 and injection unit 4, and second drive assembly 6 cooperates 5 still can adjust the distance that injection unit 4 stretches out frame 1 of lifting unit, thereby improve efflux coverage area, improve the efficiency of gathering, and can also adjust injection unit 4's angle according to the trend of the fluctuation on lotus root pond ground and lotus root growth, not only avoid injection unit 4 to sink into in the lotus root pond and can also realize the harvesting to the lotus root of slope growth.

In some embodiments, the first driving unit comprises a first chain wheel 21, a second chain wheel 22 and a first driver 23, the first driver 23 is connected with the frame 1, the first chain wheel 21 and the second chain wheel 22 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the frame 1, the first chain wheel 21 and the second chain wheel 22 are rotatable relative to the frame 1, the first chain wheel 21 is connected with the first driver 23, the first chain wheel 21 and the second chain wheel 22 are connected through a transmission chain 27, and the support frame 3 is connected with the transmission chain 27.

It should be noted that the first driver 23 may be an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, a first driver 23 is fixed on the frame 1, an output shaft of the first driver 23 is connected to a first sprocket 21, the first sprocket 21 is fixed on the frame 1 through a bearing seat, second sprockets 22 and the first sprocket 21 are arranged at intervals in the left-right direction, the second sprockets 22 are also fixed on the frame 1 through a bearing seat, the first sprocket 21 and the second sprockets 22 are connected through a transmission chain 27, the transmission chain 27 is provided with a connecting seat 5, the connecting seat 5 is provided with a connecting pin 26, and the connecting pin 26 is connected to the support frame 3.

According to the lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the transmission chain 27 is adopted to drive the injection unit 4 to reciprocate in the left-right direction, the chain is stable in reversing, free of impact, high in reliability and long in service life, and the lotus root harvesting device is also suitable for severe working environments such as a lotus root pond, the transmission chain 27 stays for a long time at the contact semicircle of the chain wheel and the chain, the duration time of the jet flow of the injection unit 4 at two ends is ensured, and the jet flow effect at two ends is improved.

In some embodiments, the first driving unit further includes a first guide bar 24, both ends of the first guide bar 24 are respectively connected to the frame 1, the first guide bar 24 extends along the length direction of the frame 1, the first guide bar 24 penetrates the support frame 3, and the support frame 3 is movable on the first guide bar 24 along the length direction of the frame 1.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the first guide rods 24 extend in the left-right direction, the number of the first guide rods 24 is two, the two first guide rods 24 are arranged at intervals in the up-down direction, the two first guide rods 24 are arranged in parallel, the left end and the right end of each first guide rod 24 are fixedly connected to the frame 1, the support frame 3 is sleeved on the two first guide rods 24, and the support frame 3 is movable on the first guide rods 24 in the left-right direction.

The lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with the first guide rod 24, and can provide guidance and support for the support frame 3 to drive the lifting assembly 5 and the injection unit 4 to move in the left-right direction, so that the stability and accuracy of the left-right direction movement of the injection unit 4 are improved.

In some embodiments, the lifting assembly 5 includes a first mounting plate 51, a mounting seat 52, a second actuator 53, a first connecting plate 54, and a second guiding rod 55, the first mounting plate 51 is connected to the rotating shaft 61, the mounting seat 52 is connected to the first mounting plate 51, one end of the second guiding rod 55 is connected to the first connecting plate 54, the other end of the second guiding rod 55 is connected to the diversion box 41, one end of the second actuator 53 is connected to the first connecting plate 54, the other end of the second actuator 53 is connected to the mounting seat 52, and the second actuator 53 can extend or retract in the height direction of the rack 1 so as to drive the diversion box 41 to move in the height direction of the rack 1 through the second guiding rod 55.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the number of the second guide bars 55 is two, two second guide bars 55 each extend in the up-down direction, and the two second guide bars 55 are arranged in parallel, and the two second guide bars 55 are identical in size and shape. The upper ends of the two second guide rods 55 are connected with the first connecting plate 54 through nuts respectively, the first connecting plate 54 extends in the left-right direction, the lower ends of the two second guide rods 55 are connected with the upper end face of the water distribution box 41, and the two second guide rods 55 are arranged at intervals in the left-right direction. The two second guide rods 55 are movable in the up-down direction.

The second actuator 53 is provided on the first link plate 54, and the second actuator 53 is provided between the two second guide rods 55. It should be noted that the second actuator 53 may be a hydraulic cylinder or a hydraulic motor, and a connecting shaft is disposed on an output shaft of the second actuator 53. When the second actuator 53 is a hydraulic cylinder, the lower end of the connecting shaft is connected to the mounting seat 52. When the second actuator 53 is a hydraulic motor, the lower end of the connecting shaft passes through the mounting seat 52, the outer periphery of the connecting shaft is provided with external threads, and the mounting seat 52 is internally provided with internal threads.

The first mounting plate 51 extends in the left-right direction, the rotating shaft 61 of the first mounting plate 51 is fixedly connected, and the mounting seat 52 is fixedly connected with the first mounting plate 51.

The lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with the second driver 53, the second driver 53 extends or contracts in the vertical direction, and the mounting base 52 is connected with the rotating shaft 61 through the first mounting plate 51, so that the position of the rotating shaft 61 is fixed, when the second driver 53 extends or contracts, the two second guide rods 55 can be driven to move up and down, the two second guide rods 55 drive the spraying unit to move up and down, the vertical position of the spraying unit is adjusted, and the height of the jet flow can be adjusted to meet the operation requirements of different water depths.

In some embodiments, the lifting assembly 5 further includes a guide base 56, the guide base 56 is connected to the first mounting plate 51, the second guide rod 55 is disposed in the guide base 56, and the second guide rod 55 is movable relative to the guide base 56.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the lifting assembly 5 further includes a second mounting plate located below the first mounting plate 51.

The quantity of guide holder 56 is 4, four guide holders 56 divide into two sets ofly, two sets of guide holders 56 are at the upper and lower direction interval arrangement of left and right sides, and include two guide holders 56 in every guide holder 56 of group, two guide holders 56 in every guide holder 56 of group are at the upper and lower direction interval arrangement, two guide holders 56 that are located the top link to each other with first mounting panel 51, two guide holders 56 that are located the below link to each other with the second mounting panel, two second guide bars 55 wear to establish respectively in two guide holders 56 of the left and right sides about, and second guide bar 55 is portable along the upper and lower direction in guide holder 56.

According to the lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the guide seat 56 can guide and support the second guide rod 55 when the second guide rod 55 moves up and down, so that the accuracy and stability of up-and-down adjustment of the injection unit 4 are improved.

In some embodiments, the second driving assembly 6 includes a third driver 62 and a limiting seat 63, the third driver 62 is connected to the supporting frame 3, an output shaft of the third driver 62 is connected to the rotating shaft 61, the third driver 62 is used for driving the rotating shaft 61 to rotate, the limiting seat 63 is connected to the supporting frame 3, a first limiting groove 631 and a second limiting groove 632 that are mutually communicated are disposed on the limiting seat 63, the first limiting groove 631 extends along a height direction of the rack 1, the second limiting groove 632 extends along a width direction of the rack 1, a limiting pin (not shown) is disposed on the second guide rod 55, and the limiting pin is engaged in the first limiting groove 631 and the second limiting groove 632.

It should be noted that the third driver 62 may be a motor, and specifically, the motor is a waterproof motor. It will be appreciated that the third actuator 62 may also be another type of actuating member, for example, the third actuator 62 may be a hydraulic motor.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the third driver 62 is connected to the support frame 3, an output shaft of the third driver 62 is connected to the rotating shaft 61 through a coupling, the limit seat 63 is located below the third driver 62, the limit seat 63 is fixed to the support frame 3, the limit seat 63 is provided with a first limit groove 631 and a second limit groove 632 that are communicated with each other, the first limit groove 631 extends in the up-down direction, the second limit groove 632 extends in the front-back direction, and the rear end of the second limit groove 632 is communicated with the lower end of the first limit groove 631.

The limit pin is arranged below the second guide rod 55, and the limit pin is rotatably connected with the second guide rod 55, and at least part of the limit pin extends into the first limit groove 631 or the second limit groove 632, it should be noted that when the second guide rod 55 drives the injection unit 4 to move upwards, the limit pin moves in the first limit groove 631, and when the injection unit 4 swings forwards relative to the frame 1, the limit pin moves in the second limit groove 632.

Preferably, a first limit switch (not shown) is provided on an inner wall surface of an upper end of the first limit groove 631, and a second limit switch (not shown) is provided on an inner wall surface of a front end of the second limit groove 632, the limit pin corresponding to positions of the first limit switch and the second limit switch.

The lotus root harvesting device further comprises a controller, the first limit switch, the second limit switch, the first driver 23, the second driver 53 and the third driver 62 are respectively connected with the controller, when the limit pin touches the first limit switch, the controller controls the second driver 53 to be closed or reversed, and when the limit pin touches the second limit switch, the controller controls the third driver 62 to be closed or reversed.

The lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with the limiting seat 63, and the first limiting groove 631 and the second limiting groove 632 are arranged on the limiting seat 63, so that the position of the injection unit 4 in the vertical direction and the swing angle of the injection unit 4 in the front-back direction can be limited, the injection unit 4 is prevented from exceeding the maximum value of displacement and swing, and the running stability of the lotus root harvesting device is improved. Set up controller, first limit switch and second limit switch, can improve the degree of automation of lotus root harvesting device, realize lotus root harvesting device's automated control, further improve the efficiency that the lotus root was gathered.

In some embodiments, the spraying unit 4 further comprises a rotary joint 43, the rotary joint 43 is connected to the water distribution box 41, one end of the rotary joint 43 is communicated with the water source, the other end of the rotary joint 43 is communicated with the water distribution box 41, and the water distribution box 41 is rotatable relative to the rack 1.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the water diversion box 41 is cylindrical, the rotary joint 43 is provided at the upper end of the water diversion box 41, the upper end of the rotary joint 43 is communicated with a water source, the lower end of the rotary joint 43 is communicated with the water diversion box 41, and the water diversion box 41 is rotatable relative to the rack 1.

The spraying unit 4 further comprises a joint bracket 45, the rear end of the joint bracket 45 is connected with the second mounting plate, the front end of the joint bracket 45 is sleeved on the rotary joint 43, and the rotary joint 43 can rotate relative to the joint bracket 45.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 13, an annular sliding groove 411 is provided at an upper end of the water diversion box 41, it should be noted that the annular sliding groove 411 is a dovetail groove, lower ends of two second guide rods 55 are both clamped in the annular sliding groove 411, and a lower end of the second guide rod 55 is movable relative to the annular sliding groove 411, that is, the second guide rod 55 is movable in the annular sliding groove 411.

Preferably, the lower end of the second guiding rod 55 is provided with a roller 57, the roller 57 is clamped in the annular sliding slot 411, and when the water diversion box 41 rotates, the roller 57 rolls in the annular sliding slot 411. When the second guide rod 55 drives the water diversion box 41 to move upward, the upper end surface of the roller 57 contacts with the inner wall surface of the upper side of the annular sliding groove 411, so that the water diversion box 41 is driven to move upward.

According to the lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the water distribution box 41 is cylindrical, so that damage to lotus roots caused by the spraying unit 4 when the lotus roots are sprayed can be prevented, the sprayed water flow is more uniform through the cylindrical water distribution box 41, the phenomena of missing spraying or multiple spraying and the like are avoided, and the net digging rate of the lotus roots is improved. The water diversion box 41 is rotatable for frame 1, makes the water diversion box 41 when the left and right sides orientation removes, and water diversion box 41 rotates in step, and whole injection unit 4 carries out 360 free rotations, and when injection unit 4 swung forward for frame 1, injection unit 4 can carry out synchronous rotation and spray, thereby form and form annular rivers, make lotus root and earth can all-round quickly separating, improve the efficiency of gathering and the clean rate of digging of lotus root.

Be provided with and connect support 45, can support rotary joint 43 and knockout drum 41, improve the joint strength between knockout drum 41 and the frame 1 to make lotus root harvesting device operation more stable, and still when knockout drum 41 swung forward, joint support 45 still can support knockout drum 41. Be provided with annular spout 411, and second guide bar 55 establishes in annular spout 411 through gyro wheel 57 card, not only can make second guide bar 55 link to each other with distribution box 41 so that second guide bar 55 drives distribution box 41 and moves in the upper and lower direction, can also avoid second guide bar 55 to cause the interference to distribution box 41's rotation when distribution box 41 rotates, makes distribution box 41's rotation more stable. And two second guide bars 55 and joint support 45 can carry out three point support to the distributive tank 41, have further improved the structural stability of distributive tank 41.

In some embodiments, the spraying unit 4 further includes a plurality of first telescopic rods 44, the plurality of first telescopic rods 44 are respectively connected to the outer side wall surface of the water distribution box 41, the plurality of first telescopic rods 44 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the water distribution box 41, the lotus root harvesting device further includes a plurality of arresting bars 7, the plurality of arresting bars 7 are respectively connected to the rack 1, the plurality of arresting bars 7 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the rack 1, the plurality of arresting bars 7 and the plurality of first telescopic rods 44 are alternately arranged in the length direction of the rack 1, and when the water distribution box 41 reciprocates in the length direction of the rack 1, the plurality of arresting bars 7 and the plurality of first telescopic rods 44 cooperate to drive the water distribution box 41 to rotate.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, the plurality of first telescopic rods 44 are respectively connected to the outer side wall of the water diversion box 41, the plurality of first telescopic rods 44 are uniformly arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the water diversion box 41, and the length of the first telescopic rods 44 is adjustable.

As shown in fig. 9, the first telescopic rod 44 includes an outer telescopic rod 441, an inner telescopic rod 442, a sleeve 443, a compression spring 444 and a locking pin 445, the inner telescopic rod 442 is sleeved inside the outer telescopic rod 441, the inner telescopic rod 442 is provided with a plurality of circular holes, the plurality of circular holes are uniformly arranged in the length direction of the first telescopic rod 44 at intervals, the compression spring 444 and the locking pin 445 are arranged inside the sleeve 443, the sleeve 443 is fixed inside a slotted hole on the outer telescopic rod 441, the diameter of the circular hole on the inner telescopic rod 442 is slightly larger than that of the locking pin 445, so the locking pin 445 can be clamped inside the circular hole of the inner telescopic rod 442 under the action of the compression spring 444 to play a role of connecting and fixing the inner and outer telescopic rods 441, when the inner telescopic rod 442 is rotated, the locking pin 445 acts a reaction force on the compression spring 444 under the action of a shearing force to force the compression spring 444 to compress the locking pin 445 to bounce, at this time, the outer telescopic rod 442 and the inner telescopic rod 442 and the locking pin 441 can freely move relatively, and the locking pin 445 falls into the circular hole of the inner telescopic rod 442 after a suitable length is selected, thereby completing the length adjustment of the first telescopic rod 44.

Preferably, the first telescopic rod 44 may be an electric telescopic rod, and the plurality of first telescopic rods 44 are respectively connected with the controller.

As shown in fig. 1, the plurality of bars 7 are arranged at regular intervals in the left-right direction, and the plurality of bars 7 have the same size in the up-down direction, and preferably, the intervals of the plurality of bars 7 in the left-right direction are adjustable.

According to the lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the spraying unit 4 can rotate while moving left and right through the matching of the first telescopic rod 44 and the blocking rod 7, so that annular water flow is formed through the plurality of rotary spray heads 42, the flushed sludge is prevented from flowing back, and the harvesting efficiency and the digging rate of lotus roots are improved. The length of first telescopic link 44 is adjustable, when the knockout drum 41 swung forward for frame 1, through the length that increases first telescopic link 44, makes first telescopic link 44 can contact the cooperation with arresting bar 7 all the time to the knockout drum 41 of being convenient for can also rotate realization self-rotation when the knockout drum 41 swung earlier. The blocking rod 7 can also be used for collecting the lotus roots rushing out of the sludge, so that the collection of the lotus roots is facilitated, and the lotus root harvesting efficiency is improved.

In some embodiments, the lotus root harvesting device further comprises an ultrasonic flow meter, the ultrasonic flow meter is connected to the diversion box 41, and the ultrasonic flow meter is located at the outlet of the diversion box 41.

It should be noted that the ultrasonic flowmeter is connected to the controller, and the ultrasonic flowmeter can measure parameters such as the flow rate, the flow velocity, the accumulated flow rate, and the temperature of the rotary nozzle 42 in the lotus root picking process in real time, and transmit the parameters to the controller, and the controller can adjust the movement speed of the spraying unit 4 in the left-right direction by controlling the first driver 23 according to the parameters, can adjust the height of the spraying unit 4 by controlling the second driver 53, and adjust the angle of the spraying unit 4 relative to the rack 1 by controlling the third driver 62.

It should be noted that an electromagnetic flow valve is further arranged between the water source and the water distribution box 41, the electromagnetic flow valve is connected with a controller, and the controller can also control the flow rate of the jet water flow by controlling the opening degree of the electromagnetic flow valve according to the parameters acquired by the ultrasonic flowmeter.

In some embodiments, the lotus root harvesting device further comprises a proximity switch 8, and the proximity switch 8 is connected to the bottom surface of the knock out box 41.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, a proximity switch 8 bracket is arranged at the bottom of the water diversion box 41, the upper end of the proximity switch 8 bracket is connected with the bottom of the water diversion box 41, the proximity switch 8 bracket extends in the up-down direction, and the proximity switch 8 is arranged on the proximity switch 8 bracket.

According to the lotus root harvesting device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the proximity switch 8 is arranged, so that the operation depth and the operation process of the water distribution box 41 can be detected, the operation information can be fed back in time, the height data of the water distribution box 41 in the whole harvesting process can be monitored in real time, and then the height data and the angle data are conveyed to the controller to adjust the spraying height and the angle of the spraying unit 4 in time.

The operation of the lotus root harvesting device according to the embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 9.

After the lotus root harvesting device is connected with the traction equipment, the traction equipment drives the lotus root harvesting device to walk.

When the lotus root harvesting device starts to perform harvesting operation, the second driver 53 is driven according to operation conditions, the second driver 53 controls the height of the injection unit 4, the third driver 62 is started, the third driver 62 adjusts the angle of the injection unit 4, the first driver 23 is started later, the first driver 23 drives the support frame 3 to move in the left and right directions through the first chain wheel 21, the second chain wheel 22 and the transmission chain 27, the injection unit 4 moves in the left and right directions along with the support frame 3, then the water source supplies water to the water diversion box 41 by opening the electromagnetic flow valve between the water source and the water diversion box 41, water in the water diversion box 41 sprays water flow into the lotus root pool through the rotary spray head 42, the traction equipment drives the lotus root harvesting device to travel, and the water flow sprayed by the rotary spray head 42 can flush out soil coated on the periphery of the lotus roots in the lotus root pool.

When the injection unit 4 moves left and right under the driving of the transmission chain 27 along with the support frame 3, the first expansion piece on the outer side wall of the water distribution box 41 is in mutual cross fit with the blocking rod 7, so that the water distribution box 41 can also rotate in the process of moving left and right, and water flow ejected by the plurality of rotary spray heads 42 forms annular water flow, so that soil around lotus roots is flushed cleaner.

When the rotation speed of the water distribution box 41 needs to be reduced, the distance between two adjacent arresting bars 7 can be increased, so that the time required for the contact between the first telescopic rod 44 and the arresting bars 7 is increased, and the rotation speed of the water distribution box 41 is reduced, otherwise, when the rotation speed of the water distribution box 41 needs to be increased, the distance between two adjacent arresting bars 7 can be reduced, so that the time required for the contact between the first telescopic rod 44 and the arresting bars 7 is reduced, and the rotation speed of the water distribution box 41 is increased.

When the lotus root harvesting device works, the ultrasonic flowmeter at the water outlet of the water distribution box 41 can measure the parameters such as the flow, the flow speed, the accumulated flow and the temperature of the rotary sprayer 42 in the lotus root harvesting process in real time, and transmits the parameters to the controller, the controller adjusts the movement speed of the spraying unit 4 in the left-right direction by controlling the first driver 23 according to the parameters, can adjust the height of the spraying unit 4 by controlling the second driver 53, and adjusts the angle of the spraying unit 4 relative to the rack 1 by controlling the third driver 62.

The proximity switch 8 at the bottom of the water distribution box 41 can detect the operation depth and the operation process of the water distribution box 41, feed back operation information in time, monitor the height data of the water distribution box 41 in the whole harvesting process in real time, and convey the height data to the controller to adjust the spraying height and angle of the spraying unit 4 in time.

The advantageous effects of the lotus root harvesting device according to the embodiment of the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 10 to 32.

In the euler model, the water phase and the sediment phase are considered as mutually permeable continuous phases, and each point in the calculation domain space is occupied by two fluids with different volume fractions at any time, wherein the two fluids have field variables such as speed, temperature, density and pressure. The Euler model establishes mass, momentum and energy equations for each phase and establishes an interphase interaction model for solving. Because the silt phase is a continuous phase, the model is mainly suitable for simulating occasions with higher silt phase concentration. Wherein the hydrodynamic numerical model control equation:

the water flow phase and the sediment phase are regarded as continuous media, and a water flow continuous equation and a momentum equation which are satisfied by the water flow model plane two-dimensional jet flow are sequentially as follows:

1) The continuous equation:

wherein: q = f, s, representing the water phase and the silt phase, respectively; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") _q Is the volume fraction of each phase; rho _q Is the density of each phase; v. of _q The phase velocities are used.

2) And (4) a momentum equation.

Water flow phase:

silt phase:

wherein: p is water pressure, K _sf ＝K _fs As a coefficient of momentum exchange between phases, S _vs Being the source of the mud-sand phase, p _s The pressure of the silt phase reflects the mutual collision action between particles, tau _q For the shear stress tensor, the expression is

Wherein: mu.s _q For shear viscosity of each phase, lambda _q The bulk viscosity of each phase.

For a water flow-silt mixed flow, the interphase momentum exchange coefficient can be written in the following general form

Wherein: f represents the different model of the exchange coefficient, τ' _s Expressed as the particle relaxation time

μ _f Is the shear viscosity of the aqueous phase.

The improved k-epsilon model increases the mutual influence among phases and the turbulent kinetic energy k of the model _f And a dissipation factor ε _f The equations of (a) are:

in the formula σ _ε To a dissipation ratio epsilon _f Turbulence of (2) Plantt number, C _1ε 、C _2ε Is a constant number of pi _kf 、Π _εf Respectively reflecting the influence of the silt relative to the water phase.

And performing CFD simulation analysis on the established two-dimensional fluid computational domain by adopting fluid mechanics analysis software, wherein the CFD simulation analysis process comprises the following steps: establishing a two-dimensional model of injection simulation by using a Fluent software DM module, drawing an air part and a soil part, dividing a geometric module into phase regions, then carrying out grid division, setting the physical preference of a grid of a fluid region as CFD, setting a solver as FLUENT, and then respectively setting the size, displacement and smoothness of the grid, wherein the setting of the physical quantities can be determined according to the required model precision. The grid type selection program automatically selects the appropriate grid type according to different model characteristics. Gridding the modelAnd dividing to obtain the grid number 52800 and the node number 53261, introducing the two-dimensional model subjected to grid division into fluid mechanics analysis software Fluent, and performing pretreatment, numerical calculation and post-treatment of the jet simulation by using the fluid mechanics analysis software Fluent. ANSYS Fluent software settings: setting the materials of each phase, adopting water and silt as fluid media, wherein the water density is 998kg/m ³ Viscosity 0.001003kg m ^-1 ·s ^-2 Density of silt 2500kg/m ³ Viscosity 10kg · m ^-1 ·s ^-2 The euler multiphase flow turbulence model is used, and the solver is set as a coupled implicit model. The fluid material property is set as water and sediment, then each boundary condition is set, the inlet boundary condition is set as a speed inlet, the inlet working medium material is only water, the water speed value is 15m/s, the outlet is set as a pressure outlet, and the wall surface is set as a non-slip fixed wall surface. Selecting a Coupled algorithm based on pressure-speed coupling as solving control, selecting and adjusting a proper relaxation coefficient, setting a pressure discrete format as a standard mode, setting a momentum discrete format as first-order windward, and setting turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate as first-order windward. And (3) appointing a sediment area at the initial moment, initializing and setting to be mixed initialization, checking whether the initialization is successful, setting a proper monitoring curve, then starting initialization calculation from the jet inlet end, and calculating and converging after reaching a residual error standard to obtain a result. Obtaining the distribution diagram of the velocity vector and the turbulent kinetic energy of the internal flow field for jetting the silt. Wherein the solving process is set as follows: setting an initial condition period T =360 time steps, wherein the water speed v =15m/s, performing simulation analysis on key moments in the period, and selecting speed flow fields and pressures of the time steps at nine moments of T =10, T =50, T =90, T =130, T =170, T =210, T =250, T =290 and T =330 for analysis; at T =130, the speed starts to decay, and at T =210, the eddy current phenomenon starts to occur. The pressure applied to the inlet is relatively large, and the area with the largest pressure is concentrated at the inlet of the nozzle flow passage.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 12 to 28, the water current injected generates a vortex phenomenon in soil, which is advantageous to stir the soil, so that the soil around the lotus roots is better separated from the lotus roots, thereby improving the harvesting efficiency and the cleaning rate of the lotus roots.

As shown in fig. 13 current velocity vector and fig. 14 water flow line orbit, jet stream forms the rivers that disperse to both sides, and rivers are perpendicular downwards, demonstrate the vortex form flow state under driving about of pressure, and this kind of state makes the inside surface cohesive force of earth reduce, reaches the purpose of scattering earth granule, and when the rivers of dispersing flow out, its self energy winding drives the separation of silt, brings out lower floor's silt and destroys earth original structure to improve the efficiency of harvesting and the clean rate of digging of lotus root.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of water velocity vectors of different time steps of a silt horizontal line of a spraying unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 15, the abscissa is a horizontal line coordinate point, where 0.6m is the central axis of the entrance, when the time step length T =10, the horizontal line as a whole changes from a relatively stable state, and as the time step length increases, when the time step length T =50, the horizontal line oscillates largely at various places, as can be seen from the shape of the curve at different moments, when the time step length T =130, the velocity starts to decay, and when T =210, the eddy current phenomenon starts to occur. Its velocity exhibits a tendency to increase and then decrease, and then oscillates within a relatively stable range, which is influenced by the self-characteristics of turbulence. Wherein the relative time range of the start of the vortex can be clearly distinguished by the shape change of the central shaft.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of pressure vectors of different time steps of a sediment horizontal line of a jetting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, when the time step length T =10, the horizontal line changes from the relatively stable state at each point, and as the time step length increases, when the time step length T =50, the maximum oscillation occurs at each point of the horizontal line,

the pressure index rises rapidly, then the pressure at each point decreases relatively regularly overall, and at T =50 to 250, the pressure at the central axis levels off and then rises again.

In order to better explore the scouring effect of the jet unit, a better parameter combination is explored, a reasonable single-factor parameter value range is determined by utilizing finite element simulation analysis and depending on a self-made middle-low pressure hydraulic jet flow comprehensive experiment and detection platform, five-level single-factor experiments are developed, the influence rule of each factor on the evaluation index is analyzed, the orthogonal test water is determined, and the better parameter combination is obtained on the basis of the orthogonal test.

FIG. 17 is a fluid area grid diagram with the spray nozzles of the spray units of an embodiment of the present invention angled at 45 from perpendicular to the ground plane. Setting simulation under different factor levels, verifying by using a medium-low pressure hydraulic jet comprehensive experiment and a detection platform, selecting 5 levels for the nozzle diameter in a range of 2mm-12mm, selecting 5 levels for the incident speed in a range of 10-50m/s, selecting 5 levels for the incident angle in a range of 0-60 degrees, and repeating the experiment for 3 times at each level. In the process of a single-factor simulation test, the fact that when the diameter of a nozzle is 2mm, the scouring depth increases slowly in unit time, the form of an erosion pit cannot meet the agricultural requirements at a low incidence speed, the scouring effect is good when the incidence speed is 10-40m/s, when the nozzle forms an angle of 15-45 degrees with the vertical direction of a ground plane, the scouring width effect is obvious, in the range, the depth of the erosion pit increases steadily in unit time along with the increase of the incidence speed, and the width of the erosion pit also increases steadily in unit time along with the increase of an included angle between the nozzle and the vertical direction of the ground plane.

Fig. 18 is a cloud chart of the movement of silt under different working conditions of the injection unit of the embodiment of the invention. The appearance of the erosion pit can be visually seen from the cloud picture, and the method is favorable for screening a better parameter range in an actual test.

FIG. 27 is a pressure contour cloud chart of the spray unit of the embodiment of the present invention at a nozzle diameter of 8mm, an incident speed of 30m/S, an incident angle of 45 degrees and 0.6S. According to the previous single-factor test, the pressure values when the optimal scouring effect is achieved in the selected working condition range are all smaller than the lotus root damage critical value. According to the related documents, the lower limit value of the compressive strength of the lotus root body is 2.22MPa.

Fig. 28 is a velocity vector cloud chart of the injection unit according to the embodiment of the present invention at a nozzle diameter of 8mm, an incident velocity of 30m/S, an incident angle of 45 °, and a velocity of 0.6S, and it can be clearly found from the velocity vector cloud chart that the motion trajectory regularity of each phase is found, and it can be found from the figure that, as the velocity increases, the volume fraction disturbance degree of the silt phase increases rapidly, and between 0 ° and 45 °, as the included angle between the nozzle and the ground plane increases, the volume fraction disturbance state course of the silt phase increases rapidly, and it can be seen from the combination of the pressure contour cloud charts that, when the incident velocity is 30m/S and the incident angle is 45 °, the jet surface forms alternating positive and negative pressures, resulting in different velocities, and the occurrence of velocity gradients further results in the formation of a socket ring, resulting in the formation of a large socket, and the entrainment effect of the vortex can rapidly wind up the bottom silt, accelerate the adhesion of lotus root and the mud, rapidly and effectively separate the lotus root mud, and accelerate the floating rate.

Combining the test results and analysis of the single-factor test, adopting Box-Behnken test design principle and using the nozzle diameter X ₁ Incident speed X ₂ And angle of incidence X ₃ As independent variable, the depth of scouring Y ₁ And a scouring breadth Y ₂ For the response values, the test factor codes are shown in Table 1, and 17 sets of response surface analysis tests are performed, respectively, as shown in Table 2 (X) ₁ 、X ₂ 、X ₃ Encode values for experimental factors). Design-Expert 8.0.6 software was used for data processing analysis.

TABLE 1 factor coding

Table 1 Factors coding

TABLE 2 results of response surface analysis

Table 2 Response surface analysis results

Scouring depth Y with Design-Expert 8.0.6 software ₁ And the scouring width Y ₂ Carrying out variance analysis of regression models to respectively obtain Y ₁ And Y ₂ The quadratic regression model is

TABLE 3 regression equation analysis of variance

Variance analysis of regression equation

As can be seen from Table 3, P of the regression model is less than 0.001, indicating that the regression model is extremely significant; the mismatching item P is more than 0.05, the mismatching is not obvious, the quadratic regression equation fitted by the model is consistent with the reality, and the qualification rate Y can be correctly reflected ₁ And X ₁ 、X ₂ 、X ₃ The regression model can better predict various test results in the optimization test. Wherein for the depth of the flush, the first term X of the model ₁ 、X ₂ 、X ₃ The influence is extremely obvious, the other influences are not obvious, and for the scouring breadth, the first-order term X of the model ₂ 、X ₃ The effect was very significant, the remaining effects were not significant. According to the regression coefficients of the factors of the two formulas, the primary and secondary sequence influencing the scouring depth and the scouring width is X ₃ ＞X ₂ ＞X ₁ ，

The nozzle diameter X can be obtained by processing the data through Design-Expert8.0 ₁ Angle of incidence X ₂ Incident velocity X ₃ The influence on the flush depth influences the response curves as shown in fig. 23 and 24. The shape of the response curved surface can reflect the strength of interaction of the interaction factors, and the graph shows that the influence of the incident speed on the scouring depth is extremely obvious, and the scouring depth is increased along with the increase of the incident speed under different nozzle diameters. When a certain included angle exists between the nozzle and the ground plane, the wall-attached jet flow can be generated, and the wall-attached jet flow can generate flow shear stress to the wall surface in the advancing process and is a main power source for jet flow scouring. The change in the angle between the nozzle and the vertical to the ground has a greater effect on the depth of erosion for smaller nozzle diameters, since smaller angles of incidence can be better focused for smaller nozzle diametersWell jet energy reduces energy loss, reaches better scouring depth, when incident angle increases, if speed can not increase, owing to there is the coanda effect, along with incident angle's increase, under less nozzle diameter, scouring depth is because the shear stress increase of horizontal direction, and the impact force of vertical direction is less, causes scouring depth less, when incident speed increases, from free jet district to a section distance department behind the impact bed surface, this region has the high conversion of jet energy, mechanics and flow characteristic are complicated: the jet kinetic energy is firstly quickly converted into pressure potential energy when contacting with mud surface, and then is gradually converted into wall-attached jet kinetic energy from the pressure potential energy in the process of diffusing along the wall surface to the periphery, so that the local pressure of the bed surface is higher, the flow velocity also can generate violent turbulence when the jet diffuses along the wall surface and is mixed with the surrounding water body, and the pressure contour line cloud picture shows that the staggered positive and negative pressures are formed on the surface of the jet, so that different speeds are formed, the pit ring formation is further caused by the speed gradient, and a large pit is formed. Similarly, it can be seen that the influence of the incident speed on the scouring width is very obvious, the influence of the incident angle on the scouring width is obvious, the backflow phenomenon can occur under the condition of low speed in the test process, the secondary burying of the lotus roots can be caused under the condition, the harvesting of the lotus roots is not facilitated, and the optimal parameters for screening out the lotus roots by the comprehensive simulation test and the medium-low pressure hydraulic jet comprehensive test are 8mm in nozzle diameter, 30m/s in incident speed and 45 degrees in incident angle. Under the scheme, the scouring depth can reach 0.85m, the scouring width is 1.4m, and the harvesting agronomic requirements of the lotus roots can be met.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the second feature or the first and second features may be indirectly contacting each other through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a lotus root harvesting device which characterized in that includes:

a frame;

the first driving unit comprises a first driving assembly and a supporting frame, the supporting frame is connected with the rack, the supporting frame can move in the length direction of the rack, the first driving assembly is connected with the rack, and the first driving assembly is used for driving the supporting frame to reciprocate in the length direction of the rack;

the spraying unit is connected with the supporting frame and comprises a water distribution box and a plurality of rotary spray heads, one end of the water distribution box is communicated with a water source, the rotary spray heads are respectively communicated with the other end of the water distribution box, and the rotary spray heads are arranged on the water distribution box at intervals;

one end of the lifting assembly is connected with the supporting frame, and the other end of the lifting assembly is connected with the water distribution box so that the lifting assembly drives the spraying unit to move in the height direction of the rack;

the second driving component comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with the supporting frame and can rotate relative to the supporting frame, the lifting component is connected with the rotating shaft, the second driving component drives the lifting component and the spraying unit to swing around the rotating shaft,

the spraying unit also comprises a rotary joint, the rotary joint is connected with the water distribution box, one end of the rotary joint is communicated with a water source, the other end of the rotary joint is communicated with the water distribution box, the water distribution box can rotate relative to the rack, the spraying unit also comprises a plurality of first telescopic rods, the plurality of first telescopic rods are respectively connected with the outer side wall surface of the water distribution box, and the plurality of first telescopic rods are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the water distribution box,

the lotus root harvesting device further comprises a plurality of blocking rods, the blocking rods are respectively connected with the rack, the blocking rods are arranged in the length direction of the rack at intervals, the blocking rods and the first telescopic rods are alternately arranged in the length direction of the rack, and the water distribution box is driven to rotate by the blocking rods and the first telescopic rods in a matched mode when the water distribution box reciprocates in the length direction of the rack.

2. The lotus root harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the first driving unit comprises a first sprocket, a second sprocket and a first driver, the first driver is connected with the frame, the first sprocket and the second sprocket are spaced apart in the length direction of the frame, the first sprocket and the second sprocket are rotatable relative to the frame, the first sprocket is connected with the first driver, the first sprocket and the second sprocket are connected through a transmission chain, and the support frame is connected with the transmission chain.

3. The lotus root harvesting device of claim 2, wherein the first driving unit further comprises a first guide rod, two ends of the first guide rod are respectively connected with the frame, the first guide rod extends along the length direction of the frame, the first guide rod penetrates through the support frame, and the support frame is movable on the first guide rod along the length direction of the frame.

4. The lotus root harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the lifting assembly comprises a first mounting plate, a mounting seat, a second driver, a first connecting plate and a second guide rod, the first mounting plate is connected with the rotating shaft, the mounting seat is connected with the first mounting plate, one end of the second guide rod is connected with the first connecting plate, the other end of the second guide rod is connected with the water diversion box, one end of the second driver is connected with the first connecting plate, the other end of the second driver is connected with the mounting seat, and the second driver can extend or retract in the height direction of the rack so as to drive the water diversion box to move in the height direction of the rack through the second guide rod.

5. The lotus root harvesting device of claim 4, wherein the lifting assembly further comprises a guide base, the guide base is connected with the first mounting plate, the second guide rod is arranged in the guide base in a penetrating mode, and the second guide rod is movable relative to the guide base.

6. The lotus root harvesting device according to claim 4, wherein the second driving assembly comprises a third driver and a limiting seat, the third driver is connected with the support frame, an output shaft of the third driver is connected with the rotating shaft, the third driver is used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, the limiting seat is connected with the support frame, a first limiting groove and a second limiting groove which are communicated with each other are arranged on the limiting seat, the first limiting groove extends along the height direction of the rack, the second limiting groove extends along the width direction of the rack, a limiting pin is arranged on the second guide rod, and the limiting pin is matched in the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove.

7. The lotus root harvesting device of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising an ultrasonic flow meter connected to the knock out box and located at an outlet of the knock out box.

8. The lotus root harvesting device of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising a proximity switch connected to a bottom surface of the knock out box.