CN114425339B - Carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanocomposite and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanocomposite and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114425339B CN114425339B CN202011055652.7A CN202011055652A CN114425339B CN 114425339 B CN114425339 B CN 114425339B CN 202011055652 A CN202011055652 A CN 202011055652A CN 114425339 B CN114425339 B CN 114425339B
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- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OBWXQDHWLMJOOD-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O OBWXQDHWLMJOOD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citric acid monohydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002303 citric acid monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001941 electron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B01J35/23—
-
- B01J35/33—
-
- B01J35/393—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
- C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
- C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
- C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
- C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
- C07C209/365—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst by reduction with preservation of halogen-atoms in compounds containing nitro groups and halogen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Abstract
The invention provides a carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanocomposite, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a carbon matrix and hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanoparticles loaded on the carbon matrix, wherein the carbon matrix is doped with hydrogen and oxygen, and a spectrum peak exists in a combination energy range of 287 eV-290 eV in a C1s X ray photoelectron spectrum of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite has excellent catalytic performance, can be applied to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, catalytic hydrogenation reaction, electrocatalytic reaction and other reactions, and has good catalytic effect. And the preparation process of the nanocomposite is simple, low in cost, environment-friendly, suitable for large-scale industrial production, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanocomposite, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
For transition metal nanomaterials, the catalytic activity of the metal nanomaterials has a close relationship with the crystal structure. Such as metallic cobalt (Co), exist predominantly in both hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and face centered cubic (fcc) phases. The research shows that the catalytic activity of hcp-Co in the reactions of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, electrolysis of water to produce oxygen and the like is higher than that of fcc-Co. Therefore, the rational regulation of the crystal structure of the metal Co nano material has important significance for improving the catalytic activity of the Co-based catalyst.
Wen et al (Powder Technology,2014, 264:128-132.) in CoSO 4 The preparation method comprises the steps of taking Co source, hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent, CTAB as a surfactant and sodium citrate as a complexing agent, regulating pH by NaOH, and preparing hcp-Co with the assembled morphology of the nano-sheet by using a liquid phase reduction method. Because hydrazine hydrate which is easy to explode is used in the preparation process and CTAB is easy to remain on the surface of the metal nano material, development of a more green and efficient preparation method is necessary. Li et al (Applied Catalysis B: environmental 2020, 266:118621) prepared Co by hydrothermal method 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] 2 The precursor is then pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ to prepare the N-doped carbon-coated hcp-Co nanocomposite. The method also uses surfactant in the precursor preparation process, and Co 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] 2 The yield is limited.
It can be seen that there is still a lack of a green, simple, low cost method for preparing carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite in the art, which is also a difficulty in the art.
It is noted that the information disclosed in the foregoing background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect of the prior art, and provides a carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt (hcp-Co) nanocomposite and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems of complex preparation process, high cost, limited yield and the like of the conventional hcp-Co material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanocomposite, which comprises a carbon matrix and hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanoparticles loaded on the carbon matrix, wherein the carbon matrix is doped with hydrogen and oxygen, and a spectrum peak exists in a binding energy range of 287 eV-290 eV in a C1s X ray photoelectron spectrum of the nanocomposite.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nanocomposite comprises, in terms of 2 θ degrees (°), an X-ray diffraction characteristic peak comprising: 41.62 + -0.10, 44.55+ -0.20, 47.46 + -0.10, 75.92 + -0.16.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the carbon content is 15-40%, the oxygen content is 7-24%, the hydrogen content is 1-4% and the cobalt content is 40-75% based on the total mass of the nanocomposite.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the average particle size of the hexagonal close-packed phase cobalt nanoparticles is 15nm to 100nm, preferably 20nm to 80nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nanocomposite, which comprises the following steps: mixing a cobalt source, an organic carboxylic acid free of nitrogen and an alkali metal salt to prepare a precursor; and pyrolyzing the precursor in an inert atmosphere at 350-500 ℃ to obtain the nanocomposite.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the pyrolysis is preferably 380 ℃ to 480 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of preparing the precursor comprises: placing a cobalt source, organic carboxylic acid without nitrogen and alkali metal salt in a solvent, heating and stirring to form a homogeneous solution, and removing the solvent to obtain a precursor; or placing cobalt source and organic carboxylic acid without nitrogen in solvent, heating and stirring to form homogeneous solution, and mixing the solid after removing solvent with alkali metal salt to obtain precursor.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cobalt source is selected from one or more of cobalt hydroxide, cobalt carbonate, basic cobalt carbonate and cobalt acetate, and the non-nitrogen containing organic acid carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, gluconic acid and trimesic acid.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the alkali metal salt is selected from one or more of sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the molar ratio of the cobalt source, the carboxyl group in the organic carboxylic acid and the alkali metal salt is 1 (2-8): 0.005-40.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the solvent is selected from one or more of water, alcohols and N, N-dimethylformamide, and the temperature of heating and stirring is 30-150 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, pyrolysis comprises: heating the precursor to a constant temperature section in an inert atmosphere, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section; wherein the heating rate is 0.5-20 ℃/min, the temperature of the constant temperature section is 350-500 ℃, preferably 380-480 ℃, and the constant temperature time is 10-600 min.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the pyrolysis product is also treated with water.
The invention also provides application of the nanocomposite as a catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, catalytic hydrogenation reaction or electrocatalytic reaction.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the reaction substrate in the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is an organic substance containing a reducible group.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the catalytic hydrogenation reaction, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the reaction substrate is 1:0.1-500, the reaction temperature is 30-250 ℃, and the hydrogen pressure is 0.5-5 MPa.
According to the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanocomposite, a preparation method and application thereof. The nanocomposite has excellent catalytic performance, can be applied to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, catalytic hydrogenation reaction, electrocatalytic reaction and other reactions, and has good catalytic effect. The preparation process of the nanocomposite is simple, the cost is low, the utilization rate of cobalt in the precursor preparation process can reach 100%, no heavy metal-containing wastewater is generated, and compared with the existing preparation method of the hcp-Co composite, the preparation method of the hcp-Co composite is more suitable for large-scale industrial production and has good application prospect.
Drawings
The following drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention.
FIG. 1 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of the nanocomposite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4, respectively;
FIG. 2 is a C1s X ray photoelectron spectrum of the nanocomposite prepared in example 1;
FIGS. 3A and 3B are transmission electron microscopy images at different magnifications of the nanocomposite prepared in example 1, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a C1s X ray photoelectron spectrum of the nanocomposite prepared in example 2;
FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the nanocomposite of example 5;
FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the nanocomposite of example 6;
fig. 7 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of the nanocomposite materials prepared in comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and example 2, respectively.
Detailed Description
The following provides various embodiments or examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention as described herein. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention from that described. The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the precise range or value, and the range or value should be understood to include values close to the range or value. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The terms "hydrogen" and "oxygen" of the present invention refer to hydrogen element and oxygen element, respectively, wherein "hydrogen content" of the nanocomposite refers to the content of hydrogen element and "oxygen content" refers to the content of oxygen element, and specifically, the carbon layer is formed to contain hydrogen element and oxygen element in various forms during the preparation process of the nanocomposite, the "hydrogen content" is the total content of all forms of hydrogen element, and the "oxygen content" is the total content of all forms of oxygen element.
The invention provides a carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanocomposite, which comprises a carbon matrix and hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanoparticles loaded on the carbon matrix, wherein the carbon matrix is doped with hydrogen and oxygen, and a spectrum peak exists in a binding energy range of 287 eV-290 eV in a C1s X ray photoelectron spectrum of the nanocomposite.
According to the invention, the catalytic activity of hexagonal close-packed phase cobalt (hcp-Co) in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, electrolysis of water to produce oxygen and the like is significantly higher than that of face-centered cubic phase cobalt (fcc-Co). However, the existing hcp-Co preparation process is complex, low in yield and high in cost, and limits the application development of the hcp-Co. The inventor of the invention discovers that by regulating and controlling the precursor composition and the pyrolysis condition, the nanocomposite containing the carbon matrix and hcp-Co nano particles loaded on the carbon matrix can be obtained, and the nanocomposite not only has good catalytic activity, but also has the advantages of simple preparation process, environment friendliness and low cost, the utilization rate of cobalt in the precursor preparation process can reach 100 percent, no heavy metal-containing wastewater is generated, and the nanocomposite is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Specifically, the nanocomposite comprises an oxygen-enriched doped carbon matrix and hcp-Co nanoparticles supported on the carbon matrix. The carbon matrix is combined with carboxyl and ester groups, so that in a C1s X ray photoelectron spectrum, a spectrum peak exists at the position of the combination energy of 287 eV-290 eV, and the spectrum peak is different from that of the existing carbon-based hcp-Co material, which shows that the microstructure of the composite material obtained by the special preparation method is substantially different from that of other materials. In addition, the oxygen-containing functional group affects the center electron density of hcp-Co, and the catalytic performance of hcp-Co can be further regulated, so that the material performance is optimized. The material has wide application prospect in the aspects of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, catalytic hydrogenation or electrocatalytic reaction and the like.
In some embodiments, the aforementioned nanocomposite comprises, in terms of 2 θ degrees (°), X-ray diffraction characteristic peaks: 41.62 + -0.10, 44.55+ -0.20, 47.46 + -0.10, 75.92 + -0.16.
In some embodiments, the carbon content is 15% to 40%, e.g., 15%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, etc., the oxygen content is 7% to 24%, e.g., 7%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 20%, etc., the hydrogen content is 1% to 4%, e.g., 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, etc., and the cobalt content is 40% to 75%, e.g., 40%, 45%, 55%, 60%, etc., based on the total mass of the nanocomposite.
In some embodiments, the hexagonal close-packed phase cobalt nanoparticles have an average particle size of 15nm to 100nm, preferably 20nm to 80nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nanocomposite, which comprises the following steps: mixing a cobalt source, an organic carboxylic acid free of nitrogen and an alkali metal salt to prepare a precursor; and pyrolyzing the precursor in an inert atmosphere at 350-500 ℃ to obtain the nanocomposite.
In accordance with the present invention, in early studies, the inventors discovered that carbon-coated transition metal nanocomposites could be obtained by the process of precursor pyrolysis, but wherein the cobalt nanoparticles were essentially fcc-Co in crystalline form. Therefore, the invention discovers that the green, simple and low-cost preparation of the novel carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite rich in oxygen doping can be realized by adding alkali metal salt into specific precursors and controlling the pyrolysis temperature. Compared with the prior art, the method does not need to use an organic solvent and a surfactant, and does not need to introduce combustible reducing gases such as hydrogen and the like in the pyrolysis process, so that the defects of high energy consumption, complex process and the like in the traditional method are overcome, the possibility is brought to industrial mass production, and the method has important significance.
The preparation process of the carbon-based hexagonal close-packed phase cobalt nanocomposite of the present invention is specifically described below.
First, a cobalt source, an organic carboxylic acid containing no nitrogen, and an alkali metal salt are mixed to prepare a precursor.
The steps for preparing the precursor comprise the following steps: placing a cobalt source, organic carboxylic acid without nitrogen and alkali metal salt in a solvent, heating and stirring to form a homogeneous solution, and removing the solvent to obtain a precursor; or placing cobalt source and organic carboxylic acid without nitrogen in solvent, heating and stirring to form homogeneous solution, and mixing the solid after removing solvent with alkali metal salt to obtain precursor. In particular, the solvent removal may be carried out by evaporation of the solvent, the temperature and process of which may be carried out by any of the available techniques, for example spray drying at 80℃to 120℃or drying in an oven. In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from one or more of water, alcohols, and N, N-dimethylformamide, preferably water. The temperature of the heating and stirring is 30℃to 150℃such as 30℃ 50℃ 60℃ 80℃ 100℃120℃130 ℃.
Wherein the cobalt source is selected from one or more of cobalt hydroxide, cobalt carbonate, basic cobalt carbonate and cobalt acetate, and the organic acid carboxylic acid containing no nitrogen is selected from one or more of citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, gluconic acid and trimesic acid. For the present invention, nitrogen cannot be contained in the precursor because the inventors of the present invention found that the addition of the alkali metal salt in the reaction system contributes to the formation of stable hcp-Co, whereas the addition of nitrogen may undergo stronger coordination bond with Co, impairing the effect of the alkali metal to some extent, and thus failing to achieve the effect of forming stable hcp-Co crystal phase.
The alkali metal salt is selected from one or more of sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the preparation of hcp-Co by pyrolysis is relatively difficult, and the inventors of the present invention have found that by adding a certain amount of alkali metal salt as a stabilizer, a stable hcp-Co crystal phase is advantageously formed, and that carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite can be formed in a relatively wide reaction temperature range, i.e., 350℃to 500 ℃.
In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the cobalt source, the carboxyl group in the organic carboxylic acid, and the alkali metal salt is 1 (2-8): (0.005-40), e.g., 1:2:0.01, 1:2:0.1, 1:3:1, 1:3:4, 1:5:10, 1:5:8, 1:3:10, etc. The alkali metal salt content is not too low to obtain hcp-Co, preferably 1 (2-4): 0.01-20.
Further, the precursor is subjected to pyrolysis treatment, wherein the pyrolysis treatment is carried out on the precursor at 350-500 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, so as to obtain the carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt nanocomposite.
The pyrolysis process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the precursor to a constant temperature section in an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section; wherein the heating temperature is increased at a rate of 0.5 ℃ to 20 ℃ per minute, for example, 0.5 ℃ per minute, 1 ℃ per minute, 3 ℃ per minute, 5 ℃ per minute, 10 ℃ per minute, etc., the temperature of the constant temperature section is 350 ℃ to 500 ℃ for example, 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 480 ℃ and the like, preferably 380 ℃ to 480 ℃, and the constant temperature is maintained for a period of 10min to 600min, for example, 10min, 50min, 80min, 100min, 200min, 300min, 350min, 400min, 500min, 600min, etc.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of treating the pyrolyzed product by water washing to remove soluble matters possibly contained in the obtained product, and then filtering and drying to obtain the nanocomposite.
The nanocomposite obtained by the method is loaded with a large amount of hcp-Co on a carbon-based carrier, can be used as a catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, catalytic hydrogenation reaction or electrocatalytic reaction, and has good catalytic effect.
In the example of catalytic hydrogenation, the reaction substrate is an organic substance containing a reducible group. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of catalyst to reaction substrate is 1:0.1-500, the reaction temperature is 30-250 ℃, and the hydrogen pressure is 0.5-5 MPa. Preferably, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the reaction substrate is 1:0.1 to 100, for example, 1:0.1, 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:25, 1:50, 1:80, 1:85, 1:100, etc., the reaction temperature may be 50 to 200 ℃, for example, 50 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 100 ℃, 150 ℃, 200 ℃, etc., and the hydrogen pressure is controlled to 1 to 3MPa, for example, 1MPa, 2MPa, 3MPa, etc.
In conclusion, the nano composite material of the carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt is obtained by using the alkali metal salt as the stabilizer and adopting the pyrolysis precursor method, has excellent catalytic performance, can be applied to reactions such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, catalytic hydrogenation reaction, electrocatalytic reaction and the like, and has good catalytic effect. In addition, the preparation process of the nanocomposite is simple, the cost is low, the utilization rate of cobalt in the precursor preparation process can reach 100%, no heavy metal-containing wastewater is generated, and compared with the existing preparation method of the hcp-Co composite, the preparation method of the hcp-Co composite is more suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but the invention is not limited thereby. The reagents, materials, etc. used in the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Instrument and test
The elements of the material surface were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer used was an ESCALab220i-XL type radiation electron spectroscopy manufactured by VG scientific company and equipped with Avantage V5.926 software, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis test conditions were: the excitation source is monochromized A1K alpha X-ray with power of 330W and basic vacuum of 3X 10 during analysis and test -9 mbar。
Information such as the composition of the material, the structure or morphology of atoms or molecules within the material, and the like is obtained by XRD. The XRD diffractometer is XRD-6000 type X-ray powder diffractometer (Shimadzu Japan), and the XRD test conditions are as follows: cu target, ka radiation (wavelength λ=0.154 nm), tube voltage 40kV, tube current 200mA, scan speed 10 ° (2θ)/min.
The surface topography of the material was characterized by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The model of the adopted high-resolution transmission electron microscope is JEM-2100 (Japanese electronic Co., ltd.) and the testing conditions of the high-resolution transmission electron microscope are as follows: the acceleration voltage was 200kV. The particle size of the nano particles in the sample is measured by an electron microscope picture.
Analysis of three elements of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) was performed on a Elementar Micro Cube elemental analyzer. The specific operation method and conditions are as follows: 1-2mg of sample is weighed in a tin cup, put in an automatic sample feeding disc, put in a combustion tube through a ball valve for combustion, the combustion temperature is 1000 ℃ (in order to remove atmospheric interference during sample feeding, helium purging is adopted), and then reduction copper is used for reducing the burnt gas, carbon dioxide and water. The mixed gas is separated by a desorption column and sequentially enters a TCD detector for detection. The analysis of oxygen element is to convert oxygen in the sample into CO by pyrolysis under the action of a carbon catalyst, and then detect the CO by TCD.
The content of the metal element is normalized after the material is deducted to remove the content of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Example 1
This example is intended to illustrate the preparation of a carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite according to one embodiment of the invention.
1) 10.51g (50 mmol) of citric acid monohydrate, 4.65g (50 mmol) of cobalt hydroxide and 11.69g (200 mmol) of sodium chloride are weighed into 150mL of deionized water, the mixture is stirred at 110 ℃ to obtain a uniform solution, the uniform solution is continuously heated and evaporated to dryness, and the solid is ground to obtain a precursor.
2) And 6g of the precursor obtained in the step 1) is placed in a porcelain boat, then the porcelain boat is placed in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, nitrogen is introduced, the flow is 100mL/min, the temperature is raised to 380 ℃ at the speed of 2.5 ℃/min, the heating is stopped after the temperature is kept constant for 120min, and the porcelain boat is cooled to the room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere.
3) Transferring the composite material in the porcelain boat obtained in the step 2) to a flask, adding 50mL of deionized water, stirring at 60 ℃ for 30min, performing suction filtration, and drying a filter cake at 105 ℃ to obtain the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite.
Characterization of materials:
fig. 1 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of the nanocomposite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4, respectively. Where the a-curve represents the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the nanocomposite of example 1, it can be seen that the diffraction peaks of 2θ=41.60 °, 44.50 °, 44.48 °, 75.86 ° correspond to the (100), (002), (101) and (110) crystal planes of hcp-Co (JCPDF-05-0727). The average particle size of the nickel carbide nanoparticles was 24.5nm, calculated according to the scherrer formula. The content of C in the nano material is 19.71%, the content of H is 1.87%, the content of O is 14.61% and the content of Co after normalization is 63.81% as measured by an elemental analyzer. It can be seen that the nanocomposite is doped with a large amount of oxygen element.
FIG. 2 is a C1s X ray photoelectron spectrum of the nanocomposite prepared in example 1. After the spectrograms are subjected to peak-by-peak fitting, the oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon matrix are mainly hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and ester functional groups, wherein obvious spectral peaks exist at the positions of 287 eV-290 eV. Fig. 3A and 3B are transmission electron microscopy images at different magnifications of the nanocomposite prepared in example 1, respectively. From FIG. 3A, it can be seen that hcp-Co is dispersed on the support carbon; it can be seen from fig. 3B that the outer layer of hcp-Co nanoparticles is coated with a graphitized carbon layer.
Example 2
This example is intended to illustrate the preparation of a carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite according to another embodiment of the invention.
1) The precursor was prepared as in example 1.
2) Placing 6g of the precursor in the step 1) in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 400 ℃ at a speed of 2.5 ℃/min at a flow rate of 100mL/min, keeping the temperature for 120min, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere.
3) Transferring the composite material in the porcelain boat obtained in the step 2) to a flask, adding 50mL of deionized water, stirring at 60 ℃ for 30min, performing suction filtration, and drying a filter cake at 105 ℃ to obtain the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite.
Characterization of materials:
see curve b of fig. 1, which represents the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the nanocomposite of example 2. Similarly to example 1, the diffraction peaks for hcp-Co are also present in the figure. The average particle size of the hcp-Co nanoparticles was 23.1nm, calculated according to the Shellac formula.
FIG. 4 is a C1s X ray photoelectron spectrum of the nanocomposite prepared in example 2. After the spectrogram is subjected to peak-by-peak fitting, the oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon matrix are mainly hydroxyl, carboxyl and ester functional groups, and obvious spectral peaks exist at the positions with the binding energy of 287 eV-290 eV.
Example 3
This example is intended to illustrate the preparation of a carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite according to another embodiment of the invention.
1) The precursor was prepared as in example 1.
2) Placing 6g of the precursor in the step 1) in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 420 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min at a flow rate of 100mL/min, keeping the temperature for 120min, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere.
3) Transferring the composite material in the porcelain boat obtained in the step 2) to a flask, adding 50mL of deionized water, stirring at 60 ℃ for 20min, performing suction filtration, and drying a filter cake at 105 ℃ to obtain the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite material.
Characterization of materials:
see curve c of fig. 1, which represents the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the nanocomposite of example 3. Similarly to example 1, the diffraction peaks for hcp-Co are also present in the figure. The average particle size of the hcp-Co nanoparticles was 21.8nm, calculated according to the Shellac formula. The content of C in the nano material is 18.45%, the content of H is 1.75%, the content of O is 13.28% and the content of Co after normalization is 66.52% as measured by an elemental analyzer.
Example 4
This example is intended to illustrate the preparation of a carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite according to another embodiment of the invention.
1) The precursor was prepared as in example 1.
2) Placing 6g of the precursor in the step 1) in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 450 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 120min, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere.
3) Transferring the composite material in the porcelain boat obtained in the step 2) to a flask, adding 50mL of deionized water, stirring at 60 ℃ for 20min, performing suction filtration, and drying a filter cake at 105 ℃ to obtain the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite material.
See d-curve of fig. 1, which represents the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the nanocomposite of example 4. Similarly to example 1, the diffraction peaks for hcp-Co are also present in the figure.
Example 5
This example is intended to illustrate the preparation of a carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite according to another embodiment of the invention.
1) The precursor was prepared as in example 1, except that 0.146g (2.5 mmol) of sodium chloride was added.
2) Placing 6g of the precursor in the step 1) in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 400 ℃ at a speed of 2.5 ℃/min at a flow rate of 100mL/min, keeping the temperature for 120min, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere.
3) Transferring the composite material in the porcelain boat obtained in the step 2) to a flask, adding 50mL of deionized water, stirring at 60 ℃ for 20min, performing suction filtration, and drying a filter cake at 105 ℃ to obtain the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite material.
Fig. 5 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the nanocomposite of example 5. Similar to example 1, there is also a diffraction peak for hcp-Co in the figure, indicating that low levels of sodium chloride promote hcp-Co formation.
Example 6
This example is intended to illustrate the preparation of a carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite according to another embodiment of the invention.
1) The precursor was prepared as in example 1, except that 29.22g (500 mmol) of sodium chloride was added.
2) Placing 18g of the precursor in the step 1) in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 400 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min at a flow rate of 100mL/min, keeping the temperature for 120min, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere.
3) Transferring the composite material in the porcelain boat obtained in the step 2) to a flask, adding 50mL of deionized water, stirring at 60 ℃ for 20min, performing suction filtration, and drying a filter cake at 105 ℃ to obtain the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite material.
FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the nanocomposite of example 6. Similar to example 1, the diffraction peaks for hcp-Co are also present, indicating that higher levels of sodium chloride also promote hcp-Co formation.
Comparative example 1
Nanocomposite materials were prepared by the method of example 2, except that 4.20g (50 mmol) dicyandiamide was also added to the precursor.
Comparative example 2
Nanocomposite materials were prepared by the method of example 2, except that no sodium chloride was added to the precursor.
Fig. 7 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of the nanocomposite materials prepared in comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and example 2, respectively. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that neither comparative example 1 nor comparative example 2 can produce carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite.
Therefore, the components of the precursor need to be reasonably regulated and controlled, alkali metal salt is used as a stabilizer to promote the formation of hcp-Co, and the precursor contains nitrogen or the precursor does not contain alkali metal salt, so that the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite cannot be obtained.
Application example 1
This application example is used to illustrate the reaction of the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite of example 1 of the present invention as a catalyst to catalyze nitrobenzene hydrogenation.
100mg of the composite material, 2mmol of nitrobenzene and 27mL of isopropanol and 3mL of water were added to a reaction vessel, and H was introduced 2 After 4 times of replacement, the pressure in the reaction kettle is maintained to be 1.0MPa, and the air inlet valve is closed. Stirring, heating to 120 deg.C, starting timing, and continuously reversingStopping heating after 75min, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening the reaction kettle, and taking out the product for chromatographic analysis. Reactant conversion and target product selectivity were calculated by the following formulas:
conversion = mass of reacted reactant/amount of reactant added x 100%
Selectivity = target product mass/reaction product mass x 100%
After analysis, the conversion of nitrobenzene was 100% and the selectivity of aniline was 100%.
Application example 2
This application example is used to illustrate the reaction of the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite of example 2 of the present invention as a catalyst to catalyze nitrobenzene hydrogenation.
100mg of the composite material, 2mmol of nitrobenzene and 27mL of isopropanol and 3mL of water were added to a reaction vessel, and H was introduced 2 After 4 times of replacement, the pressure in the reaction kettle is maintained to be 1.0MPa, and the air inlet valve is closed. Stirring, heating to 120 ℃, starting timing, continuously reacting for 60min, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening the reaction kettle, and taking out the product for chromatographic analysis. Reactant conversion and target product selectivity were calculated by the following formulas:
conversion = mass of reacted reactant/amount of reactant added x 100%
Selectivity = target product mass/reaction product mass x 100%
After analysis, the conversion of nitrobenzene was 100% and the selectivity of aniline was 100%.
Application example 3
This application example is used to illustrate the reaction of the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite of example 3 of the present invention as a catalyst to catalyze nitrobenzene hydrogenation.
100mg of the composite material, 2mmol of nitrobenzene and 27mL of isopropanol and 3mL of water were added to a reaction vessel, and H was introduced 2 After 4 times of replacement, the pressure in the reaction kettle is maintained to be 1.0MPa, and the air inlet valve is closed. Stirring, heating to 120 ℃, starting timing, continuously reacting for 55min, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening the reaction kettle, and taking out the product for chromatographic analysis. The reactant conversion and the purpose are calculated by the following formulasProduct selectivity:
conversion = mass of reacted reactant/amount of reactant added x 100%
Selectivity = target product mass/reaction product mass x 100%
After analysis, the conversion of nitrobenzene was 100% and the selectivity of aniline was 100%.
Application example 4
This application example is for illustrating the reaction of the carbon-based hcp-Co nanocomposite of example 1 of the present invention as a catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation of p-nitrochlorobenzene.
100mg of the composite material, 2mmol of p-nitrochlorobenzene, 27mL of isopropanol and 3mL of water were added to a reaction vessel, and H was introduced 2 After 4 times of replacement, the pressure in the reaction kettle is maintained to be 1.0MPa, and the air inlet valve is closed. Stirring, heating to 120 ℃, starting timing, continuously reacting for 60min, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening the reaction kettle, and taking out the product for chromatographic analysis. Reactant conversion and target product selectivity were calculated by the following formulas:
conversion = mass of reacted reactant/amount of reactant added x 100%
Selectivity = target product mass/reaction product mass x 100%
After analysis, p-nitrochlorobenzene was obtained at a conversion of 100% and p-chloroaniline selectivity of 99.0%.
Comparative example 1 was used
This application example is used to illustrate the reaction of the nanocomposite of comparative example 2 of the present invention as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.
100mg of the composite material, 2mmol of nitrobenzene and 27mL of isopropanol and 3mL of water were added to a reaction vessel, and H was introduced 2 After 4 times of replacement, the pressure in the reaction kettle is maintained to be 1.0MPa, and the air inlet valve is closed. Stirring, heating to 120 ℃, starting timing, continuously reacting for 60min, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening the reaction kettle, and taking out the product for chromatographic analysis. Reactant conversion and target product selectivity were calculated by the following formulas:
conversion = mass of reacted reactant/amount of reactant added x 100%
Selectivity = target product mass/reaction product mass x 100%
After analysis, nitrobenzene conversion was only 22.6% and aniline selectivity was 100%.
As can be seen from application examples 1-4 and comparative application example 1, the nanocomposite of the carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt of the invention is used as a catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation reaction, and has quite good catalytic activity and selectivity, but the catalyst prepared by the method of the invention is not used, so that the product conversion rate is lower and the effect is poor.
In summary, the nanocomposite material comprising a carbon matrix and hcp-Co nanoparticles supported thereon is obtained by a method of pyrolyzing a metal salt precursor by adjusting the precursor composition and pyrolysis conditions. Compared with the traditional preparation process of the carbon-based hcp-Co composite material, the method has the advantages of being green, simple, low in cost and the like, and the obtained material has good application prospects in catalytic hydrogenation reaction, electrocatalytic reaction and the like as a catalyst.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein are merely exemplary and that various other alternatives, modifications and improvements may be made within the scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but only by the claims.
Claims (16)
1. The nano composite material of the carbon-based hexagonal close-packed cobalt is characterized by comprising a carbon matrix and hexagonal close-packed cobalt nano particles loaded on the carbon matrix, wherein the carbon matrix is doped with hydrogen and oxygen, and a spectrum peak exists in a binding energy range of 287 eV-290 eV in a C1s X ray photoelectron spectrum of the nano composite material;
the preparation method of the nanocomposite comprises the following steps:
mixing a cobalt source, an organic carboxylic acid free of nitrogen and an alkali metal salt to prepare a precursor; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
And pyrolyzing the precursor at 350-500 ℃ in an inert atmosphere to obtain the nanocomposite.
2. The nanocomposite of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite comprises, in terms of degrees 2Θ (°), an X-ray diffraction characteristic peak comprising: 41.62 + -0.10, 44.55+ -0.20, 47.46 + -0.10, 75.92 + -0.16.
3. The nanocomposite of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite comprises, based on the total mass of the nanocomposite, 15% -40% carbon, 7% -24% oxygen, 1% -4% hydrogen, and 40% -75% cobalt.
4. The nanocomposite of claim 1, wherein the hexagonal close-packed phase cobalt nanoparticles have an average particle size of 15nm to 100nm.
5. A method for preparing the nanocomposite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
mixing a cobalt source, an organic carboxylic acid free of nitrogen and an alkali metal salt to prepare a precursor; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
And pyrolyzing the precursor at 350-500 ℃ in an inert atmosphere to obtain the nanocomposite.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of preparing the precursor comprises:
placing the cobalt source, the organic carboxylic acid without nitrogen and the alkali metal salt in a solvent, heating and stirring to form a homogeneous solution, and removing the solvent to obtain the precursor; or (b)
And placing the cobalt source and the organic carboxylic acid without nitrogen in a solvent, heating and stirring to form a homogeneous solution, and mixing the solid after removing the solvent with the alkali metal salt to obtain the precursor.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the cobalt source is selected from one or more of cobalt hydroxide, cobalt carbonate, basic cobalt carbonate, and cobalt acetate, and the non-nitrogen containing organic acid carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, and trimesic acid.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the alkali metal salt is selected from one or more of sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the molar ratio of the cobalt source, the carboxyl group in the organic carboxylic acid, and the alkali metal salt is 1 (2-8): 0.005-40.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of water, alcohols and N, N-dimethylformamide, and the temperature of the heating and stirring is 30 ℃ to 150 ℃.
11. The method of claim 5, wherein the pyrolyzing comprises: heating the precursor to a constant temperature section in an inert atmosphere, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section;
the heating rate is 0.5-20 ℃/min, the temperature of the constant temperature section is 350-500 ℃, and the constant temperature time is 10-600 min.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the temperature of the thermostatic segment is 380 ℃ to 480 ℃.
13. The method of claim 5, further comprising treating the pyrolyzed product with water.
14. Use of the nanocomposite according to any one of claims 1-4 as a catalyst in fischer-tropsch synthesis reactions, catalytic hydrogenation reactions or electrocatalytic reactions.
15. The use according to claim 14, characterized in that the reaction substrate in the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is an organic substance containing a reducible group.
16. The use according to claim 15, wherein in the catalytic hydrogenation reaction, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the reaction substrate is 1:0.1-500, the reaction temperature is 30-250 ℃, and the hydrogen pressure is 0.5-5 mpa.
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| CN111468126A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Carbon-coated transition metal nanocomposite containing alkali metal, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111468117A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Carbon-coated transition metal nanocomposite containing alkaline earth metal and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN109304476A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Carbon coating transition metal nanocomposite and its preparation method and application |
| CN111468126A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Carbon-coated transition metal nanocomposite containing alkali metal, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111468117A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Carbon-coated transition metal nanocomposite containing alkaline earth metal and preparation method and application thereof |
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