CN114410933B - Carburized layer depth increasing method based on pre-shot blasting - Google Patents
Carburized layer depth increasing method based on pre-shot blasting Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a carburized layer depth increasing method based on pre-shot blasting, and belongs to the technical field of machining. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: designing and determining shot blasting process parameters, preparing the shot blasting strength of the Almen test piece, confirming the process parameters, confirming the time required by the shot blasting strength and the shot blasting coverage rate according to an arc height and time relation curve measured by the Almen test piece, carrying out corresponding shot blasting treatment, and carrying out heat treatment process treatments such as carburizing, nitriding, quenching, tempering and the like on the parts subjected to the pre-shot blasting treatment. The method can greatly improve the depth of the hardened layer and generate certain hardness improving effect on the surface, thereby effectively increasing the heat treatment effect and providing technical support for anti-fatigue design and manufacture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a carburized layer depth increasing method based on pre-shot blasting.
Background
The high-speed development of high-end equipment such as aviation, aerospace, high-speed carrying, new energy automobiles and naval vessels puts severe requirements on the transmission performance, service state and fatigue life of basic transmission parts such as gears and bearings, and the technical level of the basic transmission parts determines the performance of the whole machine. A base member represented by a gear or the like is mainly subject to gear contact fatigue failure, bending fatigue failure, gluing failure, and the like. The failure is mainly related to the surface integrity parameters, wherein the surface hardness and the hardened layer thickness are used as one of the main factors of the surface integrity parameters, the characteristics of the surface integrity parameters have significant influence on the contact fatigue life, the bending fatigue life and the failure mode of the gear, and the design disadvantage of the hardened layer directly results in insufficient life and reliability.
To obtain sufficient surface and core hardness, some surface treatment and heat treatment are often used to prevent failure of the component due to insufficient hardness. Surface hardening heat treatment processes such as carburizing, nitriding, induction quenching, and the like are widely used for machining and manufacturing transmission parts such as gears, bearings, crankshafts, and the like. However, the heat treatment has the problems of insufficient depth of an effective hardening layer, difficult control of processing deformation, low efficiency and the like, and a plurality of heat treatment improvement technologies and surface treatment composite heat treatment processing technologies are generated along with the heat treatment. Shot blasting is an effective treatment method for mechanical surface strengthening cold machining process after heat treatment, and is widely applied to transmission parts such as gears, bearings, crankshafts and the like due to the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost and the like. The shot blasting before the heat treatment can lead the surface of the part to generate grain refinement, metallographic transformation and surface appearance change, thereby promoting the efficiencies of carburization, nitridation and the like, improving the depth of a hardened layer, being used as a pre-process before the heat treatment and further improving the heat treatment effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for increasing the depth of carburized layer based on pre-shot blasting, which can effectively increase the depth and surface hardness of carburized/nitrided layer, and the process operation is simple and practical.
The invention relates to a carburized layer depth increasing method based on pre-shot blasting, which comprises the following steps of:
step (1): designing and determining the parameters of the shot blasting process;
step (2): preparing the shot blasting strength of the Almen test piece, and confirming process parameters;
and (3): according to the relation curve between the arc height measured by the Almen test piece and the time, confirming the shot blasting intensity and the time required by shot blasting coverage, and carrying out corresponding shot blasting treatment;
and (4): and (4) performing carburizing, heat preservation, high-temperature tempering, quenching and low-temperature tempering heat treatment on the parts subjected to the pre-shot blasting treatment in the step (3).
Preferably, 0.6mm steel wire cut shots are selected as shot blasting media in the step (1), the shot blasting strength is 0.60mmA, and the shot blasting coverage rate is 200%;
preferably, the shot blasting treatment in the step (2) is carried out by using a pneumatic shot blasting machine, wherein the jet distance is 150mm, the shot blasting air pressure is 0.6MPa, and the shot blasting flow rate is 30kg/mim;
preferably, step (3) wherein the equation of the curve of arc height versus time is as follows:
h＝a(1-e -bt )
wherein h represents an arc height value, a and b are equation constants, and t is shot blasting time;
h s ＝0.9a
wherein h is s The value is the saturation arc height, namely the shot blasting strength;
wherein T is s Time to reach the saturation arc height.
Preferably, the time required for shot blasting in the step (3) is 48s.
Preferably, the carburizing treatment in step (4) includes:
(a) Feeding into a furnace, wherein the temperature is 820 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.8 +/-0.1 percent, and the treatment time is 40min;
(b) Performing strong carburizing treatment, namely treating for 25min at 925 ℃ by adopting the carbon potential of 1 +/-0.05%, and then treating for 340min at 925 +/-5 ℃ by adopting the carbon potential of 1.28 +/-0.05%;
(c) And (3) diffusion carburization, wherein the carburization temperature is kept unchanged at 925 ℃, the treatment carbon potential is 0.78 +/-0.05%, and the treatment time is 155min.
Preferably, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation treatment in the step (4) is 35min, and the heat preservation temperature is 860 ℃.
Preferably, the high-temperature tempering treatment in the step (4) is carried out at 640 ℃ for 180min.
Preferably, the quenching temperature in the step (4) is 860 ℃ and the time is 30min.
Preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature tempering treatment in the step (4) is 180 ℃, and the treatment time is up to 180min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the application carries out the peening preliminary treatment before carburization thermal treatment, can make the sclerosis layer degree of depth promote by a wide margin to the surface produces certain hardness and promotes the effect, thereby effectual increase heat treatment effect provides technical support for antifatigue design and manufacturing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the processing of comparative example 1 and the processing of parts of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of shot strength versus shot time;
FIG. 3 is a temperature profile of the heat treatment process of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing hardness gradients measured in example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is an effective depth of a hardened layer measured in example 1 and comparative example 1;
fig. 6 shows the measured surface hardness of example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A carburized layer depth increasing method based on pre-shot blasting.
Taking the carburizing effect of the AISI 9310 disc roller as an example, the influence of different shot blasting pretreatment processes on the depth and the surface hardness of a carburized layer is researched, and the method comprises the following steps:
step (1): design and determination of blasting process parameters
And designing the parameters of the shot blasting process according to the actual shot blasting process of the part.
Referring to the standard "SAE AMS-S-13165, 1997", 0.6mm steel wire cut shots were selected as shot blasting media with a shot strength of 0.60mmA and shot coverage of 200%.
Step (2): preparing the shot blasting strength of the Almen test piece and confirming the technological parameters
Carrying out shot blasting treatment by using a pneumatic shot blasting machine, firstly adjusting shot blasting equipment according to the distance between a spray gun and a part, then adopting a spraying distance of 150mm, then adopting a proper Almen test piece clamp, carrying out shot blasting flow and technological parameter debugging, and selecting the shot blasting pressure to be 0.6MPa and the shot blasting flow to be 30kg/mim;
and (3): according to the relation curve of the arc height and the time measured by the Almen test piece, confirming the shot blasting intensity and the time required by shot blasting coverage rate, and carrying out corresponding shot blasting treatment;
and (4) debugging the shot blasting process parameters for multiple times according to the confirmed shot blasting machine process parameters, drawing an arc height-time curve, and calculating the part coverage rate time according to the time required for reaching the saturation intensity. .
Shot strength-shot time curves are shown in FIG. 2, from which shot time is determined, and calculation of shot strength and saturated shot time equations from arc height values is described in terms of "Effect of shot influencing on Surface integration of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel", J.Wu, P.Wei, H.Liu, B.Zhang, G.Tao, surface & Coatings Technology,127194,2021 "(" impact of shot strength on Surface integrity of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel ", J.Wu, P.Wei, H.Liu, B.Zhang, G.Tao, surface & Coatings Technology,127194,2021, surface and coating Technology, 127194), where the equations for arc height values-time curves are shown below:
h＝a(1-e -bt )
wherein h represents an arc height value, a and b are both equation constants, and t is shot blasting time;
h s ＝0.9a
wherein h is s The value is the saturation arc height value, namely the shot blasting strength;
wherein T is s Time to reach saturation arc height;
the time for the process parameters to reach the saturation intensity in the shot blasting machine is 24s by calculation through the formula according to the saturation shot blasting intensity of 0.6 mmA.
The surface hardness of the AISI 9310 pinion steel after rough machining in this example was about 300HV, which was consistent with the hardness of the standard Almen test piece, and the time taken for the shot to reach the saturation strength was 24s according to the arc height curve, and the time taken for the shot to reach 100% coverage was also 24s. I.e. the time to reach the required 200% coverage is 48s. After all the process parameters are confirmed, the shot blasting treatment is carried out on the parts to achieve the designed shot blasting process parameters.
And 4, performing heat treatment process treatment such as carburizing, quenching and tempering on the parts subjected to the pre-shot blasting treatment in the step 3, wherein the specific process is shown in fig. 3.
Wherein, the temperature of the first stepping furnace is 820 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.8 +/-0.1 percent, and the processing time is 40min; and secondly, performing strong carburizing treatment, namely treating for 25min at 925 ℃ by adopting the carbon potential of 1 +/-0.05%, and then treating for 340min at 925 +/-5 ℃ by adopting the carbon potential of 1.28 +/-0.05%, so as to ensure that the strong carburizing process can be smoothly performed. And the third step is diffusion carburization, the carburization temperature is 925 ℃, the carburization temperature is kept unchanged, the treatment carbon potential is 0.78 +/-0.05%, and the treatment time is 155min. After the carburization treatment is finished, heat preservation treatment is started, the heat preservation time is 35min, the heat preservation temperature is 860 ℃, and the carbon potential is slightly increased to 0.8 +/-0.05%. After the chemical treatment such as carburizing and heat preservation, the conventional heat treatment is carried out, firstly, high-temperature tempering treatment is carried out, the treatment temperature is 640 ℃, the tempering time is 180min, then quenching at 860 ℃ is carried out, and the subsequent time is 30min. The final heat treatment process is low-temperature tempering treatment, the treatment temperature is 180 ℃, and the treatment time is 180min.
Comparative example 1
A conventional heat treatment method.
The same heat treatment was carried out according to the method of example 1. Wherein, the temperature of the first stepping furnace is 820 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.8 +/-0.1 percent, and the processing time is 40min; and secondly, performing strong carburizing treatment, namely treating for 25min at 925 ℃ by adopting the carbon potential of 1 +/-0.05%, and then treating for 340min at 1.28 +/-0.05% and the temperature of 925 +/-5 ℃ so as to ensure that the strong carburizing process can be smoothly performed. And the third step is diffusion carburization, wherein the carburization temperature is 925 ℃ and is kept unchanged, the treatment carbon potential is 0.78 +/-0.05 percent, and the treatment time is 155min. After the carburization treatment is finished, the heat preservation treatment is started, the heat preservation time is 35min, the heat preservation temperature is 860 ℃, and the carbon potential is slightly increased to 0.8 +/-0.05%. After the chemical treatment such as carburizing and heat preservation, the conventional heat treatment is carried out, firstly, high-temperature tempering treatment is carried out, the treatment temperature is 640 ℃, the tempering time is 180min, then quenching at 860 ℃ is carried out, and the subsequent time is 30min. The final heat treatment process is low-temperature tempering treatment, the treatment temperature is 180 ℃, and the treatment time reaches 180min.
The hardness gradient profile of example 1 according to the invention and comparative example 1 is shown in FIG. 4.
The depth effect of the carburized layer of the parts treated by the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 of the invention is shown in figure 5, and the depth of the carburized layer of the comparative example heat treatment method is about 750 mu m, while the depth of the pre-shot-peening-heat treated carburized layer provided by the invention can reach 1250 mu m, and the depth of the carburized layer can be obviously improved and the anti-fatigue effect can be improved by the embodiment 1.
The comparison of the surface hardness effect of the parts treated by the example 1 and the comparative example 1 of the invention is shown in FIG. 6, and as shown in FIG. 6, the surface hardness of the parts treated by the invention can be improved to be close to 40HV, and the effect of heat treatment carburization can be effectively increased.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A carburized layer depth increasing method based on pre-shot blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): designing and determining the parameters of the shot blasting process;
step (2): preparing the shot blasting strength of the Almen test piece, and confirming process parameters;
and (3): according to the relation curve between the arc height measured by the Almen test piece and the time, confirming the shot blasting intensity and the time required by shot blasting coverage, and carrying out corresponding shot blasting treatment; the time required for shot blasting is 48s;
and (4): performing carburizing, heat preservation, high-temperature tempering, quenching and low-temperature tempering heat treatment on the parts subjected to the pre-shot blasting treatment in the step 3; the heat preservation time of the heat preservation treatment is 35min, and the heat preservation temperature is 860 ℃; the high-temperature tempering treatment temperature is 640 ℃, and the tempering time is 180min; the quenching temperature is 860 ℃, and the quenching time is 30min; the temperature of the low-temperature tempering treatment is 180 ℃, and the treatment time is up to 180min;
the carburizing treatment comprises the following steps:
(a) Feeding into a furnace, wherein the temperature is 820 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.8 +/-0.1 percent, and the treatment time is 40min;
(b) Performing strong carburizing treatment, namely treating at 925 ℃ for 25min by adopting the carbon potential of 1 +/-0.05%, and then treating at 925 +/-5 ℃ for 340min by adopting the carbon potential of 1.28 +/-0.05%;
(c) And (3) diffusion carburization, wherein the carburization temperature is kept unchanged at 925 ℃, the treatment carbon potential is 0.78 +/-0.05%, and the treatment time is 155min.
2. The method for depth increase of carburized layer based on pre-shot peening according to claim 1, wherein 0.6mm steel wire cut shots are selected as peening media in step (1), the peening intensity is 0.60mmA, and the peening coverage is 200%.
3. The method for depth increase of carburized layer based on pre-shot peening according to claim 1, wherein the shot peening in the step (2) is performed using a pneumatic shot peening machine in which a shot distance is 150mm, a shot pressure is 0.6MPa, and a shot flow rate is 30kg/mim.
4. The method for depth increase of carburized layer based on pre-shot peening according to claim 1, characterized by the step (3) wherein the equation of arc height value-time curve is as follows:
h＝a(1-e -bt )
wherein h represents an arc height value, a and b are equation constants, and t is shot blasting time;
h s ＝0.9a
wherein hs is the saturation arc height value, namely the shot blasting strength;
where Ts is the time to reach the saturation arc height.
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