CN114410873A - Pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device and method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge - Google Patents
Pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device and method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge Download PDFInfo
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- CN114410873A CN114410873A CN202111627409.2A CN202111627409A CN114410873A CN 114410873 A CN114410873 A CN 114410873A CN 202111627409 A CN202111627409 A CN 202111627409A CN 114410873 A CN114410873 A CN 114410873A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 444
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 62
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001341 Crude steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge, which comprises: the hydrogen shaft furnace is used for carrying and reducing the iron-containing furnace burden; the microwave heating device is arranged on the outer side of each furnace top bin and is used for preheating iron-containing furnace burden to be discharged into the hydrogen shaft furnace; and the tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system is connected with a top gas outlet of the hydrogen shaft furnace and is used for purifying top gas and recovering the waste heat of the top gas. The invention also provides a pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron making method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace materials. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device and the iron-making method thereof based on the microwave preheating of the iron-containing furnace burden can reduce the hydrogen consumption of unit products, improve the reduction production efficiency and reduce the production cost of the shaft furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reduced iron smelting, in particular to a pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron making device and an iron making method thereof based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace materials.
Background
Currently, the annual crude steel yield of China can reach 10.65 hundred million tons, which accounts for 56.7 percent of the annual crude steel yield of the world, and plays a great role in promoting the economic development of China, but also brings huge energy consumption and carbon emission problems. In the iron and steel industry, because of relying on carbon element for reduction ironmaking, a large amount of carbon emission is generated in the ironmaking process, and accounts for more than 80% of the carbon emission in the whole iron and steel production. Therefore, the key point of reducing carbon emission in the iron and steel industry is to reduce carbon emission in the iron making process, and simultaneously, the sustainable development of national economy is ensured. The hydrogen metallurgy process mainly using hydrogen energy has the advantages of high production efficiency, greenness, low carbon, good product quality and the like, and can be used as an important way for carbon emission reduction and economic sustainable development promotion in the steel industry. Wherein, pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-smelting can achieve zero carbon emission theoretically, and is the key direction of the research of the steel industry.
The pure hydrogen shaft furnace is a gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction process for producing Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) by only using hydrogen to reduce iron ores and pellets in the shaft furnace, and belongs to a short-flow process. The process uses hydrogen as an ironmaking reducing agent, can greatly reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, does not consume coke, and becomes a hot spot of iron-making industry research and development in the world. At present, the research on the existing pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making process discovers that H2Most of the heat absorbed in the reduction process is easy to cause the temperature of the shaft furnace to be reduced, and H is easy to be reduced in the reduction process2Not only participate in reduction reaction, but also need to heat and supplement heat to the furnace charge of the shaft furnace, and the production of one ton of direct reduced iron generally needs to be as high as 2400m3High temperature H of/t2. The cost for preparing clean hydrogen is high, and the hydrogen price is high under the condition of domestic gas shortage, so that the general cost of the hydrogen metallurgy gas-based direct reduction shaft furnace iron-making process is high.
Therefore, although the hydrogen metallurgy gas-based direct reduction shaft furnace iron making process can effectively solve the problem of carbon emission, H generally exists in the process2Reduction and heat absorption cause reduction of furnace temperature, low production efficiency and H2Large demand, high manufacturing cost and the like.
Aiming at the problems, the prior art also improves the iron-making process of the hydrogen metallurgy gas-based direct reduction shaft furnace. As described in chinese patent CN201811101506.6, the shaft furnace uses the top gas as the reducing gas and the carburizing gas/cooling gas, and the shaft furnace can effectively improve the efficiency of the shaft furnace by blowing the gas in the reducing section and the cooling section of the shaft furnace to reduce, cool and carburize the pellets in the shaft furnace, and by washing and cooling the output heated cooling gas for recycling.
As described in chinese patent CN107686869A, after being preheated in the preheating bin, the reduction furnace charge is fed into the shaft furnace through the lower distributor, and after being reduced, the reduction furnace charge is sent to the distributor through the internal circulation feeding device, and then enters the shaft furnace again for reduction, and the reduction is repeated many times, and the reduction section has high temperature, fast reaction speed, short reaction time, high metallization rate, no need of cooling section, and reduced equipment volume.
As described in chinese patent CN112176144A, the iron making shaft furnace adds iron making raw materials into the shaft furnace, the middle section of the shaft furnace is provided with a microwave heating device and a high temperature hydrogen injection nozzle, the lower section is provided with a low temperature hydrogen injection nozzle, and the purpose of lowest limit energy consumption of the iron making shaft furnace is achieved by two-section hydrogen injection.
However, the above method has the following problems: (1) mechanical equipment arranged in the shaft furnace is easy to wear, has large maintenance difficulty and high cost, and hydrogen is easy to leak in the production process of the shaft furnace provided with the heating device in the shaft furnace to cause major equipment accidents; (2) repeated reduction can reduce the use efficiency of equipment and increase the difficulty of equipment design process; (3) the problem of reducing the amount of reducing gas used in the shaft furnace still cannot be solved by multi-stage injection.
Therefore, there is a need for a hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making process capable of increasing the temperature of iron-containing furnace charge, reducing the hydrogen consumption of unit product, improving the reduction production efficiency, reducing the consumption of heat-supplementing coal gas, and reducing the production cost of shaft furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device and an iron-making method thereof based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace materials, which can reduce the hydrogen consumption of unit products, improve the reduction production efficiency and reduce the production cost of the shaft furnace.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device for preheating iron-containing furnace charge based on microwave, which comprises:
the hydrogen shaft furnace is used for carrying and reducing the iron-containing furnace burden;
the microwave heating device is arranged at the outer side part of each furnace top bin and is used for preheating iron-containing furnace charge to be discharged into the hydrogen shaft furnace;
and the tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system is connected with a top gas outlet of the hydrogen shaft furnace and is used for recycling the top gas after purifying and recovering the waste heat.
Further, the hydrogen shaft furnace comprises a distribution bin arranged at the upper part of the hydrogen shaft furnace, a reduction section connected to the lower part of the distribution bin, and a cooling section arranged at the lower part of the reduction section, wherein a reducing gas inlet is arranged at the lower part of the reduction section, a top gas outlet is arranged at the upper part of the reduction section, a cooling gas inlet is arranged at the lower part of the cooling section, a cooling gas outlet is arranged at the upper part of the cooling section, and a reduced iron outlet is arranged at the bottom of the cooling section.
Furthermore, the furnace top bins comprise a first furnace top bin, a second furnace top bin and a third furnace top bin, the upper part of each furnace top bin is communicated with a receiving hopper pipeline, the lower part of each furnace top bin is communicated with a distribution bin pipeline, a first sealing valve is arranged on the pipeline communicated with the receiving hopper, a second sealing valve is arranged on the pipeline communicated with the distribution bin, and the microwave heating device, the first sealing valve and the second sealing valve are respectively connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller), so that the PLC program controls the heating and discharging of charging and iron-containing furnace materials.
Further, the tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system comprises a tail gas dust removal device connected with the top gas outlet, a waste heat recovery heat exchange device connected with the tail gas dust removal device, and a control device for controlling the tail gas dust removal device and the waste heat recovery heat exchange device to operate.
Further, the microwave heating device is a microwave heating component, the tail gas dust removal device is a tail gas dust removal bin, and the waste heat recovery heat exchanger is a waste heat recovery heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the outer surfaces of the furnace top bin, the pipeline for communicating the furnace top bin with the receiving hopper and the pipeline for communicating the furnace top bin with the distribution bin are coated with heat insulation cotton.
The invention also provides a pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron making method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace burden, which comprises the following steps:
preheating iron-containing furnace charge entering a furnace top bin to 300-800 ℃ by a microwave heating device;
the preheated iron-containing furnace charge enters a reduction section of the hydrogen shaft furnace from the distribution bin, is further subjected to heat exchange with high-temperature gas and is heated to a preset reduction temperature, and then reacts with hydrogen introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace;
the reduced iron generated by the reaction enters a cooling section of the hydrogen shaft furnace, is cooled under the protection of cooling gas and then is discharged from a reduced iron outlet;
and (3) enabling the top gas discharged from the hydrogen shaft furnace to enter a tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system, and recycling the top gas after purification and waste heat recovery.
Furthermore, the first furnace top bin, the second furnace top bin and the third furnace top bin control charging, iron-containing furnace charge preheating and material discharging wheel flow to the hydrogen shaft furnace through a PLC program to supply preheated iron-containing furnace charge for the hydrogen shaft furnace continuously and uninterruptedly.
Further, furnace top gas discharged from the hydrogen shaft furnace is purified and waste heat is recovered to obtain hydrogen, the obtained hydrogen is mixed with other hydrogen and is heated to 850-950 ℃ to enter the hydrogen shaft furnace for reaction; and the cooling gas is discharged from a cooling gas outlet after cooling, heat exchanging and temperature rising of the generated reduced iron, and is recycled after participating in heating, heat exchanging and temperature lowering of the hydrogen.
Further, the iron-containing furnace burden is iron ore lump ore or/and iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets, the total iron grade of the iron ore lump ore is 67% -70%, the iron-containing grade of the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is more than 65%, and the proportion of solid particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 6mm in the iron ore lump ore and the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is not less than 95%.
According to the pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on microwave preheating of the iron-containing furnace burden, the microwave heating device is arranged on the outer side of the furnace top bin, and the iron-containing furnace burden entering the furnace top bin can be preheated to a certain temperature by the microwave heating device, so that the heat required for preheating after the iron-containing furnace burden enters the hydrogen shaft furnace can be reduced, the reaction rate of the shaft furnace can be accelerated, and the productivity of the hydrogen shaft furnace can be improved. Meanwhile, the pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on microwave preheating of the iron-containing furnace burden heats the iron-containing furnace burden in the furnace top bin by using the microwave heating device, so that the heating is more direct and convenient, the device has a simple structure, the manufacturing cost is low, the economic benefit is good, and the device is worthy of popularization and application.
The invention also provides a pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge, because the iron-containing furnace charge in the furnace top bin is heated to 300-800 ℃ by the microwave heating device in advance, the preheated iron-containing furnace charge can be further preheated to the preset reaction temperature by the high-temperature gas rising in the furnace after entering the hydrogen shaft furnace, thus not only accelerating the reaction rate of the shaft furnace and improving the productivity of the hydrogen shaft furnace, but also greatly reducing the usage amount of expensive hydrogen required for further preheating the iron-containing furnace charge and reducing the production cost, and simultaneously reducing the heat required for heating and supplementing heat to the high-temperature hydrogen by fuel combustion, thereby reducing the carbon emission generated by the combustion of fuel such as coal gas and the like and being beneficial to the low-carbon emission in the iron and steel industry.
In addition, the invention also provides a pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace burden, which controls the respective charging, furnace burden preheating and discharging of a plurality of furnace top bins through a PLC program, can alternately supply the preheated iron-containing furnace burden into the hydrogen shaft furnace, and continuously and uninterruptedly supply the iron-containing furnace burden into the hydrogen shaft furnace, thereby improving the charging efficiency and greatly improving the production efficiency of iron-making. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge, the iron-containing furnace charge entering the reduction section of the hydrogen shaft furnace is further preheated to the reaction temperature because the iron-containing furnace charge is preheated to 300-800 ℃ in advance, the heat required by the further preheating to the reaction temperature is greatly reduced, the reduction reaction can be rapidly carried out with the reducing gas, the retention time of the iron-containing furnace charge in the hydrogen shaft furnace is greatly shortened, the iron-making production efficiency is greatly improved, and finally, the total iron-making efficiency can be correspondingly improved by 10-30%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device for preheating iron-containing furnace charge based on microwaves, which is provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device for preheating iron-containing furnace charge based on microwaves provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
a hydrogen shaft furnace 1 for carrying and reducing iron-containing furnace burden;
the microwave heating device 3 is arranged on the outer side of each furnace top bin 2 and used for preheating iron-containing furnace burden to be discharged into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 in each furnace top bin 2;
and the tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system 4 is connected with a top gas outlet 15 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 and is used for purifying top gas and recovering the waste heat of the top gas.
The hydrogen shaft furnace 1 comprises a distribution bin 11 arranged at the upper part of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, a reduction section 12 connected at the lower part of the distribution bin 11 and a cooling section 13 arranged at the lower part of the reduction section 12. A reducing gas inlet 14 is arranged at the lower part of the reducing section 12, a top gas outlet 15 is arranged at the upper part of the reducing section 12, a cooling gas inlet 16 is arranged at the lower part of the cooling section 13, a cooling gas outlet 17 is arranged at the upper part of the cooling section 13, and a reduced iron outlet 18 is arranged at the bottom of the cooling section 13.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the furnace top bins 2 include a first furnace top bin 21, a second furnace top bin 22 and a third furnace top bin 23, the upper portion of each furnace top bin 2 is in pipe communication with the receiving hopper 5, and iron-containing burden materials can be respectively and sequentially added into the three furnace top bins 2 through the receiving hopper 5. Because the three furnace top bins 2 are connected with the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 at different positions, if the iron-containing furnace charge preheated in each furnace top bin 2 is directly discharged into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from different positions at the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the iron-containing furnace charge is easily distributed unevenly in the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and the iron-making quality and efficiency can be influenced. Therefore, the distribution bin 11 is arranged at the top of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the lower parts of the three furnace top bins 2 are respectively communicated with the distribution bin 11 through pipelines, the distribution bin 11 can adjust the iron-containing furnace materials in the furnace top bins 2 at three different positions to the same blanking position, and then the distribution bin 11 discharges the iron-containing furnace materials into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from the same blanking position, so that the uniformity of the distribution of the iron-containing furnace materials in the reduction section 12 is ensured. A first sealing valve is arranged on a pipeline communicated with each furnace top bin 2 and the receiving hopper 5, a second sealing valve is arranged on a pipeline communicated with each furnace top bin 2 and the distribution bin 11, the microwave heating device 3, the first sealing valve and the second sealing valve are respectively connected with the PLC, and the closing and the opening of each sealing valve are controlled by a preset program. The opening of the microwave heating device 3 and the opening and closing of the first sealing valve and the second sealing valve are sequentially controlled by the PLC according to a preset program, so that the charging of the three furnace top bins 2, the heating and discharging of iron-containing furnace materials can be promoted, the preheated iron-containing furnace materials are supplied into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 by the first pre-furnace top bin 21, the second furnace top bin 22 and the third furnace top bin 23 in turn, and the iron-containing furnace materials are continuously supplied into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 by the three furnace top bins 2. The three furnace top bins 2 continuously supply iron-containing furnace materials into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, so that the feeding efficiency into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is greatly improved, and the iron-making efficiency of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 can be greatly improved. And, since the iron-containing charge introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is the iron-containing charge which has been heated to 300 ℃ -800 ℃ in the top bin 2 by the microwave heating means 3, these iron-containing charge materials can be rapidly further preheated to the reaction temperature by the high-temperature gas rising in the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 after entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, then the iron is smelted by the reduction reaction with the high-temperature hydrogen entering from the reducing gas inlet 14 at the lower part of the reducing section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, thus not only accelerating the reaction rate of the shaft furnace and improving the productivity of the hydrogen shaft furnace, but also can greatly reduce the usage amount of expensive hydrogen needed by further preheating the iron-containing furnace charge, reduce the production cost, simultaneously, can reduce the heat needed by heating and heat supplementing the high-temperature hydrogen by fuel combustion, thereby reducing the carbon emission generated by burning coal gas and other fuels and being beneficial to the low-carbon emission of the steel industry.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the microwave heating device 3 employs microwave heating elements and devices, and is directly installed on the side portion of the outer wall of each furnace top bin 2, and is used for microwave heating of iron-containing furnace burden in the furnace top bin 2, and the microwave heating device is simple in heating and high in heating efficiency.
As a specific implementation mode of the invention, the outer surfaces of the furnace top bin 2, the pipeline of the furnace top bin 2 communicated with the receiving hopper 5 and the pipeline of the furnace top bin 2 communicated with the distribution bin 11 are all coated by heat-insulating cotton, so that the invention has good heat-insulating effect, can effectively reduce the heat loss of the iron-containing furnace burden preheated in the furnace top bin 2, improves the reduction reaction efficiency of the iron-containing furnace burden entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 and improves the iron-making efficiency.
The tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system 4 comprises a tail gas dust removal device connected with the top gas outlet 15, a waste heat recovery heat exchange device connected with the tail gas dust removal device, and a control device for controlling the tail gas dust removal device and the waste heat recovery heat exchange device to operate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust gas dust removing device is an exhaust gas dust removing bin which removes dust from the high-temperature top gas discharged from the top gas outlet 15 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1. The waste heat recovery heat exchange device adopts a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, can absorb the heat in the high-temperature top gas after purification and dust removal, and the part of heat can be transferred to the combustion heating furnace to be used for heating the hydrogen entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1. After heat exchange, the top gas can be mixed with other parts of hydrogen, heated by a combustion heating furnace and then enters the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 for reducing iron-containing furnace materials to make iron.
The invention also provides an iron-making method of the pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace burden, which comprises the following steps:
first, the PLC opens a sealing valve between the first top bunker 21 and the receiving hopper 5 according to a predetermined program, and the receiving hopper 5 adds iron-containing burden material into the first top bunker 21. As a specific implementation mode of the invention, the iron-containing furnace burden is iron ore lump ore or/and iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets, wherein the total iron grade of the iron ore lump ore is 67-70%, the iron-containing grade of the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is more than 65%, and the proportion of solid particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 6mm in the iron ore lump ore and the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is not less than 95%.
After the first furnace top bin 21 is charged, the PLC closes a sealing valve between the first furnace top bin 21 and the receiving hopper 5 according to a preset program. And the PLC turns on the microwave heating device 3 on the outer side portion of the first top bin 21 according to a predetermined program, and the microwave heating device 3 preheats the iron-containing burden in the first top bin 21. Meanwhile, the PLC opens a sealing valve between the second top bunker 22 and the receiving hopper 5 according to a preset program, and iron-containing burden is added into the second top bunker 22 through the receiving hopper 5.
When the iron-containing furnace burden in the first furnace top bin 21 is preheated to 300-800 ℃, the PLC closes the microwave heating device 3 on the outer side part of the first furnace top bin 21 according to a preset program, stops heating the iron-containing furnace burden in the first furnace top bin 21, simultaneously opens a sealing valve between the first furnace top bin 21 and the distribution bin 11, and discharges the iron-containing furnace burden at 300-800 ℃ in the first furnace top bin 21 into the distribution bin 11 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1.
At the moment, the charging in the second top bunker 22 is finished, the PLC closes the sealing valve between the second top bunker 22 and the receiving hopper 5 according to a preset program, opens the microwave heating device 3 on the outer side part of the second top bunker 22 to preheat the iron-containing furnace burden in the second top bunker 22, and simultaneously opens the sealing valve between the third top bunker 23 and the receiving hopper 5, and the third top bunker 23 is subjected to the charging of the receiving hopper 5 in the preheating process of the iron-containing furnace burden in the second top bunker 22.
When the furnace-containing raw materials in the second furnace top bin 22 are preheated to 300-800 ℃, the PLC closes the microwave heating device 3 on the outer side part of the second furnace top bin 22 according to a preset program, stops heating the iron-containing furnace materials in the second furnace top bin 22, simultaneously opens a sealing valve between the second furnace top bin 22 and the distribution bin 11, and discharges the iron-containing furnace materials at 300-800 ℃ in the second furnace top bin 22 into the distribution bin 11 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1.
At the moment, the charging in the third furnace top bin 23 is finished, the PLC closes a sealing valve between the third furnace top bin 23 and the receiving hopper 5 according to a preset program, opens the microwave heating device 3 on the outer side part of the third furnace top bin 23 to preheat the iron-containing furnace burden in the third furnace top bin 23, and simultaneously opens the sealing valve between the first furnace top bin 21 and the receiving hopper 5, and the first furnace top bin 21 is subjected to the charging of the receiving hopper 5 in the preheating process of the iron-containing furnace burden in the third furnace top bin 23.
When the furnace-containing raw materials in the third furnace top bin 23 are preheated to 300-800 ℃, the PLC closes the microwave heating device 3 on the outer side part of the third furnace top bin 23 according to a preset program, stops heating the iron-containing furnace materials in the third furnace top bin 23, simultaneously opens a sealing valve between the third furnace top bin 23 and the distribution bin 11, and discharges the iron-containing furnace materials at 300-800 ℃ in the third furnace top bin 23 into the distribution bin 11 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1.
At the moment, the charging in the first furnace top bin 21 is finished, the PLC closes a sealing valve between the first furnace top bin 21 and the receiving hopper 5 according to a preset program, opens the microwave heating device 3 on the outer side part of the first furnace top bin 21 to preheat iron-containing furnace burden in the first furnace top bin 21, and simultaneously opens the sealing valve between the second furnace top bin 22 and the receiving hopper 5, and the second furnace top bin 22 is subjected to the feeding of the receiving hopper 5 in the preheating process of the iron-containing furnace burden in the first furnace top bin 21.
The above-mentioned reciprocating circulation can continuously supply iron-bearing charging materials preheated to 300-800 deg.C into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 by three groups of furnace top bins 2.
After the iron-containing furnace burden preheated to 300-800 ℃ enters the distribution bin 11 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the distribution bin 11 can adjust the iron-containing furnace burden discharged from the furnace top bins 2 at different positions to the same blanking position, and then the iron-containing furnace burden is discharged into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from the same blanking position through the distribution bin 11, so that the iron-containing furnace burden is uniformly distributed in the reduction section 12, and the reaction efficiency of the iron-containing furnace burden can be improved. The iron-containing furnace charge entering the reduction section 12 is further preheated to a predetermined reduction temperature of 850 ℃ to 1000 ℃ by high-temperature gas at the upper part of the reduction section 12, and then is reduced with hydrogen introduced into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from a reduction gas inlet 14 to generate direct reduced iron, and top gas generated after reaction in the reduction section 12 is discharged from a top gas outlet 15 at the top of the reduction section 12. As an embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen gas introduced into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from the reducing gas inlet 14 is pure hydrogen gas or hydrogen-rich hydrogen gas with a hydrogen content of more than 65% which is preheated to 850 ℃ and 950 ℃ in a combustion heating furnace.
Because one part of the hydrogen entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is used for reduction reaction and the other part is used for forming high-temperature gas to heat the iron-containing furnace charge, the iron-containing furnace charge entering the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is heated to 300-800 ℃ by the microwave heating device 3 in the furnace top bin 2 before entering the reduction section 12, so that the iron-containing furnace charge entering the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 can be rapidly further preheated to the reduction temperature of 850-1000 ℃ by the high-temperature gas at the upper part of the reduction section 12, the use of the hydrogen for further heating the iron-containing furnace charge is reduced, and therefore, the iron-making method provided by the invention can greatly reduce the use amount of the expensive hydrogen and can greatly reduce the production cost. And the heat required by heating and heat supplementing of high-temperature hydrogen by fuel combustion can be reduced, so that the carbon emission generated by combustion of fuel such as coal gas and the like is reduced, and the low-carbon emission in the steel industry is facilitated.
Meanwhile, the 300-800 ℃ iron-containing furnace charge entering the reduction section 12 can directly perform reduction reaction with high-temperature hydrogen only by being further preheated to the reduction temperature of 850-1000 ℃ by high-temperature gas at the upper part of the reduction section 12, so that the retention time of the iron-containing furnace charge in the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is greatly shortened, the production efficiency of iron making is greatly improved, and compared with the existing shaft furnace iron making process, the iron making method provided by the invention can improve the iron making efficiency by 10-30%.
Finally, the reduced iron produced in the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 enters the cooling section 13, the cooling gas entering from the cooling gas inlet 16 at the lower part of the cooling section 13 moves upwards to contact with the reduced iron from the upper part, the reduced iron is cooled, the cooled reduced iron is discharged from the reduced iron outlet 18 at the bottom of the cooling section 13, and the proportion of the metallic iron to the total iron in the produced Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) is not lower than 90%. And the cooling gas after cooling the reduced iron is discharged from the cooling gas outlet 17 at the upper portion of the cooling zone 13.
The cooling gas discharged from the cooling gas outlet 17 at the upper part of the cooling section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is changed into high-temperature cooling gas due to heat exchange with the high-temperature reduced iron generated in the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the high-temperature cooling gas can be used for heating the hydrogen entering the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and the high-temperature cooling gas can be recycled after the temperature is reduced after the heat exchange with the hydrogen and then used for cooling the reduced iron in the hydrogen shaft furnace 1.
High-temperature top gas discharged from a top gas outlet 15 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 can be mixed with other parts of hydrogen after dust removal and waste heat recovery, is heated by a combustion heating furnace and then enters the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 for reducing iron-containing furnace materials to make iron, and the recycling of the top gas of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 is realized.
The method for smelting iron in a pure hydrogen shaft furnace based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge provided by the invention is specifically described by the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention adopts iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets with iron grade of 68 percent and iron ore lump ore with full iron grade of 65 percent as iron-containing furnace charges, and prepares Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) by using a method for reducing the iron-containing furnace charges by hydrogen, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) iron-containing furnace materials are preheated to 300 ℃ in the furnace top bins 2 through the microwave heating device 3, then are discharged into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from top to bottom through the distribution bins 11, the microwave heating devices 3 on the outer side parts of the three furnace top bins 2 and the switches of the first sealing valves and the second sealing valves on the pipelines of the three furnace top bins 2, the receiving hopper 5 and the distribution bins 11 are sequentially controlled through a PLC according to a preset program, so that the three furnace top bins 2 can alternately supply the preheated iron-containing furnace materials into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and the three furnace top bins 2 can continuously supply the preheated iron-containing furnace materials into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1.
2) After entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the preheated iron-containing furnace charge is rapidly heated to 850 ℃ by high-temperature tail gas generated after reduction reaction, and then immediately undergoes reduction reaction with 850 ℃ hydrogen introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1. The total amount of hydrogen charged into the furnace is 1600m3T reduced iron, hydrogen consumption as reducing agent 600m3T reduced iron, the remaining 1000m3The hydrogen of the/t reduced iron is recycled after being purified and recovered by a tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system 4 in the form of top gas, mixed with newly supplemented hydrogen, enters a heating furnace, heated to 850 ℃, and then enters a hydrogen shaft furnace 1 to be used as reducing gas to react with iron-containing raw materials for iron making. Compared with a shaft furnace ironmaking system without a microwave heating device 3 for preheating iron-containing raw materials, the pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device for preheating iron-containing furnace materials based on microwaves provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the consumption of hydrogen is reduced: 2400 + 1600 ═ 800m3The cost of reducing iron by 30-35% is reduced.
3) The reduced iron (DRI) produced by the reaction enters the cooling section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, is carburized and cooled under the protection of cooling gas entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from a reducing gas inlet 14 at the lower part of the cooling section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and is discharged from a reduced iron outlet 18 at the bottom of the reducing section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1. The metallization rate of the obtained reduced iron (DRI) is more than or equal to 92 percent, the yield increasing effect of the reduced iron (DRI) reaches 15 percent, the productivity and the equipment utilization rate are improved, the cost of replacing fuel heating by electric power of a microwave heating device is deducted, and the fuel cost of a unit product is reduced by 20 percent.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention adopts iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets with iron grade of 70 percent as iron-containing furnace charge, and prepares Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) by a method for reducing the iron-containing furnace charge by using hydrogen, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) iron-containing furnace materials are preheated to 800 ℃ in the furnace top bins 2 through the microwave heating device 3, then are discharged into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from top to bottom through the distribution bins 11, the microwave heating devices 3 on the outer side parts of the three furnace top bins 2 and the switches of the first sealing valves and the second sealing valves on the pipelines of the three furnace top bins 2, the receiving hopper 5 and the distribution bins 11 are sequentially controlled through a PLC according to a preset program, so that the three furnace top bins 2 can alternately supply the preheated iron-containing furnace materials into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and the three furnace top bins 2 can continuously supply the preheated iron-containing furnace materials into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1.
2) After entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the preheated iron-containing furnace charge is rapidly heated to 1000 ℃ by high-temperature tail gas generated after reduction reaction, and then immediately undergoes reduction reaction with 950 ℃ hydrogen introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1. The total amount of hydrogen fed into the furnace is 1800m3T reduced iron, hydrogen consumption as reducing agent 600m3T reduced iron, the remainder 1200m3The hydrogen of the/t reduced iron is recycled after being purified and recovered by a tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system 4 in the form of top gas, mixed with newly supplemented hydrogen, enters a heating furnace, heated to 950 ℃, and then enters a hydrogen shaft furnace 1 to be used as reducing gas to react with iron-containing raw materials for iron making. Compared with a shaft furnace ironmaking system without a microwave heating device 3 for preheating iron-containing raw materials, the pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device for preheating iron-containing furnace materials based on microwaves provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the consumption of hydrogen is reduced: 2400 + 1800 ═ 600m3The cost of reducing iron by 30-35% is reduced.
3) The reduced iron (DRI) produced by the reaction enters the cooling section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, is carburized and cooled under the protection of cooling gas entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from a reducing gas inlet 14 at the lower part of the cooling section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and is discharged from a reduced iron outlet 18 at the bottom of the reducing section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1. The metallization rate of the obtained reduced iron (DRI) is more than or equal to 93 percent, the yield increasing effect of the reduced iron (DRI) reaches 20 percent, the productivity and the equipment utilization rate are improved, the cost of replacing fuel heating by electric power of a microwave heating device is deducted, and the fuel cost of a unit product is reduced by 19 percent.
Example 3
In the embodiment of the invention, iron ore lump ore with total iron grade of 68% is used as iron-containing furnace charge, and Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) is prepared by a method for reducing the iron-containing furnace charge by using hydrogen, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) iron-containing furnace materials are preheated to 700 ℃ in the furnace top bins 2 through the microwave heating device 3, then are discharged into the reduction section 12 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from top to bottom through the distribution bins 11, the microwave heating devices 3 on the outer side parts of the three furnace top bins 2 and the switches of the first sealing valves and the second sealing valves on the pipelines of the three furnace top bins 2, the receiving hopper 5 and the distribution bins 11 are sequentially controlled through a PLC according to a preset program, so that the three furnace top bins 2 can alternately supply the preheated iron-containing furnace materials into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and the three furnace top bins 2 can continuously supply the preheated iron-containing furnace materials into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1.
2) After entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, the preheated iron-containing furnace charge is rapidly heated to 950 ℃ by high-temperature tail gas generated after reduction reaction, and then immediately undergoes reduction reaction with 950 ℃ hydrogen introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace 1. The total amount of hydrogen charged into the furnace is 1600m3T reduced iron, hydrogen consumption as reducing agent 600m3T reduced iron, the remaining 1000m3The hydrogen of the/t reduced iron is recycled after being purified and recovered by a tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system 4 in the form of top gas, mixed with newly supplemented hydrogen, enters a heating furnace, heated to 950 ℃, and then enters a hydrogen shaft furnace 1 to be used as reducing gas to react with iron-containing raw materials for iron making. Compared with a shaft furnace ironmaking system without a microwave heating device 3 for preheating iron-containing raw materials, the pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device for preheating iron-containing furnace materials based on microwaves provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the consumption of hydrogen is reduced: 2400 + 1600 ═ 800m3The cost of reducing iron by 32-34% is reduced by t.
3) The reduced iron (DRI) produced by the reaction enters the cooling section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, is carburized and cooled under the protection of cooling gas entering the hydrogen shaft furnace 1 from a reducing gas inlet 14 at the lower part of the cooling section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1, and is discharged from a reduced iron outlet 18 at the bottom of the reducing section 13 of the hydrogen shaft furnace 1. The metallization rate of the obtained reduced iron (DRI) is more than or equal to 92.5 percent, the yield increasing effect of the reduced iron (DRI) reaches 20 percent, the productivity and the equipment utilization rate are improved, the cost of heating fuel by replacing the electric power of a microwave heating device is deducted, and the fuel cost of a unit product is reduced by 21 percent.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge is characterized by comprising:
the hydrogen shaft furnace is used for carrying and reducing the iron-containing furnace burden;
the microwave heating device is arranged at the outer side part of each furnace top bin and is used for preheating iron-containing furnace charge to be discharged into the hydrogen shaft furnace;
and the tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system is connected with a top gas outlet of the hydrogen shaft furnace and is used for recycling the top gas after purifying and recovering the waste heat.
2. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device based on microwave preheating of iron-bearing charge stock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen shaft furnace comprises a distribution bin arranged at the upper part of the hydrogen shaft furnace, a reduction section connected at the lower part of the distribution bin, and a cooling section arranged at the lower part of the reduction section, wherein the lower part of the reduction section is provided with a reducing gas inlet, the upper part of the reduction section is provided with a top gas outlet, the lower part of the cooling section is provided with a cooling gas inlet, the upper part of the cooling section is provided with a cooling gas outlet, and the bottom of the cooling section is provided with a reduced iron outlet.
3. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device based on microwave preheating of iron-bearing charge stock according to claim 2, characterized in that: the furnace top bin comprises a first furnace top bin, a second furnace top bin and a third furnace top bin, the upper part of each furnace top bin is communicated with a receiving hopper pipeline, the lower part of each furnace top bin is communicated with a distribution bin pipeline, a first sealing valve is arranged on a pipeline of each furnace top bin communicated with the receiving hopper, a second sealing valve is arranged on a pipeline of each furnace top bin communicated with the distribution bin, the microwave heating device, the first sealing valve and the second sealing valve are respectively connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller), and the PLC program controls the heating and discharging of charging and iron-containing furnace burden.
4. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device based on microwave preheating of iron-bearing charge stock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system comprises a tail gas dust removal device connected with the top gas outlet, a waste heat recovery heat exchange device connected with the tail gas dust removal device, and a control device for controlling the tail gas dust removal device and the waste heat recovery heat exchange device to operate.
5. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device based on microwave preheating of iron-bearing charge stock according to claim 4, characterized in that: the microwave heating device is a microwave heating component, the tail gas dust removal device is a tail gas dust removal bin, and the waste heat recovery heat exchange device is a waste heat recovery heat exchanger.
6. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking device based on microwave preheating of iron-bearing charge stock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer surfaces of the furnace top bin, the pipeline for communicating the furnace top bin with the receiving hopper and the pipeline for communicating the furnace top bin with the distribution bin are coated with heat insulation cotton.
7. A pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron making method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preheating iron-containing furnace charge entering a furnace top bin to 300-800 ℃ by a microwave heating device;
the preheated iron-containing furnace charge enters a reduction section of the hydrogen shaft furnace from the distribution bin, is further subjected to heat exchange with high-temperature gas and is heated to a preset reduction temperature, and then reacts with hydrogen introduced into the hydrogen shaft furnace;
the reduced iron generated by the reaction enters a cooling section of the hydrogen shaft furnace, is cooled under the protection of cooling gas and then is discharged from a reduced iron outlet;
and (3) enabling the top gas discharged from the hydrogen shaft furnace to enter a tail gas purification and waste heat recovery system, and recycling the top gas after purification and waste heat recovery.
8. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking method based on microwave preheating of iron-bearing charge stock according to claim 7, characterized in that: the first furnace top bin, the second furnace top bin and the third furnace top bin control charging, iron-containing furnace charge preheating and material discharging wheels to flow to the hydrogen shaft furnace through a PLC program to supply preheated iron-containing furnace charge for the hydrogen shaft furnace continuously and uninterruptedly.
9. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking method based on microwave preheating of iron-bearing charge stock according to claim 7, characterized in that: the top gas discharged from the hydrogen shaft furnace is purified and the waste heat is recovered to obtain hydrogen, the obtained hydrogen is mixed with other hydrogen and is heated to 850-; and the cooling gas is discharged from a cooling gas outlet after cooling, heat exchanging and temperature rising of the generated reduced iron, and is recycled after participating in heating, heat exchanging and temperature lowering of the hydrogen.
10. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace ironmaking method based on microwave preheating of iron-bearing charge stock according to claim 7, characterized in that: the iron-containing furnace burden is iron ore lump ore or/and iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets, the total iron grade of the iron ore lump ore is 67-70%, the iron-containing grade of the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is more than 65%, and the proportion of solid particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 6mm in the iron ore lump ore and the iron-containing concentrate oxidized pellets is not less than 95%.
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