CN112176144A - Hydrogen injection iron-making shaft furnace device and method for realizing low energy consumption of hydrogen iron-making - Google Patents
Hydrogen injection iron-making shaft furnace device and method for realizing low energy consumption of hydrogen iron-making Download PDFInfo
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- CN112176144A CN112176144A CN201910587829.9A CN201910587829A CN112176144A CN 112176144 A CN112176144 A CN 112176144A CN 201910587829 A CN201910587829 A CN 201910587829A CN 112176144 A CN112176144 A CN 112176144A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
- C21B13/029—Introducing coolant gas in the shaft furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrogen injection iron-making shaft furnace device, which comprises an iron-making shaft furnace, a microwave heating device, a hydrogen heating furnace, a waste heat recovery and condensation device and a hydrogen storage tank, wherein one end of the waste heat recovery and condensation device is connected with the hydrogen heating furnace, the other end of the waste heat recovery and condensation device is connected with the iron-making shaft furnace, the hydrogen heating furnace is arranged between the hydrogen storage tank and the iron-making shaft furnace, and the microwave heating device is arranged in the iron-making shaft furnace; the technical scheme realizes the purpose of lowest limit energy consumption of the hydrogen iron-making shaft furnace, the method is realized by a two-section hydrogen injection iron-making shaft furnace process flow, the process adopts hydrogen as a reducing agent to reduce iron ore in the shaft furnace, and hydrogen injection inlets are respectively arranged at the middle part and the bottom part of the shaft furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an iron-making device, in particular to a hydrogen injection iron-making shaft furnace device, and belongs to the technical field of iron making and energy environmental protection.
Background
China is the largest developing country in the world, and with the rapid development of various industries, the demand for energy sources is more and more. The production and use of energy is the biggest source of air pollution and greenhouse gas emission, 90% of SO in China2Emission, 70% smoke emission, 70% CO2The emissions come from coal. For a long time, the coal consumption ratio in China is always about 70%, and the energy consumption structure mainly based on coal causes a great amount of environmental problems. The iron and steel industry is an important foundation of national economy in China and is also an energy-intensive industry, a large amount of carbon-based fuel is consumed, and CO in the whole industry2The emission of CO occupies the whole country217% of the total emissions are one of the important sources of carbon emissions.
The energy-saving low-carbon development report (2018) in the iron and steel industry published by the commission on energy conservation of metallurgy industry of the energy-saving society of China indicates that the iron and steel industry in China currently has the problems of heavy energy structure, bottleneck of the traditional energy-saving technology and the like. In China, about 90% of steel is produced by a blast furnace-converter system, wherein the energy consumption of blast furnace ironmaking accounts for about 50% of the total energy consumption of the steel industry, and the energy for blast furnace ironmaking is mainly carbon-based fuel. Therefore, the important work of emission reduction in the iron and steel industry should be put on the iron-making process, relevant researchers in the iron-making industry need to innovate, develop the iron-making process with a new energy structure, and research a new-generation efficient, green and recyclable iron-making process.
Hydrogen ironmaking is one of the technologies considered to have the potential of replacing the traditional ironmaking process at present, and compared with the blast furnace ironmaking process, the CO of the whole steel process is reduced by 30 to 40 percent2And (5) discharging. Thermodynamically, H is higher than 810 ℃ at a temperature2The reduction curve is located below CO, when H is2The reducing power of the catalyst is higher than that of CO, and the catalyst is more advantageous as a reducing agent; from the point of view of heat transfer, at the same temperature, H2The heat conductivity coefficient of the material is larger than that of CO, the heat convection with iron ore can be faster, the reduction reaction is accelerated, and the waste heat recovery is facilitated. In summary, there is a great advantage in hydrogen-rich or pure hydrogen iron making, both thermodynamically and kinetically.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hydrogen injection iron-making shaft furnace device and a method for realizing low energy consumption by the device aiming at the problems in the prior art, the technical scheme realizes the purpose of lowest limit energy consumption of the hydrogen iron-making shaft furnace, the method is realized by a two-section hydrogen injection iron-making shaft furnace process flow, the process adopts hydrogen as a reducing agent to reduce iron ore in the shaft furnace, and a hydrogen injection inlet is respectively arranged at the middle part and the bottom part of the shaft furnace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is that the hydrogen injection iron-making shaft furnace device is characterized by comprising an iron-making shaft furnace, a microwave heating device, a hydrogen heating furnace, a waste heat recovery and condensation device and a hydrogen storage tank, wherein one end of the waste heat recovery and condensation device is connected with the hydrogen heating furnace, the other end of the waste heat recovery and condensation device is connected with the iron-making shaft furnace, the hydrogen heating furnace is arranged between the hydrogen storage tank and the iron-making shaft furnace, and the microwave heating device is arranged in the iron-making shaft furnace.
As an improvement of the invention, the middle part of the shaft furnace is provided with a high-temperature hydrogen injection port, and the bottom of the shaft furnace is provided with a low-temperature hydrogen injection port, so that two-stage injection of hydrogen is realized.
As an improvement of the invention, the top of the ironmaking shaft furnace is connected with a waste heat recovery and condensation device through a pipeline to recover unreacted hydrogen, so that the complete circulation of the unreacted hydrogen is realized without considering the utilization rate of the hydrogen.
A method for realizing low energy consumption in hydrogen ironmaking by using the device, which comprises the following steps: preheating iron ore at the upper part (utilizing gas sensible heat), reducing hydrogen at the middle part, cooling sponge iron at the lower part, recovering the sensible heat of gas at the top part, blowing hydrogen at two stages and supplementing the heat at the middle part of the shaft furnace.
As an improvement of the invention, iron ore is added from the top of the shaft furnace, and sponge iron generated after reduction in the furnace is discharged from the bottom of the shaft furnace.
As an improvement of the invention, the two-stage hydrogen injection comprises the following steps that two paths of hydrogen are separated from a hydrogen storage tank, one path of hydrogen is directly injected into the furnace from the bottom of the shaft furnace after pressure change, and exchanges heat with high-temperature sponge iron, so that the temperature of the sponge iron is reduced to 150-250 ℃ to be beneficial to the transportation of the sponge iron to a downstream process; in the method, the other path of hydrogen is merged with the circulating hydrogen which passes through the waste heat recovery and condensation device in the heating furnace and is heated to 950-1050 ℃, the high-temperature hydrogen after temperature rise is sprayed into the furnace from the middle part of the shaft furnace and is merged with the bottom hydrogen after temperature rise in the furnace to participate in the reduction reaction of the iron ore.
As a modification of the invention, the method injects 3-5 times of high-temperature hydrogen gas in the middle of the shaft furnace as the hydrogen gas required by reduction, and in addition to meeting the requirement of reducing iron ore, enough heat is also introduced into the shaft furnace to supplement the heat absorbed by the reduction reaction.
As an improvement of the invention, the method realizes the primary utilization of the sensible heat of the gas by exchanging heat between the steam generated by reduction and unreacted hydrogen and descending iron ore in the ascending process, and meanwhile, a top gas waste heat recovery and condensation device is arranged at the top of the shaft furnace to recover the unreacted hydrogen, so that the unreacted hydrogen is completely circulated. The method also comprises the step of arranging a microwave heating device in the middle of the shaft furnace to balance the heat carried by the injected hydrogen and the heat of the reduction reaction, and starting the microwave heating device to supplement the heat in the furnace when the heat carried by the injected hydrogen at the two positions is difficult to meet the heat absorbed by the reduction reaction.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages that 1) the method in the technical scheme can fully utilize the gas discharged from the top and the waste heat of the sponge iron discharged from the lower part on the premise of completing the reduction of the iron ore by the hydrogen through the means of two-stage hydrogen injection, hydrogen circulation, top gas waste heat recovery, lower sponge iron waste heat recovery and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen injection iron-making shaft furnace device;
in the figure: 1-iron ore, 2-iron making shaft furnace, 3-microwave heating device, 4-sponge iron, 5-low temperature hydrogen gas injection port, 6-high temperature hydrogen gas injection port, 7-hydrogen heating furnace, 8-waste heat recovery and condensation device, 9-hydrogen gas delivery port and 10-hydrogen gas storage tank.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
for the purpose of enhancing an understanding of the present invention, the present embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, a hydrogen injection iron-smelting shaft furnace device comprises an iron-smelting shaft furnace 2, a microwave heating device 3, a hydrogen heating furnace 7, a waste heat recovery and condensation device 8 and a hydrogen storage tank 10, wherein one end of the waste heat recovery and condensation device 8 is connected with the hydrogen heating furnace 7, the other end of the waste heat recovery and condensation device is connected with the iron-smelting shaft furnace 2, the hydrogen heating furnace 7 is arranged between the hydrogen storage tank 10 and the iron-smelting shaft furnace 2, the microwave heating device 3 is arranged in the iron-smelting shaft furnace 2, a high-temperature hydrogen injection port 6 is arranged in the middle of the shaft furnace, a low-temperature hydrogen injection port 5 is arranged at the bottom of the shaft furnace, two-stage injection of hydrogen is realized, the top of the iron-smelting shaft furnace 2 is connected with the waste heat recovery and condensation device 8 through a pipeline.
Example 2: referring to fig. 1, a method for realizing low energy consumption in hydrogen ironmaking by using the device comprises the following steps: preheating iron ore at the upper part (utilizing gas sensible heat), reducing hydrogen at the middle part, cooling sponge iron at the lower part, recovering the sensible heat of gas at the top part, blowing hydrogen at two stages and supplementing the heat at the middle part of the shaft furnace.
The method comprises the following specific steps: adding iron ore from the top of the shaft furnace, reducing the iron ore in the furnace to generate sponge iron, and discharging the sponge iron from the bottom of the shaft furnace;
the two-stage hydrogen injection is specifically as follows, two paths of hydrogen are separated from a hydrogen storage tank 10, one path of hydrogen is directly injected into the furnace from the bottom of the shaft furnace after pressure change, and exchanges heat with high-temperature sponge iron, so that the temperature of the sponge iron is reduced to 150-250 ℃ to be beneficial to the transportation of the sponge iron to a downstream process; the other path of hydrogen is merged with the circulating hydrogen which is subjected to the waste heat recovery and condensation device in the heating furnace and is heated to 950-1050 ℃, the heated high-temperature hydrogen is sprayed into the furnace from the middle part of the shaft furnace and is merged with the heated bottom hydrogen in the furnace to participate in the reduction reaction of the iron ore.
The amount of high-temperature hydrogen injected into the middle part of the shaft furnace is 3-5 times of that of hydrogen required by reduction, and enough heat is brought into the shaft furnace to supplement the heat absorbed by the reduction reaction besides meeting the requirement of reducing the iron ore.
The method also comprises the step of arranging a microwave heating device in the middle of the shaft furnace to balance the heat carried by the injected hydrogen and the heat of the reduction reaction, and starting the microwave heating device to supplement the heat in the furnace when the heat carried by the injected hydrogen at the two positions is difficult to meet the heat absorbed by the reduction reaction.
The method realizes the primary utilization of sensible heat of gas by carrying out heat exchange between the steam generated by reduction and unreacted hydrogen and descending iron ore in the ascending process, and meanwhile, a top gas waste heat recovery and condensation device is arranged at the top of the shaft furnace to recover the unreacted hydrogen, so that the unreacted hydrogen is completely circulated.
The method can fully utilize the gas discharged from the top and the waste heat of the sponge iron discharged from the lower part on the premise of completing the reduction of the iron ore by the hydrogen through the means of two-stage hydrogen injection, hydrogen circulation, top gas waste heat recovery, lower sponge iron waste heat recovery and the like.
The specific application embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the method for realizing the lowest limit energy consumption of the hydrogen iron-making shaft furnace comprises several key links of upper iron ore preheating (gas sensible heat utilization), middle hydrogen reduction, lower sponge iron cooling, top gas sensible heat recovery, two-stage hydrogen injection, middle heat supplement of the shaft furnace and the like, and the whole method can enable the energy loss of the whole process to be the lowest.
The process flow constructed according to the method described above is shown in fig. 1. The iron ore reduction shaft furnace comprises an iron making shaft furnace body 2, wherein iron ore 1 is added from the top of the iron making shaft furnace 2, and sponge iron 4 generated after reduction in the furnace is discharged from the bottom of the shaft furnace 2.
The middle part of the shaft furnace 2 is provided with a microwave heating device 3, and the microwave heating device is opened to supplement the heat in the furnace when the heat carried by the injected hydrogen at two positions is difficult to meet the heat absorbed by the reduction reaction.
Hydrogen gas supplied from the outside enters the hydrogen storage tank 10 through the supply port 9, and the hydrogen storage tank 10 mainly serves to buffer hydrogen gas and change gas pressure.
Low-temperature hydrogen can be directly sprayed into the furnace from the bottom of the shaft furnace 2 after pressure transformation through a gas spraying inlet 5 at the lower part, and can exchange heat with high-temperature sponge iron 4, the temperature of the sponge iron rises after absorbing the waste heat of the sponge iron, and meanwhile, the sponge iron is also cooled to 150-250 ℃; the other path of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank is converged with the circulating hydrogen passing through the waste heat recovery and condensation device in the heating furnace 7 and heated to 950-1050 ℃, and the heated high-temperature hydrogen is sprayed into the furnace from the middle part of the shaft furnace 2 through the gas conveying injection port 6 and is converged with the heated bottom hydrogen in the furnace to participate in the reduction reaction of the iron ore 1.
The hydrogen and the iron ore 1 are subjected to reduction reaction in the middle of the shaft furnace 2, and the steam generated by the reaction and the unreacted hydrogen exchange heat with the descending iron ore 1 in the ascending process, so that the iron ore 1 is preheated and the waste heat of the gas is utilized. The temperature of the gas after preheating the iron ore 1 reaches the top of the shaft furnace is about 200 ℃, the top gas is directly conveyed into a waste heat recovery and condensation device 8 to further utilize the waste heat of the gas and condense the water vapor, and the hydrogen content in the gas after cooling and dewatering is very high, so that the gas can be recycled.
The waste heat recovery and condensation device 8 provides a basis for hydrogen circulation of the whole process, so that hydrogen is completely utilized in the whole process, the reduction utilization rate of high-temperature hydrogen injected into the middle part of the shaft furnace 2 can be disregarded, and the injected gas amount only needs to pay attention to the balance relation between the carried physical heat and the heat absorption amount of iron ore reduction.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications and substitutions based on the above-mentioned technical solutions are within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a hydrogen jetting iron-making shaft furnace device, its characterized in that, the device includes iron-making shaft furnace, microwave heating device, hydrogen heating furnace, waste heat recovery and condensing equipment and hydrogen storage jar, the hydrogen heating furnace is connected to waste heat recovery and condensing equipment's one end, and iron-making shaft furnace is connected to the other end, the hydrogen heating furnace sets up between hydrogen storage jar and iron-making shaft furnace, microwave heating device sets up in iron-making shaft furnace.
2. The hydrogen injection ironmaking shaft furnace apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a high temperature hydrogen injection port is provided in the middle of the shaft furnace and a low temperature hydrogen injection port is provided in the bottom of the shaft furnace to achieve two-stage injection of hydrogen.
3. The hydrogen injection ironmaking shaft furnace apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the top of the ironmaking shaft furnace is connected to a waste heat recovery and condensation apparatus via a conduit to recover unreacted hydrogen and allow for full circulation of the unreacted hydrogen without regard to hydrogen utilization.
4. Method for realizing low energy consumption in hydrogen ironmaking by using the device of claims 1-3, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: preheating iron ore at the upper part (utilizing gas sensible heat), reducing hydrogen at the middle part, cooling sponge iron at the lower part, recovering the sensible heat of gas at the top part, blowing hydrogen at two stages and supplementing the heat at the middle part of the shaft furnace.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the iron ore is charged from the top of the shaft furnace and the sponge iron produced after reduction in the furnace is discharged from the bottom of the shaft furnace.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the two-stage hydrogen injection is carried out by dividing two hydrogen paths from a hydrogen storage tank, injecting one hydrogen path into the furnace directly from the bottom of the shaft furnace after pressure change, and carrying out heat exchange with high-temperature sponge iron to reduce the temperature of the sponge iron to 150-250 ℃ so as to facilitate the transportation of the sponge iron to downstream processes; in the method, the other path of hydrogen is merged with the circulating hydrogen which passes through the waste heat recovery and condensation device in the heating furnace and is heated to 950-1050 ℃, the high-temperature hydrogen after temperature rise is sprayed into the furnace from the middle part of the shaft furnace and is merged with the bottom hydrogen after temperature rise in the furnace to participate in the reduction reaction of the iron ore.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the amount of the high-temperature hydrogen injected into the middle of the shaft furnace is 3 to 5 times the amount of the hydrogen required for reduction, and sufficient heat is introduced into the shaft furnace to supplement the heat absorbed by the reduction reaction in addition to satisfying the requirement for reducing the iron ore.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112899427A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 东北大学 | Hydrogen shaft furnace iron making system and method using electric energy for heating |
| CN114410873A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-29 | 东北大学 | Pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device and method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge |
| WO2022264666A1 (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-22 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Shaft furnace operation method and reduce iron production method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112899427A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 东北大学 | Hydrogen shaft furnace iron making system and method using electric energy for heating |
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| CN114410873A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-29 | 东北大学 | Pure hydrogen shaft furnace iron-making device and method based on microwave preheating of iron-containing furnace charge |
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