CN114402820A - Vegetation recovery method for loess area dump slope - Google Patents
Vegetation recovery method for loess area dump slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN114402820A CN114402820A CN202111446427.0A CN202111446427A CN114402820A CN 114402820 A CN114402820 A CN 114402820A CN 202111446427 A CN202111446427 A CN 202111446427A CN 114402820 A CN114402820 A CN 114402820A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GNKZMNRKLCTJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-Methylacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 GNKZMNRKLCTJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000213996 Melilotus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000000839 Melilotus officinalis subsp suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000223262 Trichoderma longibrachiatum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 abstract 3
- 241000112525 Salix psammophila Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000435900 Aster altaicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209049 Poa pratensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetation recovery method for a loess area dump side slope, which comprises the steps of firstly laying sand willow grids by adopting pretreated sand willow strips, namely arranging a plurality of rhombic grids on the loess area dump side slope, dipping the lower ends of cut and treated sand willow cutting ears into a survival accelerant, then directly cutting the sand willow cutting ears into soil according to rhombic grid lines, wherein the exposed height of the cutting ears is 5-15 cm. Secondly, constructing green manure lattices by adopting green manure plants such as alfalfa, Shadaowang, sweet clover and the like, utilizing the coupling relation of plant phenology and climate, after the Salix psammophila cutting seedlings survive, soaking the mixed seeds of the green manure with hot water for accelerating germination before the rainfall day/period, sowing the mixed seeds according to 3-5 kg/mu, and sowing the seeds and sandy soil according to the proportion of 1: 2, the cuttage seedlings of salix mongolica are densely planted in a grid shape, runoff and silt are effectively intercepted, and water and soil loss is remarkably stopped. The intercepted runoff can improve the survival rate of the salix mongolica (up to 52.9 percent), can also improve the coverage degree of the herbaceous vegetation (up to 85 percent) and biomass, and obviously improves the vegetation recovery effect in a mining area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vegetation recovery method, in particular to a vegetation recovery method for a loess area refuse dump side slope.
Background
A large amount of waste generated by open pit coal mining is stacked to form a dumping site, and the newly-built dumping site has the problems of serious water and soil loss, wind erosion, soil pollution and the like. The waste dump is used as a special artificial ecosystem, the interference is great, the restoration tolerance of the original ecosystem is exceeded, self-ecological restoration is difficult to realize, in addition, open mines in China are mostly located in arid and semi-arid ecological fragile areas, the waste dump is mostly affected by wind and sand, the interference of drought is serious, the natural conditions are severe, the vegetation restoration is difficult, the ecological reconstruction is seriously blocked, and the ecological environment problems of water and soil loss, landslide and the like are further aggravated. In particular, loess-covered soil is generally adopted in a loess region waste dump for ecological reconstruction, and runoff is easily formed due to the fact that a platform is mechanically compacted firmly and has poor permeability; the soil body of the side slope is loose and naturally subsides only depending on gravity, and the slope is generally steep, so that disasters such as surface erosion, fine groove erosion, shallow trench erosion, collapse erosion, even collapse, landslide and mud flow are easily caused, and the local ecological safety is seriously influenced. Therefore, it is urgent to find an ecological reconstruction mode capable of effectively preventing water and soil loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical task of the invention is to provide a vegetation recovery method for the side slope of the waste dump in the loess area aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a vegetation recovery method for a loess area dump slope comprises the following specific steps:
step A: preprocessing salix mongolica cutting seedlings, selecting straight salix mongolica seedling strips growing for 1-2 years, cutting the seedling strips into cutting slips with the length of 20-30 cm, and vertically soaking the cutting slips in water for 3-5 days for later use;
and B: building a salix mongolica net, namely arranging a plurality of rhombic grids on the slope surface of a side slope of a soil field, wherein the side length of each rhombic grid is 1-2 m, and the acute angle of each rhombic grid is 60 degrees;
and C: cutting salix mongolica, dipping the lower end of a cutting slip into rooting powder before cutting, and then directly cutting the cutting slip into the side line of the rhombic grid, wherein the exposed height of the cutting slip is 5-15 cm;
step D: constructing green manure grids: sowing mixed seeds of alfalfa, Shadaowang and sweet clover in a ratio of 3-5 kg/mu, and sowing the seeds and sandy soil in a ratio of 1: 2, mixing and sprinkling.
Further improvement: in the step B, two groups of standard lines are firstly arranged on the side slope of the refuse dump, each group of standard lines consists of a plurality of mutually parallel pull ropes, and the included angle between the two groups of standard lines is 60 degrees.
The invention has the advantages that: the Salix mongolica cutting seedlings are densely planted in a grid shape, runoff is effectively intercepted, the runoff track of a slope is obviously changed, the runoff scouring force and sand carrying capacity are weakened, water and soil loss is obviously prevented, meanwhile, the loss of seeds sowed in green manure grids is effectively prevented, the intercepted runoff can provide sufficient water for vegetation recovery, the survival rate of the vegetation is further improved, the survival rate of the Salix mongolica can reach 52.9% in the year, the coverage and the biomass of the vegetation can also be improved, the coverage of the vegetation can reach 85%, and the biomass can reach 10.2-29.6 t/hm after 8 years2And the rain drops can be efficiently prevented from splashing and erosion. The diversity of colony falling species is obviously increased, 6 pioneer species can be increased in the same year, the community succession rate can be increased, zonal plant species in the middle stage of succession such as Heteropappus altaicus, Mongolian warts, Lai grass, Poa pratensis and the like can be increased after 8 years of recovery, the community stability is obviously enhanced, and the water and soil conservation sustainability of the vegetation is ensured. Obviously improving the soil structure, being beneficial to increasing the corrosion resistance and the water storage capacity of the soil, improving the nutrient impoverishment of the soil and providing nutrient guarantee for the growth of the vegetation on the slope. Cheap raw materials, simple and easy construction and no ecological risk.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
Example one
Step A: preprocessing salix mongolica cutting seedlings, selecting straight salix mongolica seedling strips growing for 1-2 years, cutting the seedling strips into cutting slips with the length of 20cm, and vertically soaking the cutting slips in water for 3d for later use;
and B: the sand willow net is constructed, two groups of standard lines 1 are arranged on a side slope of a waste dump, each group of standard lines 1 is composed of a plurality of pull ropes which are parallel to each other, an included angle between the two groups of standard lines 1 is 60 degrees, and therefore a plurality of rhombic grids are formed on the slope surface of the side slope of the waste dump, and the side length of each rhombic grid is 1 m.
And C: cutting salix mongolica, dipping the lower end of a cutting slip into rooting powder before cutting, and then directly cutting the cutting slip into the side line of the rhombic grid, wherein the exposed height of the cutting slip is 5 cm;
step D: constructing green manure grids: sowing mixed seeds of alfalfa, Shadaowang and sweet clover according to 3 kg/mu, and before sowing, sowing the seeds and sandy soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 2, mixing and sprinkling.
The key of the survival by cuttage lies in whether the root can rapidly take root and the root system can rapidly grow strongly, therefore, the mixed powder of rooting powder, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma longibrachiatum is adopted as the survival promoter by cuttage.
According to the coupling relation between plant phenology and climate, mainly referring to the action relation of plant to the response relation of plant to climate change in the process of seed germination, seedling emergence and survival and growth and the normal growth of plant in different phenology periods under climate conditions; aiming at the favorable climatic conditions required by germination and emergence of seeds, survival of seedlings and growth of leguminous plants such as alfalfa, Shadaowang, sweet clover and the like, the construction of the salix mongolica lattice is utilized to prevent wind erosion and block water and sand in early spring around 5 months, after cutting strips survive and grow branches and leaves, a micro habitat which is easier to store water and fertilizer is formed, and the micro climate in the salix mongolica lattice is improved, can reduce the interference range and intensity of dry hot air, reduce water evapotranspiration, is easier to accumulate precipitation, provides favorable water condition and microclimate condition for sowing leguminous plants such as alfalfa, Shadawang, sweet clover and the like, but also the favorable guarantee conditions can increase the selection and the flexibility of the sowing time of the leguminous plants sowed later, and usually the whole germination season has certain rainfall weather, germination acceleration can be adopted to quickly finish germination and seedling emergence, and a waiting strategy can be adopted under special conditions such as no effective rainfall climate in a short period, and the latest period can be prolonged to 7 months middle and late.
Example two
Step A: preprocessing salix mongolica cutting seedlings, selecting straight salix mongolica seedling strips growing for 1-2 years, cutting the seedling strips into cutting slips with the length of 25cm, and vertically soaking the cutting slips in water for 4d for later use;
and B: the sand willow net is constructed by arranging two groups of standard lines on a side slope of a waste dump, wherein each group of standard lines consists of a plurality of pull ropes which are parallel to each other, and the included angle between the two groups of standard lines is 60 degrees, so that a plurality of rhombic grids are formed on the slope surface of the side slope of the waste dump, and the side length of each rhombic grid is 1.5 m.
And C: cutting salix mongolica, dipping the lower end of a cutting slip into rooting powder before cutting, and then directly cutting the cutting slip into the side line of the rhombic grid, wherein the exposed height of the cutting slip is 10 cm;
step D: constructing green manure grids: sowing mixed seeds of alfalfa, Shadaowang and sweet clover in a weight ratio of 4 kg/mu, and sowing the seeds and sandy soil in a weight ratio of 1: 2, mixing and sprinkling.
EXAMPLE III
Step A: preprocessing salix mongolica cutting seedlings, selecting straight salix mongolica seedling strips growing for 1-2 years, cutting the seedling strips into cutting slips with the length of 30cm, and vertically soaking the cutting slips in water for 5d for later use;
and B: the sand willow net is constructed by arranging two groups of standard lines on a side slope of a waste dump, wherein each group of standard lines consists of a plurality of pull ropes which are parallel to each other, and the included angle between the two groups of standard lines is 60 degrees, so that a plurality of rhombic grids are formed on the slope surface of the side slope of the waste dump, and the side length of each rhombic grid is 2 m.
And C: cutting salix mongolica, dipping the lower end of a cutting slip into rooting powder before cutting, and then directly cutting the cutting slip into the side line of the rhombic grid, wherein the exposed height of the cutting slip is 15 cm;
step D: constructing green manure grids: sowing mixed seeds of alfalfa, Shadaowang and sweet clover according to 5 kg/mu, and before sowing, sowing the seeds and sandy soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 2, mixing and sprinkling.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A vegetation recovery method for a loess area dump slope is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step A: preprocessing salix mongolica cutting seedlings, selecting straight salix mongolica seedling strips growing for 1-2 years, cutting the seedling strips into cutting slips with the length of 20-30 cm, and vertically soaking the cutting slips in water for 3-5 days for later use;
and B: building a salix mongolica net, namely arranging a plurality of rhombic grids on the slope surface of a side slope of a soil field, wherein the side length of each rhombic grid is 1-2 m, and the acute angle of each rhombic grid is 60 degrees;
and C: cutting salix mongolica, dipping the lower end of a cutting slip into a survival accelerant before cutting, then directly cutting the cutting slip into the side line of a rhombic grid, wherein the exposed height of the cutting slip is 5-15 cm, the survival accelerant is composed of rooting powder, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma longibrachiatum mixed powder, and the mixed fungicide is prepared according to the following steps: b, bacillus subtilis: the Trichoderma longibrachiatum is 20: 4: 1, mixing;
step D: constructing green manure grids: sowing mixed seeds of alfalfa, Shadaowang and sweet clover in a ratio of 3-5 kg/mu, and sowing the seeds and sandy soil in a ratio of 1: 2, mixing and sprinkling.
2. The method for recovering vegetation on the side slope of the waste dump in the loess area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step B, two groups of standard lines are firstly arranged on the side slope of the refuse dump, each group of standard lines consists of a plurality of mutually parallel pull ropes, and the included angle between the two groups of standard lines is 60 degrees.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111446427.0A CN114402820A (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Vegetation recovery method for loess area dump slope |
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| CN202111446427.0A CN114402820A (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Vegetation recovery method for loess area dump slope |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102505700A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-20 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Willow rod anchoring side slope protection method for loess area |
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| JP2017000098A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-05 | 日本植生株式会社 | Planting method |
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| CN107548941A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-09 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | The raw Chinese tamarisk hardwood cutting and seedling raising method of one planting sand |
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| CN109763505A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-17 | 成都理工大学 | A method of combining slope protection using solid soil material-phytobiocoenose |
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| CN211773776U (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-10-27 | 准格尔旗昶旭煤炭有限责任公司 | Dumping ground soil erosion and water loss protection device of opencut coal mine |
| CN111919630A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-13 | 西安理工大学 | Vegetation construction method for reducing soil erosion of trench wall in loess area |
-
2021
- 2021-11-30 CN CN202111446427.0A patent/CN114402820A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (13)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102505700A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-20 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Willow rod anchoring side slope protection method for loess area |
| CN103222409A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-31 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | Salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method |
| CN104429215A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 西安科技大学 | Ecological restoration management method for coal spontaneous combustion fire potential areas |
| JP2017000098A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-05 | 日本植生株式会社 | Planting method |
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| CN205357221U (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-06 | 曾福英 | Revegetation structure of high steep slag body side slope |
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