CN114391440A - High-quality rice planting method - Google Patents

High-quality rice planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114391440A
CN114391440A CN202210069919.0A CN202210069919A CN114391440A CN 114391440 A CN114391440 A CN 114391440A CN 202210069919 A CN202210069919 A CN 202210069919A CN 114391440 A CN114391440 A CN 114391440A
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Prior art keywords
rice
planting
field
seedlings
seeds
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CN202210069919.0A
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Inventor
曹良子
孙世臣
丁国华
周劲松
洛育
白良明
刘凯
任洋
王江旭
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Institute of Tillage and Cultivation Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Tillage and Cultivation Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN202210069919.0A priority Critical patent/CN114391440A/en
Publication of CN114391440A publication Critical patent/CN114391440A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08Immunising seed

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-quality rice planting method. The invention comprises the following steps: the rice field processing, the seedling cultivation, the seedling transplanting and the field rice management are carried out, the upper limit of the yield per mu of the rice is improved by adopting the optimized rice excavated after the gene marking technology, the rice planted by the invention has high yield, rich nutrition and good green ecological quality, the variety related to the rice seedling manages and controls the water in the rice field, the germination accelerating and seeding speed is high, the seedling morbidity is low, the rice growth is stable, and the management of the seedling cultivation, the seedling transplanting and the field rice after seeding during the rice planting can provide a scientific planting technology in the rice planting process to help and guide the yield of the rice to reach the yield corresponding to the planting area.

Description

High-quality rice planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice planting, in particular to a high-quality rice planting method.
Background
Rice is one of important food crops for human, and the history of cultivation and eating is quite long. Rice is consumed by half of the world's population, mainly in asia, southern europe and tropical america and parts of africa. The total yield of rice accounts for the third crop yield of the world, is lower than that of corn and wheat, but can maintain the life of a large population, so that 2004 in the united nations is international rice years, the seeds of rice are rice, the rice is called brown rice after glumes of the rice are removed, the brown rice is ground to remove a rice bran layer to obtain the rice, nearly half of the world population uses the rice as staple food, the rice can be eaten, and can be used for brewing wine and sugar making, and the rice hulls and rice stalks can be used as livestock feed.
The rice is divided into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice according to the rice type, conventional rice and hybrid rice according to the seed reserving mode, and other classifications, namely paddy rice and floating rice according to whether soilless culture is carried out or not; dividing season rice and 'lazy rice' (overyear ratoon rice) according to the survival cycle; the rice is divided into common rice and giant rice about 2 meters according to the height; the method is divided into common light rice and 'seawater rice' according to saline-alkali resistance.
In the process of planting rice, due to the lack of guidance of scientific planting technology, the yield of the rice at present does not reach the yield which is obtained by the planting area, and aiming at the problems, the application document provides a high-quality rice planting method which can effectively solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-quality rice planting method to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a high-quality rice planting method, which comprises the following steps;
step S1: rice field treatment, namely turning over the rice field before planting rice seedlings, applying farmyard manure, and managing and controlling the water in the rice field by associating the varieties of the rice seedlings;
step S2: rice seedling treatment, which artificially creates a suitable environment and promotes batch and concentrated germination of rice seeds;
step S3: seedling cultivation, namely creating a greenhouse seedling environment, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the height of a greenhouse to be 1.5-1.7 m, and keeping the temperature of a seedbed in the greenhouse to be 19-12 ℃;
step S4: transplanting seedlings, namely transplanting the seedlings manually or mechanically, wherein the seedlings are planted in narrow rows in the process, the transplanting period is a period that the sunshine duration is not less than ten hours after the local planting, the duration time is not less than two months, and the temperature is optimally 27-31 ℃;
step S5: the rice management in the field comprises a vegetative growth stage and a reproductive growth stage, wherein the rice is planted and then the moisture in the field is kept to be matched with seedlings, and the reproductive growth stage needs to supplement moisture and a fertilizer containing mineral nutrition to a planting field in time
Preferably: in the step S1, the farmyard manure is mainly organic fertilizers such as pig manure, cow manure, plant ash and the like, is put into the field after rotting and maturing, is applied by about one hundred kilograms per mu, and is put into the flat paddy field.
Preferably: in the step S2, the rice seeds are germinated by breaking breast at high temperature, moisturizing and sprouting, and airing the sprouts at low temperature, wherein the temperature is higher within the upper limit of 35 ℃, the breast breaking of the seeds is quicker and more orderly, when the white sprouts of the seeds are exposed and are most easily burned, the temperature is immediately reduced to below 30 ℃, the sprouting and sprouting are not performed at higher temperature as long as the temperature is not higher than 30 ℃, the temperature is generally higher than the ground temperature at that time, so when the white sprouts are exposed at the breast breaking, the white sprouts are aired at low temperature, the sprouts are exercised, and the adaptability and vitality of the sprouted rice to the external environment after sowing are enhanced.
Preferably: the rice seedlings are high-yield and high-quality rice strains which are preferably selected by adopting a gene marking technology.
Preferably: and step S5, in the field rice management, three times of field drainage are sequentially performed in the early stage of rice plant division, the rice grain covering period during rice inoculation and the early stage of rice maturity for 20 days, and the disease condition of the field rice is emphasized, so that the pesticide is sprayed in time.
Preferably: and S4, in the seedling transplanting process, the planting row spacing of the seedlings is 25-33 cm in small rows and 60-66 cm in large rows when the seedlings are planted in narrow rows.
Preferably: in the step S4, the density of the rice seedlings is controlled to be about 24 holes per square meter during the seedling transplanting.
Preferably: after the rice seeds are selected and collected and before germination hastening, the seeds need to be cleaned, sunned and disinfected, impurities on the surfaces of the seeds are removed during cleaning, the seeds are aired during sunning, namely, the seeds are uniformly spread out and are turned regularly, the airing uniformity is ensured, the seeds are disinfected during disinfection, disinfectants with proper types and concentrations are selected according to specific seed characteristics, and the disinfection time is reasonably controlled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the gene marking technology to excavate the optimized rice, improves the upper limit of the yield per mu of the rice, has high yield of the planted rice, rich nutrition and good green ecological quality, manages and controls the water in the rice field by associating the rice seedling variety, has high germination accelerating and seeding speed, low seedling morbidity and stable rice growth, can provide scientific planting technology in the process of planting the rice by processing the rice field and the seedling, and managing the field rice after cultivation, seedling transplanting and seeding during the rice planting, and can help and guide the rice yield to reach the yield which is obtained by the planting area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high-quality rice planting method according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a high-quality rice planting method according to the present invention includes the following steps;
step S1: rice field treatment, namely turning over the rice field before planting rice seedlings, applying farmyard manure, and managing and controlling the water in the rice field by associating the varieties of the rice seedlings;
the dry seedlings are rice seedlings cultivated in dry fields with rich soil, farmers can not realize the dry seedlings due to the limitation of various reasons, only can grow seedlings by paddy fields, but the paddy fields are cooler and hard, the soil quality is not favorable for the growth of dry seedling roots, and the phenomena of thin roots, few roots, short roots, few white roots and weak root activity can be caused, so that the seedlings grow badly in the seedling stage, the green turning speed is reduced, the damage to the development process of the rice is great, the yield and the quality are reduced, and the rice field needs to be reformed by rice seedling varieties before the rice seedlings are planted.
Step S2: rice seedling treatment, which artificially creates a suitable environment and promotes batch and concentrated germination of rice seeds;
under the same other conditions, the germination accelerating seeding is faster than the non-germination accelerating seeding for over 4 days, the seedlings are uniform, the seedling rate is improved by 5-10%, and the seedling field period is shortened.
Step S3: seedling cultivation, namely creating a greenhouse seedling environment, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the height of a greenhouse to be 1.5-1.7 m, and keeping the temperature of a seedbed in the greenhouse to be 19-12 ℃;
avoid the big characteristic of canopy receiving the difference in temperature influence round the clock, reduce the incidence of disease of seedling.
Step S4: transplanting seedlings, namely transplanting the seedlings manually or mechanically, wherein the seedlings are planted in narrow rows in the process, the transplanting period is a period that the sunshine duration is not less than ten hours after the local planting, the duration time is not less than two months, and the temperature is optimally 27-31 ℃;
when the time of the sun irradiation on the rice is short, the conditions of malnutrition, reduction of the growth period of the rice and the like can occur, sufficient sunlight irradiation guarantees the quality of the rice, the growth speed of the rice is influenced by the temperature, and the rice is suitable for rapid growth at the temperature of 27-31 ℃.
Step S5: and (2) managing the rice in the field, wherein the rice is divided into a vegetative growth stage and a reproductive growth stage in the field, the water content in the field is kept to be matched with seedlings after the rice is planted, and the water and a fertilizer containing mineral nutrition are required to be supplemented into the planting field in time in the reproductive growth stage.
After the stage of jointing of the rice, the plant enters the stage of rapid growth and enlargement, the demand for water is increased, reasonable irrigation is needed at the moment, the demand for water of the rice is the highest from the heading stage, the water supply to the rice is increased, and the irrigation strength is increased.
In step S1, the farmyard manure is mainly made of organic fertilizers such as pig manure, cow manure, plant ash and the like, is put into the field after rotting and maturing, is applied by about one hundred jin per mu, and is put into the flat paddy field.
The rotten organic fertilizer has sufficient nutrients and can meet the nutrient supply of the rice in the whole growth period.
In step S2, the rice seeds are germinated by breaking breast at high temperature, moisturizing and sprouting, and airing the sprouts at low temperature, wherein the temperature is higher within the upper limit of 35 ℃, the breast breaking of the seeds is quicker and more orderly, when the white sprouts of the seeds are exposed and are most easy to burn, the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ immediately, and the sprouting is not burnt at higher temperature as long as the temperature is not higher than 30 ℃, which is generally higher than the ground temperature at that time, so when the white sprouts are exposed at the breast breaking and reach about 80%, the sprouts are aired at low temperature, so that the sprouts are exercised, and the adaptability and vitality of the sprouts to the external environment after sowing are enhanced.
The technical requirements of pregermination are as follows: the rapid germination accelerating method is characterized in that the germination accelerating is rapid, the germination accelerating is realized within 2 days, wherein the chest breaking requires 24 hours, and the germination accelerating at a proper temperature requires about 12 hours; the term "neat" means that more than 85% of rice seeds reach the standard of germination; "all" means that the roots and buds are uniform;
breaking the chest at high temperature: when the embryo breaks through the chaff and is exposed, the seed is called to break the chest, after the seed absorbs enough moisture, the proper temperature is the main condition for fast and orderly breaking the chest, and generally, within the high temperature upper limit of 35 ℃, the higher the temperature is, the more vigorous the physiological activity of the seed is, the faster and orderly the chest breaking is, the method comprises the following steps: the seeds with sufficient moisture are put into warm water at about 55 ℃ for stirring, when the water temperature reaches about 30 ℃, the seeds are soaked for half a day and then fished out, the seeds are wrapped by a gauze bag and put in a constant temperature place, the stacking thickness of the seeds is not more than 50 cm during germination acceleration, the temperature is controlled at 30-32 ℃, the seeds are turned over for 3-4 times every day, the upper temperature and the lower temperature of the rice seeds are enabled to be consistent, the chest breaking is promoted to be neat and rapid, and the chest breaking can be realized within 12-24 hours generally.
Moisturizing and accelerating germination: when the white buds of the seeds are exposed and are most easy to burn, the temperature is immediately reduced to below 30 ℃, the buds cannot be burned as long as the temperature is not higher than 30 ℃, after the buds break and bud, the temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, the humidity is kept at about 80%, and the buds can be accelerated after 12 hours.
And (3) airing buds at low temperature: because the budding is carried out at a higher temperature which is generally higher than the ground temperature at that time, when the chest-breaking exposure reaches about 80%, the seeds are spread and dried at a low temperature to exercise the buds, so that the adaptability and vitality of the sowed sprouted rice to the external environment are enhanced, and the seeds can be sowed after accelerating the buds and spreading and drying at a natural temperature of more than 5 ℃ indoors for one day to achieve the aim of 'wet inside and dry outside'.
The rice seedlings are high-yield and high-quality rice strains which are preferably selected by adopting a gene marking technology.
And step S5, performing field rice management, wherein three times of field drainage are sequentially performed in the early stage of rice plant division, the rice grain covering period during rice inoculation and the early stage of rice maturity for 20 days, paying attention to disease conditions of field rice, and spraying pesticide in time.
Draining water in the early stage of rice plant division in the early stage to separate more plants from rice;
draining water when the rice is inoculated into rice kernels in the middle period to ensure that the rice is fully absorbed by sunlight and the rice kernels are fully formed, which is a water yield control method for high yield of the rice;
and (4) draining water in the later period in 20 days before the rice is mature, controlling the rice to absorb water and ensuring that the rice grains are full and full.
And step S4, in the seedling transplanting process, the planting row spacing of the seedlings is 25-33 cm in small rows and 60-66 cm in large rows when the seedlings are planted in narrow rows.
The planting mode is favorable for improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions, the row closing of the plants is late, and the field management in the middle and later periods is facilitated. The planting mode is adopted in the high water fertilizer land, which is beneficial to increasing the density and improving the yield.
And step S4, controlling the density of transplanting rice to be about 24 holes per square meter during transplanting rice seedlings.
After the rice seeds are selected and collected and before germination is promoted, the seeds need to be cleaned, sunned and disinfected, impurities on the surfaces of the seeds are removed during cleaning, the seeds are aired during sunning, namely, the seeds are uniformly spread out and are turned regularly, the airing uniformity is ensured, the seeds are disinfected during disinfection, disinfectants with proper types and concentrations are selected according to specific seed characteristics, and the disinfection time is reasonably controlled.
For rice planting, specifically: the invention has the advantages that the rice yield is high, the nutrition is rich, the green ecological quality is good, the water in the rice field is managed and controlled by the related rice seedling varieties, the germination accelerating and seeding speed is high, the seedling morbidity is low, the rice growth is stable, the management of the field rice after seedling cultivation, seedling transplanting and seeding during rice planting is realized by processing the rice field and the rice seedlings, the scientific planting technology can be provided in the process of planting the rice, and the yield of the rice is helped and guided to reach the yield which is obtained by the planting area.
While the invention has been described in further detail in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various other modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should be considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A high-quality rice planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps;
step S1: rice field treatment, namely turning over the rice field before planting rice seedlings, applying farmyard manure, and managing and controlling the water in the rice field by associating the varieties of the rice seedlings;
step S2: rice seedling treatment, which artificially creates a suitable environment and promotes batch and concentrated germination of rice seeds;
step S3: seedling cultivation, namely creating a greenhouse seedling environment, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the height of a greenhouse to be 1.5-1.7 m, and keeping the temperature of a seedbed in the greenhouse to be 19-12 ℃;
step S4: transplanting seedlings, namely transplanting the seedlings manually or mechanically, wherein the seedlings are planted in narrow rows in the process, the transplanting period is a period that the sunshine duration is not less than ten hours after the local planting, the duration time is not less than two months, and the temperature is optimally 27-31 ℃;
step S5: and (2) managing the rice in the field, wherein the rice is divided into a vegetative growth stage and a reproductive growth stage in the field, the water content in the field is kept to be matched with seedlings after the rice is planted, and the water and a fertilizer containing mineral nutrition are required to be supplemented into the planting field in time in the reproductive growth stage.
2. The method for planting high-quality rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the farmyard manure is mainly organic fertilizers such as pig manure, cow manure, plant ash and the like, is put into the field after rotting and maturing, is applied by about one hundred kilograms per mu, and is put into the flat paddy field.
3. The method for planting high-quality rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the rice seeds are germinated by breaking breast at high temperature, moisturizing and sprouting, and airing the sprouts at low temperature, wherein the temperature is higher within the upper limit of 35 ℃, the breast breaking of the seeds is quicker and more orderly, when the white sprouts of the seeds are exposed and are most easily burned, the temperature is immediately reduced to below 30 ℃, the sprouting and sprouting are not performed at higher temperature as long as the temperature is not higher than 30 ℃, the temperature is generally higher than the ground temperature at that time, so when the white sprouts are exposed at the breast breaking, the white sprouts are aired at low temperature, the sprouts are exercised, and the adaptability and vitality of the sprouted rice to the external environment after sowing are enhanced.
4. The method for planting high-quality rice according to claim 1, wherein: the rice seedlings are high-yield and high-quality rice strains which are preferably selected by adopting a gene marking technology.
5. The method for planting high-quality rice according to claim 1, wherein: and step S5, in the field rice management, three times of field drainage are sequentially performed in the early stage of rice plant division, the rice grain covering period during rice inoculation and the early stage of rice maturity for 20 days, and the disease condition of the field rice is emphasized, so that the pesticide is sprayed in time.
6. The method for planting high-quality rice according to claim 1, wherein: and S4, in the seedling transplanting process, the planting row spacing of the seedlings is 25-33 cm in small rows and 60-66 cm in large rows when the seedlings are planted in narrow rows.
7. The method for planting high-quality rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the density of the rice seedlings is controlled to be about 24 holes per square meter during the seedling transplanting.
8. The method for planting high-quality rice according to claim 1, wherein: after the rice seeds are selected and collected and before germination hastening, the seeds need to be cleaned, sunned and disinfected, impurities on the surfaces of the seeds are removed during cleaning, the seeds are aired during sunning, namely, the seeds are uniformly spread out and are turned regularly, the airing uniformity is ensured, the seeds are disinfected during disinfection, disinfectants with proper types and concentrations are selected according to specific seed characteristics, and the disinfection time is reasonably controlled.
CN202210069919.0A 2022-01-21 2022-01-21 High-quality rice planting method Pending CN114391440A (en)

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