CN114391430A - Planting method for planting cistanche deserticola by inoculating atriplex canescens in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Planting method for planting cistanche deserticola by inoculating atriplex canescens in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114391430A CN114391430A CN202111571130.7A CN202111571130A CN114391430A CN 114391430 A CN114391430 A CN 114391430A CN 202111571130 A CN202111571130 A CN 202111571130A CN 114391430 A CN114391430 A CN 114391430A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
A method for inoculating cistanche deserticola in atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: planting atriplex canescens seedlings between 10 months and 11 months and inoculating cistanche seeds; step two: watering once after the seedlings begin to sprout in the spring of the next year; weeding periodically, and mowing for one to two times according to the growth vigor of atriplex canescens seedlings after 8-10 months of the next year of planting, wherein the pruned branches can be used as silage to feed livestock such as cattle and sheep; step three: the cistanche deserticola is harvested and dug at the temperature of 11-12 months next year according to the temperature change, the temperature is not reduced to below zero to avoid freezing damage, and the overground branches and leaves of the atriplex canescens can still be used as the silage of livestock. The method provided by the invention can be used for inoculating cistanche seeds while planting atriplex canescens seedlings, so that secondary inoculation operation is avoided, and the planting benefit is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cistanche deserticola planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting cistanche deserticola by inoculating atriplex canescens in saline-alkali soil.
Background
Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt, also known as Atriplex canescens, is a perennial feed shrub produced in the midwestern region of the United states, has no obvious trunk, many branches and large biomass; the special salt vesicle halophyte is a typical salt vesicle halophyte, has the excellent characteristics of fast growth, drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance, cold resistance, barren resistance and the like, has the names of a miracle tree and a biological desalter, and is a pioneer tree species for improving pastures, preventing wind and fixing sand, maintaining water and soil and improving and utilizing saline-alkali soil.
The atriplex canescens leaves are intergrown, strip-shaped or needle-shaped, and analysis of the anatomical structure of the leaves shows that epidermal cells of the leaves are large, the outer walls of the cells are thickened, the arrangement is compact, palisade tissues are developed, and water storage tissues are provided; the cytoplasm is densely distributed on two sides of the leaf, so that the osmotic pressure of the cells can be increased, and the water absorption and storage capacity is improved; the vascular bundles are arranged tightly and the vascular tissues are developed; the vascular bundle sheath cells contain a large amount of chloroplasts, the arrangement direction of the chloroplasts is consistent with the arrangement of the palisade tissues, the photosynthesis area can be increased, the water delivery area of the leaves can be increased, and the rapid water transfer can be ensured. The salt vesicles are uniformly distributed on the front and back of the atriplex canescens leaf, and the number of the salt vesicles on the surface of the young leaf is the largest.
The introduction results of degraded pastures in western China from 1976 to 1982 show that the atriplex canescens can improve and restore the quality of the degraded pastures, and particularly, shrubs are not easy to be buried by snow after snow is removed in winter and spring, so that the disaster resistance of the pastures is improved. Subsequently, the atriplex canescens is subjected to introduction and cultivation experiments in arid and semiarid regions such as Xinjiang, inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Gansu in China, and the results show that the atriplex canescens can grow well when planted in the Craya region with the annual average rainfall of only 105 mm. The common plants can not grow normally after the salt content of the soil exceeds 3 per mill, the atriplex canescens has strong salt tolerance, and the soil can grow normally when the salt content of the soil is below 15 per mill. After the yield is more than 18 per thousand, the plant is stressed by salt, and the amount of new shoots of the branches is reduced; after the salt content reaches 26 per mill, the plant growth is severely inhibited, but the plant can still survive, the basal branches and leaves of the stems have no obvious withering or death symptom of the whole plant, and the plant can still grow normally once the condition is improved. The atriplex canescens is also an excellent plant for improving saline-alkali soil, one hectare of atriplex canescens can absorb salt above 2.5t from soil one year, and after the atriplex canescens are planted by abandoning the saline-alkali soil, the salinity can be reduced to a level enough for planting grains. The atriplex canescens can accelerate the soil development, the soil layer under the shrubs is thicker, and compared with the soil between the shrubs, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and organic matters, the microbial activity and the soil permeability are higher. The atriplex canescens is easy to be infected by mycorrhiza, and can effectively enhance the soil fertility. The atriplex canescens has developed root system, and can effectively reduce the direct washing and conveying capacity of rainwater on the soil surface. The atriplex canescens branches and leaves as the feed have higher nutritional value, and multiple plant nutritional indexes obviously exceed those of alfalfa and other feed plants, and the palatability is good. The atriplex canescens has high growth speed, large biomass and cutting resistance, and is an excellent feed for various livestock and wild animals. The atriplex canescens is introduced in more than ten provinces (regions) of Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and the like in China, can grow well in most regions, and can blossom and bear fruits. The four-wing litters are expected to become ideal feeding shrub plants for treating arid, semiarid and coastal saline-alkali soil in northwest, northwest and northeast regions. Recent research shows that the atriplex canescens can be inoculated with rare traditional Chinese medicine cistanche, and the cistanche has higher content of effective components and better quality, thereby further improving the utilization value of the species.
The salinization degree of the land in the yellow river delta area is high, the ecological environment is weak, and about 800 mu of land is not utilized at present. As an important reserve cultivated land resource in China, the efficient ecological utilization of saline-alkali soil in the region is always the policy guide of national and local governments on the yellow river delta. The Bohai sea granary agricultural science and technology demonstration project is started by the science and technology department in 2013, and medium and light saline-alkali soil in yellow river delta is developed and utilized; and national strategies for ecological protection and high-quality development of the yellow river basin are determined in 2019. The agricultural development of the yellow river delta has important strategic significance for improving the land increment and guaranteeing the granary in China.
In China, various methods are tried to improve saline-alkali soil and reduce the saline-alkali degree of the soil, and the saline-alkali soil is used for planting crops which are not very resistant to salt, such as wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, cotton and the like. By using the methods, good results are obtained in the treatment and utilization of saline-alkali soil of yellow river delta, but the defects of the methods are obvious. For example, the method has the defects of large engineering amount, high early investment, large water consumption, frequent salt return, and inconsistency with the principle of priority of ecological protection, and cannot meet the requirement and the aim of the ecological efficient development of the yellow river delta. In recent years, the concept of efficient utilization of saline and alkaline land has been shifting. The traditional mode is to adapt to the growth of conventional crops by changing the characteristics of saline-alkali soil, and the new mode of saline-alkali soil utilization is to screen and culture special crops which can be suitable for the growth of saline-alkali soil under the condition of not changing the ecological conditions of the saline-alkali soil. The new mode is called saline-alkali agriculture, namely breaks through the traditional mode of saline-alkali soil treatment, plants salt-tolerant crops with strong saline-alkali resistance and high economic value, develops ecological adaptive characteristic agriculture of the saline-alkali soil, and is a fundamental way for protecting the natural ecology of the yellow river delta and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method for inoculating cistanche deserticola in atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that a research team conducts an introduction and cultivation experiment of atriplex canescens in east Shandong saline-alkali soil of Shandong in 2020 and successfully inoculates cistanche deserticola, and provides a basis for further popularizing and planting atriplex canescens in large area in yellow river delta areas. The ecological environment is improved, a large amount of high-quality silage can be provided for the livestock breeding industry, the development of the cistanche deserticola industry can be driven, and the economic and ecological benefits are remarkable. Therefore, the great popularization of the atriplex canescens inoculation cistanche salsa planting technology in saline-alkali soil has important significance for the ecological, efficient and sustainable utilization of coastal saline-alkali soil and yellow river delta saline-alkali soil in China. .
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for inoculating cistanche deserticola in atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planting atriplex canescens seedlings between 10 months and 11 months and inoculating cistanche seeds, wherein the planting is to dig a planting ditch according to the planting density, after the planting ditch is dug, 1-2kg of sandy loam is placed in a plastic pot with the thickness of 38cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 9cm, 150g-200g of cistanche seeds are placed in the pot, are uniformly mixed with the sandy loam and then are uniformly scattered on two sides of the planting ditch, then the atriplex canescens seedlings are placed in the middle of the planting ditch, and are backfilled with soil from two sides to the middle, so that the atriplex canescens seedlings can be vertically fixed, the backfilled soil is level to the ground, the soil is compacted, the watering is carried out along the planting ditch, after water permeates into the soil, ridges are formed on the soil from two sides to the middle, the soil is compacted, the soil is 20cm higher than the ground, and the width is 30-40 cm;
step two: watering once after the seedlings begin to sprout in the spring of the next year; periodically weeding, cutting once to twice according to the growth vigor of atriplex canescens seedlings after 8-10 months of the next year of planting, trimming branches with vigorous growth vigor, trimming one third of the branches, and reserving two thirds of the branches, wherein the trimmed branches can be used as silage to feed livestock such as cattle and sheep;
step three: the cistanche is dug in 11-12 months of the next year according to the temperature change, the cistanche should be dug when the temperature is not reduced to below zero temperature so as to avoid freezing damage, a small excavator is generally adopted to dig up the atriplex canescens along the planting ditch, the digging depth is 50-60cm, the digging width is 40-50cm, the cistanche is taken down from the atriplex canescens root inoculation seed, and the overground branches and leaves of the atriplex canescens can still be used as silage of livestock.
The planting method for inoculating cistanche deserticola in atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil is characterized in that in the first step, the atriplex canescens seedling selection conditions are as follows: selecting annual first-class seedlings, wherein the ground diameter is more than 0.5cm, the height of the seedlings is more than 50cm, the length of a main root is more than 25cm, and the number of lateral roots with the length of more than 5cm is not less than 4.
The planting method of the atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil inoculated cistanche salsa in the first step comprises the following selection conditions: selecting sandy soil with good drainage and convenient irrigation, wherein the soil has the salt content of less than 15 per mill, deep ploughing and leveling to 30-40cm depth, and leveling the soil without large blocks.
The planting method for inoculating cistanche deserticola in the atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: the row spacing is 2.5-3.0m, the plant spacing is 0.3m, the planting adopts ditching planting, a mini-excavator is used for ditching, the width of the planting ditch is 30-40cm, and the depth is 20 cm.
The invention has the advantages that: the method provided by the invention can be used for inoculating cistanche seeds while planting atriplex canescens seedlings, so that secondary inoculation operation is avoided, and the planting benefit is effectively improved. Through ridging planting, the influence of spring reverse salt and excessive summer rainfall on the growth of the atriplex canescens can be effectively avoided, and through the mode of autumn planting and autumn harvesting, the occurrence of low-temperature freeze injury of the cistanche in winter is avoided. Therefore, the planting mode of inoculating cistanche deserticola to atriplex canescens in saline-alkali soil, which is related by the patent, is a simple and efficient planting mode and is suitable for being widely popularized in yellow river delta and coastal saline-alkali soil.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a field planting pattern diagram of atriplex canescens according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for inoculating cistanche deserticola in atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting atriplex canescens seedlings: selecting annual first-class seedlings, wherein the ground diameter is more than 0.5cm, the height of the seedlings is more than 50cm, the length of a main root is more than 25cm, and the number of lateral roots with the length of more than 5cm is not less than 4.
(2) Selecting a atriplex canescens planting land block: selecting sandy soil with good drainage and convenient irrigation, wherein the soil has the salt content of less than 15 per mill, deep ploughing and leveling to 30-40cm depth, and leveling the soil without large blocks.
(3) The atriplex canescens is planted in 10 to 11 months per year, seedlings are planted, and cistanche seeds are inoculated, and the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 2.5-3.0m, and the plant spacing is 0.3 m. The planting adopts ditching planting, a mini-excavator is used for ditching, the width of the planting ditch is 30-40cm, and the depth is 20cm (as shown in picture 1).
(4) After the planting ditches are dug, cistanche seeds are firstly inoculated, and the inoculation amount per mu is 150g-200 g. Putting 1-2kg of sandy loam into a plastic pot with the thickness of 38cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 9cm, putting 150g-200g of cistanche seeds into the pot, uniformly mixing with the sandy loam, uniformly scattering the mixture on two sides of a planting ditch (as shown by a red arrow in a picture 1), then putting the atriplex canescens seedlings in the middle of the planting ditch, backfilling the soil from two sides to the middle to ensure that the seedlings can be vertically fixed, backfilling the soil to the same depth as the ground, compacting and backfilling the soil, and watering along the planting ditch. After water permeates into the soil, covering soil from two sides to the middle to form ridges, compacting the soil, and enabling the soil to be 20cm higher than the ground and 30-40cm wide as shown in figure 1.
(5) And (4) seedling management, namely watering once after seedlings begin to sprout in spring. Weeding is carried out regularly, and mechanical or artificial weeding is utilized. Cutting for one to two times according to the growth vigor of atriplex canescens seedlings in August to October, trimming branches with vigorous growth vigor, trimming one third of the branches, and keeping two thirds of the branches, wherein the trimmed branches can be used as silage for cattle and sheep and other livestock.
(6) And (4) excavating the cistanche, wherein the excavating time of the cistanche is determined according to the temperature change from 11 months to 12 months every year, and the cistanche is excavated when the temperature is not reduced to below zero so as to avoid freezing injury. Digging the atriplex canescens with roots along the planting ditch by a small excavator, wherein the digging depth is 50-60cm, and the width is 40-50 cm. Taking down Cistanchis herba from the seed-inoculating disc at root of atriplex canescens, wherein the overground branches and leaves of atriplex canescens can be used as silage of livestock.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for planting cistanche deserticola by inoculating atriplex canescens in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planting atriplex canescens seedlings between 10 months and 11 months and inoculating cistanche seeds, wherein the planting is to dig a planting ditch according to the planting density, after the planting ditch is dug, 1-2kg of sandy loam is placed in a plastic pot with the thickness of 38cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 9cm, 150g-200g of cistanche seeds are placed in the pot, are uniformly mixed with the sandy loam and then are uniformly scattered on two sides of the planting ditch, then the atriplex canescens seedlings are placed in the middle of the planting ditch, and are backfilled with soil from two sides to the middle, so that the atriplex canescens seedlings can be vertically fixed, the backfilled soil is level to the ground, the soil is compacted, the watering is carried out along the planting ditch, after water permeates into the soil, ridges are formed on the soil from two sides to the middle, the soil is compacted, the soil is 20cm higher than the ground, and the width is 30-40 cm;
step two: watering once after the seedlings begin to sprout in the spring of the next year; periodically weeding, cutting once to twice according to the growth vigor of atriplex canescens seedlings after 8-10 months of the next year of planting, trimming branches with vigorous growth vigor, trimming one third of the branches, and reserving two thirds of the branches, wherein the trimmed branches can be used as silage to feed livestock such as cattle and sheep;
step three: the cistanche is dug in 11-12 months of the next year according to the temperature change, the cistanche should be dug when the temperature is not reduced to below zero temperature so as to avoid freezing damage, a small excavator is generally adopted to dig up the atriplex canescens along the planting ditch, the digging depth is 50-60cm, the digging width is 40-50cm, the cistanche is taken down from the atriplex canescens root inoculation seed, and the overground branches and leaves of the atriplex canescens can still be used as silage of livestock.
2. The method for planting the cistanche deserticola by inoculating the atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the conditions for selecting the atriplex canescens seedlings in the first step are as follows: selecting annual first-class seedlings, wherein the ground diameter is more than 0.5cm, the height of the seedlings is more than 50cm, the length of a main root is more than 25cm, and the number of lateral roots with the length of more than 5cm is not less than 4.
3. The method for planting the cistanche deserticola by inoculating the atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the selection conditions of the atriplex canescens planting land block in the first step are as follows: selecting sandy soil with good drainage and convenient irrigation, wherein the soil has the salt content of less than 15 per mill, deep ploughing and leveling to 30-40cm depth, and leveling the soil without large blocks.
4. The method for planting the cistanche deserticola by inoculating the atriplex canescens saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the planting density in the step one is as follows: the row spacing is 2.5-3.0m, the plant spacing is 0.3m, the planting adopts ditching planting, a mini-excavator is used for ditching, the width of the planting ditch is 30-40cm, and the depth is 20 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114830972A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-02 | 山东省农业科学院 | Method for cultivating desert cistanche in saline-alkali soil |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114830972A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-02 | 山东省农业科学院 | Method for cultivating desert cistanche in saline-alkali soil |
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