CN114386281B - Automatic design method for test heating loop based on clustering - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a clustering-based automatic design method for a test heating loop, which comprises the following steps: data input, segmentation of a to-be-heated surface, two-dimensional clustering operation, heating loop design and electric fitting scheme output; the data entry step is used for inputting the area of a large number of surfaces to be heated and the maximum heat flow requirement in batch, and the surface to be heated segmentation step is used for subdividing each heating surface so as to consider the states of the heating surfaces using different numbers of thin film electric heaters. According to the thin film electric heater specification combination method, the experience of personnel is not depended on, hundreds of surfaces to be heated can be subjected to rapid thermal design, the combined heating sheet specification is given, the workload of the personnel in the thin film electric heater design can be greatly reduced, the given thin film electric heater specification combination scheme has the characteristics of optimization, high speed, high accuracy and the like, and the method is particularly suitable for the purposes of waveguide tube temperature control, structural thermal control thermal design and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spacecraft ground tests, in particular to a cluster-based automatic design method for a test heating loop.
Background
In a thermal test of a spacecraft, in order to achieve the purposes of heat flow simulation, temperature control of a test piece and auxiliary equipment and the like, heaters with different specifications are often used for heating the equipment. The thin film electric heater is a surface heating element of a constantan heating wire coated by polyimide, has the advantages of easy implementation, low cost, reliability and the like, and is widely used for the thermal test of spacecrafts at home and abroad. The method is widely applied to the purposes of heat loss simulation in the structural heat control part, test waveguide tube temperature control, simulation of heat flow outside the irregular surface and the like.
In the experimental design, as the sizes of the surfaces to be heated are different, if the thin film electric heater is customized for each surface, the construction period is long and the cost is high; if a smaller thin film electric heater is used to meet the heating requirements of all surfaces, the large surface often has the phenomenon of uneven temperature, so that the structural thermal control piece cannot accurately reflect the thermal characteristics of a real component, the performance of a key component deviates, and the like.
When a group of surfaces to be heated exist, how to combine the specifications of the thin film electric heater to the maximum extent on the basis of ensuring the temperature uniformity is one of the main contradictions in the design of the test heater.
Therefore, the method for quickly grouping, combining and designing the thin film electric heaters has positive practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides an automatic design method of a test heating loop based on clustering.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for automatically designing a test heating loop based on clustering is characterized by comprising the following steps: data input, segmentation of a to-be-heated surface, two-dimensional clustering operation, heating loop design and electric fitting scheme output;
the data entry step is used for inputting the size of a large number of surfaces to be heated and the maximum heat flow requirement in batches;
the dividing step of the heating surface is used for subdividing each heating surface so as to consider the state of using different numbers of thin film electric heaters;
the two-dimensional clustering operation step is used for clustering all segmentation possibilities of all surfaces to be heated:
the heating loop design step selects an optimized heating loop design scheme according to the two-dimensional clustering operation result and the distance, and carries out accounting on parameters such as the maximum heating capacity;
and the electric fitting scheme output step is used for rapidly outputting the parallel connection and series connection modes of the thin film electric heater to provide an electric fitting scheme.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the data entry step specifically enters data including the length (x), width (y), maximum heat flow requirement (Q), maximum current (1), maximum voltage (U), and the like of each surface to be heated.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the step of dividing the surface to be heated generally includes at least 3 times of subdividing the length and the width, that is, at least 1 × 1, 1 × 2, 2 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3, 1 × 3, and 2 × 3 subdividing modes are considered.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the two-dimensional clustering operation step is used for clustering all the segmentation possibilities of all the surfaces to be heated so as to quickly merge the specifications of the thin film electric heater.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the parameter of the clustering operation is X i And Y i And respectively carrying out two-dimensional clustering on the length and the width of each subdivision mode of each surface to be heated based on Euclidean distance.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
after the cluster calculation is completed, X of each class i Minimum value of (2) min (X) i ) And Y i Minimum value of min (Y) i ) Namely the pasting space of the thin film electric heater in the category.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the specification and size of the thin film electric heater need to consider the margin reservation of electric fitting space, namely min (X) obtained in cluster analysis i )、min(Y i ) On the basis, the specification of the thin film electric heater is obtained by reserving 1cm on each of the four sides.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
in order to compare different subdivision modes, a mode of using an area ratio is selected for selection, namely, a subdivision method with a higher area ratio is preferentially selected according to the ratio of the total area of the thin film electric heater to the area to be heated.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
and the heating loop design step is used for checking the maximum current and the maximum voltage of the working state of each loop and adjusting the resistance value according to the fact whether the maximum current and the maximum voltage exceed the limits or not.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
and the electric fitting scheme output step is used for outputting electric fitting schemes of all loops in batches according to the design of the heating loops, wherein the electric fitting schemes comprise data such as specification, arrangement mode, series-parallel connection mode, maximum allowable current and the like of the thin film electric heater of each surface to be heated.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method does not depend on the experience of personnel, can carry out rapid thermal design on hundreds of surfaces to be heated, gives the specification of the combined heating plate, can greatly reduce the workload of the personnel in the design of the thin film electric heater, and the given specification combining scheme of the thin film electric heater has the characteristics of optimization, high speed, high accuracy and the like, and is particularly suitable for the purposes of waveguide tube temperature control, structural thermal control thermal design and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a typical structural thermal control model used in a spacecraft thermal test, which is one of specific applicable objects of a cluster-based test heating loop automatic design method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating surface segmentation step of a cluster-based test heating loop automatic design method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a heating surface segmentation on a two-dimensional coordinate system for a cluster-based test heating loop automatic design method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional clustering result of a method for automatically designing a cluster-based test heating circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a specific step of the automatic design method of the experimental heating circuit based on clustering according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a method for automatically designing a test heating loop based on clustering comprises the following steps: data input, segmentation of a to-be-heated surface, two-dimensional clustering operation, heating loop design and electric fitting scheme output;
the data entry step is used for inputting the size of a large number of surfaces to be heated and the maximum heat flow requirement in batch;
the to-be-heated surface dividing step is used for subdividing each heating surface so as to consider the state that the heating surface uses different numbers of thin film electric heaters;
the two-dimensional clustering operation step is used for clustering all the segmentation possibilities of all the surfaces to be heated;
the heating loop design step selects an optimized heating loop design scheme according to the two-dimensional clustering operation result and the distance, and carries out accounting on parameters such as the maximum heating capacity and the like;
and the electric fitting scheme output step is used for rapidly outputting the parallel connection and series connection modes of the thin film electric heater to provide an electric fitting scheme.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the data entry step specifically enters data including the length (x), width (y), maximum heat flow requirement (Q), maximum current (I), maximum voltage (U), and the like of each surface to be heated.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the step of dividing the surface to be heated generally includes at least 3 times of dividing the length and the width, i.e., at least 1 × 1, 1 × 2, 2 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3, 1 × 3, and 2 × 3 are considered.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the two-dimensional clustering operation step is used to cluster all the segmentation possibilities of all the surfaces to be heated, so as to quickly merge the specifications of the thin film electric heater.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the parameter of the clustering operation is X i And Y i And respectively carrying out two-dimensional clustering on the length and the width of each subdivision mode of each surface to be heated based on Euclidean distance.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, after the clustering calculation is completed, X of each class is calculated i Minimum value of (2) min (X) i ) And Y i Minimum value of min (Y) i ) Namely the pasting space of the thin film electric heater in the category.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the specification of the thin film electric heater needs to consider the margin reserved electrical space, i.e. min (X) obtained by cluster analysis i )、min(Y i ) On the basis, the four sides are respectively reserved with 1cm to form the film electric heaterThe specification of (1).
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, in order to compare different subdivision schemes, a division scheme using an area ratio is used, that is, a subdivision scheme with a higher area ratio is preferentially selected according to a ratio of the total area of the thin film electric heater to the area to be heated.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the heating circuit design step is used to perform accounting on the maximum current and voltage of each circuit in the operating state, and adjust the resistance value according to whether the maximum current and voltage exceed the limits.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the electrical scheme output step is used for outputting the electrical schemes of the respective loops in batches according to the design of the heating loops, and the electrical schemes include data of specification, arrangement, series-parallel connection, maximum allowable current and the like of the thin film electric heater of each surface to be heated.
One of the specific applicable objects of a clustering-based test heating loop automatic design method is as follows: a typical structure thermal control piece model used in a spacecraft thermal test is taken as an example, in a thermal balance test in a development stage, a large number of structure thermal control pieces are often used for being installed inside a spacecraft, and a thin film electric heater is pasted inside each structure thermal control piece and used for simulating an internal heat source of single-machine equipment. Wherein 100 is a structural thermal control cartridge; the structural thermal control box cover 101 is a structural thermal control box cover, and the structural thermal control box body 100 and the structural thermal control box cover 101 jointly form a structural thermal control room which has the same appearance, weight, heat capacity, mass center and other parameters as the real single-machine equipment of the spacecraft, is used for simulating the real single-machine equipment on the spacecraft in an initial test stage and provides verification conditions for the structure and thermal control design of a spacecraft system; 102 is a structural thermal control mounting mechanical interface for mounting the structural thermal control on the spacecraft; 103 is a structural thermal control element box cover mounting interface for connecting with the structural thermal control element box cover 101, generally fixed by bolts; 104 is a structural thermal control box bottom, generally designed to be a flat structure, for sticking a thin film electric heater 105; 105 is a thin film electric heater used to simulate the heat consumption of spacecraft standalone equipment in the test.
Wherein 200 is the division level, generally 1-5 times of division can be selected, that is, at most 25 (5 × 5) thin film electric heaters can be adhered; 201 is 1 × 1 division, namely, the X, Y directions are not divided, and only one thin film electric heater is adhered; 211 is 2 × 1 division, namely the X direction is divided into 2, the Y direction is not divided, and 2 thin film electric heaters are pasted; 212 is divided into 1 × 2 parts, namely the X direction is not divided, the Y direction is divided into 2 parts, and 2 thin film electric heaters are pasted; 213 is 2 × 2 division, that is, 2 divisions in the X, Y direction, and 4 thin film electric heaters in total are adhered; 221 is 3 × 1 division, that is, the X direction is divided into 3, the Y direction is not divided, and 3 thin film electric heaters are pasted; 222 is divided into 1 × 3 parts, namely the X direction is not divided, the Y direction is divided into 3 parts, and 3 thin film electric heaters are pasted; 3 × 2 division is carried out at 223, namely, the X direction is divided into 3, the Y direction is divided into 2, and 6 thin film electric heaters in total are pasted; 2224 is divided into 2 × 3 parts, that is, the X direction is divided into 2 parts, the Y direction is divided into 3 parts, and 6 thin film electric heaters are adhered; the number 225 is 3 × 3, that is, each of the X, Y directions is 3, and a total of 9 thin film electric heaters are attached. By subdividing each surface to be heated, different subdivision patterns of each surface to be heated can be compared.
Wherein 301 is the size (i.e. 1 × 1 division) of the surface to be heated (hereinafter referred to as the surface to be heated) of a typical structure thermal control, 302 is the mirror image point of the surface to be heated along the Y-X curve, that is, the point after the exchange of the X and Y coordinates, 303-1 is the coordinate corresponding to 2 × 1 division, 303-2 is the coordinate corresponding to 1 × 2 division, 303-3 is the coordinate corresponding to 2 × 2 division, 303-4, 303-5, 303-6 are mirror image points along the Y-X curve of 303-1, 303-2, 303-3, respectively, in order to consider the direction problem of sticking the thin film electric heater on each subdivided surface, firstly, all the subdivided surfaces are mirrored along a straight line Y as X, only points with X being more than or equal to Y are selected for clustering operation, that is, the direction of the thin film electric heater is consistent with the long side and short side directions of all the surfaces to be heated.
Wherein 401 is a line Y ═ X, and all points where X is greater than or equal to Y are selected, that is, all points are located below a straight line Y ═ X; 402 is a certain cluster in the clustering result, namely a certain class in the clustering result; 403 is the lowest X value in the class, i.e., the X value that is the lowest point of the X values in the class; 404 is the lowest Y value in the class, i.e., the Y value for the lowest point of the Y values in the class; 405 is the thin film electric heater available space in this class, i.e., the size, min(X i )，min(Y i ) The film electric heater can be adhered to all the surfaces to be heated in the type.
A method for automatically designing a test heating loop based on clustering comprises the following specific steps:
a01: starting an automatic self-setting process, namely starting a program;
a02: inputting the specification number of expected heating plates, power supply power, current, voltage limit and the like, namely inputting all preset parameters, wherein the specification number of the expected heating plates is the cluster number of clusters, about 10-20% of the number of surfaces to be heated is selected as appropriate, the power supply power, the current and the voltage are the output limit of the program control power supply in the test, and the default setting is 480W, 4A and 120V;
a03: reading in the length and width X, Y of all the surfaces to be heated, that is, reading in the length X and width Y of all the surfaces to be heated in the sequence, and sequentially storing the array X 0 [m]And Y 0 [m]Wherein the length m of the arrays is the number of the surfaces to be heated;
a04: dividing all heating surfaces into 1 × 1 to n × n arrays, and subdividing all surfaces to be heated according to setting, wherein the length and width arrays of the 1 × 1 division are the X generated in the step A03 0 [m]And Y 0 [m]；
the length and width arrays of 2X 1 division are stored in matrix X 21 [m]And Y 21 [m]Wherein X is 21 [m]The median value is X 0 [m]1/2, Y of medium correspondence value 21 [m]And Y 0 [m]The same;
the length and width arrays of 2X 2 partitions are stored in matrix X 22 [m]And Y 22 [m]Wherein X is 22 [m]、 Y 22 [m]All the median values are X 0 [m]、Y 0 [m]1/2 for the corresponding value in (1);
in this way, the numerical definitions of 3 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3, 2 × 3, 1 × 3 and higher division times can be obtained;
a05: insert all subdivision lengths into the same array, i.e. all xs in step A04 i [m]And Y i [m]Combining the arrays to obtain the product X2]And Y2]Wherein the length of the array depends on the number of divisions, typically n 2 m, wherein n is the maximum number of splits. In X2]And Y2]After the array is formed, all the subdivision surfaces are stored according to the length and width mode, and the traversal X [ 2 ]]And Y2]After array, pair X [ i]＜Y[i]Condition (1) for X [ i ]]And Y [ i ]]Interchanging, namely ensuring that all points are positioned below a straight line Y-X;
a06: the method comprises the following steps of performing two-dimensional clustering operation, namely performing two-dimensional clustering operation on a dot matrix consisting of X and Y, wherein the number of the clustered clusters is selected according to the set specification number of the thin film electric heater, and because the result of the clustering algorithm is related to the selection of the initial random center position, the result has certain randomness, the clustering operation is generally required to be repeatedly operated for several times, and the clustering result is ensured to be an optimal solution;
a07: selecting min (x), min (y) of each class as the specification of the heating sheet, selecting the x lowest value min (x) and the y lowest value min (y) of each cluster as the heating area according to the clustering calculation result, and setting the specification of the thin film electric heater of the class as min (x) -20mm and min (y) -20mm after considering the edge. At the moment, traversing the subdivision modes of all the surfaces to be heated, preferentially selecting the subdivision mode with the highest area coverage rate, and determining the thin film electric heater method of each surface to be heated uniquely;
a08: and (3) primarily designing a heating loop, wherein after the step A07 is carried out to obtain the sticking scheme of the thin film electric heater on each surface to be heated, the connection mode of the heating loop needs to be primarily designed, wherein the default of the heating sheet is 30 omega, the default connection mode is series connection, and when the voltage needs to be higher than a set value, the program automatically connects the loops in parallel. Taking a 3 × 3 loop as an example, if 9 thin film electric heaters are connected in series, the working voltage and current of the thin film electric heaters can be calculated according to the power required by the steady state, if the voltage exceeds a set value, the loop is modified into a mode of connecting 3 thin film electric heaters in series and then connecting the thin film electric heaters in parallel, at the moment, the resistance is 30 Ω, the requirement on the voltage can be reduced, and the rest can be done in other subdivision modes;
a09: whether the requirement is met or not is evaluated by a thermal designer according to a heating loop design scheme output by a program, and the main evaluation elements comprise: working current, working voltage and area ratio (area of the film electric heater/area of the area to be heated), if the requirements are met, entering the step A10, otherwise entering the step A04 to further subdivide the surface to be heated again, searching whether a better solution exists or not, or returning to the step A02 to increase the number of clustering clusters;
a10: outputting an electric fitting scheme, namely outputting the electric fitting scheme of each loop in batch according to the design of the heating loops, wherein the electric fitting scheme comprises data such as specification, arrangement mode, series-parallel connection mode, maximum allowable current and the like of the thin film electric heater of each surface to be heated, and is used for guiding a craftsman to perform electric fitting implementation on the surface to be heated in the concrete implementation of the test;
a11: and ending the flow, namely ending the operation, and outputting the operation result.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A test heating loop automatic design method based on clustering is characterized by comprising the following steps: data input, segmentation of a to-be-heated surface, two-dimensional clustering operation, heating loop design and electric fitting scheme output;
the data entry step is used for inputting the size of the surface to be heated and the maximum heat flow requirement in batch;
the step of dividing the heating surface is used for subdividing each heating surface so as to consider the state that the heating surface uses different numbers of thin film electric heaters;
the two-dimensional clustering operation step is used for clustering all segmentation possibilities of all surfaces to be heated;
the heating loop design step selects an optimized heating loop design scheme according to the two-dimensional clustering operation result and the distance, and carries out accounting on the maximum heating capacity parameter;
the electric fitting scheme output step is used for rapidly outputting the parallel connection and series connection modes of the thin film electric heater to give an electric fitting scheme;
reading in all the surface length and width to be heated X, Y, that is, reading in the length X and width Y of all the surfaces to be heated in sequence, and storing array X in sequence 0 [m]And Y 0 [m]Wherein the length m of the arrays is the number of the surfaces to be heated;
dividing all heating surfaces by 1 × 1 to n × n arrays, and subdividing all surfaces to be heated according to setting, wherein the length and width arrays of 1 × 1 division are X generated in the process 0 [m]And Y 0 [m]；
1X 2 divided length and width arrays stored in matrix X 12 [m]And Y 12 [m]Wherein X is 12 [m]And X 0 [m]Same, Y 12 [m]The median value is Y 0 [m]1/2 for the corresponding value in (1);
the 2X 1 divided length and width arrays are stored in the matrix X 21 [m]And Y 21 [m]Wherein X is 21 [m]The median value is X 0 [m]1/2, Y of medium correspondence value 21 [m]And Y 0 [m]The same;
the length and width arrays of 2X 2 partitions are stored in matrix X 22 [m]And Y 22 [m]Wherein X is 22 [m]、Y 22 [m]All the median values are X 0 [m]、Y 0 [m]1/2 for the corresponding value in (1);
in this way, the numerical definitions of 3 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3, 2 × 3, 1 × 3 and higher division times can be obtained;
inserting all the subdivision face length and width into the same array, i.e. all X in the above process i [m]And Y i [m]Combining the arrays to obtain the product X2]And Y2]Wherein the length of the array is determined by the number of times of division, and is n 2 m, wherein n is the maximum segmentation number; in X2]And Y2]After the array is formed, all the subdivision surfaces are stored according to the length and width mode and are traversed by X [ 2 ]]And Y2]After array, pair X [ i]＜Y[i]Condition (1) for X [ i ]]And Y [ i ]]Interchange, i.e. to ensure that all points lie in a straight line Y ═Below X;
the method comprises the following steps of performing two-dimensional clustering operation, namely performing two-dimensional clustering operation on a dot matrix consisting of X and Y, wherein the number of clustering clusters is selected according to the set specification number of the thin film electric heater, and because the result of the clustering algorithm is related to the selection of the initial random center position, the result has certain randomness and needs to be repeatedly operated for several times, so that the clustering result is ensured to be the optimal solution;
selecting min (x) and min (y) of each class as the specification of the heating sheet, selecting the x lowest value min (x) and the y lowest value min (y) of each cluster as the heating area according to the clustering calculation result, and setting the specification of the thin film electric heater of the class as min (x) -20mm and min (y) -20mm after considering the edge; at the moment, traversing the subdivision modes of all the surfaces to be heated, selecting the subdivision mode with the highest area coverage rate, and determining the thin film electric heater method of each surface to be heated uniquely.
2. The method for automatically designing a cluster-based experimental heating circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data entry step specifically enters data including length, width, maximum heat flow requirement, maximum current, maximum voltage of each surface to be heated.
3. The automatic design method for a cluster-based experimental heating loop as claimed in claim 1, wherein the subdivision of the length and width in the segmentation step of the surface to be heated at least includes 3 times, i.e. at least considering 1 × 1, 1 × 2, 2 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3, 1 × 3 and 2 × 3 subdivision modes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional clustering operation is used to cluster all segmentation possibilities of all surfaces to be heated, so as to rapidly merge specifications of the thin-film electric heater.
5. The automatic design of experimental heating circuit based on clustering as claimed in claim 4The method is characterized in that the parameter of the clustering operation is X i And Y i And respectively carrying out two-dimensional clustering on the length and the width of each subdivision mode of each surface to be heated based on Euclidean distance.
6. The automatic design method for the experimental heating circuit based on the clustering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that for the comparison of different subdivision schemes, the area ratio is used for making a trade-off, i.e. the subdivision scheme with higher area ratio is selected according to the ratio of the total area of the thin film electric heater to the area to be heated.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating circuit design step is used for checking the maximum current and voltage of each circuit working state and adjusting the resistance value according to the fact whether the maximum current and voltage are exceeded.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical scheme output step is used for outputting the electrical schemes of the loops in batches according to the design of the heating loops, and the electrical schemes comprise specifications, arrangement, series-parallel connection and maximum allowable current data of the thin film electric heaters of each surface to be heated.
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