CN114381240A - Preparation method of C/metal composite interface welding high-thermal-conductivity thick film - Google Patents
Preparation method of C/metal composite interface welding high-thermal-conductivity thick film Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C)O1 DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012378 ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H azane;dihydroxy(dioxo)molybdenum;trioxomolybdenum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity thick film welded on a C/metal composite interface, which is characterized in that a C/metal interface with excellent vertical thermal conductivity is prepared by utilizing an ultrahigh molecular weight extrusion swelling principle, graphene oxide is reduced by a Joule thermal gradient welding process, metal is diffused to a carbon film and a carbon element to form a strong carbon compound, the graphene oxide and the graphene are both carbon materials, and homogeneous interface welding can further reduce the interface and increase the bonding, so that the interface thermal resistance is reduced, and the high-thermal-conductivity thick film is finally obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat dissipation materials, in particular to a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity thick film welded on a C/metal composite interface.
Background
With the rapid development of microelectronic assembly technology and the use of high-power devices, the heat productivity and power density of electronic devices are increasing, and the demand for heat dissipation materials with high heat conductivity and high heat flux is more and more urgent; although the current artificial synthesis graphite carbon film and graphene film have made a certain progress in research and application, the strict requirements of the electronic industry on heat dissipation materials still cannot be further met, and the heat conduction materials continue to have high heat conductivity coefficient in the heat transfer process and simultaneously need large heat flux, so that thick films with high heat conductivity are needed, namely the thickness is more than or equal to 100um, and the heat conductivity coefficient is more than 1500W/m k.
At present, many researchers try to prepare a thick carbon film or graphene film by laminating a plurality of thin carbon films, but the interface thermal resistance between the carbon films causes the heat conduction of the film to be reduced remarkably when the thickness of the film is increased, so that a thick film heat dissipation material with high heat conduction cannot be prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention firstly provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity graphene interface thick film, which is characterized in that a vertically-oriented graphene oxide film and a highly-horizontally-oriented carbon film are alternately stacked, so that the interface thermal resistance is small, the film thickness is increased, and the thermal conductivity is reduced to a small extent; the gradient welding is adopted, the metal salt and the carbonaceous material form a strong carbon compound under the action of the Joule heat, the bonding force of the carbon film-interface-carbon film is further enhanced, the interface thermal resistance is reduced, the final heat-conducting property of the thick film is increased, and the prepared graphite film still has excellent heat-conducting and heat-dissipating capacity under the condition of large thickness.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the vertically-oriented graphene oxide interface film, which adopts a high-molecular-weight auxiliary agent to orient in the micro-channel, and ultrahigh potential energy is accumulated in the micro-channel, so that sufficient potential energy is provided for the conversion of the graphene oxide from parallel orientation to vertical orientation at the outlet of the micro-channel, and a graphene carbon homogeneous interface in the vertical direction is arranged at the interface. Furthermore, high molecular weight and graphene oxide are combined through hydrogen bonds, poor rheological property of the graphene oxide is greatly improved under the traction action of the hydrogen bonds, and resistance is reduced for orientation transformation of the graphene oxide at an outlet.
Specifically, the invention adopts the following scheme: a preparation method of a C/metal composite interface welding high-heat-conductivity thick film,
(1) taking metal powder, metal salt and graphene oxide as raw materials, wherein the metal powder: metal salt: 50phr to 100phr of graphene oxide: 20phr to 60 phr: 100phr of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as an auxiliary agent, the molecular weight is 50-3000 ten thousand, organic solvent is used as a diluent, and the raw materials are as follows: auxiliary agent: diluent 100 phr: 10phr to 20 phr: 1000phr to 5000phr, uniformly mixing by using a ball mill, then defoaming in vacuum to obtain a final mixed solution, and injecting the mixed solution into an injector;
(2) enabling the mixed solution to pass through a square micro-channel with the thickness of 1-20 um, controlling the solution viscosity at 10-100 Pa.S, extruding and paving the solution on a carbon film, and superposing the carbon film on which the mixed solution is paved to finally obtain a block material with the graphene oxide film/carbon film alternately stacked; extrusion lay-up refers to extrusion while moving a square die or extrusion while moving a substrate material to form a film material by extrusion.
(3) Carrying out gradient welding on the block materials obtained in the step (2), wherein the applied gradient power is respectively as follows: welding for 10min under the condition of 60W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 250W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1000W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1600W output power, and welding for 10min under the condition of 2900W output power, thereby finally obtaining the reduced large-size graphene homogeneous interface heat conduction material.
Further, the metal powder in step (1) may be titanium powder, molybdenum powder, zirconium powder, boron powder, chromium powder, or the like, which can form a strong carbon compound with the carbonaceous material.
Further, the metal salt in the step (1) may be titanium sulfate, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zirconium acetate and zirconium oxychloride, boron oxide and carbonaceous materials forming a strong carbon compound.
Further, it is characterized in that the ultra-high molecular weight in the step (1) includes, but is not limited to, polyethylene oxide, sodium polyacrylate, etc.
Further, the width of the square micro flow channel in the step (2) may be 0.5mm to 10 mm.
The invention has the advantages that: by the invention, interface thermal resistance is greatly reduced, heat conduction in the vertical direction is increased, and a thick film with high heat flux and high heat conduction is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1A is a surface SEM of example 1, and FIG. 1B is a surface SEM of comparative examples 1-2.
Fig. 2A is a surface SEM of example 2, and fig. 2B is a surface SEM of comparative example 2-2.
FIG. 3A is a surface SEM of example 3, and FIG. 3B is a surface SEM of comparative example 3-2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
In the following examples, the thermal conductivity of the samples was measured using a laser flash method.
The first embodiment is as follows:
(1) taking molybdenum powder, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and graphene oxide as raw materials, wherein the molybdenum powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate: graphene oxide 50 phr: 60 phr: 100phr of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene oxide as an auxiliary agent, the molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide is 50 ten thousand, an organic solvent is used as a diluent, and the raw materials: auxiliary agent: diluent 100 phr: 10 phr: 5000phr, utilizing a ball mill to mix evenly, then carrying out vacuum defoamation to obtain a final mixed solution, and injecting the mixed solution into an injector;
(2) the mixed solution is passed through a square micro-channel with the thickness of 1um, the viscosity of the solution is controlled at 10 Pa.S, the mixed solution is extruded and paved on a carbon film with the thickness of 25um and the thermal conductivity of 1900W/mk, and the graphene oxide film paved on the carbon film is subjected to SEM scanning, as shown in figure 1A, and as can be seen from figure 1, the surface of the graphene oxide film has a large number of graphene oxide lamella vertical orientations. Superposing 10 layers of the carbon film on which the mixed solution is layered to finally obtain a blocky material with the thickness of 255 um;
(3) carrying out gradient welding on the block materials obtained in the step (2), wherein the applied gradient power is respectively as follows: welding for 10min under the condition of 60W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 250W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1000W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1600W output power, and welding for 10min under the condition of 2900W output power to finally obtain the reduced large-size graphene homogeneous interface heat conduction material which is marked as a sample 1-1. The thermal conductivity is 1600W/m k.
Comparative examples 1 to 1
10 layers were stacked directly with 25um thick carbon films in step 2 of example 1, and welded according to step 3 to obtain carbon film sample 1-2.
The graphene oxide films extruded in step 2 of example 1 were directly stacked layer by layer to a thickness of 255 ± 10um, and welded according to step 3 to obtain carbon film samples 1 to 3.
Comparative examples 1 to 2
A mixed solution composed of the raw materials in the step 1 of the example is adopted, a carbon film with the thickness of 25um in the step 2 of the example is coated in a scraping mode to form a film, and a graphene oxide film laid on the carbon film is subjected to SEM scanning, and the scanning is shown in figure 1B; superposing 10 layers of the carbon film on which the mixed solution is layered to finally obtain a blocky material with the thickness of 255 +/-10 microns; welding was performed according to example step 3 to obtain carbon film samples 1 to 4.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
Carbon film samples 1 to 5 were obtained in the same manner as in the examples, except that polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight of 2000 was used as an auxiliary.
| Sample 1-1 | Samples 1 to 2 | Samples 1 to 3 | Samples 1 to 4 | Samples 1 to 5 | |
| Heat conduction (W/mk) | 1600 | 502 | 531 | 905 | 922 |
Example two:
(1) taking zirconium powder, zirconium acetate and graphene oxide as raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the zirconium powder: zirconium acetate: graphene oxide 100 phr: 20 phr: 100phr of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene oxide as an auxiliary agent, the molecular weight is 1000 ten thousand, an organic solvent is used as a diluent, and the raw materials: auxiliary agent: diluent 100 phr: 20 phr: 1000phr, utilizing a ball mill to mix evenly, then carrying out vacuum defoamation to obtain a final mixed solution, and injecting the mixed solution into an injector;
(2) the mixed solution is passed through a square micro-channel with the thickness of 20um, the viscosity of the solution is controlled at 100 Pa.S, the mixed solution is extruded and paved on a 17um carbon film with the thermal conductivity of 1900W/mk, and SEM scanning is carried out on a graphene oxide film paved on the carbon film, as shown in figure 2A, and as can be seen from figure 2A, the surface of the graphene oxide film has a large number of graphene oxide lamella vertical orientations. Superposing 10 layers of the carbon film on which the mixed solution is layered to finally obtain a blocky material with the thickness of 200 um;
(3) carrying out gradient welding on the block materials obtained in the step (2), wherein the applied gradient power is respectively as follows: welding for 10min under the condition of 60W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 250W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1000W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1600W output power, and welding for 10min under the condition of 2900W output power to finally obtain the reduced large-size graphene homogeneous interface heat conduction material, which is shown in a sample 2-1.
Comparative example 2-1
10 layers were stacked directly with 25um thick carbon films in step 2 of example 2, and soldering was performed according to step 3 to obtain carbon film sample 2-2.
The graphene oxide films extruded in step 2 of example 2 were directly stacked layer by layer to a thickness of 255 ± 10um, and welded according to step 3 to obtain a carbon film sample 2-3.
Comparative examples 2 to 2
Adopting a mixed solution composed of the raw materials in the step 1 of the embodiment, blade-coating a carbon film with the thickness of 25um in the step 2 of the embodiment 2 to form a film, scanning a graphene oxide film laid on the carbon film by SEM (scanning electron microscope), as shown in figure 2B, superposing 10 layers of the carbon film on which the mixed solution is laid, and finally obtaining a bulk material with the thickness of 255 +/-10 um; welding was performed according to example step 3 to obtain carbon film samples 2 to 4.
Comparative examples 2 to 3
Carbon film samples 2-5 were obtained in the same manner as in the examples, except that polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight of 2000 was used as an auxiliary.
| Sample 2-1 | Sample 2-2 | Samples 2 to 3 | Samples 2 to 4 | Samples 2 to 5 | |
| Heat conduction (W/mk) | 1650 | 514 | 544 | 921 | 935 |
Example three:
(1) titanium powder, titanium oxide and graphene oxide are used as raw materials, wherein the titanium powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: titanium oxide: graphene oxide 70 phr: 40 phr: 100phr of ultra-high molecular weight sodium polyacrylate as an auxiliary agent, the molecular weight of 3000 ten thousand, an organic solvent as a diluent, and the following raw materials: auxiliary agent: diluent 100 phr: 15 phr: 3000phr, utilizing a ball mill to mix evenly, then carrying out vacuum defoamation to obtain a final mixed solution, and injecting the mixed solution into an injector;
(2) the mixed solution was passed through a square microchannel having a thickness of 10um, the solution viscosity was controlled at 50Pa · S, and extruded and laid flat on a carbon film having a thermal conductivity of 1900W/mk of 40um, and the graphene oxide film laid on the carbon film was subjected to SEM scanning, as shown in fig. 3A, and as can be seen from fig. 3A, the graphene oxide film surface had a large number of graphene oxide sheets oriented vertically. Superposing 5 layers of the carbon film on which the mixed solution is layered to finally obtain a blocky material with the thickness of 210 um;
(3) carrying out gradient welding on the block materials obtained in the step (2), wherein the applied gradient power is respectively as follows: welding for 10min under the condition of 60W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 250W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1000W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1600W output power, and welding for 10min under the condition of 2900W output power to finally obtain the reduced large-size graphene homogeneous interface heat conduction material, which is shown in a sample 3-1.
Comparative example 2-1
10 layers were stacked directly with 25um thick carbon films in step 2 of example 3, and soldering was performed according to step 3 to obtain carbon film sample 3-2.
The graphene oxide films extruded in step 2 of example 3 were directly stacked layer by layer to a thickness of 255 ± 10um, and welded according to step 3 to obtain a carbon film sample 3-3.
Comparative examples 2 to 2
Adopting a mixed solution composed of the raw materials in the step 1 of the embodiment, blade-coating a carbon film with the thickness of 25um in the step 2 of the embodiment to form a film, scanning a graphene oxide film laid on the carbon film by SEM (scanning Electron microscope), as shown in figure 3B, superposing 10 layers of the carbon film on which the mixed solution is laid, and finally obtaining a bulk material with the thickness of 255 +/-10 um; welding was performed according to example step 3 to obtain carbon film sample 3-4.
Comparative examples 2 to 3
Carbon film samples 3-5 were obtained in the same manner as in the example, except that polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight of 2000 was used as an auxiliary.
| Sample 3-1 | Sample 3-2 | Samples 3 to 3 | Samples 3 to 4 | Samples 3 to 5 | |
| Heat conduction (W/mk) | 1700 | 509 | 1123 | 931 | 940 |
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a C/metal composite interface welding high-thermal-conductivity thick film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking metal powder, metal salt and graphene oxide as raw materials, wherein the metal powder: metal salt: 50phr to 100phr of graphene oxide: 20phr to 60 phr: 100 phr;
the ultra-high molecular weight is used as an auxiliary agent, and the molecular weight range is 50-3000 ten thousand;
organic solvent as diluent;
raw materials: auxiliary agent: diluent 100 phr: 10phr to 20 phr: from 1000phr to 5000phr,
uniformly mixing by using a ball mill, then carrying out vacuum defoamation to obtain a final mixed solution, and injecting the mixed solution into an injector;
(2) enabling the mixed solution to pass through a square micro-channel with the thickness of 1-20 um, controlling the solution viscosity at 10-100 Pa.S, extruding and paving the solution on a carbon film, and superposing the carbon film on which the mixed solution is paved to finally obtain a block material with the graphene oxide film/carbon film alternately stacked;
(3) carrying out gradient welding on the block materials obtained in the step (2), wherein the applied gradient power is respectively as follows: welding for 10min under the condition of 60W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 250W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1000W output power, welding for 15min under the condition of 1600W output power, and welding for 10min under the condition of 2900W output power to finally obtain the reduced high-flux high-thermal-conductivity thick film material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal powder in step (1) is titanium powder, molybdenum powder, zirconium powder, boron powder, etc. capable of forming strong carbon compounds with carbonaceous materials.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal salt and carbonaceous material in step (1) form strong carbon compounds including but not limited to titanium sulfate, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zirconium acetate and oxychloride, boron oxide.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said ultra high molecular weight in step (1) includes, but is not limited to, polyethylene oxide, sodium polyacrylate, and the like.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the width of the square micro flow channel in the step (2) is in the range of 0.5mm to 10 mm.
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