CN114377849B - Grading device and grading method for superfine metal chromium powder - Google Patents
Grading device and grading method for superfine metal chromium powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN114377849B CN114377849B CN202210028323.6A CN202210028323A CN114377849B CN 114377849 B CN114377849 B CN 114377849B CN 202210028323 A CN202210028323 A CN 202210028323A CN 114377849 B CN114377849 B CN 114377849B
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- liquid paraffin
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010333 wet classification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002637 fluid replacement therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010334 sieve classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of special equipment for metal powder, in particular to a grading device for superfine metal chromium powder, which consists of an ultrasonic screen and a wet magnetic separator, wherein the wet magnetic separator consists of a dispersion tank and a receiver which are connected together by a bracket; the invention establishes the relation between the metal chromium powder particle size range and the depth of the metal chromium powder particle size range in the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank, extracts the liquid paraffin with different depths in the dispersion tank by utilizing the relation between the metal chromium powder particle size range and the depth of the metal chromium powder particle size range in the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank, sub-packages the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle sizes by utilizing the receiving tank, and purifies the sub-packaged liquid paraffin to obtain the superfine chromium powder with highly concentrated particle size graduation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special equipment for metal powder, in particular to a grading device and a grading method for superfine metal chromium powder.
Background
The superfine metal chromium powder has the advantages of small size, large specific surface area, low impurity content such as gas and the like, centralized and uniform particle size distribution, and better performance on the surface of metal parts or modified materials prepared by the superfine metal chromium powder, so the superfine metal chromium powder is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, ships, automobiles, metallurgy, chemical industry and the like.
However, the screening and classifying of the superfine metallic chromium powder is very difficult, and the average particle size is small, and the smallest particles can reach the nanometer size, so that a common mesh screen cannot finish the powder classifying effect, and the common industrial classifying method of the superfine metallic powder comprises the following steps:
conventional sieve classification method: the method adopts a mesh screen to classify the powder, can classify the powder with larger granularity in batches, but classifies the superfine powder very inaccurately.
Ultrasonic fractionation: the method is to add ultrasonic vibration on the basis of the conventional screening method, so that the efficiency of special equipment for metal powder is promoted, the screening and bonding of fine powder are avoided, but the method can not effectively screen superfine powder.
Wet fractionation method: the method is to classify metal powder in liquid, and the method does not generate dust and adhesion compared with the former two methods, but is not easy to realize accurate classification of powder.
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the traditional wet classification method cannot accurately classify metal powder.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a grading device for superfine metal chromium powder, and designs a set of accurate grading method for the chromium powder based on the device, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1. grading plant of superfine metallic chromium powder
The grading device designed by the invention consists of an ultrasonic screen and a wet magnetic separator, wherein the wet magnetic separator consists of a dispersion tank and a receiver which are connected together by a bracket.
The dispersion tank is including being hollow columniform jar body, be provided with the rotation axis of taking the rotary vane in the middle part cavity of jar body, the top surface and the bottom surface of jar body are provided with helmholtz coil respectively, keep away from on the jar body top surface and accept the ware end and seted up feed inlet and fluid replacement mouth, be close to on the jar body lateral wall and accept the vertical slip discharge gate that is provided with of ware end, jar body bottom surface is provided with the coarse fodder mouth.
A first sliding rail is arranged on the side, close to the receiver, of the sliding discharge port, and a sliding strip with a liquid outlet is arranged in the first sliding rail; the sliding bar can reciprocate along the straight line where the first sliding rail is located under the drive of an external motor, and can reciprocate along the radial straight line from the central axis of the tank body to the sliding discharge port.
The top of the receiver is lower than the bottom of the tank body, and a plurality of liquid distributing tanks are arranged on the receiver.
The inclination angle of the liquid separating groove is 10-15 degrees, the high end of the liquid separating groove, which is close to the dispersion tank, is a liquid inlet end, and one side of the liquid inlet end is provided with a second sliding rail with a sliding block.
A hose is connected between the liquid outlet hole on the sliding bar and the sliding block on the second sliding rail.
An ultrasonic oscillator is arranged between the bottom surface of the tank body and the bracket.
Further, the bottom surface of the tank body is an inclined surface with an inclination angle of 10-15 degrees, and the end close to the receiver is a low end.
Further, the height of the tank body is equal to the radius of the Helmholtz coil, a pressure relief hole is formed in the top surface of the tank body, close to the end of the receiver, and an observation window is formed in the side surface of the tank body.
Further, grading plant is including the equalizing pipe that is provided with the regulation mouth, the equalizing pipe passes through the connecting pipe and is connected with first slide rail bottom, when slide bar adjustment position kept away from the slip discharge gate, communicates between cavity, connecting pipe and the equalizing pipe between dispersion jar, first slide rail and the slide bar, constitutes a communicating vessel jointly.
Further, one side, far away from the sliding discharge port, of the first sliding rail is provided with a plurality of rebound balls.
Further, a sealing valve is arranged at the end, close to the liquid outlet, of the hose.
2. Grading method
The method for grading the superfine chromium metal powder by using the grading device specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting raw material chromium powder, and detecting physical and chemical properties of the raw material chromium powder;
s2, primarily screening the raw material chromium powder collected in the step S1 by using a 500-mesh ultrasonic screen to remove large-particle-size particles;
s3, initial tone
S3-1, closing a sealing valve on a hose of the wet magnetic separator; the sliding block is controlled by a motor to move to the highest point, and a relative sliding state with a cavity left between the sliding block and the first sliding rail is maintained; liquid paraffin is respectively supplemented into the tank body and the equalizing pipe through the liquid supplementing port and the regulating port, and air is discharged; after the liquid paraffin levels in the tank body and the equalizing pipe are leveled, controlling the sliding block to move to the highest point, and keeping a tightly attached non-relatively sliding state with the first sliding rail; the power supply is turned on through the control panel, so that a uniform magnetic field is formed between the Helmholtz coils on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dispersion tank; opening a rotating shaft to enable the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank to slowly flow; keeping the ultrasonic oscillator on during powder classification;
s3-2, taking a small amount of chromium powder treated by the S2, and introducing the chromium powder into a feed inlet of a dispersion tank from an air inlet pipeline under the traction of an induced draft fan in a nitrogen atmosphere;
s3-3, gradually adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the Helmholtz coil, and recording the magnetic field intensity at the moment as the standard magnetic field intensity of the batch of chromium powder when the chromium powder in the tank body is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin according to the design standard through the observation window;
s3-4, opening a sealing valve on the hose of the wet magnetic separator; the sliding block is controlled to move at a pushing distance of 1-2 cm, and liquid paraffin flowing out due to the movement of the sliding block is led to a liquid separating groove on a receiver connected with each collecting container through a hose;
s3-5, recording the relation between the particle size range and the liquid depth of paraffin under the standard magnetic field intensity of chromium powder with different particle sizes;
s3-6, opening a coarse material port, and emptying liquid paraffin in the tank body;
s4, screening
S4-1, repeating the operation of the step S3-1; turning on the Helmholtz coil with the standard magnetic field strength recorded in the step S3-3;
s4-2, taking the chromium powder treated in the step S2, and pulling the chromium powder by a draught fan under the nitrogen atmosphere, and enabling the chromium powder to enter a feed inlet of a dispersion tank from an air inlet pipeline;
s4-3, when the chromium powder in the tank body is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin through the observation window, obtaining the relation between the diameter range of the chromium powder and the liquid depth of the paraffin according to the step S3-5, and controlling the propelling distance of each movement of the sliding block, so as to obtain the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle size ranges through screening;
s4-4, respectively azeotropically removing the liquid paraffin obtained in the step S4-3 with ethanol, collecting chromium powder, and recovering the liquid paraffin.
Further, in the step S3-3, the design criteria for judging that the chromium powder is dispersed in the liquid paraffin are as follows: under the depth of 0.5cm to 1cm from the liquid level, no obvious chromium powder distribution is observed by naked eyes.
Further, in the step S3-1, the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is 10-15 r/min, and the power of the ultrasonic oscillator is 1.5-2.75 kW.
Compared with the existing wet classification method of chromium powder, the method has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through the combined action of gravity, buoyancy and magnetic force, the relation between the granularity range of the metal chromium powder and the depth of the metal chromium powder in the liquid paraffin is established, and the chromium powder in different granularity ranges is obtained through extracting the liquid paraffin with different depths. Because the extraction depth of the liquid paraffin can be accurately controlled, the invention can accurately grade the chromium powder with different particle diameters, and the obtained chromium powder has concentrated distribution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a dispersion tank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of ultrafine chromium powder obtained by screening in example 4 of the invention.
In the figure: the magnetic separator comprises a 1-wet magnetic separator, an 11-dispersing tank, a 111-tank body, a 1111-feed inlet, a 1112-fluid supplementing inlet, a 1113-sliding discharge outlet, a 11131-first sliding rail, a 11132-sliding bar, a 111321-fluid outlet, a 1114-pressure relief hole, a 1115-coarse material inlet, a 1116-observation window, a 112-rotating shaft, 1121-rotating blades, 113-Helmholtz coils, a 12-receiver, 121-fluid dividing tanks, 1211-fluid inlet ends, 122-second sliding rails, 1221-sliding blocks, 123-hoses, 1231-sealing valves, 13-brackets, 14-ultrasonic vibration meters, 15-pressure equalizing pipes, 151-adjusting ports and 16-connecting pipes.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the manner and effects of the invention, a technical scheme of the invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with examples and experimental examples.
Example 1
Example 1 mainly illustrates the structure of the wet magnetic separator for classifying superfine chromium metal powder, which is designed by the invention, and the specific contents are as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the classifying device designed by the invention is formed by combining an ultrasonic screen and a wet magnetic separator 1, wherein the wet magnetic separator 1 is formed by a dispersing tank 11 and a receiver 12 which are connected together by a bracket 13.
The dispersion tank 11 comprises a tank body 111 which is hollow and cylindrical, a rotary shaft 112 with a rotary blade 1121 is arranged in a middle cavity of the tank body 111, helmholtz coils 113 are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the tank body 111, a feed inlet 1111 and a liquid supplementing port 1112 are formed in the top surface of the tank body 111, which is far away from the end of the receiver 12, a sliding discharge port 1113 is vertically arranged on the side wall of the tank body 111, which is close to the end of the receiver 12, and a coarse fodder port 1115 is formed in the bottom surface of the tank body 111.
The sliding discharge hole 1113 is provided with a first sliding rail 11131 near the receiver 12, and a sliding bar 11132 with a liquid outlet 111321 is arranged in the first sliding rail 11131; the sliding bar 11132 may reciprocate along a straight line where the first sliding rail 11131 is located under the drive of an external motor, or may reciprocate along a radial straight line from the central axis of the can 111 to the sliding discharge port 1113.
The top of the receiver 12 is lower than the bottom of the tank 111, and a plurality of liquid separating tanks 121 are arranged on the receiver.
The inclination angle of the liquid dividing groove 121 is 10 degrees, the high end of the liquid dividing groove 121, which is close to the dispersion tank 11, is a liquid inlet end 1211, and a second sliding rail 122 with a sliding block 1221 is arranged on one side of the liquid inlet end 1211.
A hose 123 is connected between the liquid outlet hole 111321 on the sliding bar 11132 and the sliding block 1221 on the second sliding rail 122.
An ultrasonic oscillator 14 is arranged between the bottom surface of the tank 111 and the bracket 13.
Specifically, the bottom surface of the tank 111 is an inclined surface with an inclination angle of 10 ° and the end near the receptacle 12 is a lower end.
Specifically, the height of the tank 111 is equal to the radius of the helmholtz coil 113, a pressure release hole 1114 is provided on the top surface of the tank 111 near the end of the receiver 12, and an observation window 1116 is provided on the side surface of the tank 111.
Specifically, the grading device includes a pressure equalizing tube 15 provided with an adjusting port 151, the pressure equalizing tube 15 is connected with the bottom end of the first sliding rail 11131 through a connecting tube 16, and when the adjusting position of the sliding bar 11132 is far away from the sliding discharge port 1113, the dispersing tank 11, the cavity between the first sliding rail 11131 and the sliding bar 11132, the connecting tube 16, and the pressure equalizing tube 15 are communicated together to form a communicating vessel.
Specifically, a plurality of balls capable of rebounding are disposed on a side, far away from the sliding outlet 1113, of the first sliding rail 11131.
Specifically, the end of the hose 123 near the liquid outlet 111321 is provided with a sealing valve 1231.
Example 2
Example 2 is identical to example 1 except for the following:
the inclination angle of the liquid dividing groove 121 is 15 degrees, the high end of the liquid dividing groove 121, which is close to the dispersion tank 11, is a liquid inlet end 1211, and a second sliding rail 122 with a sliding block 1221 is arranged on one side of the liquid inlet end 1211.
The bottom surface of the tank 111 is an inclined surface with an inclination angle of 15 degrees, and the end close to the receiver 12 is a low end.
Example 3
The description of example 3 is based on the device structure in example 1, and is intended to illustrate the classification method of wet magnetic separator 1 designed by the present invention, and the specific contents are as follows:
s1, collecting raw material chromium powder prepared by an aluminothermic reduction method, and detecting the physicochemical properties of the raw material chromium powder;
s2, primarily screening the raw material chromium powder collected in the step S1 by using a 500-mesh ultrasonic screen to remove large-particle-size particles;
s3, initial tone
S3-1, closing a sealing valve 1231 on a hose 123 of the wet magnetic separator 1; the sliding block 11132 is controlled to move to the highest point by a motor, and a relative sliding state with a cavity left is kept with the first sliding rail 11131; liquid paraffin is respectively replenished into the tank 111 and the equalizing pipe 15 through the replenishing port 1112 and the regulating port 151, and air is discharged; after the liquid paraffin levels in the tank 111 and the equalizing pipe 15 are leveled, the sliding block 11132 is controlled to move to the highest point, and the sliding block is kept in a tightly attached non-relatively sliding state with the first sliding rail 11131; a power supply is turned on through a control panel, so that a uniform magnetic field is formed between the Helmholtz coils 113 on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dispersion tank 11; opening the rotation shaft 112 to cause the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank 11 to slowly flow; the sonotrode 14 is kept on during powder classification;
s3-2, taking a small amount of chromium powder treated by the S2, and introducing the chromium powder into a feed inlet 1111 of the dispersion tank 111 from an air inlet pipeline under the traction of an induced draft fan in a nitrogen atmosphere; according to the weight percentage, 35% of chromium powder and 65% of liquid paraffin;
s3-3, gradually adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the Helmholtz coil 113, and recording the magnetic field intensity at the moment as the standard magnetic field intensity of the batch of chromium powder when the chromium powder in the tank 111 is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin according to the design standard through the observation window 1116: 1.1T;
s3-4, opening a sealing valve 1231 on a hose 123 of the wet magnetic separator 1; the slide block 11132 is controlled to move at a pushing distance of 2cm, and the liquid paraffin which has been discharged by the movement of the slide block 11132 is guided to the liquid separation tank 121 on the receptacle 12 connected to each collecting container through the hose 123;
s3-5, recording the relation between the particle size range and the depth of paraffin liquid of chromium powder with different particle sizes under the magnetic field intensity of 1.1T, wherein the relation is shown in the table 1;
TABLE 1 relationship between the range of the particle diameters of the chromium powder and the depth of the paraffin liquid in example 3
| Depth of paraffin liquid (cm) | Chromium powder particle diameter range (mum) | Particle size distribution (%) |
| 0～5 | ＜3 | D97 |
| 5～20 | 3～5 | D97 |
| 20～30 | 3～5 | D90 |
| 30～40 | 5～7 | D97 |
| 40～50 | 5～7 | D90 |
| 50～60 | 7～9 | D90 |
| 60～70 | 7～9 | D50 |
| 70～80 | 9～10 | D90 |
| 80～90 | ＞10 | D50 |
| 90～100 | ＞10 | D90 |
S3-6, opening a coarse material opening 1115, and emptying liquid paraffin in the tank 111;
s4, screening
S4-1, repeating the operation of the step S3-1; turning on the Helmholtz coil 113 with the standard magnetic field strength recorded in step S3-3;
s4-2, taking the chromium powder treated in the step S2, and under the nitrogen atmosphere, pulling the chromium powder by a draught fan, and entering a feed inlet 1111 of the dispersion tank 111 from an air inlet pipeline;
s4-3, when the chromium powder in the tank 111 is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin through the observation window 1116, obtaining the relation between the diameter range of the chromium powder and the liquid depth of the paraffin according to the step S3-5, and controlling the propelling distance of each movement of the sliding block 11132 so as to obtain the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle size ranges through screening;
s4-4, respectively azeotropically removing the liquid paraffin obtained in the step S4-3 with ethanol, collecting chromium powder, and recovering the liquid paraffin.
Specifically, in the step S3-3, the design criteria for judging that the chromium powder is dispersed in the liquid paraffin are as follows: under the depth of 1cm from the liquid level, no obvious chromium powder distribution is observed by naked eyes.
Specifically, in the step S3-1, the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 112 is 10r/min, and the power of the ultrasonic oscillator 14 is 1kW.
Example 4
The description of example 4 is based on the method described in example 3, aiming at illustrating the classification results of chromium powder as different raw materials under different setting parameters, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting raw material chromium powder prepared by an aluminothermic reduction method, and detecting the physicochemical properties of the raw material chromium powder;
s2, primarily screening the raw material chromium powder collected in the step S1 by using a 500-mesh ultrasonic screen to remove large-particle-size particles;
s3, initial tone
S3-1, closing a sealing valve 1231 on a hose 123 of the wet magnetic separator 1; the sliding block 11132 is controlled to move to the highest point by a motor, and a relative sliding state with a cavity left is kept with the first sliding rail 11131; liquid paraffin is respectively replenished into the tank 111 and the equalizing pipe 15 through the replenishing port 1112 and the regulating port 151, and air is discharged; after the liquid paraffin levels in the tank 111 and the equalizing pipe 15 are leveled, the sliding block 11132 is controlled to move to the highest point, and the sliding block is kept in a tightly attached non-relatively sliding state with the first sliding rail 11131; a power supply is turned on through a control panel, so that a uniform magnetic field is formed between the Helmholtz coils 113 on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dispersion tank 11; opening the rotation shaft 112 to cause the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank 11 to slowly flow; the sonotrode 14 is kept on during powder classification;
s3-2, taking a small amount of chromium powder treated by the S2, and introducing the chromium powder into a feed inlet 1111 of the dispersion tank 111 from an air inlet pipeline under the traction of an induced draft fan in a nitrogen atmosphere; 40% of chromium powder and 60% of liquid paraffin by weight percent;
s3-3, gradually adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the Helmholtz coil 113, and recording the magnetic field intensity at the moment as the standard magnetic field intensity of the batch of chromium powder when the chromium powder in the tank 111 is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin according to the design standard through the observation window 1116: 1.5T;
s3-4, opening a sealing valve 1231 on a hose 123 of the wet magnetic separator 1; the slide block 11132 is controlled to move at a push distance of 1cm, and the liquid paraffin which has been discharged by the movement of the slide block 11132 is guided to the liquid separation tank 121 on the receptacle 12 connected to each collecting container through the hose 123;
s3-5, recording the relation between the particle size range and the depth of paraffin liquid of chromium powder with different particle sizes under the magnetic field intensity of 1.5T, wherein the relation is shown in Table 2;
TABLE 2 relationship between the range of the particle diameters of the chromium powder and the depth of the paraffin liquid in example 4
| Depth of paraffin liquid (cm) | Chromium powder particle diameter range (mum) | Particle size distribution (%) |
| 0～5 | ＜3 | D97 |
| 5～15 | 3～5 | D97 |
| 15～25 | 3～5 | D90 |
| 25～35 | 5～7 | D97 |
| 35～45 | 5～7 | D90 |
| 45～60 | 7～9 | D90 |
| 60～70 | 7～9 | D50 |
| 70～80 | 9～10 | D90 |
| 80～90 | ＞10 | D50 |
| 90～100 | ＞10 | D90 |
S3-6, opening a coarse material opening 1115, and emptying liquid paraffin in the tank 111;
s4, screening
S4-1, repeating the operation of the step S3-1; turning on the Helmholtz coil 113 with the standard magnetic field strength recorded in step S3-3;
s4-2, taking the chromium powder treated in the step S2, and under the nitrogen atmosphere, pulling the chromium powder by a draught fan, and entering a feed inlet 1111 of the dispersion tank 111 from an air inlet pipeline;
s4-3, when the chromium powder in the tank 111 is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin through the observation window 1116, obtaining the relation between the diameter range of the chromium powder and the liquid depth of the paraffin according to the step S3-5, and controlling the propelling distance of each movement of the sliding block 11132 so as to obtain the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle size ranges through screening;
s4-4, respectively azeotropically removing the liquid paraffin obtained in the step S4-3 with ethanol, collecting chromium powder, and recovering the liquid paraffin.
Specifically, in the step S3-3, the design criteria for judging that the chromium powder is dispersed in the liquid paraffin are as follows: at a depth of 0.5cm from the liquid surface, no obvious chromium powder distribution was observed with naked eyes.
Specifically, in the step S3-1, the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 112 is 15r/min, and the power of the ultrasonic oscillator 14 is 1.5kW.
Experimental example
The experimental example is described on the basis of the classification method of chromium powder described in example 4, and aims to test specific properties of the superfine chromium powder (particle size < 3 μm) after sieving.
Samples were taken three times from the ultrafine chromium powder (particle size < 3 μm) prepared in example 4, and were designated as group 1, group 2, and group 3, respectively, and specific chromium powder components and particle sizes are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Properties of ultrafine chromium powder (particle size < 3 μm)
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the superfine chromium powder prepared by the electrolytic method was classified by the classification method described in example 4, and the obtained superfine chromium powder was small in impurity content, concentrated in particle size distribution and superior in performance to the superfine chromium powder obtained by the conventional screening method.
Claims (10)
1. The grading device for the superfine metal chromium powder consists of an ultrasonic screen and a wet magnetic separator (1) in parallel, and is characterized in that the wet magnetic separator (1) consists of a dispersion tank (11) and a receiver (12) which are connected together by a bracket (13);
the dispersing tank (11) comprises a hollow cylindrical tank body (111), a rotary shaft (112) with a rotary blade (1121) is arranged in a middle cavity of the tank body (111), helmholtz coils (113) are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the tank body (111), a feed inlet (1111) and a liquid supplementing opening (1112) are formed in the top surface of the tank body (111) at the end far away from the receiver (12), a sliding discharge opening (1113) is vertically formed in the side wall of the tank body (111) close to the receiver (12), and a coarse material opening (1115) is formed in the bottom surface of the tank body (111);
a first sliding rail (11131) is arranged on the side, close to the receiver (12), of the sliding discharge hole (1113), and a sliding strip (11132) with a liquid outlet hole (111321) is arranged in the first sliding rail (11131); the sliding bar (11132) can reciprocate along the straight line where the first sliding rail (11131) is positioned under the drive of an external motor, and can also reciprocate along the radial straight line from the central axis of the tank body (111) to the sliding discharge port (1113);
the top of the receiver (12) is lower than the bottom of the tank body (111), and a plurality of liquid separating tanks (121) are arranged on the receiver;
the inclination angle of the liquid separating groove (121) is 10-15 degrees, the high end of the liquid separating groove (121) close to the dispersion tank (11) is a liquid inlet end (1211), and a second sliding rail (122) with a sliding block (1221) is arranged on one side of the liquid inlet end (1211);
a hose (123) is connected between the liquid outlet hole (111321) on the sliding bar (11132) and the sliding block (1221) on the second sliding rail (122);
an ultrasonic oscillator (14) is arranged between the bottom surface of the tank body (111) and the bracket (13).
2. The classifying device for ultrafine metal chromium powder according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the tank body (111) is an inclined surface with an inclination angle of 10-15 degrees, and the end close to the receiver (12) is a low end.
3. The classifying device for ultrafine metal chromium powder according to claim 1, wherein the height of the tank body (111) is equal to the radius of the helmholtz coil (113), a pressure release hole (1114) is formed in the top surface of the tank body (111) near the end of the receiver (12), and an observation window (1116) is formed in the side surface of the tank body (111).
4. The classifying device for ultrafine metal chromium powder according to claim 1, wherein the classifying device comprises a pressure equalizing pipe (15) provided with an adjusting port (151), the pressure equalizing pipe (15) is connected with the bottom end of the first sliding rail (11131) through a connecting pipe (16), and when the adjusting position of the sliding bar (11132) is far away from the sliding discharge port (1113), the dispersing tank (11), the cavity between the first sliding rail (11131) and the sliding bar (11132), the connecting pipe (16) and the pressure equalizing pipe (15) are communicated to form a communicating vessel.
5. The classifying device for ultrafine metal chromium powder according to claim 1, wherein a side of the first slide rail (11131) away from the sliding outlet (1113) is provided with a plurality of rebounding balls.
6. The classifying device for ultrafine metal chromium powder according to claim 1, wherein a sealing valve (1231) is provided at the end of the hose (123) near the liquid outlet hole (111321).
7. The classifying device for ultrafine metallic chromium powder according to claim 1, wherein a motor for driving a rotary shaft (112) is provided in a lower bracket (13) of the dispersion tank (11).
8. The method for classifying ultrafine metal chromium powder by using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting raw material chromium powder, and detecting physical and chemical properties of the raw material chromium powder;
s2, primarily screening the raw material chromium powder collected in the step S1 by using a 500-mesh ultrasonic screen to remove large-particle-size particles;
s3, initial tone
S3-1, closing a sealing valve (1231) on a hose (123) of the wet magnetic separator (1); the sliding bar (11132) is controlled by a motor to move to the highest point, and the sliding bar and the first sliding rail (11131) keep a relatively sliding state with a cavity; liquid paraffin is respectively supplemented into the tank body (111) and the equalizing pipe (15) through the liquid supplementing port (1112) and the regulating port (151), and air is discharged; after the liquid paraffin liquid levels in the tank body (111) and the equalizing pipe (15) are leveled, the sliding bar (11132) is controlled to move to the highest point, and the sliding bar is kept in a tightly attached non-relative sliding state with the first sliding rail (11131); the power supply is turned on through the control panel, so that a uniform magnetic field is formed between the Helmholtz coils (113) on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dispersion tank (11); opening a rotating shaft (112) to enable the liquid paraffin in the dispersion tank (11) to slowly flow; keeping the ultrasonic oscillator (14) on during powder classification;
s3-2, taking a small amount of chromium powder treated by the S2, and introducing the chromium powder into a feed inlet (1111) of a dispersion tank (11) from an air inlet pipeline under the nitrogen atmosphere by traction of an induced draft fan;
s3-3, gradually adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the Helmholtz coil (113), and recording the magnetic field intensity at the moment as the standard magnetic field intensity of S3-2 introduced into the chromium powder when the chromium powder in the tank body (111) is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin according to the design standard through the observation window (1116);
s3-4, opening a sealing valve (1231) on a hose (123) of the wet magnetic separator (1); the sliding bar (11132) is controlled to move at a pushing distance of 1-2 cm, and liquid paraffin flowing out due to the movement of the sliding bar (11132) is led to a liquid separating groove (121) on a receiver (12) connected with each collecting container through a hose (123);
s3-5, recording the relation between the particle size range and the liquid depth of paraffin under the standard magnetic field intensity of chromium powder with different particle sizes;
s3-6, opening a coarse material opening (1115), and evacuating liquid paraffin in the tank body (111);
s4, screening
S4-1, repeating the operation of the step S3-1; turning on the Helmholtz coil (113) with the standard magnetic field strength recorded in step S3-3;
s4-2, taking the chromium powder treated in the step S2, and under the nitrogen atmosphere, pulling the chromium powder by a draught fan, and entering a feed inlet (1111) of a dispersion tank (11) from an air inlet pipeline;
s4-3, when the chromium powder in the tank body (111) is observed to be dispersed in the liquid paraffin through the observation window (1116), obtaining the relation between the diameter range of the chromium powder and the liquid depth of the paraffin according to the step S3-5, and controlling the propelling distance of each movement of the sliding bar (11132), so as to obtain the liquid paraffin containing the chromium powder with different particle size ranges through screening;
s4-4, respectively azeotropically removing the liquid paraffin obtained in the step S4-3 with ethanol, collecting chromium powder, and recovering the liquid paraffin.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step S3-3, the design criteria for judging that the chromium powder is dispersed in the liquid paraffin is: under the depth of 0.5cm to 1cm from the liquid level, no obvious chromium powder distribution is generated under visual observation.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step S3-1, the rotation speed of the rotation shaft (112) is 10-15 r/min, and the power of the ultrasonic oscillator (14) is 1.0-1.5 kW.
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