CN113578515B - Protective sorting equipment and method for large-scale graphite - Google Patents
Protective sorting equipment and method for large-scale graphite Download PDFInfo
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- CN113578515B CN113578515B CN202111149433.XA CN202111149433A CN113578515B CN 113578515 B CN113578515 B CN 113578515B CN 202111149433 A CN202111149433 A CN 202111149433A CN 113578515 B CN113578515 B CN 113578515B
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B11/00—Feed or discharge devices integral with washing or wet-separating equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses large flake graphite protective sorting equipment which comprises a sorting device, a water inlet device, a collecting device and a feeding device, wherein the water inlet device is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the sorting device; the sorting device comprises a main body, and the water inlet device is arranged at the bottom end of the main body and comprises a water inlet and a water flow input area; the collecting device comprises a collecting tank and a concentrate outlet arranged on the side wall of the collecting tank; water flow enters the main body through the water flow input area and flows upwards to form overflow, and flaky large-scale graphite enters the collecting tank along with the overflow to realize separation. The water flow separation method adopted by the invention does not need stirring and size mixing, only needs to directly input the dissociated raw ore into the separation device, and has the advantages of high protection degree on the flake graphite, simple equipment, convenient operation, high recovery rate and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of large flake graphite sorting, in particular to protective sorting equipment and method for large flake graphite.
Background
The graphite is a carbonaceous non-metallic mineral, the technological characteristics of the graphite mainly depend on the crystallization form of the graphite, and according to the difference of the crystallization form, the natural graphite can be industrially divided into three types of compact crystalline graphite (blocky graphite), aphanitic graphite (earthy graphite) and flake graphite, wherein the flake graphite is one of ores with the best floatability in nature, and high-grade graphite concentrate can be obtained through multiple grinding and multiple sorting, and the floatability, lubricity, plasticity and the like of the ores are superior to those of other types of graphite, so that the graphite has industrial application value.
The flake graphite is formed by high-pressure modification, is generally grey, is yellow brown or grey white in weathering, is mostly produced in gneiss, schist, crystalline limestone and skarn, has more complex symbiotic minerals, mainly contains flaky crystalline carbon and is accompanied by high-hardness and high-density impurity minerals such as feldspar, quartz, biotite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, rutile and the like. Most of the flake graphite is natural crystalloid graphite, has a flaky structure, is similar to fish scales, belongs to a hexagonal system and has a good crystalline state. Generally, the large flake graphite refers to the flake graphite with the granularity of more than 0.15mm, the ultra-large flake graphite refers to the flake graphite with the granularity of more than 0.5mm, and the large flake graphite and the ultra-large flake graphite have higher industrial application value. However, because the content of large scale graphite in natural ore is extremely low, optimizing the process of flotation and sorting large scale graphite is particularly important, meanwhile, because the scale graphite needs to be subjected to crushing and screening before being subjected to flotation or sorting, and flotation also needs to be subjected to pulp mixing, stirring and other processes, and because the natural scale graphite ore is generally symbiotic with other high-hardness minerals such as quartz, repeated stirring causes the high-hardness minerals to have great damage effect on the large scale graphite.
A common apparatus for flotation in the prior art is an agitated flotation machine. The stirring type flotation machine is provided with a mechanical stirring device, the stirring device plays a role in stirring ore pulp and distributing airflow, gas is passively sucked by the stirring device or is forcibly blown in by utilizing a specially-arranged fan outside, bubbles are formed inside the ore pulp, a certain amount of flotation reagent is added into the ore pulp, and graphite is sorted under the combined action of the flotation reagent and the bubbles. In the flotation process, the stirring device and the stirring process drive high-hardness mineral particles to repeatedly rub with the large-scale graphite, so that the large-scale graphite is cracked and broken, the loss of the large-scale graphite is serious, a large amount of flotation reagents are consumed, and the environmental protection, energy conservation and consumption reduction are not facilitated. Meanwhile, the horizontal flotation machine has small treatment capacity and large occupied area of equipment. The invention patent 107321472A provides a flake graphite separation method based on air current separation and flotation, which comprises the steps of classifying graphite ore materials through a sieving machine, mixing the crushed materials of the graphite ore materials with undersize fine materials, feeding the mixture into an air current separator for separation to obtain rough concentrate, and feeding the rough concentrate into a large flake graphite flotation system for flotation to obtain a large flake graphite concentrate product. The method can obtain flake graphite with higher purity, but has larger destructive effect on large flake graphite, especially oversized flake graphite, poorer flotation effect when the flake is larger, and more loss large flake graphite. Chinese invention patent CN112718232A discloses a method for protecting crystalline graphite flakes by classified grinding and floating, which utilizes a hydraulic flotation method to avoid the damage to the large flake graphite and reduce the loss, and can separate the large flake graphite from other minerals, the method adopts a gas-liquid jet method to increase bubbles in water to collide and adhere with coarse particles to realize flotation, the main principle is realized by increasing buoyancy by coating graphite particles with foam, the cost is reduced by avoiding using a large amount of catching agent, but the method has extremely high requirements on the amount and the size of the bubbles, is extremely difficult to control in actual operation, and the stirring step still causes damage and damage to the large flake graphite before the flotation process, especially the existing large flake graphite minerals belong to low grade, the flotation method of the device has high cost and complex flow, the large graphite flakes have large loss in the separation process, low yield and low yield.
Clearly, there is a need to develop a process that protects the large scale graphite from damage and destruction and also allows for a fast and low cost production of concentrate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide protective sorting equipment and a protective sorting method for large flake graphite, which are different from a general flotation method in the prior art, do not need grinding and stirring, directly put dry powder into the sorting equipment, adopt a water flow sorting method, reduce the friction action between the large flake graphite and high-hardness minerals, and protect the large flake graphite from abrasion and cracking to the maximum extent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides large flake graphite protective sorting equipment which comprises a sorting device, a water inlet device, a collecting device and a feeding device, wherein the water inlet device is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the sorting device; the sorting device comprises a main body, wherein the main body is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the top; the water inlet device is arranged at the bottom end of the main body and comprises a plurality of water inlets which are uniformly distributed and a water flow input area communicated with the water inlets, and the water flow input area is communicated with the main body; the collecting device comprises a collecting tank with an opening at least at the bottom and a concentrate outlet arranged on the side wall of the collecting tank, the opening of the collecting tank is sleeved on the outer wall of the main body, and the opening end of the main body is lower than the top wall of the collecting tank to form an overflow port; water flows into the main body through the water flow input area and flows upwards to form overflow, and flaky large-scale graphite enters the collecting tank through the overflow port along with the overflow and flows out through the concentrate outlet to realize separation. Wherein, the granularity of the large flake graphite is more than 0.15mm, and the coarse particle mineral is a high-hardness and high-density impurity mineral which is intergrowth with the large flake graphite.
Preferably, the water flow input area is a holding cavity with a double-layer funnel-shaped structure, the holding cavity comprises an upper layer bucket and a lower layer bucket which are formed by two separated and parallel conical surfaces or polygonal pyramid surfaces, and water in the water flow input area enters the main body through the upper layer bucket to form an upward water flow; the upper layer is fought for evenly having arranged the grid board of a plurality of through-holes, makes the material can not pass through the upper layer is fought and is got into in the rivers input area.
Preferably, the feeding device comprises a feeding pipe and a discharge hole fixed at the bottom end of the feeding pipe, the feeding pipe is arranged at the center of the top of the main body and vertically extends downwards into the main body; the discharge port comprises a conical bottom plate and a discharge port, one end of the discharge port is fixedly connected with the feeding pipe, the other end of the discharge port is fixedly connected with the conical surface of the bottom plate, and the discharge port is in a grid type or a fence type.
Preferably, the main body is provided with a separation area for separation operation and a mineral gathering area at the bottom of the main body, the flaky large scale graphite overflows into the collecting tank from the separation area, and high-density minerals are deposited in the mineral gathering area downwards.
Preferably, the collecting tank comprises an annular collecting region protruding from the outer wall of the main body, and minerals in the sorting region can overflow into the collecting region through an overflow port along with rising water, so that the main body and the collecting tank form a circulating structure.
Preferably, the bottom of the collecting area is an inclined plane which is annularly arranged on the outer wall of the main body and inclines towards one side, the concentrate outlet is arranged on the outer wall of the lowest point of the inclined plane, and the large-scale graphite entering the collecting area flows to the concentrate outlet along the inclined plane along with the water flow to be discharged.
Preferably, the device further comprises an auxiliary device, wherein the auxiliary device comprises at least one gas-medicine input pipeline, the gas-medicine input pipeline penetrates through the outer wall of the main body, and the position of the gas-medicine input pipeline is lower than the position of the discharge port.
To achieve another object of the present invention, the present invention further provides a large flake graphite protective sorting method, comprising the steps of:
(1) water injection: injecting water into the water flow input area and the main body through the water inlet to form upward water flow, adjusting the upward speed of the water flow until the cylinder is completely filled with water, and enabling the water to overflow from the opening at the top end of the cylinder, enter the collecting tank and flow out through the concentrate outlet;
(2) feeding: conveying the dissociated material of the large-scale graphite raw ore into a feeding pipe, and dispersing the material into a separation area in a main body through a discharge hole;
(3) sorting: the materials entering the cylinder form two parts moving upwards and downwards in the cylinder, the gravity of the flaky large flake graphite is smaller than the upward pushing action of the water flow, and the flaky large flake graphite overflows into the collecting tank and is discharged through the concentrate outlet under the action of the upward displaced water flow; the gravity of the high-density granular gangue minerals is greater than the buoyancy effect of water flow, the gangue minerals are less influenced by the rising water flow and continue to settle downwards to the mineral gathering area at the bottom of the cylinder body to form settled sand;
(4) sand discharging: the settled sand formed in the mineral gathering area is discharged through a tailing outlet.
Preferably, the step (3) and the step (4) further comprise the step of regulating the water flow speed in a programmed mode to perform repeated sorting, the repeated sorting is to discharge the materials enriched in the mineral accumulation area along the tailing outlet part, the flow speed of the water flow is regulated to 2-5 m/s, the upward materials enriched in the mineral accumulation area are flushed, the flaky large-scale graphite moves upward again, the flow speed of the water flow is regulated to 0.5-1.5 m/s again, the large-scale graphite overflows into the collecting tank along with the upward water flow, and the step can be performed repeatedly for multiple times.
Preferably, in the step (3), the separation of the large scale graphite and/or the oversized scale graphite ore can be completed by opening a gas-medicine input pipeline, introducing air and a flotation reagent into a separation operation area to generate flotation bubbles, capturing the oversized scale graphite and assisting in completing the separation of the large scale graphite and/or the oversized scale graphite, wherein the granularity of the oversized scale graphite is more than 0.5 mm.
The water flow separation method of the invention is different from the flotation method in the prior art, and the principle of the flotation method in the prior art is a mineral separation method for separating minerals by utilizing the difference of physicochemical properties of the surfaces of the minerals. Specifically, the contact area of the flaky large-scale graphite with water flow is large, the density is small, the thrust action of upward water flow is larger than the gravity of the upward water flow, and the upward water flow moves upwards along with the water flow and forms overflow to flow into the collecting tank to realize separation.
The upward driving force of the water flow of the large scale graphite or/and the ultra-large scale graphite, especially the ultra-large scale graphite, cannot quickly realize separation, and can increase the driving force of the water flow and the separation speed by adjusting the water flow speed.
Or air bubbles can be formed by adding a flotation reagent and air, large scale graphite or/and ultra-large scale graphite can be selectively captured, buoyancy is increased, and the large scale graphite and/or ultra-large scale graphite enter a collecting tank along with overflow to achieve the purpose of separating useful minerals from gangue, so that separation is realized.
In addition, the water flow sorting method adopted by the invention does not need grinding after the mineral raw materials are dissociated, and the mineral raw materials are directly input into the sorting equipment in a particle form for sorting the flake graphite, so that the abrasion and the cutting caused by the repeated friction of the high-hardness minerals on the large flake graphite in the grinding process are avoided. After entering the sorting equipment, according to the density difference between the mineral particles, the water flow is adopted for reverse selection, the density of the scale graphite is small, the scale graphite is larger than the action of gravity through the buoyancy, the scale graphite moves upwards to form overflow, and the overflow enters a collecting device and is collected through a concentrate outlet. Meanwhile, the water flow sorting method adopted by the invention increases the contact area with water flow according to the sheet structure of the scale graphite to increase the thrust of the water flow so as to realize selective collection, has simple operation and low energy consumption, does not need or needs low-dose adding of a flotation reagent, and reduces the cost. Meanwhile, the separation operation can be repeated for a plurality of times, and high recovery rate is realized.
Through the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts a water flow separation method, aiming at the characteristics of low density and sheet structure of large flake graphite, the large flake graphite is separated from the dissociated raw ore, the separation efficiency is high, multiple ore grinding is not needed, stirring and slurry mixing are not needed, the dissociated raw ore is only needed to be directly input into a separation device, the separation operation time is short, the energy consumption is low, the addition amount of a flotation reagent is small, even the flotation reagent is not needed to be added, the separation of the large flake graphite and/or the oversized flake graphite can be completed, the protection degree of the sheet graphite is high, the recovery rate is more than 80 percent, and the separation water can be reused.
2. According to the water flow sorting method, the contact area between the flake graphite and water flow is increased according to the flake structure of the flake graphite, so that the thrust of rising water flow is increased, sorting is realized, the upward thrust of the water flow can be adjusted by adjusting the flow velocity of the water flow in the cylinder, and the sorting efficiency and the recovery rate of the oversized flake graphite are improved.
3. Aiming at the raw ore of the large scale graphite, the recovery rate can be improved by repeatedly sorting by a method of regulating the speed of water flow by a program.
4. Aiming at the problems of low speed and low efficiency of separating the oversized flake graphite and/or the large flake graphite caused by insufficient upward pushing acting force of water flow, the water flow separation method adopted by the invention can be assisted by a flotation method and adding a flotation reagent and gas into the cylinder, so that flotation bubbles with a capture effect on the oversized flake graphite are obtained, and the separation of the oversized flake graphite is assisted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a feeding pipe; 2, collecting a tank; 201 a collection region; 202 overflow port; 3, a concentrate outlet; 4, discharging a material outlet; 401 a base plate; 402 a discharge opening; 5, a lower layer hopper; 6 gas-medicine input pipeline; 7, an upper layer hopper; 8, a water inlet; a 801 water flow input area; 9, a tailing outlet; 10 a main body; 1001 sorting area; 1002 mineral accumulation zone.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific contents of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a protective sorting apparatus for large-scale graphite, the sorted raw material is raw ore of the large-scale graphite, and the sorting target is the large-scale graphite and/or the oversized-scale graphite. Wherein, the granularity of the large flake graphite is more than 0.15mm, the granularity of the oversized flake graphite is more than 0.5mm, the coarse particle mineral is a high-hardness and high-density impurity mineral which is intergrowth with the large flake graphite, and the granularity of the coarse particle mineral is more than 0.3 mm.
This embodiment includes feed arrangement, sorting unit, water installations and collection device, and the water installations sets firmly in the sorting unit bottom, collection device set firmly in the sorting unit top, feed arrangement locate sorting unit top central authorities and vertical downwardly extending to the sorting unit in.
The sorting device comprises a main body 10, wherein the main body 10 is a hollow cylinder body with an open top structure, the interior of the cylinder body is divided into a sorting area 1001 for sorting operation and a mineral gathering area 1002 positioned at the bottom of the cylinder body, in the sorting area 1001, upward water flow pushes low-density flaky minerals (large flake graphite or ultra-large flake graphite) to overflow upwards and enter a collecting device, and high-hardness and high-density coarse particle minerals move downwards and enter the mineral gathering area 1002 to deposit and form settled sand to wait for sorting or discharging again.
The feeding device comprises a feeding pipe 1 and a discharging hole 4 fixed at the bottom end of the feeding pipe 1. The feeding pipe 1 vertically extends downwards into the barrel through the center of the top of the barrel of the main body 10, the discharge port 4 is arranged at the bottom end of the feeding pipe 1, the discharge port 4 consists of a conical bottom plate 401 and a grid type or fence type discharge port 402, one end of the discharge port 402 is fixedly connected with the feeding pipe 1, and the other end of the discharge port is fixedly connected with a conical surface. The material enters the discharge port 4 through the feeding pipe 1 and slides to the conical surface of the bottom plate 401, and then enters the cylinder body of the main body 10 through the periphery of the discharge port 402 in a dispersing manner, so that the phenomenon that mineral particles are agglomerated and enter water to reduce the separation efficiency is avoided. Simultaneously, bottom plate 401 can avoid filling into inlet pipe 1 with water and in-process rivers and lead to intraductal water seal or material to meet water conglobation to block up inlet pipe 1, lead to the unable problem that gets into sorting district 1001 of material.
Collection device sets firmly in the top of main part 10, collection device and main part 10 are coaxial structure, specifically, collection device is at least open-ended collecting vat 2, the top of main part 10 is located to the opening cover of bottom, the open end of main part 10 is less than the roof of collecting vat 2 and forms overflow mouth 202, collecting vat 2 be equipped with outstanding annular collection region 201 in main part 10 outer wall, the mineral of main part 10 bottom can be along with the rivers that rise overflow mouth 202 overflow to in collecting region 201, thereby make the barrel of main part 10 and the cell body of collecting vat 2 can form the structure of intercommunication. The dissociated material enters the main body 10 through the feeding pipe 1, and the length of the feeding pipe 1 entering the main body 10 can be adjusted according to the content of large scale graphite and/or oversized scale graphite in the material. Preferably, the top of collecting vat 2 can be uncovered or be equipped with the detachable top cap, can be through opening the top to observe the separation condition, and accomplish to clear up cell body and barrel sorting.
Specifically, the bottom of the collecting region 201 is an inclined plane which is annularly arranged on the outer wall of the main body 10, inclines towards one side and is smooth, the lowest inclined point is provided with a concentrate outlet 3, the large-scale graphite entering the collecting region 201 flows to the concentrate outlet 3 along the inclined plane along with water flow, and the water after concentrate filtration can be circularly injected into the main body 10 again.
The water intake device is located in the barrel bottom of the main body 10, specifically, is located adjacent to the lower end of the mineral gathering zone 1002. The water inlet device comprises a plurality of water inlets 8 and a water flow input area 801 which are evenly and horizontally distributed on the side wall of the barrel, the water flow input area 801 is communicated with the water inlets 8 and the main body 10, the water inlets 8 enter the water flow input area 801 and then form upward water flow due to water pressure, the upward water flow sequentially enters the mineral gathering area 1002 and the sorting area 1001, and overflow is formed into the collecting tank 2. The water inlet 8 is evenly and horizontally distributed on the side wall of the bottom of the barrel body, the flow of input water is adjusted through the motor according to needs, and the water inflow input area 801 is guaranteed to be even in each direction, so that more stable water flow is obtained. Preferably, water inlet 8 is connected with water pump and flow detection table for the flow of the water of adjustment and control input to in the main part 10, selects separately the technology after beginning, and concentrate export 3 keeps the open mode promptly, and the discharge capacity of concentrate export 3 is not less than the water injection volume of water inlet 8 to guarantee that the pressure of the rivers in the barrel keeps invariable, maintain stable overflow, realize effectual separation.
The water inlet 8 is provided with a motor for adjusting the flow velocity of water flow in the main body 10, and can provide an upward thrust for large scale graphite, and the contact area of flaky large scale graphite and water flow is large, so that the stress area of the flaky large scale graphite is large, and the upward thrust is larger than the gravity of the flaky large scale graphite, so that the upward thrust can form overflow along with the water flow to enter the collecting tank 2. When the dissociated material contains oversized flake graphite with higher content, the separation speed can be improved by adjusting the flow speed of water flow. Generally, the ascending speed of the water flow in the cylinder body during the separation of the large flake graphite is 0.2-5 m/s, and preferably the ascending speed is 1 m/s.
Preferably, the water flow input area 801 is a double-layer funnel-shaped accommodating space provided at the bottom of the cylinder of the main body 10. The containing cavity comprises an upper layer bucket 7 and a lower layer bucket 5 which are formed by two separated and parallel conical surfaces or polygonal pyramid surfaces, and water in the water flow input area 801 enters the main body 10 through the upper layer bucket 7 to form upward water flow. That is, the upper layer bucket 7 is a permeable layer of the water flow input area 801 and the mineral gathering area 1002, and water flow can flow into the cylinder body or flow back into the water flow input area 801 through the upper layer bucket, but settled sand cannot enter the water flow input area 801 through the upper layer bucket. The lower hopper 5 is a bottom layer of the main body 10 and a bottom layer of the main body 10, wherein the outer wall of the cylinder extends downwards.
The water inlet 8 is connected with an external water source, and the water source is continuously input into the water flow input area 801 by the motor to form water pressure, and then enters the cylinder body through the upper layer bucket 7 to generate upward water flow. Preferably, the upper layer hopper 7 is a grid plate uniformly provided with a plurality of through holes, the diameter of each through hole is smaller than the granularity of the sorted materials, so that the materials cannot enter the water flow input area 801 through the grid layer, and the input water forms uniformly ascending water flow through the grid layer. The aperture of the through hole is too large, so that minerals with small particle sizes enter the water flow input area 801 through the through hole and cannot be discharged, and the stability of the rising of water flow is influenced due to the overlarge aperture. Generally, the aperture of the through holes of the grid plate is less than 0.3mm, preferably, the aperture is 0.1-0.25 mm, and most preferably, the aperture is 0.15 mm. As a preferred embodiment, the grid plate is of a detachable structure, so that the grid plate is convenient to replace. Under the action of rising water flow, the gravity of the mineral particles with high density is greater than the buoyancy of the water flow and enters the mineral gathering area 1002 at the bottom of the main body 10 downwards, the flaky graphite with low density moves upwards to form overflow due to the large contact area and low density in the water flow and the action of the gravity is less than the thrust action of the upward water flow, the flaky graphite flows into the collecting tank 2, and the large flaky graphite flows out from the concentrate outlet 3 along with the water flow, so that the purpose of separating the large flaky graphite from other particle minerals is achieved. Preferably, the angle formed by the upper bucket layer 7 and the horizontal plane is 5-30 degrees, and optimally, the angle is 10 degrees.
The center of the water flow input area 801 is provided with a tailing outlet 9, the top end of the tailing outlet 9 is open and flush with the upper layer hopper 7, and forms a communicated structure with the mineral gathering area 1002, and the tail end of the tailing outlet vertically extends downwards and penetrates through the lower layer hopper 5 to the outside of the cylinder body. The tail end of the tailing outlet 9 is also provided with a valve, the valve is opened, and settled sand formed by high-density mineral particles in a mineral gathering area at the bottom of the main body 10 is discharged through the tailing outlet 9. Preferably, after the separation process is started, the valve of the tailing outlet 9 can be periodically opened, only part of settled sand needs to be removed each time, the settled sand is ensured not to block the through hole on the upper hopper 7, and the rising water flow is kept stable. Meanwhile, the flow velocity of water flow can be increased after the valve is opened to remove settled sand, the unseparated settled sand can be flushed upwards, and flaky minerals deposited along with granular minerals are flushed, so that secondary separation is realized.
As a preferable embodiment, for the raw ore with oversized flake graphite (the granularity is more than 0.5 mm), because the particles are larger, the gravity is also larger, and the pushing speed of the upward water flow to the oversized flake is slower, the sorting time is long, and the energy consumption is increased. In view of this, this embodiment can adopt an auxiliary device to improve the sorting speed of the oversized scales. The auxiliary device can improve the overflow speed of the oversized scales and shorten the sorting time.
The auxiliary device is fixedly arranged in the middle of the main body 10, is fixedly arranged at a position lower than the bottom plate 401, and comprises at least one gas-medicine input pipeline 6, wherein the gas-medicine input pipeline 6 penetrates through the cylinder wall of the main body 10, and injects a flotation reagent and air into a separation operation area. According to the actual need of selecting separately as required, let in catching agent and air, increase the bubble in the rivers and catch scale graphite, increase the buoyancy of scale graphite to increase the speed and the efficiency of selecting separately, realize sorting fast. Preferably, the trapping agent can be selected from the fast flotation agents in the prior art, such as methyl isobutyl carbinol, petroleum ether and acetone adopted in the chinese patent CN106513164A, or the flotation agent disclosed in the chinese patent CN107537679A, or the fast flotation agent disclosed in the chinese patent CN112718232A, which can all achieve the auxiliary flotation operation of the present embodiment.
Through the separation equipment described in the above embodiment, the specific method for protectively separating the large scale graphite comprises the following steps:
(1) water injection: water is injected into the water flow input area 801 through the water inlet 8, water pressure injects the water flow into the main body 10 of the sorting device to form upward water flow, the upward speed of the water flow is adjusted to be 0.2-5 m/s until the inside of the barrel is completely filled with the water, and the water overflows from the opening at the top end of the barrel and enters the collecting tank 2.
(2) Feeding: the materials after the dissociation of the large-scale graphite raw ore are conveyed into the feeding pipe 1 and are dispersed into the cylinder body of the main body 10 through the conical surface of the bottom plate 401, so that the mineral particles are prevented from being agglomerated and the sorting speed and efficiency are prevented from being influenced.
(3) Sorting: the materials entering the cylinder form two parts moving upwards and downwards in the cylinder, the gravity of the flaky large flake graphite with low density is smaller than the upward buoyancy of water flow, and the large flake graphite moves upwards to form overflow to enter the collecting tank 2 under the pushing action of the water flow which moves upwards; the gravity of high-density gangue minerals such as granular quartz and the like is greater than the buoyancy effect of water flow, the influence of rising water flow is small, and the minerals continue to settle downwards to the mineral accumulation area 1002 at the bottom of the cylinder body to form settled sand.
(4) Sand discharging: the valve on the tailing outlet 9 is opened and the settled sand formed in the mineral accumulation area is discharged through the tailing outlet 9. This step can be carried out with the separation technology of step (3) simultaneously, and while selecting separately, open the valve of tailing export 9 tail ends, the sand setting in the mineral gathering district is discharged simultaneously, avoids piling up too much, occupies the space of sorting district.
Further, along with the upward flaky minerals of water flow overflow to the collecting region 201 along with water flow and enter the collecting region 201 to form large-scale graphite concentrate, along with the downward displacement of coarse particles and high-density minerals discharged from the discharge port 4 by water flow, the minerals with the highest density are firstly enriched in the mineral accumulation region at the bottom of the cylinder body and gradually form gradient density change in the cylinder body, that is, the density of the minerals deposited at the bottom of the cylinder body is gradually reduced from bottom to top and can be discharged step by step through the tailing outlet 9.
Along with the separation, high-density minerals are enriched in a mineral accumulation area, materials are gradually reduced, the contact area between water flow and flake graphite is gradually increased, and the floating force is increased, so that the content of large flake graphite in settled sand can be reduced, and the separation recovery rate of the large flake graphite is improved.
According to the content of large-scale graphite in raw materials and the difference of the sizes of the scales, the length of a separation path from the discharge port 4 to the overflow port 202 of the large-scale graphite is controlled by adjusting the depth of the discharge port 4 inserted into the liquid level, the flow rate of upward water flow in the cylinder is controlled by adjusting the water inlet speed of the water inlet, separation of materials with different properties is realized, and large-scale graphite concentrate products with different grades and recovery rates are obtained. The raw ore of the large-scale graphite with lower grade, smaller scale and lower grade can reduce the distance between the discharge port 4 of the enlarged ore and the overflow port 202, so that the raw ore obtains a larger separation path.
As a preferred embodiment, one-time sorting of high-grade large flake graphite ore is easy to occur and cannot completely sort out the large flake graphite in the ore. The reason is that large scale graphite inclusions in high density ore particles sink with them to the mineral accumulation zone, but their density is relatively low and therefore generally accumulate in the upper layer. Therefore, repeated sorting can be realized by adopting a method of regulating the water flow speed in a program mode between the step (3) and the step (4) so as to improve the sorting efficiency of the large scale graphite. Specifically, the discharge amount of a valve of a tailing outlet 9 is reduced, 40-60% of the total discharge amount of materials in a mineral gathering area enriched at the bottom of a cylinder body along the tailing outlet 9 is discharged, the flow rate of water flow is adjusted to 2-5 m/s again for 2-5 minutes, the materials enriched in the mineral gathering area are washed up, large flake graphite deposited together with coarse particles moves upwards again, the flow rate of water flow is adjusted to 0.5-1.5 m/s again, and the large flake graphite overflows into a collecting tank 2.
As a preferred implementation mode, aiming at ultra-large scale graphite minerals and large scale graphite minerals, the upward pushing acting force of water flow is insufficient, so that the rising speed of the flaky scale graphite is slow, the sorting speed is slow, the sorting efficiency is influenced, and the energy consumption is increased. For this problem, the problem can be solved by adjusting the flow rate of the water flow to be large. The speed of rivers sets up to high-flow rate 2~5m/s when the material gets into the barrel, along with super large scale flake graphite collects the completion back, can export 3 audio-visual judgments through the beneficiated burden, reduces the velocity of flow of rivers to 0.5~1.5m/s again, carries out the collection of big scale graphite, water economy and energy.
As another preferred embodiment, aiming at the problem that the separation speed is slow due to insufficient upward pushing force of water flow, a flotation reagent and gas can be added into the cylinder through an auxiliary device, so that flotation bubbles with a capture effect on the oversized flake graphite are formed in the cylinder to assist the separation of the oversized flake graphite; the super large scale graphite flakes are efficiently sorted under the combined action of ascending water flow and flotation bubbles, so that the super large scale graphite flakes preferentially and rapidly enter a collecting tank along with overflow formed by the ascending water flow.
The embodiment of the invention can be seen in that a water flow separation method is adopted to separate the large scale graphite from the dissociated large scale graphite raw ore, and a combined flotation method can be adopted to further effectively separate the large scale graphite. The water flow separation method of the invention is different from the flotation method in the prior art, the principle of the flotation method is a mineral separation method for separating minerals by utilizing the difference of the physical properties of the minerals, and the separation of the useful minerals and the gangue is achieved by adding the beneficial minerals (the large flake graphite of the invention) which are selectively attached to air bubbles in the ore pulp and float to the surface of the ore pulp along with the air bubbles. Carry out big scale graphite and super large scale graphite through foretell rivers sorting method, sorting efficiency is high, need not many times to grind the ore deposit, need not the stirring and size mixing, only needs directly to input into sorting unit the raw ore after dissociating in, selects separately the operating time short, and the energy consumption is little, and flotation reagent addition is little or even need not to add, can accomplish the sorting of big scale graphite and super large scale graphite, and to the protection degree of flake graphite high, the rate of recovery is more than 80%.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. The protective sorting equipment for the large-scale graphite is characterized by comprising a sorting device, a water inlet device fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the sorting device, a collecting device fixedly arranged at the top end of the sorting device and a feeding device which is arranged in the center of the top of the sorting device and vertically extends downwards into the sorting device;
the sorting device comprises a main body (10), wherein the main body (10) is a hollow cylinder with an open top;
the water inlet device comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed water inlets (8) and a water flow input area (801) communicated with the water inlets (8), and the water flow input area (801) is communicated with the main body (10);
the collecting device comprises a collecting tank (2) with at least an opening at the bottom and a concentrate outlet (3) arranged on the side wall of the collecting tank (2), the opening of the collecting tank (2) is sleeved on the outer wall of the main body (10), and the opening end of the main body (10) is lower than the top wall of the collecting tank (2) to form an overflow port (202);
water flow enters the main body (10) through the water flow input area (801) and flows upwards to form overflow, and flaky large-scale graphite enters the collecting tank (2) through the overflow port (202) along with the overflow and then flows out through the concentrate outlet (3) to realize sorting;
wherein the granularity of the large flake graphite is more than or equal to 0.15 mm;
the mineral raw materials are dissociated and then are directly input into the sorting device in a particle form through the feeding device without being ground into pulp, so that the large scale graphite is sorted;
the sorting device can realize repeated sorting by regulating the speed of water flow through a program, and the ascending speed of the water flow in the cylinder is 0.2-5 m/s.
2. The large flake graphite protective sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water flow input region (801) is a receiving cavity of a double-layer funnel type structure, the receiving cavity comprises an upper layer hopper (7) and a lower layer hopper (5) which are separated and parallel, the upper layer hopper (7) and the lower layer hopper (5) are both in a conical shape or a multi-pyramid shape, and water in the water flow input region (801) enters the main body (10) through the upper layer hopper (7) to form an upward water flow; the upper layer hopper (7) is a grid plate uniformly provided with a plurality of through holes, so that coarse-grained minerals cannot enter the water flow input area (801) through the upper layer hopper (7).
3. The large flake graphite protective sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the feeding device comprises a feeding pipe (1) and a discharging port (4) fixed to a bottom end of the feeding pipe (1), the feeding pipe (1) is provided at a top center of the main body (10) and vertically extends downward into the main body (10); the discharge port (4) comprises a conical bottom plate (401) and a discharge port (402), one end of the discharge port (402) is fixedly connected with the feeding pipe (1), the other end of the discharge port is fixedly connected with the conical surface of the bottom plate (401), and the discharge port (402) is in a grid type or a fence type.
4. The large flake graphite protective sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sorting area (1001) for sorting and a mineral gathering area (1002) at the bottom of the main body (10) are provided in the barrel, and the large flake graphite is formed into an overflow at the sorting area (1001) and flows into the collecting tank (2), and coarse particle minerals are deposited downward at the mineral gathering area (1002).
5. Protective large flake graphite sorting device according to claim 4, wherein the collecting gutter (2) comprises an annular collecting area (201) protruding from the outer wall of the main body (10), the minerals in the sorting area (1001) being able to overflow into the collecting area (201) via the overflow opening (202) with the rising water, so that the main body (10) and the collecting gutter (2) form a flow-through structure.
6. The large flake graphite protective sorting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the bottom of the collecting region (201) is a slope which is annularly provided to the outer wall of the main body (10) and inclined to one side, the concentrate outlet (3) is provided to the outer wall of the lowest point of the slope, and the large flake graphite entering the collecting region (201) flows along the slope with the water flow to the concentrate outlet (3) to be discharged.
7. Protective sorting device for large flakes according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it further comprises auxiliary means comprising at least one gas-drug inlet duct (6), said gas-drug inlet duct (6) extending through the wall of the main body (10).
8. A method for protective sorting of large flakes of graphite using a sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) water injection: injecting water into the water flow input area and the main body through the water inlet to form upward water flow, adjusting the upward speed of the water flow until the cylinder is completely filled with water, and enabling the water to overflow from the opening at the top end of the cylinder, enter the collecting tank and flow out through the concentrate outlet;
(2) feeding: conveying the dissociated material of the large-scale graphite raw ore into a feeding pipe, and dispersing the material into a separation area in a main body through a discharge hole;
(3) sorting: the materials entering the cylinder form two parts moving upwards and downwards in the cylinder, the gravity of the flaky large flake graphite is smaller than the upward pushing action of the water flow, and the flaky large flake graphite overflows into the collecting tank and is discharged through the concentrate outlet under the action of the upward displaced water flow; the gravity of the granular gangue minerals is greater than the upward thrust of water flow, and the gangue minerals continue to settle downwards to a mineral gathering area at the bottom of the cylinder body to form settled sand;
(4) sand discharging: the settled sand formed in the mineral gathering area is discharged through a tailing outlet;
wherein, the material in the step (2) is in a particle form, and grinding is not needed;
the step (3) and the step (4) are also included to adjust the water flow speed by a program to carry out repeated sorting, wherein the repeated sorting is to discharge the materials enriched in the mineral accumulation area along the outlet part of the tailings, adjust the flow speed of the water flow to 2-5 m/s, flush the upward materials enriched in the mineral accumulation area, enable the flaky large-scale graphite to move upward again, adjust the flow speed of the water flow to 0.5-1.5 m/s again, and overflow the large-scale graphite to the collecting tank along with the upward water flow;
and (3) opening a gas-medicine input pipeline, introducing air and a flotation agent into the sorting operation area to generate flotation bubbles, capturing large flake graphite and/or oversized flake graphite, and assisting in finishing sorting of the large flake graphite and/or the oversized flake graphite, wherein the granularity of the oversized flake graphite is larger than or equal to 0.5 mm.
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| CN103657839B (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-12-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluid bed separator and method for separating thereof |
| CN110813519A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-21 | 郑州大学 | Method for protecting crystalline graphite flakes by improving mineral separation process of graphite ore |
| CN110882850B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-11-29 | 郑州大学 | Mineral separation system and mineral separation method for protecting graphite flakes |
| CN212681718U (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-03-12 | 鸡西长源矿业有限公司 | Airflow ore dressing device for protecting large flake graphite |
| CN112718232B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-05-03 | 郑州大学 | Method for protecting crystalline graphite flakes through graded grinding and floating |
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