CN1143694C - 用量设定机构和具有这种用量设定机构的注射器 - Google Patents

用量设定机构和具有这种用量设定机构的注射器 Download PDF

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CN1143694C
CN1143694C CNB988059312A CN98805931A CN1143694C CN 1143694 C CN1143694 C CN 1143694C CN B988059312 A CNB988059312 A CN B988059312A CN 98805931 A CN98805931 A CN 98805931A CN 1143694 C CN1143694 C CN 1143694C
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斯蒂芬·汉森
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    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31565Administration mechanisms, i.e. constructional features, modes of administering a dose
    • A61M5/31566Means improving security or handling thereof
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Abstract

提供了一种用于药物供给设备的用量设定机构和具有这种用量设定机构的注射器。注射器包括一个存放了针剂瓶(3)的外壳,针剂瓶所含药物足够作多次用量的注射,一个注射按钮(7),一个在注射时与针剂瓶(3)中活塞协调一致的活塞杆(13),以及一个用量设定机构,用量设定机构包括了与按钮(7)相互连接的可转动的用量设定件(5)。用量设定机构还包括一个与上述活塞杆(13)连接的用量供给轮(11),以及一个与用量设定件(5)和按钮(7)连接的连接环(12),用量供给轮(11)和连接环(12)之一至少部分地环绕着另一个,用量供给轮(11)和连接环(12)被设置成这样:用量设定件(5)的转动可使连接环(12)沿着任一个方向相对于用量供给轮(11)作转动,当启动按钮(7)从而也启动连接环(12)的转动时,可使得用量供给轮(11)转动。

Description

用量设定机构和具有这种用量设定机构的注射器
本发明涉及了一种用于药物供给设备的用量设定机构,药物供给设备具有一个外壳和一个可与活塞杆连接的按钮,以便从容器中供给已设定的用量,上述用量设定机构包括一个与按钮相互连接的可转动用量设定件。
具有用量设定机构的药物供给设备已知有许多不同的类型,例如注射器、吸入器、喷雾器,等等。这些药物供给设备的目的是使得使用者能够设定所供给药物的单独用量。
在目前技术中最熟知的是注射器,它为病人,主要是为糖尿病患者所采用,他们不得不对自己注射单独设定的如胰岛素的药物用量。这种注射器的形状往往作成象一支笔,以便患者整天带着并随时准备使用。
在这种笔形注射器中设定了用量时,转动盖住注射器针头区的帽子,使得在注射器相对一端的按钮朝外运动。在按钮与注射器内部连接的轴上,按钮往往具有一个刻度,在该刻度上可读出已设定的用量。在设定了用量之后,使用者从针头区除去帽子,把针头***要注射的部位,按压按钮来注射药物。当按钮达到其底部,所设定的用量已被注射。
这种笔形注射器的一个缺点是:由于受到轴周边的限制,按钮轴上的刻度具有相当小的分隔线和数字。如果使用者在视觉上有损伤,这对于糖尿病患者来说往往是如此,则这会造成错误的用量设定,对使用者有严重的后果。
在DE Al 4 208 677中公开了试图克服这种缺点的方法,它表示了一种注射器,具有大数字的用量设定刻度。用量设定设备是一个其中可放置注射器的箱形容器。在设定用量时,把一个挡块移到注射器的活塞杆上,直到从刻度上读出的正确用量已被设定为止。然后使用者从用量设定设备中取出注射器,象常规注射器那样对自身作注射,而在活塞杆上的挡块确定了被注射的用量。
所有具有用量设定设备的已知注射器均存在缺点:在设定用量之后但在可作注射之前,不得不从注射器上除去用量设定设备,或者至少除去其一部分。有些注射器,如在DE Al 4 208 677中说明的一个情形,甚至存在这样的缺点:在用量设定设备除去后不能检查所设定的用量,因为注射器本身没有刻度装置。
本发明的目的是提供一种用量设定机构,它装在如注射器的药物供给设备内,不需从注射器上除去,并且提供了设定用量和退回已设定用量的可能性。另外,在用量设定件的运动和按钮的运动之间总是完全一致,以保证所设定用量和所供给用量的使用。
采用本技术说明的下文中提及的用量设定机构类型可达到这个目的,其特征在于:用量设定机构还包括一个与上述活塞杆连接的用量供给轮,以及一个与用量设定件和按钮连接的连接环,上述用量供给轮和上述连接环之一至少部分地环绕着另一个,上述用量供给轮和连接环被设置成这样:用量设定件的转动可使连接环沿着任一个方向相对于用量供给轮作转动,当启动按钮从而也启动连接环的转动时,可使得用量供给轮转动。
按这样方式设置的用量设定机构提供了一种可完全装在如注射器的药物供给设备内的用量设定机构,并且具有设定用量和退回已设定用量的可能性。由于用量设定件与连接环连接,连接环再与按钮连接,因此可达到用量设定件运动和按钮运动之间的完全一致。
为了达到用量供给轮和连接环之间的协调一致,最好把这些零件按权利要求2所述来设置。权利要求3进一步说明了按照一个优选实施例的设置。结合所有这些特征,得到了仅需四个零件来构成用量设定机构的特别简单的构造,即用量设定件、用量供给轮、连接环和按钮。
本发明还涉及了一种注射器,它包括一个存放了针剂瓶(针剂瓶所含药物足够作多次用量的注射)的外壳,一个注射按钮,一个在注射时与针剂瓶中活塞协调一致的活塞杆,以及一个用量设定机构,用量设定机构包括了与按钮相互连接的可转动的用量设定件。注射器的其它特征在于:用量设定机构包括了在权利要求1中提到的特性。
按这样方式来设置注射器,所得到的注射器具有固有的用量设定机构,有可能设定用量和退回已设定的用量。由于用量设定件与连接环连接,而连接环再与按钮连接,因此可达到用量设定件运动和按钮运动之间的完全一致。
用量设定机构中不同零件之间的连接最好如权利要求5和6所述,可给出以上提到的优点。
在一个优选实施例中,外壳具有一个装置,可防止用量供给轮沿着与从针剂瓶中退出活塞相应的方向上转动。在注射器中采用用量设定机构时,这可保证活塞杆决不会从针剂瓶中的活塞上退出,而总是与活塞稳定接触。如果活塞杆可从活塞上退出,则由于活塞杆和活塞之间的间隙,所注射的用量将与所设定的用量不一致。
最好通过设在用量供给轮中心的齿轮使用量供给轮与活塞杆连接。
最好是,在注射器上设有刻度和指针,在用量设定件转动时指示出所设定的用量。
以下参照附图来更充分地描述用量设定机构的其它优点和工作模式,其中
图1表示了一个注射器实施例的顶部透视图,它具有一个按照本发明的用量设定机构,
图2表示了一个注射器实施例的分离视图,它具有一个按照本发明的用量设定机构,
图3表示了在设定用量时的用量设定机构,
图4表示了在退回已设定用量时的用量设定机构,
图5表示了在供给已设定用量时的用量设定机构。
图1表示了一个注射器1,它具有一个按照本发明的用量设定机构。注射器具有一个第一外壳部分2,它包含一个装有如胰岛素的药物的针剂瓶3,通过在第一外壳部分2中的一个窗口可看到针剂瓶3,注射器还具有一个第二外壳部分4,它环绕着用量设定机构。
第一外壳部分2一般为笔形,如同在市场出售的注射器那样。注射器还包括一个用量设定机构,其中,可看到一个具有提手6的可转动盘形用量设定件5和一个注射用的按钮7。另外,表示了一个从注射器1下端伸出的针头8。
所示注射器1实施例的尺寸,尤其是用量设定件5的尺寸应作成这样:当用一只手握住注射器1和用另一只手转动用量设定件5来设定药物用量时,以及当用一只手握住注射器1和用同一只手的大拇指按压按钮7来注射所设定的用量时,它均可适合使用者的手。
刻度9设在用量设定件5上,指针10设在第二外壳部分4上。
图2以分离视图形式表示了注射器1,再次表示了第一和第二外壳部分2和4、针剂瓶3、用量设定件5、按钮7和针头8。注射器1还包括一个用量供给轮11、一个连接环12、一个活塞杆13和一个针头连接件14。
用量设定机构包括用量设定件5、用量供给轮11、连接环12和按钮7。这些零件将在以下作更详细的描述,因为这些零件构成了本发明的一个优选实施例。
用量设定件5为盘形,在其上侧有一个提手6,以及在其周边有一个向下突出的榫头15,上述榫头15与连接环12边缘上的缺口16相互连接。通过设在连接环12中心区的齿轮17和按钮7的带齿部分18,连接环12再与按钮7配合。
由于用量设定件5与连接环12连接,而连接环12再与按钮7连接,因此可达到用量设定件5运动和按钮7运动之间的完全一致。这意味着每当转动用量设定件5来设定或退回用量时,按钮7将移出或移入注射器1的外壳。相似地,当按压按钮来注射已设定的用量时,用量设定件5转回到其初始的位置。这意味着在注射时,使用者可目视观察到所设定用量的注射。
连接环12是一个环段,其每一端与中心区连接。在一端通过刚性件19与中心区作刚性连接,而在另一端通过柔性件20与中心区作柔性连接。引入柔性件20有助于连接环的安装,但它可以被取消而不会改变用量设定机构的工作特性。
现参照图3-5来充分说明连接环12和用量供给轮11之间的相互作用。
图3是在设定用量时的用量设定机构的顶视图,表示了第一和第二外壳部分2和4、用量供给轮11、连接环12、活塞杆13的上部、按钮7以及其带齿部分18。为了表示用量设定机构的内部,用量设定件5被去掉,但在使用中,其向下突出的榫头15永远与连接环12边缘上的缺口16相配合。
连接环12作成这样方式:它部分地包围着用量供给轮11,并且可以看到,用量供给轮11在其外缘上设有倒刺21,以及连接环12的一部分上设有相似的倒刺22。
当用量被设定时,按箭头S方向顺时针转动用量设定件5。这使得连接环12作顺时针转动,连接环12的倒刺22在用量供给轮11的倒刺21上滑过。第二外壳部分4上设有向内突出的爪23,它与设在用量供给轮11上的倒刺21协调一致,防止了用量供给轮11作顺时针转动,这个转动会引起活塞杆13从针剂瓶6中退出。
由于在连接环12上的齿轮17(图2)和按钮7带齿部分18的配合,转动连接环12可使按钮7按箭头U方向向上运动。
如果要退回已设定的用量,则按照图4中箭头R的方向反时针转动用量设定件5。由于连接环12的柔性件20(图2),连接环12向外膨胀,如图所示,容许倒刺22在用量供给轮11的倒刺21上滑过。因此连接环12的这个反时针转动对用量供给轮11没有影响。
用量设定件5的反时针转动使得按钮7按照箭头D方向向下运动。为了保证在退回已设定用量时连接环12向外膨胀,可提供抵制按钮7运动的某种类型的阻力。
在所设定用量被注射时,按照图5中箭头P的方向向下按压按钮7。
由于按钮7的带齿部分18与连接环12的齿轮17(图2)的配合,这使得连接环12按箭头I所示方向作反时针转动。由于通过刚性件19把从按钮7上来的转动力传到连接环12的环段,环段不再膨胀,象反时针转动用量设定件5来退回已设定用量时的情形那样,而是紧绕着用量供给轮11,使得连接环12的倒刺22与用量供给轮11的倒刺21相配合。
为了保证在注射所设定的用量时连接环紧绕着用量供给轮11,可在其环段的柔性连接端上提供抵制连接环12运动的某种类型的阻力。
在连接环12的倒刺22和用量供给轮11的倒刺21之间的配合使得用量供给轮11按反时针方向转动,由于设在用量供给轮11中心区的齿轮24(图2)和活塞杆13的带齿部分25之间的相互作用,用量供给轮11再使活塞杆13在针剂瓶3中向前运动。
当注射已完成时,按钮7和用量设定件5回到其初始位置,准备另一次用量的设定。
如果由需要定期注射胰岛素的糖尿病患者来使用注射器1,倒刺21最好为与1IU(国际单位)相应的尺寸。由此,在设定用量时每听到咔嗒一声就相应于1个IU,除了在刻度9上的视觉指示外,还给使用者一个所设定用量的听觉指示。这还意味着可以把用量非常精确地设定到国际单位的整数倍。
在所示实施例中,连接环12环绕着用量供给轮11。在一个供替代的实施例中,用量供给轮环绕着连接环,在用量供给轮的内周边上设有倒刺,以及在连接环的外周边上设有倒刺。因此,如果要退回所设定用量,必须把连接环设置成不是膨胀而是收缩,使得用量供给轮和连接环的倒刺相互滑过。
注射器的设计不一定要如图所示的笔形,而可以是一种紧凑的形式,具有环绕用量供给轮齿轮的柔性活塞杆。这提供了一种为非常轻便装置的注射器,具有适合一个成年人手的尺寸。
在这类注射器的一个特殊实施例中,用量供给轮齿轮和柔性活塞杆之间可设置一个额外的齿轮,以保证用量设定件角位置的较大改变仅引起被注射药量的很小改变。因此,可以非常精确地实现用量的设定。
最好是,注射器1整个由塑料制成,以便在使用后可在环境上正确处理,但也可用其它材料制成,如金属或任何材料的组合。
注射器可以是一次性使用类型,或者可以是重复使用类型,其中针剂瓶在用空时可以置换。但是,重复使用类型需要一个专门的设置来把活塞杆从其最前端位置上退出。
虽然相对于一个注射器描述了用量设定机构,但用量设定机构可用于其它药物供给设备,其中可设定需要供给药物的单独用量。

Claims (6)

1.一种注射器(1),它包括一个存放了针剂瓶(3)的外壳,针剂瓶所含药物足够作多次用量的注射,一个注射按钮(7),一个在注射时与针剂瓶(3)中活塞协调一致的活塞杆(13),以及一个用量设定机构,用量设定机构包括了与按钮(7)相互连接的可转动的用量设定件(5)。其特征在于:用量设定机构还包括一个与上述活塞杆(13)连接的用量供给轮(11),以及一个与用量设定件(5)和按钮(7)连接的连接环(12),上述用量供给轮(11)和上述连接环(12)之一至少部分地环绕着另一个,上述用量供给轮(11)和上述连接环(12)被设置成这样:用量设定件(5)的转动可使连接环(12)沿着任一个方向相对于用量供给轮(11)作转动,当启动按钮(7)从而也启动连接环(12)的转动时,可使得用量供给轮(11)转动,和
-上述连接环(12)和上述按钮(7)连接成这样:用量设定件的转动,从而连接环(12)可使上述按钮(7)向上或向下运动;
-其中按钮的向下运动使连接环(12)转动,连接环(12)和用量供给轮(11)被设置成这样:该转动使连接环(12)与用量供给轮(11)配合,从而使上述用量供给轮转动,以及
-其中上述用量供给轮(11)与上述活塞杆(13)连接成这样:用量供给轮(11)的转动可使活塞杆(13)向下运动。
2.按照权利要求1的一种注射器,其特征在于:用量供给轮(11)的外周边上设有倒刺(21),连接环(12)是一个部分地环绕着用量供给轮(11)的环段,并且在一端与中心区刚性地连接和在另一端与上述中心区柔性地连接,至少在上述环段内侧的一部分上设有倒刺(22),以及在与中心区柔性连接的环段端上,用量设定件(5)和连接环(12)相连接。
3.按照权利要求2的一种注射器,其特征在于:通过设在连接环(12)中心的齿轮(17)和按钮(7)的带齿部分(18),把连接环(12)与按钮(7)相连接。
4.按照权利要求1-3任何一个的一种注射器,其特征在于:用量供给轮(11)和外壳具有协调一致的装置,用于防止用量供给轮(11)沿着与活塞杆(13)从针剂瓶(3)中退出相应的方向作转动。
5.按照权利要求1-3任何一个的一种注射器,其特征在于:通过设在用量供给轮(11)中心的齿轮(24),把用量供给轮(11)与活塞杆(13)连接。
6.按照权利要求1-3任何一个的一种注射器,其特征在于:用量设定件(5)上设有一个刻度(9),外壳上设有一个指在上述刻度(9)上的指针(10),当用量设定件(5)转动时,上述指针(10)指示出所设定的用量。
CNB988059312A 1997-06-09 1998-06-08 用量设定机构和具有这种用量设定机构的注射器 Expired - Fee Related CN1143694C (zh)

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RU2218188C2 (ru) 2003-12-10
PT988073E (pt) 2004-11-30
PL190056B1 (pl) 2005-10-31
AU743662B2 (en) 2002-01-31
PL337218A1 (en) 2000-08-14
EP0988073A1 (en) 2000-03-29
WO1998056436A1 (en) 1998-12-17
NO996024D0 (no) 1999-12-08

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