CN114368871A - Rural ecological wetland environment protection construction method - Google Patents
Rural ecological wetland environment protection construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114368871A CN114368871A CN202111479131.9A CN202111479131A CN114368871A CN 114368871 A CN114368871 A CN 114368871A CN 202111479131 A CN202111479131 A CN 202111479131A CN 114368871 A CN114368871 A CN 114368871A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rural ecological wetland environment protection construction method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, ecological survey and overall contour design; step 2, designing the interior of the artificial lake; 3. detecting the pollution condition around the ecology; step 4, designing wetlands around the lake; step 5, dividing the plant area; step 6, improving soil of a planting area; step 7, planting wetland plants; step 8, introducing water into the lake; 9, selecting and configuring plants; step 10, planting construction; step 11, putting aquatic animals; the wetland is provided with a flow blocking area, a gravel settling area, a filtering area and a degrading area from bottom to top in sequence, so that the detention time of sewage in the artificial wetland is obviously prolonged, the physical settling effect is obvious, the removal rate of nutritive salt in the water body is relatively high, particularly, silt in the water body is fully physically settled, the biomass, the microbial activity and the enzyme activity of plants in the artificial wetland are increased, and the purification capacity of the whole system is continuously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental management, in particular to a rural ecological wetland environmental protection construction method.
Background
The Guangdong, Hongkong and Australia gulf areas have rich wetland water resources, and the wetland such as lakes, rivers and the like can effectively relieve the urban heat island effect, protect water resources and biodiversity, provide good human living environment and rest space, and have important significance for the development of the economic society. Along with the development of urban processes and the unreasonable utilization of resources such as water bodies, land and the like, environmental problems are increasingly prominent, and meanwhile, pollutants caused by litter, rainwater runoff and air dust fall of plants flow into natural water bodies such as lakes, rivers and the like, so that an aqueous ecosystem is damaged to a great extent. Relevant data information shows that more than 90 percent of indexes of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and the like of the wetland water body of the urban park exceed the indexes of IV-class water of surface water environment quality standard (GB3838-2002) and the eutrophication phenomenon is gradually intensified. Therefore, the research on reasonable water quality ecological purification and landscape construction technology can improve the phenomena of dirty, messy, poor black and odorous water bodies of the existing wetland, and the recovery of good wetland water body ecological landscape is one of the important ways of improving the living standard of people, improving the ecological environment and protecting urban and rural water resources.
The current water pollution treatment who commonly uses is not perfect enough to the design of wetland, leads to the detention time of sewage in constructed wetland short, and the physical settlement effect is not obvious, and the plant species of planting on the while wet ground can't satisfy the requirement, can't play the effect of sediment and filtration to the nutritive salt in the soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rural ecological wetland environment protection construction method to solve the problems in the background technology.
A rural ecological wetland environment protection construction method comprises the following steps:
step 4, wetland design around the lake: the wetland is sequentially provided with a flow blocking area, a gravel settling area, a filtering area and a degrading area from bottom to top, and the flow blocking plate is arranged in the flow blocking area to slow down the water flow speed; the gravel settling zone is filled with stones, water flows through gaps among the gravels to enable large-particle impurities in the water to settle, and the impurities in the water are further filtered; the filtering area is internally provided with a grid fence so that impurities in water are further filtered, the adsorption layer removes the impurities remained in the water, and micro substances in the water are adsorbed to further improve the quality of sewage treatment; two filler strips and a filter membrane are arranged in the degradation area, so that harmful substances in water can be rapidly degraded and converted;
step 5, dividing the plant area: dividing emergent aquatic plants, floating plants, submerged plants and wetland woody plant growing areas according to a design drawing;
step 6, soil improvement of the planting area: soil quality improvement is carried out on the planting area, sundries such as construction waste, bark grass roots and the like in the soil are removed, organic clay is used as bottom soil, and medium sand with the diameter of 0.5-1cm is spread on the surface of the bottom soil, so that water turbidity is effectively prevented;
step 7, planting wetland plants: dividing the artificial wetland into 3 blocks, wherein calamus, reed and willow which have strong pollution resistance and developed root system are respectively taken as main plants, and the calamus area and the reed area absorb nutrient salt through vegetation such as calamus, reed and the like to play roles in filtering, precipitating and the like; the willow area is mainly planted with the willow slices to form an ecological protection zone, wave slag is isolated, and the functions of transformation, plant shielding and the like are achieved;
step 8, diversion into a lake: connecting natural water, and introducing water into the lake or adding tap water into the lake;
step 9, plant selection and configuration: the method mainly comprises the following steps that selected aquatic plants are mainly selected, plant layout is carried out according to a plant configuration drawing designed in advance before planting, so that the spatial relationship among different plants is determined, and the specific problem can be adjusted according to a construction site;
step 10, planting construction: in planting construction, woody plants are planted by adopting bare roots, aquatic herbaceous plants have large size difference among different species, and planting row spacing can be finely adjusted according to site construction conditions;
step 11, putting aquatic animals: by utilizing the principle of biological control and putting in proper filter feeding aquatic animals, the outbreak of the water bloom and the blue algae can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, mosquitoes in the water can be swallowed and the aquatic decay matrix can be absorbed, and the self-purification effect of the water body is achieved.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step 1, a water outlet is needed to be arranged when the artificial lake is excavated, impurities at the bottom of the lake are removed, a geotechnical anti-seepage film is laid, and anti-seepage at the bottom of the lake is well performed.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step 9, the woody plant needs corresponding support when being planted. As a further scheme of the invention: in step 9, the planting depth of the aquatic herbaceous plants is preferably that the roots of the plants are covered by soil, and the water level is not too high during planting, so that the floating phenomenon of the plants is prevented.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step 9, the planting depth of the aquatic herbaceous plants is preferably that the roots of the plants are covered by soil, and the water level is not too high during planting, so that the floating phenomenon of the plants is prevented.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
according to the scheme provided by the invention, through reasonable plant selection and low-maintenance plant configuration, the survival rate of the plants in the waterscape is greatly improved, and the cost for replacing the plants due to poor growth is reduced;
the water self-purification unit is respectively provided with a denitrification function strengthening area, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, an environment suitable for growth of fishes and the like is constructed, the process of constructing a natural water ecosystem is effectively simulated, a complete ecological chain is further constructed, the water self-purification unit is very favorable for the water self-purification unit, the ecological system balance of the water self-purification unit can be promoted, and the standard reaching rate of discharged inlet water is improved;
the wetland is sequentially provided with a flow resistance area, a gravel settling area, a filtering area and a degradation area from bottom to top, so that the detention time of sewage in the artificial wetland is obviously prolonged, the physical settling effect is obvious, meanwhile, the artificial wetland is divided into 3 blocks, calamus, reed and willow which have strong pollution resistance and developed root systems are respectively taken as main plants, and the calamus area and the reed area absorb nutrient salts through vegetations such as calamus, reed and the like to play roles of filtering, precipitating and the like; the willow area is mainly planted with the willows to form an ecological protection zone, wave and slag are isolated, the functions of transformation, plant shielding and the like are achieved, the ecological removal effect of wetland plants is good, the removal rate of nutrient salts in water is relatively high, particularly, silt in the water is fully physically settled, the effluent of the wetland is clear, the biomass, microbial activity and enzyme activity of the plants in the artificial wetland are increased along with the increase of the operation time, and the purification capacity of the whole system is continuously improved;
reasonable design can improve the TP and NH of the constructed wetland4+-N，BOD5The removal rate of (3). The compound artificial wetland can treat TP and NH under the conditions of lower water inlet pollution load and shorter running time4+-N，BOD5The removal rate of the water reaches 33.5 percent, 34.2 percent and 24.9 percent at the initial stage, and the treatment of the mild eutrophic water body is effectively realized;
the construction and bidding comprehensive unit price of 200- & gt 600 yuan/m in the current wetland waterscape greening engineering2The cost can be controlled to be 200 yuan/m after the market of the research technology2The established plant configuration mode can be widely applied to wetland construction, river channel greening, stilling pool lakes and urban landscape water bodies in south China. The technology has obvious effects of saving energy and reducing consumption, produces bare-root full-crown aquatic seedlings by water ploughing, does not need seedling bags and soil loading for working, improves the production efficiency and reduces the production cost.
By applying an integrated full-flow technical system integrating lake body excavation, plant selection and configuration, planting construction and aquatic animal feeding, the water landscape with low maintenance and lasting landscape is established, the water surface and the plants do not need to be managed and maintained frequently, the later management cost is effectively saved by 60 percent compared with the traditional water landscape construction technology, and the problems of high maintenance and use cost of the artificial water landscape are effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the wetland in the invention;
fig. 2 is a distribution diagram of wetland plants in the present invention.
In the figure: 1-flow-resistant zone, 2-gravel settling zone, 3-filtering zone and 4-degradation zone.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the invention provides a rural ecological wetland environment protection construction method, which comprises the following steps:
step 4, wetland design around the lake: the wetland is sequentially provided with a flow blocking area, a gravel settling area, a filtering area and a degrading area from bottom to top, and the flow blocking plate is arranged in the flow blocking area to slow down the water flow speed; the gravel settling zone is filled with stones, water flows through gaps among the gravels to enable large-particle impurities in the water to settle, and the impurities in the water are further filtered; the filtering area is internally provided with a grid fence so that impurities in water are further filtered, the adsorption layer removes the impurities remained in the water, and micro substances in the water are adsorbed to further improve the quality of sewage treatment; two filler strips and a filter membrane are arranged in the degradation area, so that harmful substances in water can be rapidly degraded and converted;
step 5, dividing the plant area: dividing emergent aquatic plants, floating plants, submerged plants and wetland woody plant growing areas according to a design drawing;
step 6, soil improvement of the planting area: soil quality improvement is carried out on the planting area, impurities such as construction waste, bark grass roots and the like in the soil are removed, organic clay such as lake mud is used as bottom soil, and medium sand with the diameter of 0.5-1cm is spread on the surface of the bottom soil, so that water turbidity is effectively prevented;
step 7, planting wetland plants: dividing the artificial wetland into 3 blocks, wherein calamus, reed and willow which have strong pollution resistance and developed root system are respectively taken as main plants, and the calamus area and the reed area absorb nutrient salt through vegetation such as calamus, reed and the like to play roles in filtering, precipitating and the like; the willow area is mainly planted with the willow slices to form an ecological protection zone, wave slag is isolated, and the functions of transformation, plant shielding and the like are achieved;
step 8, diversion into a lake: connecting natural water, and introducing water into the lake or adding tap water into the lake;
step 9, plant selection and configuration: the plants mainly adopt selected aquatic plants (see the woody plant species list in the appendix), and the plant layout is carried out according to a plant configuration drawing designed in advance before planting so as to determine the spatial relationship among different plants, and the specific problem can be adjusted according to the construction site;
step 10, planting construction: in the planting construction, the woody plant is planted by adopting bare roots, and the woody plant has a developed root system, has high rooting speed and can be better rooted in soil, so that the woody plant only needs to be properly supported in water; the aquatic herbaceous plants have large size difference among different species, the planting row spacing can be finely adjusted according to the field construction condition, the planting depth is suitable for covering the roots of the plants with soil, the water level is not too high during planting, the floating phenomenon of the plants is prevented, and the rapid penetration of the roots into the soil is facilitated;
step 11, putting aquatic animals: by utilizing the principle of biological control and putting in proper filter feeding aquatic animals, the outbreak of the water bloom and the blue algae can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, mosquitoes in the water can be swallowed and the aquatic decay matrix can be absorbed, and the self-purification effect of the water body is achieved.
Further: in order to reduce maintenance work such as later-stage mowing, a plant configuration mode of a low-maintenance lasting landscape which mainly comprises water-wet woody plants with high ecological benefits and assisted by herbaceous plants is established, and configuration modes of large-leaf glochidion lanceolaris, ramuscule phyllanthus urinaria, southern American lawn pennywort herb, water fern, spider orchid and ciliate desert grass are preferably selected.
Experimental example:
the artificial ecological wetland is constructed in the green and brocade village of the Hefei city, and the jurisdiction area of the village is about 15km2Belongs to plain zone, average rainfall per year is 1502mm, maximum rainfall is 2203mm, and minimum rainfall is 1012 mm. The discharge amount of domestic sewage of 504 residents in a standing life is 86m3D, the rain collecting area of the sewage drainage channel is 0.7km2The average flow rate of the ditch is 1.lm3S, maximum flow of 2m3/The minimum flow rate of/S is 0.3m3/and/S. No sewage treatment facility exists in the village, and domestic sewage and rainwater of residents are directly discharged and warehoused without any wastewater treatment.
Two persons are built in villages according to the method and traditional scheme provided by said invention1km for an industrial and ecological wetland2The one-year maintenance cost of the waterscape is taken as an example, and the cost is compared as follows:
according to the scheme provided by the invention, through reasonable plant selection and low-maintenance plant configuration, the survival rate of the plants in the waterscape is greatly improved, and the cost for replacing the plants due to poor growth is reduced; by applying an integrated full-flow technical system integrating lake body excavation, plant selection and configuration, planting construction and aquatic animal feeding, the water landscape with low maintenance and lasting landscape is established, the water surface and the plants do not need to be managed and maintained frequently, the later management cost is effectively saved by 60 percent compared with the traditional water landscape construction technology, and the problems of high maintenance and use cost of the artificial water landscape are effectively solved.
The water self-purification unit is respectively provided with a denitrification function strengthening area, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, an environment suitable for growth of fishes and the like is constructed, the process of constructing a natural water ecosystem is effectively simulated, a complete ecological chain is further constructed, the water self-purification unit is very favorable for the water self-purification unit, the ecological system balance of the water self-purification unit can be promoted, and the standard reaching rate of discharged inlet water is improved;
the wetland is sequentially provided with a flow resistance area, a gravel settling area, a filtering area and a degradation area from bottom to top, so that the detention time of sewage in the artificial wetland is obviously prolonged, the physical settling effect is obvious, meanwhile, the artificial wetland is divided into 3 blocks, calamus, reed and willow which have strong pollution resistance and developed root systems are respectively taken as main plants, and the calamus area and the reed area absorb nutrient salts through vegetations such as calamus, reed and the like to play roles of filtering, precipitating and the like;
willow district mainly forms ecological guard band through planting the willow branch, keep apart unrestrained sediment, play the conversion, effect such as plant shielding, wetland plant's ecological removal effect is better, nutritive salt clearance in the water is higher relatively, especially, silt in the water obtains abundant physics settlement, make wetland outlet water clear, along with operating duration increases, plant's biomass, microbial activity and enzymatic activity will increase in the constructed wetland, entire system purification capacity will constantly improve, each main nutritive salt in the water all has better removal, the effect is obvious, concrete effect is as follows:
reasonable design can improve the TP and NH of the constructed wetland4+-N，BOD5The removal rate of (3). The compound artificial wetland can treat TP and NH under the conditions of lower water inlet pollution load and shorter running time4+-N，BOD5The removal rate of the water reaches 33.5 percent, 34.2 percent and 24.9 percent at the initial stage, and the treatment of the mild eutrophic water body is effectively realized.
Appendix:
finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A rural ecological wetland environment protection construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, ecological survey and overall contour design: detecting the topography of the ecological wetland by using a topography surveying instrument; and designing a corresponding drawing according to the actual terrain, and drawing the lake body outline on a project site by using lime powder according to the design drawing.
Step 2, designing the interior of the artificial lake: excavating an artificial lake by using an excavating machine, wherein the effective water depth range is 4.5-5m, the vertical error is not more than 0.5m, three plant belt soft enclosing walls are arranged in the lake to further convert the lake into three galleries, the width of each gallery is strictly controlled to be about 15m, a certain amount of elastic filler is filled in each gallery to ensure that the filling density is maintained at 15 percent, so that the aim of optimizing a flow field is fulfilled, and meanwhile, the hydraulic retention time in the lake is controlled to be 8-10h to play the denitrification role of the lake to finish the removal work of a certain amount of nitrogen;
step 3, detecting the ecological surrounding pollution condition: samples collected from discontinuous random soil are subjected to chemical component analysis to obtain the content of each element in the soil of the area, and the pollution condition is evaluated;
step 4, wetland design around the lake: the wetland is sequentially provided with a flow blocking area, a gravel settling area, a filtering area and a degrading area from bottom to top, and the flow blocking plate is arranged in the flow blocking area to slow down the water flow speed; the gravel settling zone is filled with stones, water flows through gaps among the gravels to enable large-particle impurities in the water to settle, and the impurities in the water are further filtered; the filtering area is internally provided with a grid fence so that impurities in water are further filtered, the adsorption layer removes the impurities remained in the water, and micro substances in the water are adsorbed to further improve the quality of sewage treatment; two filler strips and a filter membrane are arranged in the degradation area, so that harmful substances in water can be rapidly degraded and converted;
step 5, dividing the plant area: dividing emergent aquatic plants, floating plants, submerged plants and wetland woody plant growing areas according to a design drawing;
step 6, soil improvement of the planting area: soil quality improvement is carried out on the planting area, sundries such as construction waste, bark grass roots and the like in the soil are removed, organic clay is used as bottom soil, and medium sand with the diameter of 0.5-1cm is spread on the surface of the bottom soil, so that water turbidity is effectively prevented;
step 7, planting wetland plants: dividing the artificial wetland into 3 blocks, wherein calamus, reed and willow which have strong pollution resistance and developed root system are respectively taken as main plants, and the calamus area and the reed area absorb nutrient salt through vegetation such as calamus, reed and the like to play roles in filtering, precipitating and the like; the willow area is mainly planted with the willow slices to form an ecological protection zone, wave slag is isolated, and the functions of transformation, plant shielding and the like are achieved;
step 8, diversion into a lake: connecting natural water, and introducing water into the lake or adding tap water into the lake;
step 9, plant selection and configuration: the method mainly comprises the following steps that selected aquatic plants are mainly selected, plant layout is carried out according to a plant configuration drawing designed in advance before planting, so that the spatial relationship among different plants is determined, and the specific problem can be adjusted according to a construction site;
step 10, planting construction: in planting construction, woody plants are planted by adopting bare roots, aquatic herbaceous plants have large size difference among different species, and planting row spacing can be finely adjusted according to site construction conditions;
step 11, putting aquatic animals: by utilizing the principle of biological control and putting in proper filter feeding aquatic animals, the outbreak of the water bloom and the blue algae can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, mosquitoes in the water can be swallowed and the aquatic decay matrix can be absorbed, and the self-purification effect of the water body is achieved.
2. The rural ecological wetland environmental protection construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, a water outlet is needed to be arranged when the artificial lake is excavated, impurities at the bottom of the lake are removed, a geotechnical anti-seepage film is laid, and anti-seepage at the bottom of the lake is well performed.
3. The rural ecological wetland environmental protection construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 9, the woody plant needs corresponding support when being planted.
4. The rural ecological wetland environmental protection construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 9, the planting depth of the aquatic herbaceous plants is preferably that the roots of the plants are covered by soil, and the water level is not too high during planting, so that the floating phenomenon of the plants is prevented.
5. The rural ecological wetland environmental protection construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 9, the woody plant is preferably in a configuration pattern of Glochidion macrocarpon, Phyllanthus leptospermum, Coriandrum japonicum, Hydrocotyle, Aranea and Pteris vittata.
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| CN115520971A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-27 | 河北环境工程学院 | Method for treating sewage by artificial wetland with calamus as vegetation |
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