CN114361797A - Method, device and system for quickly and automatically calibrating phased array antenna - Google Patents
Method, device and system for quickly and automatically calibrating phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a device and a system for quickly and automatically calibrating a phased array antenna, which are used for acquiring attitude information of the phased array antenna; calculating and controlling the first beam pointing direction; performing test optimization on the first beam; calculating and controlling the direction of the second wave beam according to a level value recording table obtained by the first wave beam test optimization; performing test optimization on the second beam; comparing the control level value obtained by optimizing the testing of the first wave beam and the second wave beam with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error; comparing the size relation between the mean square error and the first threshold value and the second threshold value and realizing the beam control of a full airspace; according to the invention, the phased array antenna is subjected to area optimization control, so that the extraction of control data of an antenna system at a special beam angle is realized, and then the phased array antenna wave control algorithm is used for carrying out algorithm wave control in an angle area near the special beam angle, so that the automatic calibration and control of the full-space phased array antenna beam with high speed and high precision are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rapid calibration and wave control of phased array antennas, in particular to a rapid and automatic calibration method, device and system of a phased array antenna.
Background
The phased array antenna has the technical advantages of low time delay, high precision, interference resistance and the like, and is widely applied to radars or communication systems. With the prominence of novel technical fields such as 5G and satellite communication, the low-cost phased array antenna gradually becomes a hot spot. Compared with a high-precision T/R phased array antenna which is insensitive to cost requirements, the novel low-cost T/R and liquid crystal phased array antenna technology has the advantages of easiness in integration, low cost, simple structure and the like. However, these emerging technology designs and manufacturing processes are not mature, and the overall performance of the phased array antenna, especially the performance uniformity of the core component-phase shifter, is not sufficient to support the overall system requirements of the phased array antenna. As a means for compensating for the deficiencies of such industrial design and manufacturing process, a device having fast automatic calibration and wave control of phased array antenna is urgently needed.
In the prior art, generally, T/R component units, phase shifter units or antenna channel units are used for testing and calibrating one by one, after all or most of the indexes of the T/R component units, phase shifter units or antenna channel units are obtained, the unit indexes are written into an algorithm mapping table, the approximate beam direction of an antenna is obtained through query and calculation of a mapping algorithm, and finally the maximum value of a target beam direction vicinity area is searched through closed-loop calibration to realize the function of phased array beam control.
The testing mode of the T/R component unit or the phase shifter unit has the advantages of great workload, long period and low efficiency; the antenna channel units are tested and calibrated one by one, so that the crosstalk between the antenna units cannot be avoided, test errors are caused, and the functions of a phased array antenna system are influenced; the algorithm mapping and closed-loop calibration realize the maximum value of signals transmitted or received by an antenna system to a certain extent, but only relatively large signal levels are selected, and the maximum beam pointing is not realized fundamentally, so that fundamental errors cannot be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and a system for quickly and automatically calibrating a phased array antenna, which aim to solve the problems of large workload, long period, low efficiency, error and inevitable fundamental error of various test calibration modes of the phased array antenna in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, a method for fast and automatic calibration of a phased array antenna includes:
s1: acquiring phased array antenna attitude information;
s2: calculating and controlling the first beam pointing direction;
s3: performing test optimization on the first beam;
s4: calculating and controlling the direction of a second wave beam according to a level value recording table obtained by the first wave beam test optimization;
s5: performing test optimization on the second beam;
s6: comparing the control level value obtained by optimizing the testing of the first wave beam and the second wave beam with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
s7: comparing the magnitude relationship between the mean square error and a first threshold and a second threshold;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold value, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by the first beam test optimization;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than the second threshold value, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, testing and optimizing the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and a control level value obtained by testing and optimizing the first beam, and comparing with the second threshold value again until the mean square error is smaller than the second threshold value.
Further, the test optimization includes a depth row scan and a depth column scan.
Further, the depth row scanning and the depth column scanning specifically include:
s11: controlling a loading level of the first row;
s12: acquiring the level acquired by the first row at the maximum signal power;
s13: recording and analyzing the control level value loaded by the first row when the maximum signal power is obtained, and recording and maintaining the control level value;
s14: continuing to perform S11-S13 until the last row, with reference to the control level value maintained by the first row;
s15: s11 through S14 are repeatedly performed by column.
Further, two test seeks are performed consecutively while performing the test seeks on the first beam and the second beam.
Further, in a region between the first beam and the second beam, a level value is calculated according to a nearby pointing angle and beam calculation and control are performed.
Further, the first beam and the second beam are two adjacent beams.
Further, if the mean square error is greater than the second threshold, adjusting a distance between the first beam and the second beam, specifically: and approaching the second beam angle to the first beam angle region.
Further, the first threshold value of the 8 × 8 phased array antenna is 5%, and the second threshold value is 12%.
In a second aspect, a fast automatic calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the attitude information of the phased array antenna;
the control module is used for calculating and controlling the beam direction;
the test optimizing module is used for testing and optimizing the wave beam;
the calculating module is used for calculating and controlling the direction of the next wave beam according to a level value recording table obtained by the wave beam test optimization;
the comparison module is used for comparing a control level value obtained by optimizing the test of two adjacent beams with a level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
the comparison module is used for comparing the size relation between the mean square error and a first threshold value and a second threshold value;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold value, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by the first beam test optimization;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than a second threshold value, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, testing and optimizing the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and a control level value obtained by testing and optimizing the first beam, and comparing the control level value with the second threshold value again until the control level value is smaller than the second threshold value.
In a third aspect, the system for fast and automatically calibrating the phased array antenna comprises a master control terminal, signal acquisition equipment, a lumped switch, a spherical support, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter and an antenna to be detected, wherein the master control terminal is electrically connected with the antenna to be detected, the lumped switch and the signal acquisition equipment respectively through an antenna control line to be detected, a lumped switch control line and a data acquisition line, the signal acquisition equipment is electrically connected with the antenna to be detected and the lumped switch through an antenna radio frequency cable and a switch main path radio frequency cable, and the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter is installed on the spherical support and electrically connected with the lumped switch through a switch branch radio frequency cable.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method, a device and a system for quickly and automatically calibrating a phased array antenna, which are used for acquiring attitude information of the phased array antenna; calculating and controlling the first beam pointing direction; performing test optimization on the first beam; calculating and controlling the direction of the second wave beam according to a level value recording table obtained by the first wave beam test optimization; performing test optimization on the second beam; comparing the control level value obtained by optimizing the testing of the first wave beam and the second wave beam with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error; comparing the size relation between the mean square error and the first threshold value and the second threshold value and realizing the beam control of a full airspace; according to the invention, the phased array antenna is subjected to area optimization control, so that the extraction of control data of an antenna system at a special beam angle is realized, and then the phased array antenna wave control algorithm is used for carrying out algorithm wave control in an angle area near the special beam angle, so that the automatic calibration and control of the full-space phased array antenna beam with high speed and high precision are realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the prior art and the present invention, the drawings which are needed to be used in the description of the prior art and the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other drawings may be derived from the provided drawings by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, proportions, sizes, and other dimensions shown in the specification are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims, and it is to be understood that all such modifications, changes in proportions, or alterations in size which do not affect the efficacy or objectives of the invention are not to be seen as within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a first flowchart of a fast automatic calibration method for a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second flowchart of a fast automatic calibration method for a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fast automatic calibration system for a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a master control terminal; 2-a signal acquisition device; 3-lumped switches; 4-a spherical scaffold; 5-a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter; 6-an antenna to be tested; 61-an antenna panel; 62-antenna control line; 63-antenna main control board; 7-antenna control line to be tested; 8-lumped switch control lines; 9-antenna radio frequency cable; 10-data acquisition line; 11-switch main radio frequency cable; 12-switch branch rf cable.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the above-described drawings (if any) are intended to distinguish between referenced items. For a scheme with a time sequence flow, the term expression does not need to be understood as describing a specific sequence or a sequence order, and for a scheme of a device structure, the term expression does not have distinction of importance degree, position relation and the like.
Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements specifically listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed that are inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus or that are added to a further refinement of the inventive concept.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fast and automatic calibration of a phased array antenna, including:
s1: acquiring phased array antenna attitude information;
s2: calculating and controlling the first beam pointing direction;
specifically, the wave control algorithm calculates a wave control pointing angle from the relative position of the electromagnetic wave transmitting (or receiving) device and the antenna terminal, and controls the antenna beam control chip to load a required level value to the phase shifter unit on the antenna panel through the antenna control line, thereby realizing the preliminary beam pointing.
S3: performing test optimization on the first beam;
the control level can be loaded row by row (or column by column, or special designated area by row) to carry out optimization; specifically, the maximum signal power at the device is captured by a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitting device which is conducted with the lumped switch, and the signal acquisition equipment acquires the level and transmits the level to the master control terminal. And the main control terminal records and analyzes the control level value loaded by the line when the maximum signal power value is obtained, and records and maintains the control level value. And the next row carries out the flow of control level loading-signal power acquisition-data calculation analysis-level record keeping again on the basis of the maintained level of the row. The scanning recording is controlled line by line until the last line is completed. The above overall process is one depth line scan.
On the basis of one depth row scanning, starting from the first column by the row scanning method, one depth column scanning is carried out column by column. In order to ensure the accurate control of the beam direction, depth row scanning and depth column scanning can be carried out again; and recording the finally recorded level value corresponding to each unit into a table.
S4: calculating and controlling the direction of a second wave beam according to a level value recording table obtained by the first wave beam test optimization;
s5: performing test optimization on the second beam;
specifically, the second beam is test-optimized according to a process of test-optimizing the first beam.
S6: comparing the control level value obtained by optimizing the testing of the first wave beam and the second wave beam with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
s7: comparing the magnitude relationship between the mean square error and a first threshold and a second threshold;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold value, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by the first beam test optimization;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than the second threshold value, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, testing and optimizing the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and a control level value obtained by testing and optimizing the first beam, and comparing with the second threshold value again until the mean square error is smaller than the second threshold value.
Specifically, the calculation result is compared with a system threshold, and if the mean square deviation value is smaller than the system threshold, the beam calculation and control in the area can be performed according to a level value record table of the beam pointing direction obtained by the first test optimization; and if the mean square deviation value is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, performing beam calculation and control according to the test optimization level value of the second beam angle. For the area between the first and the second beam angles, the nearby pointing angle calculation level value is carried out to carry out beam calculation and control; if the mean square deviation value is larger than the second threshold value, the second beam angle needs to be close to the first beam angle area, the optimization level value is tested again, the level value obtained by optimization and the first beam angle test optimization level value are subjected to mean square deviation value calculation and are compared with the threshold value again until the mean square deviation value is smaller than the second threshold value. Preferably, for an 8 x 8 phased array antenna, the threshold 1 is 5% and the threshold 2 is 12%.
A test optimization-calculation analysis of the third beam angle is then performed. And (4) until the test optimization-calculation analysis of the beam angle in the whole beam range of the antenna system is completed.
And recording the produced test optimizing level value into a table and storing the table into an algorithm system.
Through the steps, the test optimization of the level values corresponding to the discrete beam angles in the whole beam range of the antenna system can be realized, and the beam angles in other areas calculate the control level value of the currently required beam angle by inquiring the level values of the nearby test optimization beam angles to perform beam control.
The invention provides a device for fast and automatic calibration and wave control of a phased array antenna, which is combined with the principle of the phased array antenna and starts from the practical situation of low-cost and high-integration phased array antenna. The extraction of control data of the antenna system at a special beam angle is realized by performing area optimization control on the phased array antenna. And then, carrying out algorithm wave control in an angle area near the special wave beam angle by a phased array antenna wave control algorithm, thereby realizing the automatic calibration and control of the full-space phased array antenna wave beam with high speed and high precision.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a fast and automatic calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the attitude information of the phased array antenna;
the control module is used for calculating and controlling the beam direction;
the test optimizing module is used for testing and optimizing the wave beam;
the calculating module is used for calculating and controlling the direction of the next wave beam according to a level value recording table obtained by the wave beam test optimization;
the comparison module is used for comparing a control level value obtained by optimizing the test of two adjacent beams with a level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
the comparison module is used for comparing the size relation between the mean square error and a first threshold value and a second threshold value;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold value, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by the first beam test optimization;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than a second threshold value, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, testing and optimizing the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and a control level value obtained by testing and optimizing the first beam, and comparing the control level value with the second threshold value again until the control level value is smaller than the second threshold value.
For specific limitations of the apparatus for fast and automatic calibration of a phased array antenna, reference may be made to the above limitations of the method for fast and automatic calibration of a phased array antenna, which are not described herein again.
Referring to fig. 3, another embodiment of the present invention provides a fast and automatic calibration system for a phased array antenna, including a main control terminal 1, a signal acquisition device 2, a lumped switch 3, a spherical support 4, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter 5 and an antenna 6 to be detected, where the antenna 6 to be detected includes an antenna panel 61, an antenna control line 62 and an antenna main control panel 63, the main control terminal 1 is electrically connected to the antenna 6 to be detected, the lumped switch 3 and the signal acquisition device 2 through an antenna control line 7 to be detected, a lumped switch control line 8 and a data acquisition line 10, respectively, the signal acquisition device 2 is further electrically connected to the antenna 6 to be detected and the lumped switch 3 through an antenna radio frequency cable 9 and a switch main radio frequency cable 11, and a plurality of radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitters 5 are installed on the spherical support 4 and electrically connected to the lumped switch 3 through a switch branch radio frequency cable 12.
The above specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.
All the technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined (as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features), and for brevity of description, all the possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described; these examples, which are not explicitly described, should be considered to be within the scope of the present description.
The present invention has been described in considerable detail by the general description and the specific examples given above. It should be noted that it is obvious that several variations and modifications can be made to these specific embodiments without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fast and automatic calibration method for a phased array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring phased array antenna attitude information;
s2: calculating and controlling the first beam pointing direction;
s3: performing test optimization on the first beam;
s4: calculating and controlling the direction of a second wave beam according to a level value recording table obtained by the first wave beam test optimization;
s5: performing test optimization on the second beam;
s6: comparing the control level value obtained by optimizing the testing of the first wave beam and the second wave beam with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
s7: comparing the magnitude relationship between the mean square error and a first threshold and a second threshold;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold value, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by the first beam test optimization;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than the second threshold value, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, testing and optimizing the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and a control level value obtained by testing and optimizing the first beam, and comparing with the second threshold value again until the mean square error is smaller than the second threshold value.
2. The method for fast automatic calibration of a phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the test optimizations comprise a depth row scan and a depth column scan.
3. The method for fast and automatic calibration of a phased array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the depth row scan and the depth column scan are specifically:
s11: controlling a loading level of the first row;
s12: acquiring the level acquired by the first row at the maximum signal power;
s13: recording and analyzing the control level value loaded by the first row when the maximum signal power is obtained, and recording and maintaining the control level value;
s14: continuing to perform S11-S13 until the last row, with reference to the control level value maintained by the first row;
s15: s11 through S14 are repeatedly performed by column.
4. The method for fast automatic calibration of a phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein two test seeks are performed in succession while performing a test seek on the first beam and the second beam.
5. The method for fast automatic calibration of a phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein level values are calculated and beam calculation and control are performed according to a nearby pointing angle in a region between the first beam and the second beam.
6. The method for fast automatic calibration of a phased array antenna according to claim 1 wherein said first beam and said second beam are two adjacent beams.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein if the mean square error is greater than the second threshold, the distance between the first beam and the second beam is adjusted, specifically: and approaching the second beam angle to the first beam angle region.
8. The method for fast automatic calibration of a phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first threshold value is 5% and the second threshold value is 12% for an 8 x 8 phased array antenna.
9. A fast automatic calibration device for phased array antennas, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the attitude information of the phased array antenna;
the control module is used for calculating and controlling the beam direction;
the test optimizing module is used for testing and optimizing the wave beam;
the calculating module is used for calculating and controlling the direction of the next wave beam according to a level value recording table obtained by the wave beam test optimization;
the comparison module is used for comparing a control level value obtained by optimizing the test of two adjacent beams with a level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
the comparison module is used for comparing the size relation between the mean square error and a first threshold value and a second threshold value;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold value, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by the first beam test optimization;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, performing beam calculation and control according to a level value recording table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than a second threshold value, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, testing and optimizing the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and a control level value obtained by testing and optimizing the first beam, and comparing the control level value with the second threshold value again until the control level value is smaller than the second threshold value.
10. The utility model provides a quick automatic calibration system of phased array antenna, its characterized in that, includes total control terminal, signal acquisition equipment, lumped switch, spherical support, radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter and the antenna that awaits measuring, total control terminal through await measuring antenna control line, lumped switch control line and data acquisition line respectively with the antenna that awaits measuring lumped switch with signal acquisition equipment electricity is connected, signal acquisition equipment still through antenna radio frequency cable and switch total way radio frequency cable with the antenna that awaits measuring with lumped switch electricity is connected, radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter is installed on the spherical support through switch branch road radio frequency cable with lumped switch electricity is connected.
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| CN113447730A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-28 | 成都华芯天微科技有限公司 | Near-field calibration and scanning method, system and terminal for spherical antenna |
| CN113687317A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-11-23 | 中国人民解放军63892部队 | Broadband phased array radar antenna polarization calibration method based on comprehensive integration |
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| US20130027250A1 (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2013-01-31 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for aligning phased array antenna, and phased array antenna |
| US20200374015A1 (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2020-11-26 | Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd. | Array antenna calibration method and device |
| CN108493610A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-09-04 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | A kind of phased array antenna is automatically to star method and device |
| CN113687317A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-11-23 | 中国人民解放军63892部队 | Broadband phased array radar antenna polarization calibration method based on comprehensive integration |
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