CN116527165A - Phased array antenna testing system and method - Google Patents
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- CN116527165A CN116527165A CN202310542028.7A CN202310542028A CN116527165A CN 116527165 A CN116527165 A CN 116527165A CN 202310542028 A CN202310542028 A CN 202310542028A CN 116527165 A CN116527165 A CN 116527165A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/15—Performance testing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
The invention provides a phased array antenna test system and a method, wherein the system comprises: the system comprises a vector network analyzer, a synchronous control unit, an auxiliary antenna, a measured antenna and a microwave darkroom; the test system is provided with a radio frequency link and a synchronous link; the vector network analyzer is at least used for displaying a phased array antenna beam establishment process, a phased array antenna frequency switching process or a phased array antenna convergence process. The method comprises the following steps: building the phased array antenna test system; the synchronous control unit sends a control signal to the antenna to be tested and a synchronous pulse signal to the vector network analyzer at the same time, and triggers the vector network analyzer to start testing; and observing the output waveform of the vector network analyzer, and reading test data according to the output waveform of the phased array antenna beam establishment process displayed by the vector network analyzer. The invention can quickly build the test system, has simple system architecture, convenient use, wide test frequency range and high test result accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a phased array antenna testing system and a phased array antenna testing method.
Background
Phased array antennas are a technique for electronically controlling the direction of radiation and beam shape of the antenna. Phased array antennas can change the direction and shape of a radiation beam by changing the phase and amplitude of the antenna, thereby realizing high-speed and high-precision wireless communication. In phased array antennas, beam setup time is a very important performance indicator, generally defined as the time required for a composite beam to switch from one specified direction to another, i.e., the time required for a control signal to enter the antenna until a stable beam is established. The speed of the beam establishment time directly affects the working efficiency and accuracy of the wireless communication system, and is particularly important in wireless communication systems such as wireless high-speed frequency hopping convergence communication and the like.
The general test method of the beam establishment time is usually realized by adopting devices such as a signal generator, an oscilloscope and the like, is limited by factors such as the sampling rate of the oscilloscope and the like, and can only test the antenna working at a lower frequency band generally below 1-2GHz, and the antenna at a higher frequency band is usually realized by introducing a detector, and the high-frequency signal is sent to the oscilloscope after amplitude detection. The specific test mode is that a signal source is used for inputting signals with specific frequency and amplitude to a tested phased array antenna or an auxiliary antenna, a detector is used for measuring the power or average value of the output signals of the tested phased array antenna or the auxiliary antenna, an oscilloscope is used for measuring the output signals of the detector, and the gain response of the antenna is determined by measuring the output voltage value. The test method relates to a plurality of instruments and equipment, is inconvenient in specific practical operation, has low efficiency and can not intuitively identify information such as frequency and the like.
In recent years, with the development of computer vision and deep learning techniques, some researchers have proposed a camera-based beam setup time test method. This method uses a dedicated camera to take an image of the antenna radiation and measures the beam setup time by calculating the radiation beam position and direction in the image. The method has the advantages of complex test system, high difficulty, unpopular application in the technical field of antenna measurement and low practicality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at least solving the problems of the prior art that a method for simply and efficiently testing the wave beam establishment time of a phased array antenna is lacked; on one hand, the conventional method for testing by adopting a signal generator and an oscilloscope is difficult to meet the test requirement of a high-frequency antenna, and the introduction of a detector can adapt to the high-frequency antenna, but further increases the complexity of the system, and has the defects of inconvenient operation and low efficiency; on the other hand, the computer vision and deep learning based test method has complex system, large implementation difficulty and is not suitable for one of the technical problems of conventional test.
To this end, a first aspect of the present invention provides a phased array antenna testing system.
A second aspect of the invention provides a phased array antenna testing method.
The invention provides a phased array antenna test system, comprising: the system comprises a vector network analyzer, a synchronous control unit, an auxiliary antenna, a measured antenna and a microwave darkroom;
the auxiliary antenna and the antenna to be tested are arranged in the microwave darkroom;
the vector network analyzer is respectively connected with the auxiliary antenna and the antenna to be tested through signals;
the synchronous control unit is respectively connected with the antenna to be tested and the vector network analyzer in a signal manner;
the test system is provided with a radio frequency link and a synchronous link;
in the radio frequency link, the vector network analyzer sends out radio frequency signals to the auxiliary antenna, the detected antenna receives the radiation signals emitted by the auxiliary antenna, or the vector network analyzer sends out radio frequency signals to the detected antenna, the auxiliary antenna receives the radiation signals emitted by the detected antenna, and the radiation signals are transmitted back to the vector network analyzer;
in the synchronous link, the synchronous control unit sends a control signal to the antenna to be tested and outputs a synchronous pulse signal to the vector network analyzer at the same time, and the vector network analyzer is triggered to collect data;
the vector network analyzer is at least used for displaying a phased array antenna beam establishment process and/or a phased array antenna frequency switching process and/or a phased array antenna convergence process.
The phased array antenna test system according to the above technical solution of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in the technical scheme, the beam establishment time is read through the phased array antenna beam establishment process displayed by the vector network analyzer;
the beam set-up time is the time difference between the auxiliary antenna or the antenna to be tested and the time when the beam pointing control command is received and the energy of the directional signal is increased to 90% of the maximum power.
In the technical scheme, the device further comprises a controller unit, wherein the controller unit is connected with the synchronous control unit;
the controller unit is used for sending a control signal to the synchronous control unit, and the synchronous control unit forwards the control signal to the antenna to be tested;
the control signals include beam pointing control commands, frequency switching control commands, convergence control commands, or lock weight control commands.
In the above technical scheme, the system further comprises a control room, and the vector network analyzer, the synchronous control unit and the controller unit are arranged in the control room.
In the above technical solution, the radio frequency signal sent by the vector network analyzer radiates the signal to the antenna to be measured through the auxiliary antenna by the radio frequency cable, and the antenna to be measured receives the radiated signal and sends the radiated signal to the receiving port of the vector network analyzer through the radio frequency cable; or, the radio frequency signal sent by the vector network analyzer radiates the signal to the auxiliary antenna through the tested antenna by the radio frequency cable, and the auxiliary antenna receives the radiated signal and then sends the radiated signal to the receiving port of the vector network analyzer through the radio frequency cable;
the controller unit is connected with the synchronous control unit through a serial port extension line; the synchronous control unit is connected with the antenna to be tested through a low-frequency transmission line; the synchronous control unit is connected with the vector network analyzer through a BNC radio frequency cable and is accessed into an external triggering interface of the vector network analysis.
In the above technical solution, the scanning mode of the vector network analyzer is set to a point frequency mode, the triggering source is set to an external trigger, the triggering mode is set to a channel trigger, the measurement trigger is set to a rising edge, and the intermediate frequency bandwidth and the number of test points of the vector network analyzer are set according to the beam establishment time.
In the above technical scheme, the antenna to be tested and the auxiliary antenna are arranged oppositely and are located at the same height.
The invention also provides a phased array antenna testing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, building a testing system according to the phased array antenna testing system according to any one of the technical schemes;
s2, controlling an antenna beam of the antenna to be tested to point to a first direction;
s3, setting a scanning mode, a trigger source, a trigger mode, measurement trigger setting, frequency, intermediate frequency bandwidth and test points of the vector network analyzer;
s4, sending a control signal to the antenna to be tested by using the synchronous control unit, wherein the antenna to be tested responds to the control signal; the synchronous control unit sends a control signal to the antenna to be tested and a synchronous pulse signal to the vector network analyzer at the same time, and triggers the vector network analyzer to start testing;
s5, observing the output waveform of the vector network analyzer, and reading the beam establishment time or the frequency switching time or the convergence time of the phased array antenna according to the output waveform of the phased array antenna beam establishment process or the phased array antenna frequency switching process or the phased array antenna convergence process displayed by the vector network analyzer.
In the above technical solution, in S4, the control signal includes a beam pointing control command, a frequency switching control command, a convergence control command, or a lock weight control command;
when the control signal is a beam pointing control command, the antenna to be tested responds to the control signal by pointing the antenna beam in a second direction.
In the above technical solution, when the beam-building time test is performed, the first direction is pointing direction 0 degrees, and the second direction is pointing direction 0 degrees, and the first direction is pitching 0 degrees; wherein the value of N is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical characteristics, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can quickly build the beam building time test system, has simple test system architecture, less test instrument and equipment, convenient use, wide test frequency range, high test result accuracy and strong engineering application operability. The vector network analyzer is used as a basic instrument for antenna measurement, and the test of the antenna beam establishment time can be completed without adding devices such as an oscilloscope, a detector and the like. For the antenna multi-frequency point multi-directional beam building time test task, the invention has obvious advantages in test efficiency and test result accuracy.
The test system and the test method can be used for testing the phased array antenna frequency switching time and the phased array antenna convergence time besides testing the phased array antenna beam establishment time.
The test of the wave beam establishment time of the phased array antenna has important beneficial effects on the aspects of improving the system performance, reducing the cost, improving the competitiveness, promoting the technical development and the like. Improving the system performance: in practical application, the phased array antenna needs to quickly and accurately lock the target signal, and the beam establishment time is an important index for determining the system performance. Testing these metrics can help engineers optimize system design and parameter configuration, improving system performance and stability. The cost is reduced: the testing of the beam setup time of the phased array antenna can help engineers find problems and bottlenecks in time, and improve and optimize the phased array antenna in a targeted manner, thereby reducing product development and manufacturing costs. Improving the competitive power: phased array antenna technology is widely applied in the fields of military, civil use and the like, and excellent performance and stability are important sources of enterprise competitiveness. The indexes such as beam establishment time, frequency switching time, convergence time and the like of the test phased array antenna can help enterprises optimize product design and manufacturing processes, and improve product quality and competitiveness. The development aspect of the technology is promoted: phased array antenna technology has long been an important research direction in the radar and communication fields. Testing the beam setup time of phased array antennas can help engineers to gain insight into the technological principles and operating mechanisms, pushing the continued development and innovation of technology.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a phased array antenna testing system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of phased array antenna beam setup time test synchronization in a phased array antenna test system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of actual measurement of phased array antenna beam setup time in a phased array antenna test system according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a flow diagram of a phased array antenna testing method in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Phased array antenna testing systems and methods provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 1-4.
Some embodiments of the present application provide a phased array antenna testing system.
As shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention proposes a phased array antenna testing system, including: the system comprises a vector network analyzer, a synchronous control unit, an auxiliary antenna, a tested antenna, a microwave darkroom, a control room and a controller unit.
The auxiliary antenna and the tested antenna are arranged in the microwave darkroom, the tested antenna is the phased array antenna of the test object, and specifically, the tested antenna and the auxiliary antenna are oppositely erected and are positioned at the same height; the vector network analyzer, the synchronous control unit and the controller unit are arranged in the control room. Wherein the microwave camera is used to provide environmental conditions suitable for phased array antenna testing.
The vector network analyzer is respectively connected with the auxiliary antenna and the antenna to be tested through signals; the synchronous control unit is respectively connected with the antenna to be tested and the vector network analyzer in a signal manner; the controller unit is connected with the synchronous control unit in a signal way, and the control unit can be a computer or an analog terminal controller.
Specifically, the radio frequency signal sent by the vector network analyzer radiates the signal to the antenna to be measured through the auxiliary antenna by the radio frequency cable, and the antenna to be measured receives the radiated signal and then sends the radiated signal to the receiving port of the vector network analyzer through the radio frequency cable; or the radio frequency signal sent by the vector network analyzer radiates the signal to the auxiliary antenna through the tested antenna by the radio frequency cable, and the auxiliary antenna receives the radiated signal and sends the radiated signal to the receiving port of the vector network analyzer through the radio frequency cable. The controller unit is connected with the synchronous control unit through a serial port extension line; the synchronous control unit is connected with the antenna to be tested through a low-frequency transmission line; the synchronous control unit is connected with the vector network analyzer through a BNC radio frequency cable and is accessed into an external triggering interface of the vector network analysis.
The test system is provided with a radio frequency link and a synchronous link; in the radio frequency link, the vector network analyzer sends radio frequency signals to the auxiliary antenna, and the antenna to be tested receives radiation signals sent by the auxiliary antenna; or the vector network analyzer sends out radio frequency signals to the antenna to be tested, the auxiliary antenna receives the radiation signals emitted by the antenna to be tested, and the radiation signals are transmitted back to the vector network analyzer. In the synchronous link, after the controller unit wants to send a control signal to the synchronous control unit, the synchronous control unit outputs a TTL level synchronous pulse signal to the vector network analyzer while forwarding the control signal to the tested antenna at high speed, and triggers the vector network analyzer to collect data.
When the phased array antenna beam building time test is carried out, the control signal sent by the controller unit is a beam pointing control command, and the vector network analyzer is used for displaying a waveform schematic diagram of the phased array antenna beam building process; when the phased array antenna frequency switching time test is carried out, the control signal sent by the controller unit is a frequency switching control command, and the vector network analyzer is used for displaying a waveform schematic diagram of the phased array antenna frequency switching process; when the phased array antenna convergence time test is carried out, the control signal sent by the controller unit is a convergence control command or a locking weight control command, and the vector network analyzer is used for displaying a waveform schematic diagram of the phased array antenna convergence process; the waveform diagram displayed by the vector network analyzer can intuitively observe the test waveform of the phased array antenna, so that the beam establishment time, the frequency switching time and the convergence time are read. In one particular embodiment, fig. 2 shows a phased array antenna beam setup time test synchronization timing diagram, and fig. 3 shows a phased array antenna beam setup time actual measurement diagram, the beam setup time being the time difference between the auxiliary antenna or the antenna under test from the time of receiving the beam pointing control command to the time when the directional signal energy increases to 90% of maximum power.
A second embodiment of the present invention proposes a phased array antenna testing method, and based on the first embodiment, fig. 4 shows a flowchart for testing the beam setup time of a phased array antenna, specifically including the following steps:
s1, building a testing system according to the phased array antenna testing system according to the first embodiment; and placing the auxiliary antenna at the height of the antenna to be measured, wherein the phased array antenna is opposite to the auxiliary antenna.
S2, controlling the antenna beam of the antenna to be tested to point to the direction of 0 degrees in azimuth and pitching the direction of N degrees through a controller unit; wherein the preferred angle of N is between 30 and 60 degrees.
S3, setting a scanning mode, a trigger source, a trigger mode, measurement trigger setting, frequency, intermediate frequency bandwidth and test points of the vector network analyzer; in a specific embodiment, the scanning mode of the vector network analyzer is set to be a point frequency mode, the triggering source is set to be external triggering, the triggering mode is set to be channel triggering, the measurement triggering is set to be a rising edge, and the intermediate frequency bandwidth and the number of test points of the vector network analyzer are set according to the maximum estimated beam establishment time. The inverse of the intermediate frequency bandwidth is used as the time required by the vector network analyzer to collect one data, and the time multiplied by the test point number is the test time.
S4, sending a beam pointing control command to the synchronous control unit through the controller unit, and forwarding the beam pointing control command to the antenna to be tested by the synchronous control unit at a high speed, so that the antenna beam of the antenna to be tested points to the azimuth 0 degree and the elevation 0 degree directions; the synchronous control unit sends a control signal to the antenna to be tested and a synchronous pulse signal to the vector network analyzer at the same time, and triggers the vector network analyzer to start testing;
s5, observing the output waveform of the vector network analyzer, and reading the beam establishment time of the phased array antenna according to the output waveform of the beam establishment process of the phased array antenna displayed by the vector network analyzer.
The method in this embodiment can also be applied to phased array antenna frequency switching time and phased array antenna convergence time testing. Phased array antenna frequency switching time refers to the time required for a phased array antenna to switch from one frequency to another, and phased array antenna convergence time refers to the time required for the phased array antenna to reach an optimal operating state from the beginning of tuning. The beam setup time is different from the frequency switching time and convergence time test in phased array antenna state control. The beam establishment time test is that the controller unit sends out a beam switching control command; the frequency switching time test is that the controller unit sends out a frequency switching control command; the convergence time test is that the controller unit sends out control commands such as opening convergence or locking weight.
In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A phased array antenna testing system, comprising: the system comprises a vector network analyzer, a synchronous control unit, an auxiliary antenna, a measured antenna and a microwave darkroom;
the auxiliary antenna and the antenna to be tested are arranged in the microwave darkroom;
the vector network analyzer is respectively connected with the auxiliary antenna and the antenna to be tested through signals;
the synchronous control unit is respectively connected with the antenna to be tested and the vector network analyzer in a signal manner;
the test system is provided with a radio frequency link and a synchronous link;
in the radio frequency link, the vector network analyzer sends out radio frequency signals to the auxiliary antenna, the detected antenna receives the radiation signals emitted by the auxiliary antenna, or the vector network analyzer sends out radio frequency signals to the detected antenna, the auxiliary antenna receives the radiation signals emitted by the detected antenna, and the radiation signals are transmitted back to the vector network analyzer;
in the synchronous link, the synchronous control unit sends a control signal to the antenna to be tested and outputs a synchronous pulse signal to the vector network analyzer at the same time, and the vector network analyzer is triggered to collect data;
the vector network analyzer is at least used for displaying a phased array antenna beam establishment process and/or a phased array antenna frequency switching process and/or a phased array antenna convergence process.
2. The phased array antenna test system according to claim 1, wherein the phased array antenna beam setup process displayed by the vector network analyzer reads the beam setup time;
the beam set-up time is the time difference between the auxiliary antenna or the antenna to be tested and the time when the beam pointing control command is received and the energy of the directional signal is increased to 90% of the maximum power.
3. The phased array antenna test system of claim 1, further comprising a controller unit, the controller unit being coupled to the synchronization control unit;
the controller unit is used for sending a control signal to the synchronous control unit, and the synchronous control unit forwards the control signal to the antenna to be tested;
the control signals include beam pointing control commands, frequency switching control commands, convergence control commands, or lock weight control commands.
4. The phased array antenna test system of claim 3, further comprising a control room, the vector network analyzer, the synchronization control unit and the controller unit being disposed in the control room.
5. The phased array antenna test system according to claim 3 wherein the radio frequency signal from the vector network analyzer is transmitted to the antenna under test via the auxiliary antenna via the radio frequency cable, and the antenna under test receives the transmitted signal and transmits it to the receiving port of the vector network analyzer via the radio frequency cable; or, the radio frequency signal sent by the vector network analyzer radiates the signal to the auxiliary antenna through the tested antenna by the radio frequency cable, and the auxiliary antenna receives the radiated signal and then sends the radiated signal to the receiving port of the vector network analyzer through the radio frequency cable;
the controller unit is connected with the synchronous control unit through a serial port extension line; the synchronous control unit is connected with the antenna to be tested through a low-frequency transmission line; the synchronous control unit is connected with the vector network analyzer through a BNC radio frequency cable and is accessed into an external triggering interface of the vector network analysis.
6. The phased array antenna test system according to claim 1, wherein the vector network analyzer scans for a spot frequency mode, the trigger source is set for an external trigger, the trigger mode is set for a channel trigger, the measurement trigger is set for a rising edge, and the vector network analyzer intermediate frequency bandwidth and the number of test spots are set according to the length of the beam setup time.
7. The phased array antenna test system of claim 1, wherein the antenna under test is mounted opposite the auxiliary antenna and is located at the same elevation.
8. A method of testing a phased array antenna, comprising the steps of:
s1, building a phased array antenna test system according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
s2, controlling an antenna beam of the antenna to be tested to point to a first direction;
s3, setting a scanning mode, a trigger source, a trigger mode, measurement trigger setting, frequency, intermediate frequency bandwidth and test points of the vector network analyzer;
s4, sending a control signal to the antenna to be tested by using the synchronous control unit, wherein the antenna to be tested responds to the control signal; the synchronous control unit sends a control signal to the antenna to be tested and a synchronous pulse signal to the vector network analyzer at the same time, and triggers the vector network analyzer to start testing;
s5, observing the output waveform of the vector network analyzer, and reading the beam establishment time or the frequency switching time or the convergence time of the phased array antenna according to the output waveform of the phased array antenna beam establishment process or the phased array antenna frequency switching process or the phased array antenna convergence process displayed by the vector network analyzer.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in S4, the control signal includes a beam pointing control command, a frequency switching control command, a convergence control command, or a lock weight control command;
when the control signal is a beam pointing control command, the antenna to be tested responds to the control signal by pointing the antenna beam in a second direction.
10. The method for testing a phased array antenna according to claim 9, wherein when a beam setup time test is performed, the first direction is pointing direction 0 degrees, and the second direction is pointing direction 0 degrees, and the first direction is pitching 0 degrees; wherein the value of N is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees.
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| CN118151110A (en) * | 2024-05-10 | 2024-06-07 | 天津云遥宇航科技有限公司 | Rapid test system and method for full-polarization radar antenna |
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| CN118151110A (en) * | 2024-05-10 | 2024-06-07 | 天津云遥宇航科技有限公司 | Rapid test system and method for full-polarization radar antenna |
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