CN114357786A - Method for evaluating quality of noise order in whole vehicle of electric drive system - Google Patents
Method for evaluating quality of noise order in whole vehicle of electric drive system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a method for evaluating the quality of noise of the noise order in an electric drive system. The method comprises the following steps: step S1, extracting the noise energy of the order noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the first extraction frequency width range, and extracting the noise energy of the order relative to the background noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the second extraction frequency width range; and step S2, constructing a sound quality evaluation model based on the masking effect, taking the absolute value of the difference value of the noise energy of the order noise and the relative background noise as the evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation model, comparing the evaluation index value with a preset value, outputting a comparison result, and evaluating the quality of the noise order noise in the whole electric drive system. The method converts subjective evaluation of the noise level noise quality in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system into objective evaluation indexes, and is convenient, rapid and effective to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a method for evaluating the quality of noise of the noise order in an electric drive system.
Background
Rotating machines generate noise that varies in frequency with the speed of rotation during operation, and such frequency variation with speed is referred to in the industry as order noise.
The power system of the electric automobile comprises a plurality of rotating structures, and the order noise is rich, especially the medium-high frequency order noise. In systems without engine masking effects, the high and medium frequency noise is prominent, which is very likely to cause perception and even complaints by the customers, resulting in bad emotions such as irritability for the drivers and the members. The strict control of the order noise of the power system of the electric automobile has important significance for improving the acoustic performance and the sound quality of the automobile.
At present, no standard exists for evaluating the noise inside the electric driving system of the electric automobile, particularly, the evaluation of the order noise quality mainly depends on the subjective evaluation of engineers, and no clear objective evaluation index exists, mainly because the noise frequency range of the electric driving system is wide, and the judgment of multiple order noises by a simple evaluation method is difficult when the multiple order noises are superposed.
The chinese patent CN201910484351.7 provides a noise evaluation method based on noise order sound pressure level gradient parameters, which comprises the following specific processes: performing an acceleration test by using a motor rack, and calculating the sound pressure level of each order of motor in the acceleration test process of the motor rack; and calculating the sound pressure gradient of the motor of each order based on the sound pressure level of the motor of each order, and evaluating the noise of the motor according to the sound pressure gradient. The patent is to carrying out noise evaluation to motor order noise under the sharp acceleration operating mode of acoustics rack, is difficult to carry out the evaluation to the whole car internal noise of electric automobile electric drive system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the quality of noise order in a whole vehicle of an electric drive system, which solves the problem that the quality of noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system is difficult to evaluate objectively in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for evaluating the quality of noise of the noise order in the whole vehicle of an electric drive system, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, extracting the noise energy of the order noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the first extraction frequency width range, and extracting the noise energy of the order relative to the background noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the second extraction frequency width range;
and step S2, constructing a sound quality evaluation model based on the masking effect, taking the absolute value of the difference value of the noise energy of the order noise and the relative background noise as the evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation model, comparing the evaluation index value with a preset value, outputting a comparison result, and evaluating the quality of the noise order noise in the whole electric drive system.
In one embodiment, the step S1 further includes:
extracting noise energy of nth order noise in a first extraction frequency width range to obtain a sound pressure level-rotation speed curve of the nth order noise;
wherein the first extraction frequency width range is [ f ]c,l,fc,u]；
fc,lExtracting the lower limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth order noise;
fc,uextracting the upper limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth order noise;
n is the noise order.
In one embodiment, the first extraction frequency width range [ f [ ]c,l,fc,u]The following expression is satisfied:
fc,l＝fc×(1-width1/2)；
fc,u＝fc×(1+width1/2)；
fcfor the motor rotating speed to be NcThe center frequency of the nth order noise;
width1is a first width parameter.
In one embodiment, the step S1 further includes:
extracting the noise energy of the nth order relative to the background noise in a second extraction frequency width range to obtain a sound pressure level-rotation speed curve of the nth order relative to the background noise;
wherein the second extraction frequency width range is [ f ]l,fu]；
flExtracting the lower limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth-order relative background noise;
fuextracting the upper limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth-order relative background noise;
n is the noise order.
In one embodiment, the second extraction width range [ f [ ]l,fu]The following expression is satisfied:
fl＝fc×(1-width2/2)；
fu＝fc×(1+width2/2；
fcfor the motor rotating speed to be NcThe center frequency of the nth order noise;
width2is a second width parameter.
In an embodiment, in the step S2, the method further includes, using an absolute value of a difference between the noise energy of the order noise and the noise energy of the relative background noise as an evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation model:
the absolute value DeltaL of the sound pressure level difference of the order noise and the relative background noise of the orderpΔ L as an evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation modelpThe corresponding expression is as follows:
wherein p is0For reference sound pressure, p (f) is the sound pressure corresponding to frequency f.
In one embodiment, the first width parameter width1The following value ranges are satisfied: width of 1% or more1≤10％。
In one embodiment, the second width parameter width2The following value ranges are satisfied: width of 20% or more2≤30％。
In one embodiment, the smaller the evaluation index value is compared with the preset value, the worse the sound quality of the order is;
the higher the evaluation index value is compared with the preset value, the better the sound quality of the order.
In one embodiment, the first extraction frequency width range is (nxwidth)1)；
The second extraction frequency width range is (nxwidth)2)；
Wherein, width1Is a first width parameter;
width2is a second width parameter;
n is the noise order.
According to the method for evaluating the quality of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system, provided by the invention, the subjective evaluation can be effectively converted into the objective evaluation index by constructing the acoustic quality evaluation model of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system, and the method has the effects of convenience in operation, rapidness and effectiveness.
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The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals denote like features throughout the several views, wherein:
FIG. 1 discloses a flow chart of a method for evaluating the quality of noise orders in a whole vehicle of an electric drive system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an extracted frequency width range according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graphical illustration of an evaluation of a N-th order noise subjective complaint status of an electric drive system of an electric vehicle in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the evaluation result of the nth order subjective acceptance of noise in an electric drive system of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the quality of noise in the whole vehicle of an electric drive system, which is characterized in that an acoustic quality evaluation model is constructed based on masking effect, typical order noise of the electric drive system and noise energy in a frequency band nearby the order noise are compared, and subjective evaluation is innovatively converted into an effective objective evaluation index.
Auditory masking effects refer to the human ear's sensitivity to only the most prominent sound responses, while for non-prominent sounds, the responses are less sensitive.
Auditory masking effects in turn include noise masking effects, frequency domain masking effects, and the like.
Wherein, the noise masking effect refers to a phenomenon that the hearing threshold of one sound is improved due to the existence of one or more other sounds;
the frequency domain masking effect refers to a strong pure tone masking a weak pure tone that sounds simultaneously in its vicinity.
From the principle of the noise masking effect and the frequency domain masking effect, if the energy or the sound pressure level of noise in a certain frequency band is higher in a certain frequency band, the noise is more easily perceived by people, and otherwise, the noise is not easily perceived by people.
Fig. 1 discloses a flow chart of a method for evaluating the quality of noise order in a finished vehicle of an electric drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method for evaluating the quality of noise order in a finished vehicle of an electric drive system according to the present invention includes the following steps:
step S1, extracting the noise energy of the order noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the first extraction frequency width range, and extracting the noise energy of the order relative to the background noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the second extraction frequency width range;
and step S2, constructing a sound quality evaluation model based on the masking effect, taking the absolute value of the difference value of the noise energy of the order noise and the relative background noise as the evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation model, comparing the evaluation index value with a preset value, outputting a comparison result, and evaluating the quality of the noise order noise in the whole electric drive system.
Each step is described in detail below.
And step S1, extracting the noise energy of the order noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the first extraction frequency width range, and extracting the noise energy of the order relative to the background noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the second extraction frequency width range.
Analyzing the internal noise of an electric drive system of a certain new energy automobile, extracting the noise energy of nth order noise of the internal noise of the whole automobile of the electric drive system according to the order extraction width of the first extraction frequency width range, and further obtaining a sound pressure level-rotating speed curve of the nth order noise;
analyzing the internal noise of the electric drive system of a certain new energy automobile, changing the order extraction width, extracting the noise energy of the nth order of the internal noise of the electric drive system relative to the background noise according to the order extraction width in the range of the second extraction frequency width, and obtaining the sound pressure level-rotating speed curve of the nth order relative to the background noise.
Further, for a typical nth order noise, the noise level is (nxwidth)1) Taking the width as a first extraction frequency width range, and extracting order noise; in the form of (nxwidth)2) Is used as a second extraction frequency width range, and the relative background noise extraction of the order is performed.
width1Is a first width parameterCounting;
width2is a second width parameter.
Extracting the frequency width requires being able to clearly distinguish the order noise to be evaluated from other order noises.
Preferably, the first width parameter width1The following value ranges are satisfied: width of 1% or more1≤10％；
Preferably, the second width parameter width2The following value ranges are satisfied: width of 20% or more2≤30％。
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an extracted frequency width range according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for calculating a frequency width during extraction of the order noise and the relative background noise of the electric drive system mentioned in the present embodiment, where values of the rotation speed and the frequency are only schematic diagrams, and may be different from values actually analyzed.
Wherein the abscissa is the rotating speed of a driving motor in the electric driving system, and the unit is rpm; the ordinate is frequency in Hz.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, for a typical nth order noise, the first extraction frequency width is in the range of [ f [ ]c,l,fc,u]The second extraction frequency width range is [ f ]l,fu]。
The specific calculation method for determining the order extraction frequency bandwidth is as follows.
fcFor the motor rotating speed to be NcThe center frequency of the nth order noise.
The first extraction frequency width range of this order noise is formula (1):
[fc×(1-width1/2),fc×(1+width1/2)] (1)
the second extraction frequency width range of the order against the background noise is formula (2):
[fc×(1-width2/2),fc×(1+width2/2)] (2)
order to
fc,l＝fc×(1-width1/2) (3)
fc,u＝fc×(1+width1/2) (4)
fl＝fc×(1-width2/2) (5)
fu＝fc×(1+width2/2 (6)
Then with fcFor the center frequency, the first extracted frequency width range of the nth order noise can be expressed as: [ f ] ofc,l,fc,u]The second extraction bin width of the order against the background noise can be expressed as: [ f ] ofl,fu]。
Wherein f isc,lExtracting the lower limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth order noise;
fc,uextracting the upper limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth order noise;
flextracting the lower limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth-order relative background noise;
futhe upper limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth-order relative background noise is obtained.
And step S2, constructing a sound quality evaluation model based on the masking effect, taking the absolute value of the difference value of the noise energy of the order noise and the relative background noise as the evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation model, comparing the evaluation index value with a preset value, outputting a comparison result, and evaluating the quality of the noise order noise in the whole electric drive system.
Comparing the order noise with the relative background noise, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the order noise and the relative background noise is the sound quality evaluation index of the order.
In this embodiment, the sound pressure level difference between the order noise and the relative background noise of the order is calculated, and the absolute value Δ L of the sound pressure level difference between the order noise and the relative background noise of the order is calculatedpΔ L as an evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation modelpThe corresponding expression is as formula (7):
in the formula, p0For reference sound pressure, p (f) is the corresponding sound pressure at a certain frequency f.
In this embodiment, p0＝2×10-5Pa。
ΔLpThe evaluation index of the noise quality in the order is obtained.
The evaluation index value DeltaL is measuredpAnd comparing the noise level with a preset value, outputting a comparison result, and evaluating the quality of the noise level in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system.
When Δ LpThe smaller the order, the worse the acoustic quality performance, for example: Δ LpAt ≦ 3dB, the acoustic quality performance is unacceptable;
when Δ LpThe larger the order, the better the sound quality performance, for example: Δ LpThe sound quality is excellent when not less than 8 dB.
The evaluation effect of the method for evaluating the quality of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system is verified by aiming at a specific electric drive system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the evaluation of the N-th order noise subjective complaint status of an electric vehicle drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the N-th order noise subjective complaint status of the electric vehicle drive system shown in FIG. 3 before optimization, with the abscissa being the rotational speed of the drive motor in the electric drive system in rpm; the ordinate is the sound pressure level in dB.
Wherein, - Δ Lp' is a preset value of the evaluation index.
As shown in fig. 3, the block portion Δ Lp＞ΔLp' is the subjective complaint interval, i.e., the time interval during which the human ear can perceive noise problems significantly under driving conditions or the electrical drive speed interval.
The complaint order noise of a certain electric drive system shown in fig. 3 is analyzed to be caused by the fact that the complaint problem is caused by the fact that the part production process and the design process are not consistent, the complaint disappears after the production process is optimized and restored to the design level, and the subjective evaluation on the noise of the certain electric drive system is acceptable, as shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the evaluation results of the nth order noise subjective acceptance of an electric drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the subjective acceptance of the electric drive system is shown in fig. 4 after optimization, and the abscissa is the rotation speed of the driving motor in the electric drive system and is expressed in rpm; the ordinate is the sound pressure level in dB.
Wherein, - Δ Lp' is a preset value of the evaluation index.
As shown in FIG. 4, after the optimization of the production process is performed to restore the design level, the block portion Δ Lp≤ΔLp' is subjective acceptance interval, subjective evaluation has no complaint.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the noise quality evaluation method for the noise order in the entire vehicle of the electric drive system provided by the invention conforms to the subjective evaluation of the user on the noise quality evaluation of the noise order in the entire vehicle of the actual electric drive system.
According to the method for evaluating the quality of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system, provided by the invention, the subjective evaluation can be effectively converted into the objective evaluation index by constructing the acoustic quality evaluation model of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system, and the method has the effects of convenience in operation, rapidness and effectiveness.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as would be understood by one skilled in the art.
As used in this application and the appended claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not intended to be inclusive in the singular, but rather are intended to be inclusive in the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" merely indicate that steps and elements are included which are explicitly identified, that the steps and elements do not form an exclusive list, and that a method or apparatus may include other steps or elements.
The embodiments described above are provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and that modifications or variations can be made to the embodiments described above by persons skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, so that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the innovative features set forth in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating the quality of noise of the noise order in the whole vehicle of an electric drive system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, extracting the noise energy of the order noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the first extraction frequency width range, and extracting the noise energy of the order relative to the background noise of the internal noise of the whole electric drive system in the second extraction frequency width range;
and step S2, constructing a sound quality evaluation model based on the masking effect, taking the absolute value of the difference value of the noise energy of the order noise and the relative background noise as the evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation model, comparing the evaluation index value with a preset value, outputting a comparison result, and evaluating the quality of the noise order noise in the whole electric drive system.
2. The method for evaluating the quality of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 further comprises:
extracting noise energy of nth order noise in a first extraction frequency width range to obtain a sound pressure level-rotation speed curve of the nth order noise;
wherein the first extraction frequency width range is [ f ]c,l,fc,u]；
fc,lExtracting the lower limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth order noise;
fc,uextracting the upper limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth order noise;
n is the noise order.
3. The method for evaluating the quality of noise orders within a whole vehicle of an electric drive system according to claim 2, wherein the first extraction frequency width range [ f [ ] isc,l,fc,u]The following expression is satisfied:
fc,l＝fc×(1-width1/2)；
fc,u＝fc×(1+width1/2)；
fcfor the motor rotating speed to be NcThe center frequency of the nth order noise;
width1is a first width parameter.
4. The method for evaluating the quality of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system according to claim 2, wherein the step S1 further comprises:
extracting the noise energy of the nth order relative to the background noise within the second extraction frequency width range to obtain a sound pressure level-rotation speed curve of the nth order relative to the background noise;
wherein the second extraction frequency width range is [ f ]l,fu]；
flExtracting the lower limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth-order relative background noise;
fuextracting the upper limit frequency of the corresponding extraction width of the nth-order relative background noise;
n is the noise order.
5. The method for evaluating the quality of noise of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system according to claim 4, wherein the second extraction width range [ f ] isl,fu]The following expression is satisfied:
fl＝fc×(1-width2/2)；
fu＝fc×(1+width2/2)；
fcfor the motor rotating speed to be NcThe center frequency of the nth order noise;
width2is a second width parameter.
6. The method for evaluating the quality of noise orders in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the method for evaluating the quality of noise orders using the absolute value of the difference between the noise energy of the order noise and the noise energy of the relative background noise as the evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation model further comprises:
the absolute value DeltaL of the sound pressure level difference of the order noise and the relative background noise of the orderpΔ L as an evaluation index value of the sound quality evaluation modelpThe corresponding expression is as follows:
wherein p is0For reference sound pressure, p (f) is the sound pressure corresponding to frequency f.
7. The method for evaluating the quality of noise in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system according to claim 3, wherein the first width parameter width1The following value ranges are satisfied: width of 1% or more1≤10％。
8. The method for evaluating the quality of noise in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system according to claim 5, wherein the second width parameter width2The following value ranges are satisfied: width of 20% or more2≤30％。
9. The method for evaluating the quality of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
the smaller the evaluation index value is compared with a preset value, the worse the sound quality of the order is;
the higher the evaluation index value is compared with the preset value, the better the sound quality of the order.
10. The method for evaluating the quality of the noise order in the whole vehicle of the electric drive system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
the first extraction frequency width range is (nxwidth)1)；
The second extraction frequency width range is (nxwidth)2)；
Wherein, width1Is a first width parameter;
width2is a second width parameter;
n is the noise order.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115273894A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-11-01 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile electrical appliance sound evaluation method based on music principle |
| CN115457976A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-12-09 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Accelerated sound quality evaluation method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN115795899A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-14 | 博格华纳汽车零部件（武汉）有限公司 | New energy electric vehicle squeaking noise evaluation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115273894A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-11-01 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile electrical appliance sound evaluation method based on music principle |
| CN115457976A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-12-09 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Accelerated sound quality evaluation method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN115795899A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-14 | 博格华纳汽车零部件（武汉）有限公司 | New energy electric vehicle squeaking noise evaluation method |
| CN115795899B (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-09-26 | 博格华纳汽车零部件（武汉）有限公司 | New energy electric automobile howling noise evaluation method |
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