CN106568501B - Near-field detection method for sound quality objective parameters of low-noise product - Google Patents
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Abstract
The near field detection method for the acoustic quality objective parameters of the low-noise product comprises the following specific steps: 1) a microphone is adopted to obtain a product noise signal in an acoustic near field (smaller than half wavelength) range; 2) according to the acoustic quality objective parameters reflecting the subjective auditory perception of a person (including: loudness, sharpness, etc.) algorithm, calculating the acoustic quality objective parameter value of the near-field acoustic signal of the product; 3) and comparing the detection results of other modes to determine the qualified threshold value of the product or the typical fault characteristics of the unqualified product, and eliminating the product with abnormal sound quality objective parameter indexes to achieve the purpose of distinguishing the qualified product from the unqualified product.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical fields of noise control, psychoacoustics, objective sound quality parameters, product quality inspection, calculation methods and the like, in particular to a method for detecting and evaluating the objective sound quality parameters of a low-noise product based on acoustic near-field measurement.
Background art:
noise sources that are annoying at low sound pressure levels can significantly degrade the human auditory experience, such as sharp squeaks that occur when defective products such as shavers, car seat drivers, etc. are operated. Whether the noise of the product is smooth and not annoying is a key factor for determining whether the product is qualified or not and improving the quality of the product. Due to the low sound pressure level and wide frequency spectrum distribution of the radiation noise of the product, the conventional sound pressure level detection and characteristic abnormal sound frequency analysis method cannot effectively distinguish qualified products from unqualified products. Through literature research, a mature method for effectively detecting and evaluating the products is not found. At present, enterprises adopt a method of direct listening to ears to distinguish qualified products from unqualified products, and a manual method has the defects of incapability of quantitatively describing detection results, poor reliability, low working efficiency and the like.
In order to quantitatively describe the auditory perception of human ears on sound and provide a basis for quality detection of low-sound-pressure products, researchers provide objective quantity-sound quality parameters capable of reflecting the subjective perception of human ears on sound. The sound quality given by Blauet is defined as: "sound quality" refers to the process by which a person subjectively makes a judgment of taste through the auditory perception of the human ear on a sound event. The description of sound quality can be represented by a series of indexes (such as loudness, sharpness and the like) reflecting the influence degree of noise on subjective emotion of the human.
On the other hand, in acoustic near-field measurement of low-noise products (acoustic sources), the microphone can capture evanescent waves (evanescent waves) that cannot be obtained in conventional acoustic far-field measurement. The evanescent wave is formed by the radiation of vibration waves with the wave length smaller than that of sound waves in air in the structure, the amplitude of the evanescent wave is attenuated in an exponential mode along with the increase of the distance, and the amplitude is attenuated by more than 97 percent when the distance is one wavelength. Most of the structure vibration radiation forms evanescent wave, and only a few of the structure wave with the wavelength larger than that of the sound wave in the air can radiate to form noise. Therefore, richer structural vibration state information can be obtained through the acoustic near-field measurement compared with the conventional acoustic measurement, so that the product fault defect can be more effectively identified.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a method for detecting objective parameters of sound quality of a low-noise product, which aims to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is:
1. an acoustic near-field measurement method is adopted so as to fully obtain evanescent waves of the surface of the structure and enable measurement signals to reflect vibration information in a sound source as much as possible;
2. the defects of the human ear identification method based on experience are overcome, and the repeatability and the accuracy of the detection result are improved by adopting a scientific theoretical model;
3. the method of acoustic near-field measurement and acoustic quality objective parameter theoretical model correlation combination is adopted, and the purpose of distinguishing qualified products from unqualified products is achieved according to the typical characteristics of low-noise product defects and the threshold value of the acoustic quality objective parameter indexes.
The near field detection method for the acoustic quality objective parameters of the low-noise product comprises the following steps of:
1) a microphone is adopted to obtain a product noise signal within an acoustic near field (half wavelength away from a sound source), wherein the acoustic near field range is a range half wavelength away from the sound source, and the signal contains a large amount of evanescent wave information;
2) according to the near-field acoustic signals in the space obtained in 1), adopting an acoustic quality objective parameter calculation model (comprising: loudness, sharpness, etc.), calculating the sound quality objective parameter value reflecting the hearing comfort of the noise person of the product;
calculation model of sound quality loudness: according to the loudness definition of Moore, the loudness calculation of psychoacoustic objective parameters is based on the equivalent rectangular width scale, 372 auditory filters are established in the auditory frequency range of 0.05 kHz-15 kHz of human ears, wherein the corresponding relation between the critical frequency bandwidth ERB and the frequency f can be approximated as follows:
ERB＝24.673(0.004368f+1) (1)
in the formula: f is the center frequency of the band.
The center frequency of the human auditory filter in the frequency range of 0.05kHz to 15kHz can be obtained by the following formula:
ERB-number＝21.366lg(0.004368f+1) (2)
in the formula: f is the center frequency of the filter.
The output excitation of the filter can be found by:
the center frequency of the human auditory filter in the frequency range of 0.05kHz to 15kHz can be determined by the following formula:
in the formula: eiFor the output excitation of the ith filter, W (g)ij) The response of the ith filter to the input at frequency j,
is the effective value power, P, of the input signal0Is a reference sound pressure 2 × 10-5And obtaining the characteristic loudness N' on the basis of obtaining the output signal of the filter.
The final loudness is the sum of the specific loudness obtained for the 372 filters, as follows:
sharpness model: in the calculation process of the sharpness, the sharpness is expressed by S, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: n' is the specific loudness in the Zwicker loudness model, and
3) according to the products obtained in the step 2), the threshold value of qualified products or the typical fault characteristics of unqualified products are determined by comparing the detection results of other modes, and the products with abnormal sound quality objective parameter indexes are removed, so that the purpose of distinguishing qualified products from unqualified products is achieved.
The method provided by the invention meets the requirement of quality detection of low-sound-pressure-level artificial products, analyzes evanescent wave signals obtained by acoustic near-field measurement by adopting an acoustic quality objective quantity calculation method, determines qualified threshold values or typical fault characteristics of unqualified products according to detection results of other modes, and achieves the purpose of distinguishing qualified products from unqualified products.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, through the acoustic near-field measurement of the sound source, more product fault information (characteristics) than that of the conventional far-field measurement method can be obtained, the limitation of the original far-field measurement is broken through, and the structural vibration state characteristics can be effectively obtained;
2. the invention adopts a scientific theoretical model, and can obtain higher accuracy than the detection result distinguished by human ears;
3. the method can effectively reveal the noise signal characteristics of the product according to the calculation result, and achieves the purpose of distinguishing qualified products from unqualified low-noise products.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a measuring device used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a field diagram of an actual measurement of the present invention.
Fig. 3(a) is a loudness comparison graph of a non-qualified sample and a qualified sample, and fig. 3(b) is a loudness comparison graph of a non-qualified sample and a qualified sample after being processed by a low-pass filter (center frequency 50 Hz).
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing sharpness of rejected samples to qualified samples.
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
the invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings
The near field detection method for the acoustic quality objective parameters of the low-noise product is carried out according to the following steps:
1) a microphone is adopted to obtain a product noise signal in an acoustic near field (half wavelength away from a sound source), and the signal contains a large amount of evanescent wave information;
2) according to the near-field acoustic signals in the space obtained in 1), adopting an acoustic quality objective parameter calculation model (comprising: loudness, sharpness, etc.), calculating the sound quality objective parameter value reflecting the hearing comfort of the noise person of the product; (ii) a
Calculation model of sound quality loudness: according to the loudness definition of Moore, the loudness calculation of psychoacoustic objective parameters is based on the equivalent rectangular width scale, 372 auditory filters are established in the auditory frequency range of 0.05 kHz-15 kHz of human ears, wherein the corresponding relation between the critical frequency bandwidth ERB and the frequency f can be approximated as follows:
ERB＝24.673(0.004368f+1) (1)
in the formula: f is the center frequency of the band.
The center frequency of the human auditory filter in the frequency range of 0.05kHz to 15kHz can be obtained by the following formula:
ERB-number＝21.366lg(0.004368f+1) (2)
in the formula: f is the center frequency of the filter.
The output excitation of the filter can be found by:
the center frequency of the human auditory filter in the frequency range of 0.05kHz to 15kHz can be determined by the following formula:
in the formula: eiFor the output excitation of the ith filter, W (g)ij) The response of the ith filter to the input at frequency j,
is the effective value power, P, of the input signal0Is a reference sound pressure 2 × 10-5And obtaining the characteristic loudness N' on the basis of obtaining the output signal of the filter.
The final loudness is the sum of the specific loudness obtained for the 372 filters, as follows:
sharpness model: in the calculation process of the sharpness, the sharpness is expressed by S, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: n' is the specific loudness in the Zwicker loudness model, and
3) according to the products obtained in the step 2), the threshold value of qualified products or the typical fault characteristics of unqualified products are determined by comparing the detection results of other modes, and the products with abnormal sound quality objective parameter indexes are removed, so that the purpose of distinguishing qualified products from unqualified products is achieved.
Verification method
The invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.
In this example, a Free-field 1/2 inch model 4956 microphone from Denmark B & K was used as the microphone measuring tool, and the microphone was placed as close as possible to the reduction gearbox of the horizontal driver of the car seat, 2mm from the reduction gearbox, as shown in FIG. 1.
An experimental test stand was set up in a full anechoic chamber, as shown in fig. 2. The PLC is used for controlling the operation of the automobile seat horizontal driver, an 1/2-inch microphone is used for collecting near-field sound signals when the automobile seat horizontal driver operates, and the sound quality objective parameter value reflecting the working state of a product is calculated through a coupling calculation model (comprising loudness, sharpness, roughness and the like) of a sound quality objective parameter algorithm.
Fig. 3(a) is a graph comparing loudness of unqualified samples and qualified samples, wherein the loudness curve (solid line) of unqualified samples is above the loudness curve (dotted line) of qualified samples, and a value can be defined in the middle through statistics as a standard for judging whether products are available or not. Fig. 3(b) is a graph comparing the loudness of unqualified samples, which have significant periodicity in the loudness curve (solid line), to that of qualified samples after being processed by a low-pass (center frequency 50Hz) filter, while the periodicity of qualified samples is not significant after being filtered by the low-pass filter. FIG. 3(b) shows the typical feature that the presence of periodic presence is an off-grade product
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the sharpness of rejected samples with those of qualified samples, where the sharpness curve for rejected samples fluctuates more and the sharpness curve for qualified samples is smoother.
Therefore, according to a coupling calculation model (including loudness, sharpness and the like) of the sound quality objective parameter algorithm, the reference threshold value of the sound quality objective parameter and the typical characteristics of unqualified products are determined by calculating the sound quality objective parameter value reflecting the working state of the product and according to results of other methods such as ear identification and the like and the statistical analysis results of the sound quality objective parameters of a large number of qualified samples, and the purpose of distinguishing qualified automobile seat drivers from unqualified automobile seat drivers is achieved. The method is combined with actual test environment and equipment, so that the quality detection of the product of the horizontal driver of the automobile seat of the enterprise can be realized by replacing manpower with a machine, and the detection efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Claims (1)
1. The near field detection method for the acoustic quality objective parameters of the low-noise product comprises the following steps:
1) a microphone is adopted to obtain a product noise signal in an acoustic near-field range, the signal contains a large amount of evanescent wave information, and the acoustic near-field range is within a half wavelength range from a sound source;
2) adopting an acoustic quality objective parameter calculation model according to the near-field acoustic signals in the space obtained in the step 1), wherein the acoustic quality objective parameter calculation model comprises the following steps: loudness and sharpness, and calculating an objective sound quality parameter value reflecting the auditory comfort of a noise person of the product;
calculation model of sound quality loudness: according to the loudness definition of Moore, the loudness calculation of psychoacoustic objective parameters is based on the equivalent rectangular width scale, 372 auditory filters are established in the auditory frequency range of 0.05 kHz-15 kHz of human ears, wherein the corresponding relation between the critical frequency bandwidth ERB and the frequency f can be approximated as follows:
ERB＝24.673(0.004368f+1) (1)
in the formula: f is the center frequency of the frequency band;
the center frequency of the human auditory filter in the frequency range of 0.05kHz to 15kHz can be obtained by the following formula:
ERB-number＝21.366lg(0.004368f+1) (2)
in the formula: f is the center frequency of the filter;
the output excitation of the filter can be obtained by the following formula:
the center frequency of the human auditory filter in the frequency range of 0.05kHz to 15kHz can be determined by the following formula:
in the formula: eiFor the output excitation of the ith filter, W (g)ij) The response of the ith filter to the input at frequency j,
is the effective value power, P, of the input signal0Is a reference sound pressure 2 × 10-5Obtaining the characteristic loudness N' on the basis of obtaining the output signal of the filter;
the total loudness is the sum of the specific loudness obtained for the 372 filters, as follows:
sharpness model: in the calculation process of the sharpness, the sharpness is expressed by S, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: n' is the specific loudness in the Zwicker loudness model, and
3) according to the acoustic quality objective parameter index which is obtained by calculation in the step 2) and reflects the running state of the product, the threshold value of the qualified product or the typical fault characteristics of the unqualified product are determined by comparing the detection results of other modes, and the product with the abnormal acoustic quality objective parameter index is removed.
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| CN109036453B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-12-31 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Method and device for judging noise quality of equipment |
| CN109668626A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-23 | 东莞材料基因高等理工研究院 | A kind of sound quality evaluation method based on human-computer interaction interface |
| CN110398647B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2022-02-15 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Transformer state monitoring method |
| CN112097894A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-12-18 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for detecting radiation noise qualification of horizontal driver of automobile seat |
| CN113049251A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-29 | 哈工大机器人（合肥）国际创新研究院 | Bearing fault diagnosis method based on noise |
| CN113515048B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-04-07 | 华中科技大学 | Method for establishing fuzzy self-adaptive PSO-ELM sound quality prediction model |
| CN117688515B (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-05-17 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Sound quality evaluation method and device for air compressor, storage medium and electronic equipment |
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