CN114353641A - Blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method and measuring device thereof - Google Patents
Blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method and measuring device thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coaxiality measuring devices, in particular to a blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method and a blind hole spline coaxiality measuring device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coaxiality measurement, in particular to a blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method and a blind hole spline coaxiality measuring device.
Background
In the parts of the fuel booster pump, a main shaft with a slender shaft is provided, a deep blind hole is formed in one end of the main shaft, an internal spline is arranged in the deep blind hole, a reference excircle which is distributed in a cantilever mode with the internal spline is designed on the main shaft, and the coaxiality of the spline and the reference excircle needs to be measured during assembly, so that the design requirement is met, otherwise the deflection value of a shaft center line of a spline shaft matched with the internal spline of the main shaft in any direction can be influenced, and the transmission with an engine is further influenced.
At present, when the main shaft is coaxially measured, multiple times of reference conversion indirect measurement are adopted, the measurement operation difficulty is high, multiple steps cause long time consumption, the process route of the main shaft part machining process conversion reference is too long due to the fact that the measurement needs reference conversion, the machining cost is increased, the measurement precision is low, the error is large, the stability of a product is affected, and the measurement can not be used as a measurement basis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method and a blind hole spline coaxiality measuring device, and solves the problems that in the prior art, the coaxiality measuring efficiency of a spline pair in a deep blind hole of a slender shaft main shaft part and an inner spline are in cantilever distribution reference excircle is low, and the measuring error is large.
The technical scheme for achieving the aim comprises the following steps: a blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a measuring body and spline core rods matched with the measuring body, wherein at least 3 groups of the spline core rods are prepared; the measuring body is sequentially provided with a guide hole and a positioning hole which are coaxially arranged from top to bottom; the spline mandrel comprises an external spline and guide tables coaxial with the external spline, and the outer diameters of the guide tables in the 3 groups of spline mandrels are different; the distance between the bottom surface of the external spline and the bottom surface of the guide table is Z1The distance between the top end of the internal spline and the upper end face of the guide hole is Z2The distance between the bottom end of the internal spline and the upper end face of the guide hole is Z3Z is the same as2＜Z1＜Z3；
2) Fixing a reference excircle on a shaft to be measured with a measuring body through a positioning hole;
3) selecting the maximum coaxiality X given according to the shaft product to be measuredmaxThe designed spline core rod extends the external spline into the blind hole to be matched with the internal spline, if the spline core rod is matched with the measuring body at the same time, the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is less than or equal to XmaxThen the spline mandrel is taken out for 4); if the spline core rod is not matched with the measuring body, the measurement is stopped, and the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is more than Xmax；
4) The same as 3), the minimum coaxiality X given according to the shaft product to be measured is selectedminThe designed spline core rod is matched with the shaft to be measured, if the spline core rod is matched with the measuring body at the same time, the measurement is stopped, and the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is obtained and meets the condition that Y is more than 0 and less than or equal to Xmin(ii) a If the spline core rod is not matched with the measuring body, taking out the spline core rod for 5);
5) selecting the maximum coaxiality XmaxAnd minimum coaxiality XminIntermediate coaxiality XmidThe designed spline core rod is matched with the shaft to be measured, and if the spline core rod is matched with the measuring body, the spline core rod is between XminAnd XmidThere are other coaxial spline core rods between, then XmidWhen the new maximum coaxiality is taken, repeating the step 5), or stopping the measurement to obtain that the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured meets Xmin＜Y≤Xmid(ii) a If the spline core rod is not matched with the measuring body, when the spline core rod is between XmidAnd XmaxThere are other coaxial spline core rods between, then XmidWhen the new minimum coaxiality is taken, repeating the step 5), or stopping the measurement to obtain that the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured meets Xmid＜Y≤Xmax。
Further defining, the inner diameter D of the guide hole in 1) aboveGuide tubeOuter diameter D of guide tableOuter coverSatisfy functional gauge design principle DOuter cover＝DGuide tubeX + F, where X is the coaxiality given by the design of the axis to be measured and F is the fundamental deviation.
Further limiting, 4 groups of spline core rods designed according to different coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured are selected in the step 1).
And 3) further limiting, in the step 2), the reference excircle on the shaft to be measured is matched with the positioning hole, so that the reference excircle is coaxial with the positioning hole.
Further limiting, in 3), the matching of the spline mandrel and the shaft to be measured is specifically as follows: the external spline extends to a blind hole on the shaft to be measured, and then moves downwards by means of self weight and is matched with the internal spline of the blind hole; the spline core rod is matched with the measuring body specifically as follows: the guide table is positioned in the guide hole; the spline core rod is not matched with the measuring body specifically as follows: the guide table is located outside the guide hole.
Further defined, X in said 5)midComprising X1And X2Wherein X ismin＜X1＜X2＜XmaxAnd 5) specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting the coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured as X1The designed spline core rod stops measuring if the spline core rod is matched with the measuring body, and the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured meets Xmin＜Y≤X1(ii) a If the spline core rod is not matched with the measuring body, selecting the coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured as X2The designed spline core rod stops measuring if the spline core rod is matched with the measuring body, and the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured meets X1＜Y≤X2(ii) a If the spline core rod is not matched with the measuring body, the measurement is stopped to obtain X2＜Y≤Xmax。
Further limiting, the coaxiality given according to the shaft product to be measured is X respectively1And X2The designed spline core rod can be replaced by the same.
The measuring device based on the blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method is characterized by comprising a measuring body and at least 3 groups of spline core rods designed according to different coaxiality, wherein the measuring body is provided with a coaxial guide hole and a positioning hole matched with a reference excircle on a shaft to be measured from top to bottom, the spline core rod comprises an external spline matched with an internal spline on the shaft to be measured and a guide table positioned at the end part of the external spline and matched with the guide hole, and the external spline comprises a guide table and a guide tableIs coaxially arranged with the guide table; the height of the positioning hole is not less than that of the reference excircle, and the distance Z between the bottom surface of the external spline and the bottom surface of the guide table1The distance Z between the top end of the internal spline and the upper end face of the guide hole2And the distance Z between the bottom end of the internal spline and the upper end face of the guide hole3Satisfies the relationship of Z2＜Z1＜Z3。
Further inject, the measurement body includes baffle and location body, the guiding hole is seted up on the baffle, the locating hole is seted up on the location body.
Further limiting, the guide plate is connected with the positioning body through a pin block and a screw, the positioning body is provided with a plurality of support legs, and the length of each support leg is not less than that of the shaft to be measured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the shaft to be measured is arranged on the measuring body, the grouped spline core rods designed according to different coaxiality given by a shaft product to be measured are used for measuring, the actual coaxiality range value of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is obtained through one-by-one measurement, the engineering measurement of the actual coaxiality value of the blind hole spline can be realized according to the actual application and the number of groups, the measuring mode is simple and convenient, the working efficiency during measurement is improved, the measuring stability is high, the error is small, the problem of low measuring efficiency can be solved, the problem of large measuring error can be solved, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the device is suitable for popularization and use;
2. the spline core rods of different groups are measured as standard parts, whether the guide table is matched with the guide hole or not is observed to quickly and conveniently measure and judge, the spline core rods of different specifications can be conveniently and quickly replaced in the measurement process of the shaft to be measured, and human errors generated in the process of reading numerical values, measuring angles and/or steps during manual measurement can be avoided, so that the standardization and the standardization of measurement are improved, and the measurement accuracy and convenience are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shaft to be measured according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a spline mandrel according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a measurement body according to embodiment 1 of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a measuring body and a shaft to be measured in cooperation according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
wherein, 1-measuring the body; 101-a pilot hole; 102-positioning holes; 103-a guide plate; 104-a positioning body; 2-spline mandrel; 201-external splines; 202-a guide table; 3-a pin block; 4-screws; 5-reference excircle; 6-internal splines; 7-support leg.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a shaft to be measured is a long and thin main shaft, a reference outer circle 5 is arranged on the outer side of one end of the shaft to be measured, a limit ring is arranged between the top end of the reference outer circle 5 and the top end of the shaft to be measured, and the outer diameter of the limit ring is larger than that of the outer circle 5; the blind hole is deeper arranged along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured, the inner spline 6 is arranged at the bottom of the blind hole, the inner spline 6 and the reference excircle 5 are distributed on the long and thin main shaft in a cantilever manner, the coaxiality between the inner spline 6 and the reference excircle 5 needs to be measured during assembly, namely the coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline, and due to the particularity of the structure of the shaft to be measured and the reference excircle, the coaxiality precision required by a product is higher, and a certain range of coaxiality numerical values need to be marked. The coaxiality measuring method and the measuring device are stable and reliable engineering measurement of an actual value of the coaxiality in consideration of product assembly, for example, for a shaft to be measured with the coaxiality not greater than 0.05mm, the coaxiality of the shaft to be measured is required to be measured within any range of 0-0.02 mm, 0.02-0.03 mm, 0.03-0.04 mm and 0.04-0.05 mm.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method includes the following steps:
1) preparing a measuring body 1 and at least 3 groups of spline core rods 2 designed according to different coaxiality given by a shaft product to be measured;
specifically, the measurement body 1 is provided with a guide hole 101 and a positioning hole 102 which are coaxially arranged to form a stepped hole with a large top and a small bottom, the reference outer circle 5 can be matched with the positioning hole 102, the outer spline 201 on the spline core rod 2 can be matched with the inner spline 6, and the spline core rod 2 is provided with an upper splineCan be matched with the guide hole 101, and the distance Z between the bottom surface of the external spline 201 and the bottom surface of the guide table 2021The distance Z between the top end of the internal spline 6 and the upper end surface of the guide hole 1012And the distance Z between the bottom end of the internal spline 6 and the upper end surface of the guide hole (101)3Satisfies the relationship of Z2＜Z1＜Z3When the external spline 201 just contacts with the internal spline 6 for matching, the lower end face of the guide table 202 just contacts with the upper end face of the measuring body 1 or is located a distance above the upper end face of the measuring body 1, and meanwhile, when the external spline 202 is completely matched with the internal spline, the guide table 202 can pass through the guide hole 101, and if the external spline 202 cannot pass through the guide hole, the test guide table 202 is clamped at the position of the upper end face of the measuring body 1.
For the embodiment, 4 sets of spline core rods 2 designed according to different coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured are selected for illustration, the excircle diameters of the guide table 202 are designed according to the coaxiality of 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.04mm and 0.05mm given by the shaft product to be measured by the 4 sets of spline core rods 2 respectively, and the coaxiality of 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.04mm and 0.05mm required by the shaft product to be measured is marked on the corresponding spline core rod handle parts, so that the identification and the selection are convenient.
2) Matching the shaft to be measured with the measuring body 1;
specifically, a shaft to be measured is connected with the measuring body 1 through the matching of the reference excircle 5 and the positioning hole 102, the reference excircle 5 is coaxial with both the positioning hole 102 and the guide hole 101, the limiting ring on the shaft to be measured is positioned in the guide hole 101 and is attached to the upper end face of the positioning body 104, and the opening of the blind hole on the shaft to be measured is upward;
3) selecting the maximum coaxiality X given according to the shaft product to be measuredmaxThe designed spline core rod 2 is matched with the internal spline of the shaft to be measured, if the spline core rod 2 is matched with the measuring body 1, the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is less than or equal to XmaxTaking out the spline mandrel 2 to carry out the next step; if the spline core rod 2 is not matched with the measuring body 1, the measurement is stopped, and the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is more than Xmax；
Firstly, selecting the maximum coaxiality given by a shaft product to be measuredXmaxThe designed spline core rod 2 is designed according to the product with the given coaxiality of 0.05mm, if the actual coaxiality of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is greater than 0.05mm, the shaft to be measured does not meet the standard and cannot be selected for assembly, so that further measurement is not needed, and if the actual coaxiality of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is less than 0.05mm, the shaft to be measured needs to be operated in the next step to judge the range of the actual coaxiality of the shaft to be measured;
specifically, the spline mandrel 2 and the shaft to be measured are matched by the following operations: one end of an external spline 201 in the spline core rod 2 extends into a blind hole internal spline on a shaft to be measured, and falls downwards only depending on the self weight of the spline core rod 2 without using external force, so that the external spline 201 is matched with the internal spline 6, the matching of the spline core rod 2 and the shaft to be measured is completed, and at the moment, the external spline 201 is coaxial with the internal spline 6;
the spline core rod 2 and the measuring body 1 are matched to show that: when the spline mandrel 2 is matched with the shaft to be measured, the guide table 202 moves downwards to the inside of the guide hole 101, namely, all the spline mandrel and the shaft are matched; if the guide table 202 moves downward and cannot move into the guide hole 101 and get stuck to the upper end surface of the guide hole 101 or get stuck to the middle of the guide hole 101 and cannot be completely engaged, the spline mandrel 2 is not engaged with the measurement body 1.
4) Selecting the minimum coaxiality X given according to the shaft product to be measuredminThe designed spline core rod 2 is matched with the shaft to be measured, if the spline core rod 2 is matched with the measuring body 1 at the same time, the measurement is stopped, and the blind hole spline coaxiality Y of the shaft to be measured meets the condition that Y is more than 0 and less than or equal to Xmin(ii) a If the spline core rod 2 is not matched with the measuring body 1, taking out the spline core rod 2 to carry out the next operation;
specifically, when a spline core rod 2 designed according to the coaxiality of 0.02mm given by a shaft product to be measured is selected to be matched with a measuring body 1 when being matched with the shaft to be measured, the coaxiality of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.02mm, and therefore the measurement is stopped; if the spline core rod 2 cannot be matched with the measuring body 1 when being matched with the shaft to be measured, the coaxiality of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is larger than 0.02mm, a further range of Y in the range of Y being larger than 0.02mm and smaller than or equal to 0.05mm needs to be determined, and therefore the next operation is continued.
5) Selecting the maximum coaxiality X given according to the shaft product to be measuredmaxAnd minimum coaxiality XminIntermediate coaxiality XmidThe designed spline core rod 2 is matched with the shaft to be measured, if the spline core rod 2 is simultaneously matched with the measuring body 1, when the position is between XminAnd XmidA spline core rod 2 with other coaxiality according to the given coaxiality of the shaft product to be measured is arranged between the two parts, and then X is addedmidWhen the maximum coaxiality is given by a new shaft product to be measured, repeating the step 5), or stopping measuring to obtain the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured, which meets the requirement Xmin＜Y≤Xmid(ii) a If the spline mandrel 2 is not matched with the measuring body 1, when the spline mandrel is between XmidAnd XmaxA spline core rod 2 with other coaxiality according to the given coaxiality of the shaft product to be measured is arranged between the two parts, and then X is addedmidWhen the minimum coaxiality given by the product of the shaft to be measured is used as a new minimum coaxiality, repeating the step 5), or stopping the measurement to obtain the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured, which meets the requirement Xmid＜Y≤Xmax；
Specifically, if the number of the selected groups of spline mandrels 2 is an odd number or an even number, when the number of the groups of spline mandrels 2 is an odd number:
for example, if the spline mandrel 2 is selected to be 3 groups, the coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured is XmidThe designed spline core rod 2 completes measurement, and meanwhile, the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured can be obtained to meet the requirement of Xmin＜Y≤XmidOr Xmid＜Y≤Xmax；
For example, if the spline mandrel 2 is selected to be 5 groups, the coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured is XmidThe designed spline core rod 2 still needs to further judge Y and XaOr XbIn the range of (A) to (B), wherein Xmin＜Xa＜Xmid＜Xb＜XmaxIf X ismin＜Y≤XmidThen X will beaAs a new intermediate coaxiality, X is setmidWhen the new maximum coaxiality is adopted, the minimum coaxiality is still XminRepeating the step 5) to carry out the measurement, namely by setting the same according to the shaft product to be measuredAxial length of XaThe spline core rod 2 is designed to carry out measurement, and X is obtained by the same methodmin＜Y≤XaOr Xa＜Y≤Xmid(ii) a If Xmid＜Y≤XmaxThen X will bebAs a new intermediate coaxiality, X is setmidWhen the new minimum coaxiality is taken, the maximum coaxiality is still XmaxRepeating the step 5) to measure, namely, the coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured is XbThe spline core rod 2 is designed to carry out measurement, and X is obtained by the same methodmid＜Y≤XbOr Xb＜Y≤XmaxThe measurement is finished, and the same is true for the condition of selecting other odd number groups, but in the actual production process, the influence of multiple experiments on the measurement speed is avoided, the manufacturing difficulty caused by the improvement of the precision is also avoided, and the number of the groups of the spline core rod 2 is not more than 5 groups;
when the number of sets of spline mandrels 2 is even:
for example, the spline core rods 2 are selected to be 4 groups, and two of the products with the given coaxiality of the shaft to be measured are positioned in the middle and are respectively X1And X2Wherein X ismin＜X1＜X2＜XmaxAt this time, X may be substituted1And X2As XmidAnd during actual measurement, the operation is carried out in the same way as 3) and 4), and the coaxiality given according to the shaft product to be measured is selected as X1And/or X2The designed spline mandrel 2 is measured, specifically:
when the coaxiality given by the product to be measured is selected as X1When the designed spline core rod 2 is measured, if X is obtainedmin＜Y≤X1Stopping measurement; if X is obtained1＜Y≤XmaxThe coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured is selected as X2The designed spline core rod 2 is measured to obtain X1＜Y≤X2Stopping the measurement if X is obtained2＜Y≤XmaxStopping measurement and finishing measurement; wherein the coaxiality given according to the shaft product to be measured is selected as X1The designed spline core rod 2 and the coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured are X2The order of the spline mandrels 2 designed can be changed.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the blind hole spline coaxiality measuring device comprises a measuring body 1 and a spline core rod 2, wherein a stepped hole is formed in the measuring body 1, the stepped hole comprises a guide hole 101 and a positioning hole 102 which are coaxially formed, the inner diameter of the guide hole 101 is larger than that of the positioning hole 102, and the guide hole 101 is located at the top of the positioning hole 102; the spline mandrel 2 comprises an outer spline 201 and a guide table 202 located at the end part of the outer spline 201, the guide table 202 is preferably a cylinder, an exhaust groove is formed in the outer side wall of the guide table, it is guaranteed that air in the inner spline blind hole is timely exhausted when the spline mandrel 2 is matched with the inner spline blind hole, a connecting shaft is arranged between the top surface of the outer spline 201 and the guide table 202, spline parameters of the outer spline 201 are designed according to a spline comprehensive through end plug gauge, the outer spline 201 and the inner spline 201 are in tooth side fit, the outer diameter size of the guide table 202 is designed according to the design principle of a function gauge, the guide table 202 can be matched with the guide hole 101, and the positioning hole 102 can be matched with a reference outer circle 5;
the external splines 201 and the guide table 202 are designed coaxially with high precision, and are manufactured by high-precision equipment when different groups of spline core rods 2 are manufactured, and are measured as standard parts in measurement.
In order to guarantee that spline plug 2 can be on measuring body 1 with the axle accuracy cooperation that awaits measuring, can also judge simultaneously whether the body 1 that awaits measuring cooperates with spline plug 2, measure body 1 and spline plug 2 and still need satisfy:
when the spline mandrel 2 is matched with a shaft to be measured and simultaneously matched with the measuring body, the external spline 201 is matched with the internal spline 6 at the moment, the connecting shaft is positioned in the blind hole, the lower end face of the guide table 202 can be contacted with the upper end face of the limiting ring or the lower end face of the guide table 202 is separated from the upper end face of the limiting ring by a certain distance, so that the guide table 202 is ensured to fall in the guide hole 101, and when the spline mandrel 2 is used for measuring, the measuring mandrel 2 is ensured to fall by self weight;
the inner diameter of the positioning hole 102 and the outer diameter D of the reference outer circle 5Base ofDesigned according to the principle of containing, the height of the positioning hole 102 is not less than that of the reference excircle 5, so that the reference excircle 5 can be completely removedThe positioning ring is completely matched with the positioning hole 102, the reference excircle 5 is ensured to be coaxial with the positioning hole 102, the limiting ring is positioned in the guide hole 101 at the moment, the lower end face of the limiting ring is attached to the upper end face of the positioning hole 102, and the shaft to be measured is ensured to be stably and reliably arranged on the measuring body 1;
inner diameter D of guide hole 101Guide tubeAnd the outer diameter D of the guide table 202Outer coverSatisfies the design principle of the function gauge, DOuter cover＝DGuide tubeX + F, wherein Z is the coaxiality of the shaft to be measured and given by design, and F is the basic deviation, so that the measurement of the coaxiality of the inner spline 6 of the shaft to be measured on the reference outer circle 5 is completed through the spline core rod 2;
further preferably, a handle which is convenient to take can be designed on the guide table 202, the measuring accuracy is prevented from being influenced by the fact that hands contact the guide table 202 or the external splines 201 in the measuring process, in order to enable the spline mandrel 2 to be taken more stably, the friction coefficient of the handle can be increased, and for example, a plurality of mutually staggered anti-skidding lines are formed on the handle.
In order to facilitate operation and avoid collision between a shaft to be measured and the outside, the bottom of the measuring body 1 is provided with a plurality of support legs 7 to support the measuring body 1, the bottom of the shaft to be measured is not contacted with the bottom surface, meanwhile, the measuring is carried out without being held by an operator, the measuring stability and accuracy are improved, the plurality of support legs 7 are preferably arranged at equal intervals, the number of the support legs 7 is further preferably 3, stable support can be realized, and the number of the support legs 7 is reduced for convenient carrying; stabilizer blade 7 with measure body 1 swing joint, conveniently carry out the dismouting, satisfy the not co-altitude of collocation and wait to measure the axle measuring, preferably stabilizer blade 7 passes through the screw thread and measures body 1 threaded connection.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, different from embodiment 1, the measurement body 1 includes a guide plate 103 and a positioning body 104, a guide hole 101 is formed in the guide plate 103, a positioning hole 102 is formed in the positioning body 104, a reference outer circle 5 is matched with the positioning body 104 through the positioning hole 102, a limit ring is in contact with an upper end face of the positioning body 104 and is located in the guide hole 101 in the guide plate 103, a plurality of corresponding pin holes and threaded holes are formed in the guide plate 103 and the positioning body 104, corresponding pin blocks 3 and screws 4 are connected to the pin holes and the threaded holes, and the guide plate 103 and the positioning body 104 are stably connected through the pin blocks 3 and the screws 4, so that the guide hole 101 and the positioning hole 102 can be coaxially arranged;
the pin holes and the screw holes are arranged at intervals around the circle center of the guide hole 101, the number of the pin holes is 2-4, the pin holes are preferably arranged at intervals, the number of the screw holes is 3-5, and the pin holes are preferably uniformly arranged at intervals.
Claims (10)
1. A blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a measuring body (1) and spline core rods (2) matched with the measuring body (1), wherein at least 3 groups of the spline core rods (2) are provided; the measuring body (1) is sequentially provided with a guide hole (101) and a positioning hole (102) which are coaxially arranged from top to bottom; the spline mandrel (2) comprises an external spline (201) and guide tables (202) coaxial with the external spline (201), and the outer diameters of the guide tables (202) in the 3 groups of spline mandrels (2) are different; the distance between the bottom surface of the external spline (201) and the bottom surface of the guide table (202) is Z1The distance between the top end of the internal spline (6) and the upper end surface of the guide hole (101) is Z2The distance between the bottom end of the internal spline (6) and the upper end surface of the guide hole (101) is Z3Z is the same as2＜Z1＜Z3；
2) Fixing a reference excircle (5) on a shaft to be measured with a measuring body (1) through a positioning hole (102);
3) selecting the maximum coaxiality X given according to the shaft product to be measuredmaxThe designed spline core rod (2) extends the external spline (201) into the blind hole to be matched with the internal spline (5), if the spline core rod (2) is matched with the measuring body (1) at the same time, the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is obtained, and is not less than XmaxTaking out the spline mandrel (2) and carrying out step 4); if the spline core rod (2) is not matched with the measuring body (1), the measurement is stopped, and the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured is more than Xmax；
4) The minimum coaxiality X given according to the shaft product to be measured is selected in the same way as the step 3)minThe designed spline core rod (2) is matched with the shaft to be measured, if the spline core rod (2) is simultaneously matched with the measuring body (2)1) And (4) matching, stopping measurement to obtain the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured, wherein Y is more than 0 and less than or equal to Xmin(ii) a If the spline core rod (2) is not matched with the measuring body (1), taking out the spline core rod (2) and carrying out step 5);
5) selecting the maximum coaxiality XmaxAnd minimum coaxiality XminMiddle coaxiality X betweenmidThe designed spline core rod (2) is matched with the shaft to be measured, if the spline core rod (2) is matched with the measuring body (1), when the spline core rod is between XminAnd XmidA spline core rod (2) with other coaxiality exists between the two, X ismidWhen the new maximum coaxiality is obtained, the step 5) is repeated, otherwise, the measurement is stopped, and the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured meets Xmin＜Y≤Xmid(ii) a If the spline core rod (2) is not matched with the measuring body (1), when the spline core rod is between XmidAnd XmaxA spline core rod (2) with other coaxiality exists between the two, X ismidWhen the new minimum coaxiality is obtained, repeating the step 5), or stopping the measurement to obtain the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured, which meets the requirement Xmid＜Y≤Xmax。
2. The blind spline coaxiality measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter D of the guide hole (101) in 1) is equal to or smaller than the inner diameter D of the guide holeGuide tubeAnd the outer diameter D of the guide table (202)Outer coverSatisfy functional gauge design principle DOuter cover＝DGuide tubeX + F, where X is the coaxiality given by the design of the axis to be measured and F is the fundamental deviation.
3. The blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method according to claim 2, wherein 4 groups of spline core rods (2) with different coaxiality given according to a shaft product to be measured are selected in the step 1).
4. The blind spline coaxiality measuring method according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2), the reference outer circle (5) on the shaft to be measured is matched with the positioning hole (102) so that the reference outer circle (5) is coaxial with the positioning hole (102).
5. The blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 3), the spline core rod (2) is matched with the shaft to be measured, specifically: the external spline (201) extends to a blind hole on a shaft to be measured, and then moves downwards by means of self weight and is matched with the internal spline (6) of the blind hole; the spline core rod (2) is matched with the measuring body (1) specifically as follows: the guide table (202) is positioned in the guide hole (101); the spline core rod (2) is not matched with the measuring body (1) and specifically comprises the following steps: the guide table (202) is located outside the guide hole (101).
6. The blind spline coaxiality measuring method according to claim 5, wherein X in 5) ismidComprising X1And X2Wherein X ismin＜X1＜X2＜XmaxAnd 5) specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting the coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured as X1If the designed spline core rod (2) is matched with the measuring body (1), the measurement is stopped, and the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured meets Xmin＜Y≤X1(ii) a If the spline core rod (2) is not matched with the measuring body (1), selecting the coaxiality given by the shaft product to be measured as X2If the designed spline core rod (2) is matched with the measuring body (1), the measurement is stopped, and the actual coaxiality Y of the blind hole spline of the shaft to be measured meets X1＜Y≤X2(ii) a If the spline core rod (2) is not matched with the measuring body (1), the measurement is stopped to obtain X2＜Y≤Xmax。
7. The blind spline coaxiality measuring method according to claim 6, wherein the coaxiality is X in each case1And X2The selection sequence of the designed spline core rod (2) can be replaced.
8. The measuring device based on the blind hole spline coaxiality measuring method of any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized by comprising a measuring body (1) and at least 3 sets of spline core rods (2) designed according to different coaxiality, wherein the spline core rods are arranged in the measuring body and the spline core rods are arranged in the measuring bodyThe measuring body (1) is provided with a coaxial guide hole (101) and a positioning hole (102) matched with a reference excircle (5) on a shaft to be measured from top to bottom, the spline mandrel (2) comprises an external spline (201) matched with an internal spline (6) on the shaft to be measured and a guide table (202) which is positioned at the end part of the external spline (201) and matched with the guide hole (101), and the external spline (201) and the guide table (202) are coaxially arranged; the height of the positioning hole (102) is not less than that of the reference excircle (5), and the distance Z between the bottom surface of the external spline (201) and the bottom surface of the guide table (202)1The distance Z between the top end of the internal spline (6) and the upper end surface of the guide hole (101)2And the distance Z between the bottom end of the internal spline (6) and the upper end surface of the guide hole (101)3Satisfies the relationship of Z2＜Z1＜Z3。
9. The blind spline coaxiality measuring device according to claim 8, wherein the measuring body (1) comprises a guide plate (103) and a positioning body (104), the guide hole (101) is formed in the guide plate (103), and the positioning hole (102) is formed in the positioning body (104).
10. Blind-spline coaxiality measuring device according to claim 9, wherein the guide plate (103) is connected with the positioning body (104) by means of a pin block (3) and a screw (4), and the positioning body (104) is provided with a plurality of legs (7), the length of the legs (7) being not less than the length of the shaft to be measured.
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| CN115415474A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-12-02 | 重庆旺德福机械有限公司 | Cold extrusion process for internal spline of high-hardness blind hole |
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| CN114353641B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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