CN114353529A - Furnace lining baking method for zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace - Google Patents
Furnace lining baking method for zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN114353529A CN114353529A CN202210034095.3A CN202210034095A CN114353529A CN 114353529 A CN114353529 A CN 114353529A CN 202210034095 A CN202210034095 A CN 202210034095A CN 114353529 A CN114353529 A CN 114353529A
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- furnace
- intermediate frequency
- furnace lining
- lining
- melting
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
- F27D2001/1605—Repairing linings
- F27D2001/161—Hot repair
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a furnace lining baking method of a zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace, which stops production for more than 1h for various reasons, but production equipment can transmit power, and the furnace lining temperature is required to be increased to be more than 650-700 ℃ by baking; stopping production for more than 4 hours, and when the production equipment cannot transmit power to bake the furnace, and during normal production, melting aluminum to bake the furnace; stopping the furnace for a long time, and repairing the furnace lining with high-alumina powder of 200 meshes and 325 meshes before starting the melting, wherein the repairing thickness is 2-3 mm; according to the furnace lining baking method of the zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace, the furnace lining baking curve of the intermediate frequency furnace is divided into three stages, namely the furnace baking stage, the furnace lining semi-sintering stage and the furnace lining complete sintering stage of the intermediate frequency furnace, the operation is simple, and professional workers do not need to operate the furnace lining baking curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a furnace lining baking method of a zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace used in zinc-aluminum alloy production enterprises.
Background
The medium frequency furnace is a power supply device for converting power frequency 50Hz alternating current into medium frequency (more than 300Hz to 1000 Hz), converts three-phase power frequency alternating current into direct current after rectification, converts the direct current into adjustable medium frequency alternating current, supplies the medium frequency alternating current flowing through a capacitor and an induction coil, generates high-density magnetic lines in the induction coil, cuts metal materials contained in the induction coil, generates large eddy current in the metal materials, heats the metal by utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle, and melts the metal into liquid. After the furnace lining of the zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace is knotted, the furnace baking sintering process finally determines the service life of the furnace lining. The radial section of the furnace lining is as follows from inside to outside in sequence: sintered layer, semi-sintered layer, loose layer. The sintered layer is compact and high in hardness, can effectively improve the resistance to the mechanical impact of metal furnace charge and the corrosion of high-temperature molten metal, has a large expansion coefficient, and is easy to form microcracks at low temperature. Since the sintered layer has a large expansion coefficient, microcracks are likely to form at low temperatures. Therefore, the furnace lining is required to be continuously smelted and produced after being sintered theoretically, the furnace lining cannot be stopped in the middle, microcracks are generated on the furnace lining when the temperature of the furnace lining is reduced to room temperature after the furnace lining is stopped, and continuous production cannot be realized in the actual industrial production due to the reasons of equipment, orders, material supply and the like. When the production is restarted again after the furnace is stopped, the furnace penetrating accident is easy to occur.
The thickness of a sintering layer near the top end of the induction coil on the upper part of the furnace lining of the zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace is obviously lower than that of the furnace lining on the lower part. By means of temperature measurement and analysis of the furnace lining in the vertical direction, the middle upper part of the furnace lining does not reach the specified temperature when the middle lower part of the furnace lining reaches the specified temperature. The higher the temperature is, the larger the deviation is, and the maximum temperature difference between the temperature of the middle lower part of the furnace lining and the temperature of the middle upper part of the furnace lining is as high as 80-100 ℃. Resulting in a difference in thickness of the sintered layer on the upper portion of the furnace lining. The lining sintering of the intermediate frequency furnace is heated by an induction coil. The height Hx of the induction coil is smaller than the height Hc of the furnace lining, the part of the furnace lining with the height difference (delta H = Hc-Hx) is not completely heated by induction, but heated by conduction, and the heat dissipation of the upper part of the furnace mouth is fast. Therefore, the casting temperature has deviation, and the thickness of the sintering layer of the furnace lining at the height difference part is smaller than that of the sintering layer in the height range of the induction coil.
A key problem of the zinc melting of the intermediate frequency furnace is the selection of the furnace lining material. According to investigation, most enterprises use the intermediate frequency furnace for smelting steel and iron metal liquid, individual enterprises use the intermediate frequency furnace for smelting aluminum and manganese alloy, and few enterprises use the intermediate frequency furnace for smelting zinc liquid, so that no mature furnace lining material can be used for reference. On one hand, the furnace lining material of the intermediate frequency furnace is required to be sintered at high temperature before use, so that the furnace lining forms a sintered layer, the sintering temperature is generally above 1400 ℃, but the melting point of zinc is only 420 ℃, the boiling point temperature is 907 ℃, and the sintering requirement cannot be met. On the other hand, the sintering layer of the lining material for smelting steel is an enamel layer, fine cracks can be generated on the sintering layer when the temperature is lower than 500 ℃, and the fine cracks can be closed only when the temperature reaches more than 1000 ℃, so that the lining material can be normally used after the fine cracks are closed for safety, and the smelting temperature of zinc alloy is only about 500 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a furnace lining baking method of a zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace, which can ensure that the furnace lining does not generate micro cracks and ensure the normal production.
The invention establishes the cold furnace melting starting production process specification: a furnace lining baking method of a zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace comprises the following specific operation steps: firstly, production shutdown and furnace shutdown are carried out for various reasons: stopping production for more than 1h, but production equipment can transmit power, and a furnace is required to be baked to increase the temperature of a furnace lining, so that the temperature of the furnace lining is ensured to be more than 650-700 ℃; stopping production for more than 4 hours, and when the production equipment cannot transmit power to bake the furnace, and during normal production, melting aluminum to bake the furnace; the aluminum melting furnace is dried according to the process curve shown in figure 1; secondly, starting a cooling furnace: when the furnace is stopped for a long time, the condition of the furnace lining is checked by adopting a method of removing the surface of the furnace lining, the furnace lining is repaired by using high-alumina powder 200-325 meshes before melting, and the repairing thickness is 2-3 mm; thirdly, the operational key points of the process curve of the aluminum melting oven are as follows: taking a 1.5t intermediate frequency furnace as an example: reading the intermediate frequency furnace power meter to be 40-50kW in the first 30 minutes, slowly heating to 400 ℃, and discharging moisture in the furnace lining at the stage; secondly, the operating power of the intermediate frequency furnace is increased, the power meter reading of the intermediate frequency furnace is 80-100kW, the temperature is increased to 750-800 ℃, the measured temperature is the temperature of the furnace wall, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours, so that the loosening and cracking of the refractory material of the furnace lining during the furnace drying are mainly avoided; thirdly, taking out the steel ingot of the furnace, adding electrolytic aluminum into the furnace, adjusting the power knob to 350-380kW during melting, and strictly keeping the power knob to 300kW when a molten pool appears; fourthly, heating to 880-900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, and discharging to prepare zinc melting.
The invention is implemented to better solve the problems of furnace shutdown accidents (commonly called furnace passing accidents) caused by the fact that impurity iron exceeds standard and zinc liquid passes through a furnace lining from a furnace lining crack to be short-circuited with an induction coil of the intermediate frequency furnace when the intermediate frequency furnace is used for melting zinc, and particularly, the service life of the furnace lining is prolonged from 140 heats at the lowest to 1100 heats at the highest, the service life of the average furnace lining exceeds 1000 heats, and the service life of the furnace lining is prolonged by more than 7 times. Compared with a natural gas furnace for melting zinc, the intermediate frequency furnace has less zinc oxidation burning loss. When the natural gas furnace is used for melting zinc, the oxidation burning loss is 1.5-2.0%, while when the medium frequency furnace is used for melting zinc, the oxidation burning loss is about 0.5%.
The invention is suitable for zinc-aluminum alloy production enterprises of the same type, and because the intermediate frequency furnace lining material is expensive, the furnace building and baking time is long, and the like, the improvement of the service life of the furnace lining is worthy of the enterprise. However, sometimes the furnace lining is likely to be penetrated by the molten zinc for one more use, and the consequence is serious and even endangers the safety of equipment and personnel. Production practices prove that the invention effectively prolongs the service life of the zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace lining, meets the requirements of good thermal stability, small thermal expansion coefficient, stable temperature and the like of the furnace lining, prevents the furnace lining from cracking due to nonuniform heating, does not deform due to severe expansion and contraction, can be suitable for the production requirements of similar enterprises, has obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit, and has higher practical value and popularization significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process curve of an aluminum furnace.
Detailed Description
A furnace lining baking method of a zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace comprises the following specific operation steps:
firstly, production shutdown and furnace shutdown are carried out for various reasons: stopping production for more than 1h, but production equipment can transmit power, and a furnace is required to be baked to increase the temperature of a furnace lining, so that the temperature of the furnace lining is ensured to be more than 650-700 ℃; stopping production for more than 4 hours, and when the production equipment cannot transmit power to bake the furnace, and during normal production, melting aluminum to bake the furnace; the aluminum melting furnace is dried according to the process curve shown in figure 1;
secondly, starting a cooling furnace: when the furnace is stopped for a long time, the condition of the furnace lining is checked by adopting a method of removing the surface of the furnace lining, the furnace lining is repaired by using high-alumina powder 200-325 meshes before melting, and the repairing thickness is 2-3 mm;
thirdly, the operational key points of the process curve of the aluminum melting oven are as follows:
taking a 1.5t intermediate frequency furnace as an example: reading the intermediate frequency furnace power meter to be 40-50kW in the first 30 minutes, slowly heating to 400 ℃, and discharging moisture in the furnace lining at the stage;
secondly, the operating power of the intermediate frequency furnace is increased, the power meter reading of the intermediate frequency furnace is 80-100kW, the temperature is increased to 750-800 ℃, the measured temperature is the temperature of the furnace wall, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours, so that the loosening and cracking of the refractory material of the furnace lining during the furnace drying are mainly avoided;
thirdly, taking out the steel ingot of the furnace, adding electrolytic aluminum into the furnace, adjusting the power knob to 350-380kW during melting, and strictly keeping the power knob to 300kW when a molten pool appears;
fourthly, heating to 880-900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, and discharging to prepare zinc melting.
According to the furnace lining baking method of the zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace, the furnace lining baking curve of the intermediate frequency furnace is divided into three stages, namely the furnace baking stage, the furnace lining semi-sintering stage and the furnace lining complete sintering stage of the intermediate frequency furnace, the operation is simple, and professional workers do not need to operate the furnace lining baking curve.
The semi-sintering layer is made of a refractory material which is not completely sintered, has higher strength and hardness, plays a role in supporting the sintering layer, and is gradually converted into the sintering layer from inside to outside after the original sintering layer is gradually eroded in the validity period of the furnace lining. The loose layer is made of non-sintered refractory materials, plays a role in buffering the expansion of the furnace lining during smelting, has the largest radial displacement under the action of metal hydrostatic pressure during the expansion of the sintered layer at high temperature, relieves the stripping of the sintered layer due to the buffering function of the loose layer, and prolongs the service life of the furnace lining.
Claims (1)
1. A furnace lining baking method of a zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace is characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps: firstly, production shutdown and furnace shutdown are carried out for various reasons: stopping production for more than 1h, but production equipment can transmit power, and a furnace is required to be baked to increase the temperature of a furnace lining, so that the temperature of the furnace lining is ensured to be more than 650-700 ℃; stopping production for more than 4 hours, and when the production equipment cannot transmit power to bake the furnace, and during normal production, melting aluminum to bake the furnace; the aluminum melting furnace is dried according to the process curve shown in figure 1; secondly, starting a cooling furnace: when the furnace is stopped for a long time, the condition of the furnace lining is checked by adopting a method of removing the surface of the furnace lining, the furnace lining is repaired by using high-alumina powder 200-325 meshes before melting, and the repairing thickness is 2-3 mm; thirdly, the operational key points of the process curve of the aluminum melting oven are as follows: taking a 1.5t intermediate frequency furnace as an example: reading the intermediate frequency furnace power meter to be 40-50kW in the first 30 minutes, slowly heating to 400 ℃, and discharging moisture in the furnace lining at the stage; secondly, the operating power of the intermediate frequency furnace is increased, the power meter reading of the intermediate frequency furnace is 80-100kW, the temperature is increased to 750-800 ℃, the measured temperature is the temperature of the furnace wall, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours, so that the loosening and cracking of the refractory material of the furnace lining during the furnace drying are mainly avoided; thirdly, taking out the steel ingot of the furnace, adding electrolytic aluminum into the furnace, adjusting the power knob to 350-380kW during melting, and strictly keeping the power knob to 300kW when a molten pool appears; fourthly, heating to 880-900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, and discharging to prepare zinc melting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210034095.3A CN114353529A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Furnace lining baking method for zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210034095.3A CN114353529A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Furnace lining baking method for zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace |
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| CN114353529A true CN114353529A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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| CN202210034095.3A Pending CN114353529A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Furnace lining baking method for zinc melting intermediate frequency furnace |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1522902A (en) * | 1967-05-12 | 1968-04-26 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | Process for refining metals |
| CN101216252A (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2008-07-09 | 株洲冶炼集团股份有限公司 | Large power electric stove induction apparatus rehabilitate method |
| CN102206085A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-10-05 | 上海理工大学 | Novel furnace lining material used for smelting copper alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN103994663A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-08-20 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Method for prolonging service life of furnace lining of medium-frequency induction furnace |
| CN104089482A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-10-08 | 白银有色集团股份有限公司 | Core-free electric furnace baking device and furnace baking process making use of core-free electric furnace baking device |
| CN107326201A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-11-07 | 鄂州市金刚石技术研发中心 | A kind of furnace drying method of prealloy powder melting new intermediate frequency furnace |
| CN108398027A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-08-14 | 鞍钢实业集团有限公司原燃料生产服务分公司 | A kind of acieral intermediate frequency furnace bilayer furnace lining and preparation method thereof |
| CN110553506A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-12-10 | 河南豫光锌业有限公司 | Maintenance method for furnace top lining of zinc smelting roasting furnace |
-
2022
- 2022-01-12 CN CN202210034095.3A patent/CN114353529A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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