CN114342857A - Cold water fish mountainous area flowing water ecological breeding system - Google Patents
Cold water fish mountainous area flowing water ecological breeding system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342857A CN114342857A CN202111636804.7A CN202111636804A CN114342857A CN 114342857 A CN114342857 A CN 114342857A CN 202111636804 A CN202111636804 A CN 202111636804A CN 114342857 A CN114342857 A CN 114342857A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological breeding system, which comprises a water inlet system, a breeding system, a purification system and a drainage system, wherein the water inlet system is connected with the breeding system; the water inlet system comprises a water diversion platform and a water pretreatment pool, wherein a water inlet channel is arranged between the water pretreatment pool and the water diversion platform, and a water retaining dam is arranged on the water inlet channel; the culture system comprises a culture pond, a temporary culture pond and an oxygen supply facility, wherein a water outlet channel is arranged between the water pretreatment pond and the culture pond, and a barrier net is arranged in the culture pond; the purification system comprises a floating bed purification area arranged in the water outlet area of the culture pond, a filtering purification pond connected with the culture pond and a plant purification area; the drainage system comprises a drainage facility arranged in a floating bed purification area of the culture pond, a drainage facility of the filtering and purifying pond and a drainage facility of the plant purification area. The method can efficiently utilize cold-soaking stream water resources in mountainous areas to culture the cold-water rare fishes, and has the advantages of small land area, low construction cost, long service cycle, high culture yield per unit area, good product quality, standard discharged culture tail water and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a cold water fish mountainous area flowing water ecological culture system.
Background
The available aquaculture land in mountainous areas is few, water resources are deficient, and a plurality of inherent adverse conditions exist for developing aquaculture. However, the mountainous area can utilize the cold soaking water resource of the mountain spring to develop cold water fish running water ecological breeding, and a breeding system has the advantages of small occupied area, high land utilization rate, good running water quality, high dissolved oxygen, high fish yield, good quality and high benefit.
The national regulation and control requirements for the discharge of the tail water of the aquaculture become stricter day by day, the Ministry of agriculture promulgates the implementation of the requirements for the discharge of the tail water of SC/T9101-2007 fresh water ponds in 2007, the governments of Hunan province and Jiangsu province successively approve the implementation of the mandatory local standard DB 43/1752-2020-for-aquaculture tail water pollutant discharge standard and DB 32/4043-for-2021-for-pond aquaculture tail water discharge standard, and the regulation that the tail water of the aquaculture such as ponds, factory-protected fishery and the like can be discharged only when reaching the standard.
The current running water ecological breeding technology can not meet the discharge requirements of breeding tail water of countries and local outlets, for example, Chinese patent with application number of CN 109937949A discloses a running water circulation fish breeding system, which comprises a water tank and a breeding area, wherein the breeding area comprises an incubation area, a juvenile fish area and a adult fish area, a water supply pipeline, a water distribution device, an air conduit and the like, the water consumption can be effectively reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, the dual effects of water distribution and oxygen supply are realized, the cost is reduced, but the running water breeding system has low field utilization rate, the quantity of bred fishes is small, no water quality purification device is provided, the water quality is increasingly poor after water circulation, and the fishes are easy to attack.
For example, the chinese patent with application number CN 110150217a discloses a low-carbon high-efficiency circulating water ecological breeding system, which comprises a first breeding area and a second breeding area, and is provided with a water pushing machine, a water pushing plate, an aerator and a blocking net to realize the function of water pushing flow circulation breeding.
For example, the Chinese patent with the application number of CN 106550922A discloses a low-carbon high-efficiency pond circulating flow water culture system, which comprises a water storage tank, a fish pond and a fish dung pond, and is provided with an oxygen dissolving machine, a jet pump, a baffle plate, a water inlet pipe and the like, so that the water-dissolved oxygen in the fish pond is increased, the activity of fish fries is increased, the resistance to bacteria and diseases is enhanced, water resources are saved, and the cost is reduced. However, the water culture system does not consider the purification of culture water, the water quality indexes such as total phosphorus, total nitrogen and the like are rapidly increased under the high-density high-feeding intensive culture condition, and the discharge requirement cannot be met if the culture tail water is directly discharged.
The circulating water aquaculture technology which can meet the national environmental protection requirements faces the problem that large-area popularization and application are difficult to realize in mountainous areas, such as: (1) the construction cost is high, the return period is long, the requirement on the culture technical level is high, and the entry threshold of farmers is high; (2) the area of a water area needing to be matched and purified is large, about 1: 10, and the mountain area is difficult to have popularization conditions; (3) the water body flow needs power drive, and the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the cold water fish mountain area running water ecological culture system which can utilize cold soaking water resources in mountain areas, has small occupied area, low construction cost, good water body self-flowing effect, high culture density, low culture cost, excellent fish quality and standard discharge of culture tail water, and aims to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The invention solves the technical problem, and adopts the following technical scheme:
a cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological breeding system comprises a water inlet system, a breeding system, a purification system and a drainage system; the water inlet system comprises a water diversion platform and a water pretreatment pool, wherein a water inlet channel is arranged between the water pretreatment pool and the water diversion platform, and a water retaining dam is arranged on the water inlet channel; the culture system comprises a culture pond, a temporary culture pond and an oxygen supply facility, wherein a water outlet channel is arranged between the water pretreatment pond and the culture pond, and a barrier net is arranged in the culture pond; the purification system comprises a floating bed purification area arranged in the water outlet area of the culture pond, a filtering purification pond connected with the culture pond and a plant purification area; the drainage system comprises a drainage facility arranged in a floating bed purification area of the culture pond, a drainage facility of the filtering and purifying pond and a drainage facility of the plant purification area.
The diversion platform is a cement dam built on the stream, and an overflow port is reserved in the middle of the diversion platform.
The water pretreatment tank is provided with a reticular intercepting bag at a water inlet connected with the water inlet channel, or is provided with a reticular intercepting bag at a water inlet connected with the water inlet channel and is provided with a quicklime or bleaching powder hanging bag in the water pretreatment tank.
The culture pond comprises a multi-stage pond group capable of gradually reducing water, each stage of pond group is formed by connecting a plurality of single ponds, a water inlet area of all the single ponds in the uppermost stage of pond group and a water outlet area of all the single ponds in the lowermost stage of pond group are respectively provided with a common water passing groove, a common water passing groove is arranged between the water outlet area of all the single ponds in the upper stage of pond group and the water inlet area of all the single ponds in the lower stage of pond group, the water passing groove of the water inlet area of the uppermost stage of pond group is connected with a water outlet channel, the water passing groove of the water outlet area of the lowermost stage of pond group is connected with a filtering and purifying pond, and the water passing groove is provided with a water passing hole; the water draining facility of the culture pond comprises a bottom draining pipe and a water draining channel communicated with the bottom draining pipe.
The oxygen supply facility comprises a Roots blower, gas pipes and an oxygen increasing disc, the oxygen increasing disc is arranged at the bottom of each single pond of the culture pond, the Roots blower is connected with the oxygen increasing disc through the gas pipes, and the single pond of each culture pond is arranged at the interval of 20m2Configuring an oxygenation plate; or an oxygen increasing pipe is used for replacing the oxygen increasing disc.
The invention also comprises a sun-shading facility arranged along the edges of the culture pond, the temporary culture pond and the filtering and purifying pond, wherein the sun-shading facility is of a color steel tile greenhouse structure, or the sun-shading facility adopts an antirust treatment iron pipe and is paved with a sun-shading net structure.
The area of floating bed purifying area separates for 6% of breeding the pond area by establishing the stainless steel frame in breeding the pond, it floats the bed material and floats the bed plant to be equipped with in the floating bed purifying area, floats the bed material and be plastics PE, cement + foam material, floats the bed plant and chooses aquatic plants such as canna indica, reed, calamus or water spinach, watercress for use.
The material of the barrier net is transparent or black polyethylene plastic grids or stainless steel grids; the blocking net is bound on the stainless steel frame
The filtering and purifying pond is provided with a water passing area, a horizontal flow area communicated with the water passing area and a water passing groove communicated with the water outlet of the horizontal flow area, and the water inlet of the water passing area is communicated with the water passing opening of the water passing groove of the water outlet area of the lowest pond group of the culture pond; a longitudinal filter wall and a transverse filter wall are arranged in the water passing area to form a snakelike water flow channel so as to increase the flow of water, a plurality of filter screens which are arranged in a staggered mode are arranged in the advection area, the filter walls are made of hollow bricks, volcanic rocks, ceramic granules and other materials are filled in the walls to adsorb suspended matters, and a thrown biobased or biological floc can be attached to the filter screens; the drainage facility of the filtering and purifying tank comprises a water surface discharge port arranged in a water passing tank communicated with the water outlet of the horizontal flow area and a drainage channel communicated with the water surface discharge port.
The plant purification area is internally provided with purification plants, and the purification plants are hydrilla verticillata and emergent aquatic plants; if the plant purification area is a paddy field, the purified plant is paddy rice; the drainage facility of the plant purification area comprises a drainage pipe.
Advantageous effects of the invention
The system builds a step culture pond according to the natural terrain in the mountainous area, drains cold-soaked spring water to carry out self-flowing type running water culture, and does not need kinetic energy to pump water to drive running water. Because the system is used for cutting off stream drainage water for cultivation, and the stream is purified and discharged into an original stream ditch after reaching the standard, the flowing water volume is large, and certain specificity is achieved: (1) considering the water flow and the flow speed, the water flow is larger particularly in the mountainous area rich water period in summer; (2) long-term sampling of the discharged tail water and water quality detection are combined, the constant flow water does not need to be purified in three stages, the water can be normally discharged after reaching the standard, and the constant flow water can be discharged after reaching the standard by being subjected to multi-stage purification treatment only when dirt adhered to the position of the blocking net is cleaned; (3) two sets of drainage pipelines are designed and are divided into an overflow surface drainage pipeline and a water treatment bottom drainage pipeline.
According to the invention, cold-soaked stream resources in mountainous areas can be efficiently utilized to breed cold-water rare fishes, the problem that people in mountainous areas eat fishes difficultly is solved, high-grade hotels in nearby supply peripheral areas and rural marriage happiness and feast are not worried about selling; has the advantages of small land area, low construction cost, long service cycle, high content of flowing water dissolved oxygen, high culture yield per unit area, less morbidity, less drug consumption, good product quality, high economic benefit, standard discharged culture tail water quality and the like.
The invention conforms to the development direction and concept of high-efficiency facility fishery and standard discharge of aquaculture tail water in rural areas of agriculture, conforms to the regulatory requirements of national environmental protection departments, and can be used as a reference template for aquaculture in mountainous areas.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic elevation layout of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-3, the cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological breeding system provided by the invention comprises a water inlet system, a breeding system, a purification system and a drainage system; the water inlet system comprises a water diversion platform 1 and a water pretreatment tank 4, wherein a water inlet channel 3 is arranged between the water pretreatment tank 4 and the water diversion platform 1, and a water retaining dam 2 is arranged on the water inlet channel 3; the culture system comprises a culture pond 9, a temporary culture pond 16, an oxygen supply facility and a sunshade facility 17, wherein a water outlet channel 3' is arranged between the water pretreatment pond 4 and the culture pond 9, and a blocking net 15 is arranged in the culture pond 9; the purification system comprises a floating bed purification area 13 arranged in a water outlet area of the culture pond 9, a filtering and purifying pond 18 connected with the culture pond 9 and a plant purification area 11; the drainage system comprises drainage facilities arranged in a floating bed purification area 13 of the culture pond 9, drainage facilities of a filtering and purifying pond 18 and drainage facilities of a plant purification area 11.
The above technical solution can be further optimized as follows:
the diversion platform 1 is a cement dam with the height of 30-50cm built on a stream, is slightly higher than the highest water level in autumn, and is provided with an overflow port with the height of 10cm and the width of 50cm in the middle.
The base of the water inlet channel 3 and the water outlet channel 3' is set against the mountain and is formed by piling stones between the mountains, which is firm and low in cost, wherein the water inlet channel 3 can be provided with 1 main channel and 1 auxiliary channel, which increases the source of water source, increases the water inlet quantity, reduces the influence of reducing the quantity of stream water in autumn and winter.
The retaining dam 2 can be one or two to reduce the impact force of flowing water on the water inlet channel 3 in high water level in summer and protect the water inlet channel 3 from being washed down by summer flood.
The water pretreatment tank 4 is of a semi-elliptical structure, a 5-10m long reticular intercepting bag 22 is arranged at a water inlet connected with the water inlet channel 3 of the water pretreatment tank 4 and is used for intercepting sundries such as branches and leaves in water, an overflow pipe with the diameter of 100mm is arranged at the lowest position of the middle terrain and is used for overflowing when the water level is too high, and water flow at the outlet is converged into the water outlet channel 3'; a quicklime or bleaching powder hanging bag can be arranged in the water pretreatment tank 4 to disinfect the water body.
The culture pond 9 comprises a plurality of multi-stage pond groups capable of gradually lowering water, each stage of pond group is composed of a plurality of single ponds which are connected in series, and the area of each single pond is 80-120 m2The water inlet areas of all the single pools in the uppermost-stage pool group and the water outlet areas of all the single pools in the lowermost-stage pool group are respectively provided with a common water passing groove 5, a common water passing groove 5 is arranged between the water outlet areas of all the single pools in the upper-stage pool group and the water inlet areas of all the single pools in the lower-stage pool group,the water passing groove 5 of the water inlet area of the uppermost stage of the tank group is connected with the water outlet channel 3', the water passing groove 5 of the water outlet area of the lowermost stage of the tank group is connected with the filtering and purifying tank 18, and the water passing groove 5 is provided with a water passing opening 8; the drainage facility of the culture pond 9 comprises a bottom drain pipe 14 and a drainage channel 12 communicated with the bottom drain pipe 14.
The culture pond 9 is of a brick-concrete structure, cement is coated, the length is 15-20m, the width is 4-6m, the height is 1.2-1.5m, each stage of pond group is 3-5 single ponds according to the vacant area, each stage of pond group is divided into a first-stage pond group, a second-stage pond group, a third-stage pond group and a fourth-stage pond group according to the terrain drop, the drop of each stage of pond group is 30-40cm, and the step-by-step automatic flowing is realized without kinetic energy driving.
The temporary culture pond 16 can be provided with a plurality of single ponds which are arranged outside the culture pond 9 according to the open space area, and each single pond is 10-20 m2Temporarily foster and reserve the fishes for sale, and facilitate the visiting, displaying and fishing operations of the customers.
The water passing tank 5 is a water tank with the width of 50-70cm and is used for water collection and passing and two-stage tank group fall buffer transition.
The water passing opening 8 is a square notch of 20-25cm and is used for overflowing water.
The water passing openings 8 on the water passing grooves 5 can be replaced by embedded water inlet pipes and water discharging pipes, or the water passing openings 8 of the water passing grooves 5 in the uppermost-stage pool water inlet area of the culture pond 9 are replaced by the embedded water inlet pipes in consideration of water inflow, so that water can be normally passed when low water is ensured.
The oxygen supply facility comprises a Roots blower 6, a gas pipe 7 and an oxygenation disc 10, the oxygenation disc 10 is arranged at the bottom of each single pond of the culture pond 9, the Roots blower 6 is connected with the oxygenation disc 10 through the gas pipe 7, and each single pond is arranged at a distance of 20m2An oxygenation disk 10 is configured; an oxygen increasing pipe may be used instead of the oxygen increasing disk 10.
The sunshade facility 17 is of a color steel tile greenhouse structure, is arranged along the edges of the culture pond 9, the temporary culture pond 16 and the filtering and purifying pond 18, and is used for shading the sun and reducing the temperature in high-temperature seasons in summer to maintain the proper growth temperature of cold water fishes; the sun-shading facility 17 can also be constructed by laying a sun-shading net with an iron pipe subjected to rust-proof treatment, has similar sun-shading effect, and can be conveniently disassembled in winter so as to prevent rain and snow from collapsing.
The superficial bed clean area 13 is established at breed 9 rear portions in the pond, and the area is for breeding 6% of pond 9 area, separates by establishing in breeding the pond 9 with the stainless steel frame of breeding 9 height and form, be equipped with superficial bed material and superficial bed plant in the superficial bed clean area 13, the superficial bed material is plastics PE, cement + foam material etc. and the superficial bed plant chooses for use aquatic plants such as canna, reed, calamus or vegetables such as water spinach, watercress.
The barrier net 15 is made of transparent or black polyethylene plastic grids and can also be made of stainless steel grids; the blocking net 15 is bound on the stainless steel frame and used for collecting excrement, dirt and feed residue.
The filtering and purifying pond 18 is provided with a water passing area 25, a horizontal flow area 26 communicated with the water passing area 25 and a water passing groove 5 communicated with the water outlet of the horizontal flow area 26, and the water inlet of the water passing area 25 is communicated with the water passing opening 8 of the water passing groove 5 of the water outlet area of the lowest-stage pond group of the culture pond 9; a longitudinal filter wall 21 and a transverse filter wall 21' are arranged in the water passing area 25 to form a snake-shaped water flow channel so as to increase the water flow, a plurality of filter screens 24 which are arranged in a staggered mode are arranged in the advection area 26, the filter walls are made of 21 hollow bricks, materials such as volcanic rocks and ceramic granules are filled in the walls to adsorb suspended matters, and the filter screens 24 can be attached with thrown biological bases or biological floccules; the drainage facility of the filtration and purification tank 18 comprises a water surface discharge port 20 provided in the water passing tank 5 in water communication with the outflow of the advection area 26, and a drainage channel 19 in communication with the water surface discharge port 20.
The plant purification area 11 is internally provided with purification plants, and the purification plants are hydrilla verticillata and emergent aquatic plants; if the plant purification area 11 is a paddy field, the purified plant is paddy rice; the drainage facility of the plant purification zone 11 comprises a drain 23.
Mountain spring water is guided to flow through the water inlet channel 3 by the water guide platform 1, leaves impurities are removed in the water pretreatment tank 4, the water enters the stepped culture tank 9, air is fed by the roots blower 6, the air delivery pipe 7 and the oxygenation disc 10 for oxygenation, and the sun shading facility 17 shades the sun and cools; flowing water overflows from a water passing port 8 in a water passing groove 5 in a water inlet area of the uppermost stage of the pond group of the culture pond 9 and enters each single pond, the flowing water gradually decreases along with the terrain of each stage of pond group of the culture pond 9, the inlet water of each single pond is intercepted by a blocking net 15 and purified by a floating bed purification area 13 and then converges into the water passing groove 5 in a water outlet area, the outlet water of the lowermost stage of pond of the culture pond 9 enters a water passing area 25 and a horizontal flow area 26 of a filtering and purifying pond 18 through the water groove 5 for purification, and finally converges into a drainage channel 19 from a water surface discharge port 20 and is discharged into a stream ditch; the dirt settled in the floating bed purification area 13 flows into the drainage channel 12 from the bottom drainage pipe 14, enters the plant purification area 11, and is discharged into a stream channel through the drainage pipe 23 of the plant purification area 11 after being purified to reach the standard.
When the cultured fishes in the culture pond 9 are the same fishes, the fish fries distributed in the pond groups of all levels are small in specification and cultured in the pond groups of the first level, the fishes with middle specification are cultured in the pond groups of the second level, and the finished fishes with large specification are cultured in the pond groups of the third level.
The breed fish variety of breeding the pond 9 is different, for implementing the special pond of fixed point and breed or avoid taking place the fish disease infection, can take and cross two adjacent ponds department in the basin 5 at each level and set up a breakwater, prevent flowing water transverse flow in crossing the basin 5, can only vertically breed pond single line towards next stage and flow to the pond water that realizes that each level erects to be listed as and breeds the pond does not intersect.
When a certain pool of the culture pool 9 has fish diseases, the baffle plate can be arranged in front of the water passing opening of the water passing groove at the upper level of the pool to block water from entering the water passing opening of the pool, so that the whole pool is soaked and disinfected, and after the medicated bath time is over, the baffle plate is removed to recover the water.
According to the cultivation practice of the mountainous area running water ecological cultivation system in 2021 years, in 9 months of the maximum fish carrying density of the cultivation pond 9, drainage water samples of the drainage channel 19 and the drainage pipe 23 are respectively collected and sent to a third party detection mechanism to detect the water quality, and the results are respectively pH values of 7.11 and 7.29, total phosphorus of 0.07 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L, total nitrogen of 1.66 mg/L and 2.02 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen of 0.43 mg/L and 0.81 mg/L, and permanganate indexes of 0.78 mg/L and 3.55 mg/L. The quality of the discharged water meets the discharge standard of DB 43/1752 and 2020 tail water pollutants for aquaculture and the discharge standard of DB 32/4043 and 2021 pond culture tail water.
The water quality detection kit can be used for manual detection, and the water quality automatic detector can also be configured, the probe is installed, and the central control equipment is used for detecting the water quality in real time.
According to the cultivation practice of the mountain running water ecological cultivation system 2020-2021, the area of a single cultivation pond is 80-120 m2The suitable bearing capacity of the single-pond cultured fish is about 3000kg, the average selling price of the single-pond cultured fish for culturing cold water fishes such as hybrid sturgeons and tinca is 40 yuan/kg, the selling income of the single-pond cultured fish is 120000 yuan, the main culture cost of the mountainous area running water ecological culture system is feed, labor cost, electric charge and land circulation rent, the culture cost is basically stabilized at about 25 yuan/kg, the culture cost of the single-pond cultured fish is 75000 yuan, and the profit of the single-pond fish is about 45000 yuan. According to the conversion of the area of the single pond to 100 square meters, the pure profit of the mountain flowing water ecological breeding system is about 450 yuan per square meter, and compared with the traditional flowing water ecological breeding system, the profit is improved by more than 50%.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological breeding system is characterized by comprising a water inlet system, a breeding system, a purification system and a drainage system; the water inlet system comprises a water diversion platform and a water pretreatment pool, wherein a water inlet channel is arranged between the water pretreatment pool and the water diversion platform, and a water retaining dam is arranged on the water inlet channel; the culture system comprises a culture pond, a temporary culture pond and an oxygen supply facility, wherein a water outlet channel is arranged between the water pretreatment pond and the culture pond, and a barrier net is arranged in the culture pond; the purification system comprises a floating bed purification area arranged in the water outlet area of the culture pond, a filtering purification pond connected with the culture pond and a plant purification area; the drainage system comprises a drainage facility arranged in a floating bed purification area of the culture pond, a drainage facility of the filtering and purifying pond and a drainage facility of the plant purification area.
2. The cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological culture system of claim 1, wherein the diversion platform is a cement dam built on a stream, and an overflow port is reserved in the middle.
3. The cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological aquaculture system of claim 1, wherein the water pretreatment tank is provided with a mesh-shaped interception bag at a water inlet connected with the water inlet channel, or is provided with a mesh-shaped interception bag at a water inlet connected with the water inlet channel and a quicklime or bleaching powder hanging bag in the water pretreatment tank.
4. The cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breeding pond comprises a multi-stage pond group for gradually reducing water, each stage pond group is composed of a plurality of single ponds in a row, the water inlet areas of all the single ponds in the uppermost stage pond group and the water outlet areas of all the single ponds in the lowermost stage pond group are respectively provided with a common water passing groove, a common water passing groove is arranged between the water outlet areas of all the single ponds in the upper stage pond group and the water inlet areas of all the single ponds in the lower stage pond group, the water passing groove of the water inlet area of the uppermost stage pond group is connected with a water outlet channel, the water passing groove of the water outlet area of the lowermost stage pond group is connected with a filtering and purifying pond, and the water passing groove is provided with a water passing hole; the water draining facility of the culture pond comprises a bottom draining pipe and a water draining channel communicated with the bottom draining pipe.
5. The ecological mountainous running water fish culture system with cold water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxygen supply facilities comprise roots blowers, air delivery pipes and oxygen increasing disks, the oxygen increasing disks are arranged at the bottom of each single pond of the culture pond, the roots blowers are connected with the oxygen increasing disks through the air delivery pipes, and the number of the single ponds of each culture pond is 20m per unit pond2Configuring an oxygenation plate; or an oxygen increasing pipe is used for replacing the oxygen increasing disc.
6. The cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological culture system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a sun-shading facility arranged along the edges of the culture pond, the temporary culture pond and the filtering and purifying pond, wherein the sun-shading facility is a color steel tile greenhouse structure, or a sun-shading net structure is laid by the sun-shading facility by using an anti-rust treatment iron pipe.
7. The cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological culture system according to claim 1, wherein the area of the floating bed purification area is 6% of the area of the culture pond, the floating bed purification area is separated by a stainless steel frame arranged in the culture pond, a floating bed material and floating bed plants are arranged in the floating bed purification area, the floating bed material is plastic PE, cement and foam material, and the floating bed plants are selected from canna, reed, calamus and other aquatic plants or water spinach and watercress.
8. The cold water fish mountainous area flowing water ecological culture system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the barrier net is made of transparent or black polyethylene plastic grids or stainless steel grids; the blocking net is bound on the stainless steel frame.
9. The cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological culture system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the filtering and purifying tank is provided with a water passing area, a horizontal flow area communicated with the water passing area and a water passing tank communicated with the water outlet of the horizontal flow area, and the water inlet of the water passing area is communicated with the water passing port of the water passing tank of the water outlet area of the lowest pond group of the culture tank; a longitudinal filter wall and a transverse filter wall are arranged in the water passing area to form a snakelike water flow channel so as to increase the flow of water, a plurality of filter screens which are arranged in a staggered mode are arranged in the advection area, the filter walls are made of hollow bricks, volcanic rocks and ceramsite materials are filled in the walls to adsorb suspended matters, and a thrown biobased or biological floc can be attached to the filter screens; the drainage facility of the filtering and purifying tank comprises a water surface discharge port arranged in a water passing tank communicated with the water outlet of the horizontal flow area and a drainage channel communicated with the water surface discharge port.
10. The cold water fish mountainous area running water ecological breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein purification plants are arranged in the plant purification area, and the purification plants are hydrilla verticillata and emergent aquatic plants; if the plant purification area is a paddy field, the purified plant is paddy rice; the drainage facility of the plant purification area comprises a drainage pipe.
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