CN114342740A - Edible fungus culture medium and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Edible fungus culture medium and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an edible fungus culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the edible fungus culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60-80% of camellia seed shells, 8-15% of bran, 8-15% of corncobs, 2-8% of camellia seed meal and 0.5-2% of lime. From the aspect of cost saving and gain, on the basis of fully utilizing agricultural wastes, namely the camellia seed shells, the bran, the corncobs, the camellia seed meal and the lime are added for compounding, and the use amount of each raw material is adjusted to fully exert the synergistic effect of the components to prepare the edible fungus culture medium. The culture medium is used for culturing the edible fungi, and multiple parameters in the culture process are further optimized, so that the yield and the quality of the edible fungi are obviously improved, the production cost of edible fungi culture is reduced, and the culture medium has important significance for sustainable development of edible fungi culture in agricultural production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus culture, and particularly relates to an edible fungus culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The edible fungus refers to edible fungus (large fungi) with large fruiting body; the mushroom refers to a large fungus which can form large fleshy (or colloid) fruiting body or sclerotium tissue and can be eaten or used by people, and is generally called mushroom. More than 350 kinds of edible fungi are known in China, and most of the edible fungi belong to the subphylum basidiomycotina. Common edible fungi include: lentinus Edodes, straw mushroom, Agaricus campestris, Auricularia, Tremella, Hericium Erinaceus, caulis Bambusae in Taeniam, Tricholoma matsutake, Russula vinifera, Ganoderma, Cordyceps, truffle, Pleurotus nebrodensis, and Boletus edulis; a few belong to the subdivision ascomycotina, among which are: morchella, saddle fungus, truffle, etc. The fungi are respectively grown in different regions and different ecological environments. The edible mushrooms are delicious and rich in nutrition, are often called as health foods by people, such as the mushrooms, contain various amino acids necessary for human bodies, have the effects of reducing cholesterol in blood and treating hypertension, and are found to contain substances for enhancing the anticancer capability of human bodies. Meanwhile, the edible fungi contain various bioactive substances, have various functions of resisting cancers, resisting bacteria and viruses, reducing blood pressure, reducing blood fat, resisting thrombus and arrhythmia, invigorating stomach, helping digestion, relieving cough and asthma, eliminating phlegm, benefiting gallbladder, protecting liver, detoxifying, reducing blood sugar, relaxing bowels, inducing diuresis, regulating immunity and the like, have higher medicinal value, and can be processed into corresponding health-care food, health-care beverage, wine and medicine for being massively used in medical clinic and being put into the health-care product market. Domestic edible fungi resources are rich, and the method is one of the countries which cultivate and utilize edible fungi at the earliest. The main raw materials for cultivating the edible fungi in China currently comprise cottonseed hulls, sawdust, bagasse and the like, the price of the main cultivation raw materials of the edible fungi is continuously increased along with the development of the industry, and the edible fungi industry is seriously restricted by the shortage of the raw materials and the continuous increase of the price, so that more ideal edible fungi cultivation raw materials are selected, the yield of the edible fungi is improved, the cost is saved, the cultivation cost of the edible fungi is reduced, and the method has important significance.
The camellia oleifera is a camellia plant in the family of Theaceae, is a main woody oil plant species in the south of China, is generally planted in mountain areas and hilly lands, and has abundant camellia oleifera resources in China. The tea oil extracted from the camellia oleifera fruits is pure natural green health-care edible oil, a large amount of agricultural and forestry waste is generated in the process of extracting the camellia oleifera, wherein camellia seed shells are byproducts separated before oil extraction in the processing of camellia oleifera enterprises, and camellia seed meal is residual materials of camellia seed cakes after oil extraction and solvent removal, the edible fungus cultivation is realized by reusing the agricultural waste so as to reduce the cost and improve the yield, and the method has very important significance for the edible fungus cultivation,
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an edible fungus culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides an edible fungus culture medium which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
60-80% of camellia seed shells, 8-12% of bran, 8-12% of corncobs, 2-8% of camellia seed meal and 0.5-2% of lime.
Further, the edible fungus culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
74% of camellia seed shells, 10% of bran, 10% of corncobs, 5% of camellia seed meal and 1% of lime.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the edible fungus culture medium, which comprises the following steps:
respectively crushing oil tea seed shells and oil tea seed meal, directly mixing the crushed oil tea seed shells and oil tea seed meal with bran, corncobs and lime, stirring materials, bagging and sterilizing; sterilizing, and packaging in culture bag for strain culture.
Further, the camellia seed husk is pulverized into particles with the length and width of 18mm × 10 mm; the camellia seed meal is crushed to the size of rice grains. Wherein, if the shells are not crushed, the bagging machine is inconvenient to adopt and the material bag is easy to break; the problem also exists when the granularity is too large, and the nutrition release of the nut shell is slow when the granularity is too large; too small a particle size is likely to cause poor ventilation. Therefore, the grain size of the nutshell is adjusted to be suitable for the growth of edible fungi.
Further, the sterilization is atmospheric sterilization or high-pressure steam sterilization.
Further, the conditions of the atmospheric sterilization are as follows: heating the material bag to 100 ℃, keeping for 16 hours, stopping heating, stewing for 24 hours, and taking out of the pot.
Further, the conditions of the high-pressure steam sterilization are as follows: keeping the temperature at 121 ℃ for 4 hours under the pressure of 103.4kPa, naturally cooling to zero air pressure, and taking out the pot when the temperature is reduced to 94 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the edible fungus culture medium in edible fungus culture and/or edible fungus yield improvement.
The invention also provides a planting method of edible fungi, which comprises the following steps: preparing the edible fungus culture medium, filling the edible fungus culture medium into a culture bag, inoculating edible fungus strains into the culture bag, culturing the strains, sequentially harvesting a first tide of mushrooms and a second tide of mushrooms, supplementing bean sprout water and mineral substances after the second tide of mushrooms is harvested, and continuously culturing.
Further, the specification of the cultivation bag is as follows: the width is 23-25 cm. Wherein, the over-small cultivation bag can lead to the secondary-tide mushrooms to have less fruiting and poorer mushroom shapes; too large a cultivation bag brings trouble to the operation and management.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: from the aspect of cost saving and gain, on the basis of fully utilizing agricultural wastes, namely the camellia seed shells, the bran, the corncobs, the camellia seed meal and the lime are added for compounding, and the use amount of each raw material is adjusted to fully exert the synergistic effect of the components to prepare the edible fungus culture medium. The culture medium is used for culturing edible fungi, and further multiple parameters in the culture process are optimized, including the crushing degree of camellia seed shells, the size of a culture bag, supplement of nutrients and the like, so that the yield and the quality of the edible fungi are obviously improved, the production cost of edible fungi culture is obviously reduced, and the culture medium has important significance for sustainable development of edible fungi culture in agricultural production.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an edible fungus culture medium, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof in edible fungus culture, wherein the edible fungus culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
74% of camellia seed shells, 10% of bran, 10% of corncobs, 5% of camellia seed meal and 1% of lime.
Respectively crushing camellia seed shells and camellia seed meal, wherein the camellia seed shells are crushed into particles with the length and width of 18mm multiplied by 10 mm; the camellia seed meal is crushed to the size of rice grains.
Directly mixing with testa Tritici, corncob and lime without accumulation fermentation after pulverizing, stirring, placing into a cultivation bag with width of 25cm, and sterilizing; normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization is adopted, wherein the normal pressure sterilization conditions are as follows: heating the cultivation bag to 100 ℃, keeping for 16 hours, stopping heating, stewing for 24 hours, and taking out of the pot; the conditions of high-pressure steam sterilization are as follows: keeping the temperature at 121 ℃ for 4 hours under the pressure of 103.4kPa, naturally cooling to zero air pressure, and taking out the pot when the temperature is reduced to 94 ℃.
After the sterilization is finished and the cultivation bag is cooled to the room temperature, taking oyster mushroom as an example, inoculating excellent oyster mushroom strains into the sterilized cultivation bag, and performing conventional cultivation on the strains, wherein the first tide of mushroom and the second tide of mushroom are subjected to fruiting management according to a conventional method in the field, and after the second tide of mushroom is harvested, a proper amount of bean sprout water and mineral substances (such as gypsum with the mass fraction of 1%) are supplemented for improving the subsequent yield and the quality of the oyster mushroom.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the edible fungus culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
60% of camellia seed shells, 15% of bran, 15% of corncobs, 8% of camellia seed meal and 2% of lime.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the edible fungus culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
80% of camellia seed shells, 8% of bran, 8% of corncobs, 3.5% of camellia seed meal and 0.5% of lime.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that:
the edible fungus culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
90% of camellia seed shells, 3% of bran, 3% of corncobs, 3% of camellia seed meal and 1% of lime.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that:
the edible fungus culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
50% of camellia seed shells, 20% of bran, 18% of corncobs, 10% of camellia seed meal and 1% of lime.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: in the process of edible mushroom cultivation, bean sprout water and minerals are not supplemented after the second tide of mushrooms are harvested.
Evaluation protocol
The cultivation tests of oyster mushroom strains were conducted by using the medium formulations and cultivation methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively, the management of hypha growth and fruiting during cultivation was conducted by a conventional method in the art, and the total fruiting yield and the content of each nutrient of the obtained oyster mushrooms (per 100g of dried oyster mushrooms) in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured, respectively. The measurement results are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively.
TABLE 1 Total yield determination of fruiting
Group of | Total yield of fruiting (kg/m)2) |
Example 1 | 8.6 |
Example 2 | 7.2 |
Example 3 | 8.1 |
Comparative example 1 | 6.4 |
Comparative example 2 | 5.2 |
Comparative example 3 | 3.6 |
TABLE 2 determination of nutrient content
Protein g | Cellulose g | Potassium mg | Calcium mg | Phosphorus mg | Magnesium mg | Zinc mg | |
Example 1 | 25.5 | 7.3 | 1180.6 | 5.5 | 433.6 | 76.7 | 4.2 |
Example 2 | 21.3 | 6.1 | 997.4 | 5.1 | 413.7 | 75.3 | 3.5 |
Example 3 | 23.4 | 6.9 | 1042.5 | 4.7 | 408.8 | 73.9 | 4.1 |
Comparative example 1 | 18.8 | 5.3 | 764.6 | 3.6 | 324.1 | 59.2 | 2.9 |
Comparative example 2 | 17.2 | 5.1 | 684.3 | 4.2 | 337.8 | 63.1 | 2.4 |
Comparative example 3 | 15.4 | 4.5 | 343.7 | 2.7 | 281.1 | 35.5 | 1.7 |
In combination with the above experimental results, when the edible fungi culture medium and the culture method of the invention are used in the examples 1-3 to culture the edible fungi, the edible fungi with high yield and excellent quality can be obtained, wherein the yield is as high as 7.2kg/m2The culture medium is rich in nutrient substances, and the formula of the culture medium in the example 1 has the optimal effect. However, when the composition of the culture medium was changed (comparative examples 1-2) or bean sprout water and minerals were not supplemented after harvesting the second tide of mushrooms (comparative example 3), both the yield and quality of the edible mushrooms were goodTo a certain extent. The method optimizes the use amount of the raw materials, plays the synergistic effect of the components, further optimizes a plurality of parameters in the culture process, obviously improves the yield and the quality of the edible fungi obtained by culture, and simultaneously effectively reduces the culture cost of the edible fungi.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The edible fungus culture medium is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
60-80% of camellia seed shells, 8-15% of bran, 8-15% of corncobs, 2-8% of camellia seed meal and 0.5-2% of lime.
2. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
74% of camellia seed shells, 10% of bran, 10% of corncobs, 5% of camellia seed meal and 1% of lime.
3. A method of preparing an edible fungus culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the method comprises:
respectively crushing oil tea seed shells and oil tea seed meal, directly mixing the crushed oil tea seed shells and oil tea seed meal with bran, corncobs and lime, stirring materials, bagging and sterilizing; sterilizing, and packaging in culture bag for strain culture.
4. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the camellia seed husk is pulverized into particles having a length and width of 18mm x 10 mm; the camellia seed meal is crushed to the size of rice grains.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the sterilization is atmospheric sterilization or high-pressure steam sterilization.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the atmospheric sterilization conditions are: heating the material bag to 100 ℃, keeping for 16 hours, stopping heating, stewing for 24 hours, and taking out of the pot.
7. The method for preparing according to claim 5, wherein the conditions of the high pressure steam sterilization are: keeping the temperature at 121 ℃ for 4 hours under the pressure of 103.4kPa, naturally cooling to zero air pressure, and taking out the pot when the temperature is reduced to 94 ℃.
8. Use of the culture medium for edible fungi according to any one of claims 1 to 2 for cultivation and/or increasing the yield of edible fungi.
9. A method for planting edible fungi, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing an edible fungus culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 2, filling the culture medium into a culture bag, inoculating an edible fungus seed strain into the culture bag, culturing the seed strain, sequentially harvesting a first tide of mushrooms and a second tide of mushrooms, and after harvesting the second tide of mushrooms, supplementing bean sprouts with water and minerals, and continuing culturing.
10. The growing method of claim 9, wherein the growing bags are of the following specifications: the width is 23-25 cm.
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