CN114336027B - Broadband antenna loaded with parasitic coupling feed network - Google Patents
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Abstract
A broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network, comprising: an upper dielectric plate of a coupling antenna array is arranged on the upper surface; the upper surface of the middle layer dielectric plate is provided with a feed antenna array, the size and the shape of a feed patch unit in the feed antenna array are the same as those of a coupling patch unit in the coupling antenna array, and the upper layer dielectric plate and the middle layer dielectric plate are separated by an air layer; the lower layer dielectric plate is positioned below the middle layer dielectric plate, the lower layer dielectric plate and the middle layer dielectric plate are stacked together, the upper surface of the lower layer dielectric plate is provided with a floor, the lower surface is provided with a feeder line, and the feeder patch unit is connected with the feeder line; parasitic units are arranged between the feeding patch units, coupling networks corresponding to the parasitic units are arranged between adjacent feeding lines, the parasitic units are respectively connected with the floor and the coupling networks corresponding to the parasitic units, and the coupling networks are connected with the floor. The invention realizes the improvement of the antenna bandwidth by loading the parasitic coupling feed network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network.
Background
A wideband antenna having a plurality of array elements, coupling between array elements is generally regarded as a major factor deteriorating the performance of the antenna array, and particularly when the spacing between array elements is small, coupling between array elements affects the impedance matching, radiation pattern, side lobe level, scanning characteristics, and the like of the antenna. The coupling regulation and control has remarkable effects on the improvement of the unit and the array performance in the antenna array, and the coupling unfavorable to the unit performance can be regulated and controlled to the extent favorable for the improvement of the whole array performance through reasonable coupling utilization. The existing design related to coupling utilization mainly utilizes the space structure loading to form a tight coupling array, and the coupling among antenna array elements is utilized while the introduced capacitive coupling counteracts the inductance to ground and releases the original bandwidth limitation. However, a tightly coupled array based on a space structure is mostly used for balanced feed type antennas using dipoles, tapered slot antennas, planar helical antennas, TEM horn antennas, etc. as antenna array elements, and rarely used for unbalanced feed type antennas using patch antennas as array elements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband antenna which utilizes a feed network structure to realize the coupling utilization of unbalanced feed type antennas.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network, comprising: the upper dielectric plate is provided with a coupling antenna array on the upper surface; the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric plate is provided with a feed antenna array which is arranged corresponding to the coupling antenna array, the size and the shape of a feed patch unit in the feed antenna array are the same as those of a coupling patch unit in the coupling antenna array, and the upper-layer dielectric plate and the middle-layer dielectric plate are separated by an air layer; the lower dielectric plate is positioned below the middle dielectric plate, the lower dielectric plate and the middle dielectric plate are stacked together, the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a floor, the lower surface is provided with a feeder line, and a feeder patch unit in the feeder antenna array is connected with the feeder line; parasitic units are arranged between adjacent feed patch units in the feed antenna array, coupling networks corresponding to the parasitic units are arranged between adjacent feed lines, the parasitic units are respectively connected with the floor and the coupling networks corresponding to the parasitic units, and the coupling networks are connected with the floor.
Further, the coupling network includes two short circuit branches and an open circuit branch, the open circuit branch is connected between the two short circuit branches, the parasitic element is connected with the open circuit branch, and the short circuit branch is connected with the feeder and the floor.
Further, the short circuit branch is a T-shaped short circuit branch, and the open circuit branch is a T-shaped open circuit branch.
Further, the parasitic unit is a metal sheet and comprises a square body and a connecting arm connected with the body, metallized through holes are respectively formed in the body and the connecting arm, and the parasitic unit is respectively connected with the floor and the coupling network through the metallized through holes.
Further, the coupling antenna array comprises a first coupling patch unit, a second coupling patch unit, a third coupling patch unit and a fourth coupling patch unit which are sequentially arranged on the upper dielectric plate in a 2×2 axisymmetric array mode in the anticlockwise direction; the feeding patch array comprises a first feeding patch unit, a second feeding patch unit, a third feeding patch unit and a fourth feeding patch unit which correspond to the first coupling patch unit, the second coupling patch unit, the third coupling patch unit and the fourth coupling patch unit, wherein the first coupling patch unit, the second coupling patch unit, the third coupling patch unit, the fourth coupling patch unit, the first feeding patch unit, the second feeding patch unit, the third feeding patch unit and the fourth feeding patch unit are rectangular metal sheets with the same size.
Further, the parasitic element includes a first parasitic element and a second parasitic element, the first parasitic element is disposed between the first feeding patch element and the second feeding patch element, and between the third feeding patch element and the fourth feeding patch element, and the second parasitic element is disposed between the first feeding patch element and the fourth feeding patch element, and between the second feeding patch element and the third feeding patch element.
Further, the feeding points on the first feeding patch unit, the second feeding patch unit, the third feeding patch unit and the fourth feeding patch unit are respectively located on the central line of the length direction of each feeding patch unit and are located at the upper part of each feeding patch unit, and the feeding points are connected with the feeding lines through metal probes penetrating through the middle-layer dielectric plate, the floor and the lower-layer dielectric plate.
Further, the working frequency band of the broadband antenna is 3.68-5.52 GHz.
Further, the interval between the upper dielectric plate and the middle dielectric plate is 0.06λ 0 ，λ 0 Is a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the broadband antenna.
Further, the structure formed by the coupling network and the feeder line is a symmetrical structure in the length direction of the lower dielectric plate and is asymmetrical in the width direction of the lower dielectric plate; the first parasitic unit and the second parasitic unit comprise square bodies and connecting arms connected with the bodies, metallized through holes are respectively formed in the bodies and the connecting arms, the connecting arms of the first parasitic unit are bending arms, and the connecting arms of the second parasitic unit are straight arms.
According to the technical scheme, the parasitic coupling feed network is loaded, the parasitic units are arranged between the adjacent feed patch units, the coupling network is arranged between the adjacent feed lines, and the parasitic units are electrically connected with the coupling network, so that the coupling between the parasitic units and the antenna array elements is introduced into the coupling feed network, the expansion of the active impedance bandwidth of the antenna is realized, the coupling at almost all frequencies in the 3-7 GHz frequency band meets the coupling utilization condition, and the broadband antenna array can work in the frequency band of 3.68-5.52 GHz (40%), and compared with the antenna without the parasitic coupling feed network, the bandwidth is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of the upper surface of a dielectric layer in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout of the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c are graphs of S-parameters, port 1 phase difference and port 2 phase difference, respectively, for a comparative example antenna;
fig. 5a, 5b and 5c are graphs of the S-parameter, port 1 phase difference and port 2 phase difference, respectively, of the embodiment antenna;
FIG. 6 is a graph of gain versus gain for an example antenna and a comparative antenna;
fig. 7a, 7b and 7c are normalized radiation pattern contrast plots for the example antenna and the comparative example antenna at 3.8GHz, 4.6GHz and 5.4GHz, respectively.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
In describing embodiments of the present invention in detail, the drawings showing the structure of the device are not to scale locally for ease of illustration, and the schematic illustrations are merely examples, which should not limit the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the drawings are in simplified form and are not to scale precisely, but rather are merely intended to facilitate and clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of technical features indicated; the terms "forward," "reverse," "bottom," "upper," "lower," and the like are used for convenience in describing and simplifying the description only, and do not denote or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the wideband antenna of the present embodiment includes an upper dielectric plate 1, a middle dielectric plate 2 and a lower dielectric plate 3, where the upper dielectric plate 1 and the middle dielectric plate 2 are arranged at intervals up and down, and are separated by an air layer, and the middle dielectric plate 2 and the lower dielectric plate 3 are arranged adjacently up and down and stacked together. The interval between the upper dielectric plate 1 and the middle dielectric plate 2 can be 0.06λ 0 ，λ 0 Is a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the broadband antenna. The upper dielectric plate 1 and the middle dielectric plate 2 are separated by an air layer in order to realize broadband operation of the antenna, and the middle dielectric plate 2 and the lower dielectric plate 3 are stacked together to realize common ground. The upper surface of upper dielectric plate 1 is provided with the coupling antenna array, and the upper surface of middle level dielectric plate 2 is provided with feed antenna array, and the upper surface of lower floor dielectric plate 3 is provided with floor (not shown), and the lower surface of lower floor dielectric plate 3 is provided with the feeder, and the size of floor and the size of lower floor dielectric plate 3 are unanimous. The size and shape of the coupling patch units in the coupling antenna array are the same as those of the feeding patch units in the feeding antenna array, and the feeding patch units (feeding points) in the feeding antenna array are connected with the feeding lines on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 3 through metal probes penetrating through the middle dielectric plate 2, the floor and the lower dielectric plate 3.
The coupling antenna array on the upper dielectric plate 1 of this embodiment includes 4 coupling patch units with the same size: the first coupling patch unit 4-1, the second coupling patch unit 4-2, the third coupling patch unit 4-3 and the fourth coupling patch unit 4-4 are sequentially arranged on the upper dielectric plate 1 in an axisymmetric array form of 2×2 in a counterclockwise direction by the first coupling patch unit 4-1, the second coupling patch unit 4-2, the third coupling patch unit 4-3 and the fourth coupling patch unit 4-4. The coupling patch units of this embodiment are rectangular metal plates, the length and width dimensions are 14.2mm×11mm, the distance between adjacent coupling patch units is 5mm, the distance between the first coupling patch unit 4-1 and the second coupling patch unit 4-2 and the distance between the third coupling patch unit 4-3 and the fourth coupling patch unit 4-4 are 5mm, and the distance between the first coupling patch unit 4-1 and the fourth coupling patch unit 4-4 and the distance between the second coupling patch unit 4-2 and the third coupling patch unit 4-3 are 5mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the feed antenna array on the middle dielectric sheet 2 includes 4 feed patch units of the same size: the first feeding patch unit 5-1, the second feeding patch unit 5-2, the third feeding patch unit 5-3 and the fourth feeding patch unit 5-4 are respectively and correspondingly arranged with the first coupling patch unit 4-1, the second coupling patch unit 4-2, the third coupling patch unit 4-3 and the fourth coupling patch unit 4-4, and are sequentially arranged on the middle dielectric plate 2 in a 2 x 2 axisymmetric array form in a counter-clockwise direction. The feeding point a of the feeding patch unit is located on the center line of the length direction (y-axis direction in fig. 2) of the feeding patch unit and is located at the upper portion of the feeding patch unit, and the distance between the feeding point a and the top edge of the feeding patch unit in this embodiment is 2.2mm. One radiation patch unit and one feed patch unit are correspondingly arranged to form one antenna unit in the antenna array.
The invention is provided with parasitic units between adjacent feed patch units, the parasitic units comprise a first parasitic unit 6-1 and a second parasitic unit 6-2, and the sizes of the first parasitic unit 6-1 and the second parasitic unit 6-2 are different. First parasitic elements 6-1 are provided between adjacent feeding patch elements in the y-axis direction, and second parasitic elements 6-2 are provided between feeding patch elements connected in the x-axis direction. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first parasitic element 6-1 is provided between the first and second feeding patch elements 5-1 and 5-2 and the third and fourth feeding patch elements 5-3 and 5-4, respectively, and the second parasitic element 6-2 is provided between the first and fourth feeding patch elements 5-1 and 5-4 and the second and third feeding patch elements 5-2 and 5-3, respectively. The parasitic units of this embodiment are metal sheets, each of which includes a square body (not numbered) and a connecting arm (not numbered) connected to the body, and each of the body and the connecting arm is provided with a metallized via b. The parasitic element is connected with the floor and the coupling network on the lower dielectric plate through the metallized through holes. The parasitic unit is used for transmitting the coupled energy into the coupling network through the metallized via hole, and the coupling is regulated and controlled through the coupling network, so that the coupling utilization is realized.
The parasitic element of the embodiment can lead the transmission line connecting the parasitic element and the coupling network to have the same impedance by arranging the connecting arm connected with the body, namely adopting a ladder-shaped structure, so as to realize matching. In addition, as shown in fig. 3, the structure formed by the coupling network and the feeder line in this embodiment is symmetrical in the y-axis direction of the lower dielectric plate 3 (i.e., symmetrical about the center line L in the y-axis direction of the lower dielectric plate 3, the y-axis direction of the lower dielectric plate 3 is the length direction thereof), and is not symmetrical in the x-axis direction, so in this embodiment, the connecting arm of the second parasitic element 6-2 is set to be a straight arm, the connecting arm of the first parasitic element 6-1 is set to be a bent arm, and the bending arm of the first parasitic element is used to make the coupling network symmetrical in the x-axis direction, so that the symmetrical coupling network can simplify the design of the network, avoid the asymmetry of the coupling network, and require excessive optimization parameters and increase the complexity.
Taking the dimensions of the parts of the parasitic element shown in fig. 2 as an example, the dimensions of the first parasitic element 6-1 of the present embodiment are respectively: l (L) e1 ＝4.7mm，l e2 ＝4mm，w e1 ＝1.5mm，w e2 =4mm. The dimensions of the second parasitic element 6-2 are in particular: w (w) h1 ＝1.5mm，l h1 ＝4.3mm，l h2 ＝6mm，w h2 ＝4mm。
As shown in fig. 3, a first feeder line 7-1 electrically connected to the first feeding patch unit 5-1, a second feeder line 7-2 electrically connected to the second feeding patch unit 5-2, a third feeder line 7-3 electrically connected to the third feeding patch unit 5-3, and a fourth feeder line 7-4 electrically connected to the fourth feeding patch unit 5-4 are provided on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 3, and the free ends of the feeder lines are ports of the broadband antenna. Besides 4 feed lines corresponding to the 4 feed patch units are arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 3, coupling networks are arranged between adjacent feed lines, each coupling network is composed of two short circuit branches 8-1 and one open circuit branch 8-2, the open circuit branches 8-2 are connected between the two short circuit branches 8-1, and the parasitic units are respectively connected with the floor and the open circuit branches 8-2 in the coupling networks through metallized through holes on the parasitic units. The shorting stub 8-1 is connected to the feeder and to the floor via a metallized via.
The short circuit branch and the open circuit branch in this embodiment are both T-shaped branches, the dimensions of the T-shaped short circuit branch in the coupling network between the first feeder 7-1 and the second feeder 7-2 and the T-shaped short circuit branch in the coupling network between the third feeder 7-3 and the fourth feeder 7-4 are slightly different from the dimensions of the T-shaped short circuit branch in the coupling network between the first feeder 7-1 and the fourth feeder 7-4 and the T-shaped short circuit branch in the coupling network between the second feeder 7-2 and the third feeder 7-3, taking the dimensions of the T-shaped short circuit branch and the T-shaped open circuit branch and the feeder shown in fig. 3 as an example, the dimensions of the connection structures between the short circuit branch and the feeder and the short circuit branch and the open circuit branch in the coupling network in this embodiment are specifically: w (w) 1 ＝1.9mm，w 2 ＝0.6mm，w 3 ＝2mm，w 4 ＝5.2mm，l 1 ＝4mm，l 2 ＝6mm，w h3 ＝15mm，l h3 ＝23.5mm，w h4 ＝1mm，l h4 ＝2mm，w e3 ＝6.6mm，l e3 ＝13mm，l e4 =4mm. The size of the parasitic element and the size of the feed line mainly affect the impedance matching of the antenna, and the size of the parasitic element is maximized as the original with the antenna operating bandwidthDetermining that the width of the feeder line is the width of the microstrip line corresponding to the central working frequency of the antenna; the size of the branch affects the coupling inhibition effect, the size is determined by taking the lowest coupling coefficient as a principle, and the specific size can be determined by simulation according to requirements.
For a two-dimensional antenna array, the active reflection coefficient S of an antenna unit is formed at the port of the antenna according to the relation between the reflection coefficient circle and the coupling coefficient circle 11active I is smaller than the reflection coefficient of the antenna element S 11 Phase difference of vector sum of reflection coefficient of antenna element and all coupling coefficients related theretoShould fall within the following ranges:
wherein N represents the number of antenna elements (array elements), S 1i Represents the coupling coefficient, a, with antenna element 1 and antenna element i i Representing the input voltage of the antenna element i, S 11 Representing the reflection coefficient of the antenna element 1;
the constraint conditions for the establishment of the above are thatThe range is the coupling utilization condition of the multi-element antenna array, and whether the coupling between the antenna units can be reasonably utilized or not is judged according to the range so as to improve the performance of the antenna array.
The broadband antenna is a quaternary axisymmetric antenna array, and the antenna units corresponding to the first port and the second port are used for analysis, and the active reflection coefficient and the coupling utilization conditions are as follows:
s in the formula 11 Representing the reflection coefficient of the first antenna element, S 12 Representing the coupling coefficient between the first antenna element and the second antenna element, S 13 Representing the coupling coefficient between the first antenna element and the third antenna element, S 14 Representing the coupling coefficient between the first antenna element and the fourth antenna element, S 21 Representing the coupling coefficient between the second antenna element and the first antenna element, S 22 Representing the reflection coefficient of the second antenna element S 23 Representing the coupling coefficient between the second antenna element and the third antenna element, S 24 Representing a coupling coefficient between the second antenna element and the fourth antenna element;
in order to verify the effect of the antenna of the present invention, the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS is adopted to simulate the present embodiment, and the simulated parameters are mainly related dimensions of the antenna and the feed network, the antenna array is placed in an air box, and the distance between each edge of the air box and the corresponding edge of the antenna array is one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency. In order to show the coupling utilization effect of the invention, a comparison example broadband antenna is provided for comparison, and the broadband antenna of the comparison example has the same structure as the broadband antenna of the embodiment except that the broadband antenna of the comparison example does not have a parasitic coupling feed network formed by a parasitic unit and a coupling network.
Fig. 4a, 4b and 4c are respectively the S parameter (reflection coefficient) of the comparative example antenna, the boundary value of the phase difference of the first port and the coupling utilization condition thereof, and the boundary value of the phase difference of the second port and the coupling utilization condition thereof. Since no structure is loaded between the feeder lines of the antennas of the comparative example, the antenna arrays are relatively symmetrical, and the characteristics of the first port and the second port are similar. From S of FIG. 4a 11 And S is 22 The graph shows that the impedance bandwidth of the comparative antenna is 4.38-5.36 GHz (24.4%). FIG. 4b compares S 11 And S is 12 +S 13 +S 14 Phase difference from according to (2)The calculated boundary value of the coupling utilization condition, although coupling within 3-4.3 GHz can be utilized, isThe coupling does not have a sufficient effect on the matching of the antenna array. The boundary value missing part of the graph is because the S parameter does not meet the constraint, so that there is uncertainty as to whether the coupling of the part can be utilized. However, by S 11active And S is 22active The curve shows that the coupling between the antenna elements deteriorates the active impedance matching of the antenna array, so that the active impedance of the antenna array is in a mismatch state in the whole frequency band.
Fig. 5a, 5b and 5c are respectively the S parameter of the antenna of the embodiment, the phase difference of the first port and the boundary value of the coupling utilization condition thereof, and the phase difference of the second port and the boundary value of the coupling utilization condition thereof. As can be seen from fig. 5a, the reflection coefficients S of the first antenna element and the second antenna element when excited by a single port 11 The frequency bands smaller than-10 dB are 4.56-5.50 GHz, 5.92-6.16 GHz, 4.62-5.46 GHz and 5.62-6.22 GHz respectively. As can be seen from fig. 5b and 5c, the phase difference of the antenna of the embodiment in almost the whole given frequency band satisfies the coupling utilization condition, and the only small missing frequency band does not negatively affect the active impedance matching of the antenna. The active impedance bandwidths of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are respectively 3.66-6.28 GHz (52.7%) and 3.68-6.36 GHz (53.4%), the working frequency band of the antenna array is the overlapped part of the bandwidths of the two antenna units, and the active impedance bandwidths are 3.68-6.28 GHz (52.2%). The antenna performance of the embodiment is greatly improved by loading the parasitic coupling feed network.
Fig. 6 shows a gain comparison graph of the example antenna and the comparative example antenna array when the antenna array is fed fully, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the gain of the example antenna is equivalent to that of the comparative example antenna, but is higher than that of the comparative example antenna in the frequency band of 3.84-5.38 GHz, and the final active impedance bandwidth of the example antenna is 3.68-5.52 GHz (40%). Fig. 7a, 7b and 7c are normalized radiation pattern comparisons for the example antenna and the comparative example antenna at 3.8GHz, 4.6GHz and 5.4GHz, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 7, both the example antenna and the comparative example antenna radiate effectively, and the example antenna corrects the pattern offset of the comparative example antenna to some extent. According to the simulation result, the active working bandwidth of the unbalanced feed antenna is widened to 40% by loading the parasitic coupling feed network, the gain is improved, and the directional diagram is obviously improved. The invention adopts a novel network structure and a parasitic unit to be applied to unbalanced feed antennas in the coupling utilization field, and widens the application range of coupling utilization.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical matters of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network, comprising:
the upper dielectric plate is provided with a coupling antenna array on the upper surface;
the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric plate is provided with a feed antenna array which is arranged corresponding to the coupling antenna array, the size and the shape of a feed patch unit in the feed antenna array are the same as those of a coupling patch unit in the coupling antenna array, and the upper-layer dielectric plate and the middle-layer dielectric plate are separated by an air layer;
the lower dielectric plate is positioned below the middle dielectric plate, the lower dielectric plate and the middle dielectric plate are stacked together, the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a floor, the lower surface is provided with a feeder line, and a feeder patch unit in the feeder antenna array is connected with the feeder line;
parasitic units are arranged between adjacent feed patch units in the feed antenna array, coupling networks corresponding to the parasitic units are arranged between adjacent feed lines, the parasitic units are respectively connected with the floor and the coupling networks corresponding to the parasitic units, and the coupling networks are connected with the floor.
2. The broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network of claim 1, wherein: the coupling network comprises two short circuit branches and an open circuit branch, wherein the open circuit branch is connected between the two short circuit branches, the parasitic unit is connected with the open circuit branch, and the short circuit branch is connected with the feeder line and the floor.
3. The broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network of claim 2, wherein: the short circuit branch is a T-shaped short circuit branch, and the open circuit branch is a T-shaped open circuit branch.
4. The broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network of claim 1, wherein: the parasitic unit is a metal sheet and comprises a square body and a connecting arm connected with the body, metallized through holes are respectively formed in the body and the connecting arm, and the parasitic unit is respectively connected with the floor and the coupling network through the metallized through holes.
5. The broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network of claim 1, wherein: the coupling antenna array comprises a first coupling patch unit, a second coupling patch unit, a third coupling patch unit and a fourth coupling patch unit which are sequentially arranged on the upper dielectric plate in a 2 multiplied by 2 axisymmetric array mode in the anticlockwise direction; the feeding patch unit comprises a first feeding patch unit, a second feeding patch unit, a third feeding patch unit and a fourth feeding patch unit which correspond to the first coupling patch unit, the second coupling patch unit, the third coupling patch unit and the fourth coupling patch unit, and the first coupling patch unit, the second coupling patch unit, the third coupling patch unit, the fourth coupling patch unit, the first feeding patch unit, the second feeding patch unit, the third feeding patch unit and the fourth feeding patch unit are rectangular metal sheets with the same size.
6. The broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network of claim 5, wherein: the parasitic element comprises a first parasitic element and a second parasitic element, the first parasitic element is arranged between the first feeding patch element and the second feeding patch element and between the third feeding patch element and the fourth feeding patch element, and the second parasitic element is arranged between the first feeding patch element and the fourth feeding patch element and between the second feeding patch element and the third feeding patch element.
7. The broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network of claim 5, wherein: the feeding points on the first feeding patch unit, the second feeding patch unit, the third feeding patch unit and the fourth feeding patch unit are respectively located on the central line of the length direction of each feeding patch unit and are located at the upper part of each feeding patch unit, and the feeding points are connected with the feeding lines through metal probes penetrating through the middle-layer dielectric plate, the floor and the lower-layer dielectric plate.
8. The broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network of claim 1, wherein: the working frequency band of the broadband antenna is 3.68-5.52 GHz.
9. The broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network of claim 1, wherein: the interval between the upper medium plate and the middle medium plate is 0.06λ 0 ，λ 0 Is a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the broadband antenna.
10. The broadband antenna loaded with a parasitic coupling feed network of claim 6, wherein: the structure formed by the coupling network and the feeder line is a symmetrical structure in the length direction of the lower dielectric plate and is asymmetrical in the width direction of the lower dielectric plate;
the first parasitic unit and the second parasitic unit comprise square bodies and connecting arms connected with the bodies, metallized through holes are respectively formed in the bodies and the connecting arms, the connecting arms of the first parasitic unit are bending arms, and the connecting arms of the second parasitic unit are straight arms.
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