CN114325434A - Fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device and detection method - Google Patents
Fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114325434A CN114325434A CN202111574759.7A CN202111574759A CN114325434A CN 114325434 A CN114325434 A CN 114325434A CN 202111574759 A CN202111574759 A CN 202111574759A CN 114325434 A CN114325434 A CN 114325434A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device and a detection method, wherein the detection device comprises a plurality of Boost circuits, current detection modules and voltage detection modules for detecting the voltage at two ends of an electric pile, all the Boost circuits are connected with the electric pile, each Boost circuit can generate an excitation source, the number of the current detection modules is the same as that of the Boost circuits, and all the current detection modules are respectively used for detecting the current of the sections of all the Boost circuits connected with the electric pile. The fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device and the detection method have the advantages of higher detection precision and higher detection efficiency on the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device and a detection method.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell is a new green and environment-friendly technology, and is a research hotspot in the field of new energy at present. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an important technical direction of new energy automobiles at present.
The internal resistance comprehensively reflects the internal humidity, temperature and health state of the hydrogen fuel cell. The real-time monitoring of the internal resistance of the fuel cell is of great significance for ensuring the safety and high-efficiency operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, but the hydrogen fuel cell belongs to a nonlinear and time-varying system and is generally difficult to accurately measure the impedance parameter of the cell. And the internal impedance of the battery belongs to the milliohm order of magnitude, so that the measurement accuracy difficulty of the battery is increased. At present, the mainstream internal resistance detection method at home and abroad is an alternating current impedance spectrum method, which is to disturb the fuel cell by adopting small-amplitude alternating current voltage and current to test the internal resistance of the fuel cell to obtain alternating current impedance data. For the alternating-current impedance method, the disturbance adopts sine waves, and the method has the advantages of easy generation and analysis; the method has the disadvantages that disturbance is realized mostly by adopting an external excitation source, frequency sweep is required from low frequency to high frequency in the test process, the internal impedance of each frequency end is tested to obtain an impedance spectrum, the execution time is long, the efficiency is low, and the impedance state cannot be reflected in real time. At present, a more creative scheme is that triangular wave disturbance is adopted, frequencies of 10HZ,100HZ and 1000HZ are generated, and internal impedances of different frequencies are obtained through FFT analysis by detecting voltage and current so as to obtain an impedance spectrum; however, the scheme has the problem that the high-frequency end error is large due to the fact that amplitude is attenuated seriously in the high-frequency range; and a plurality of triangular waves with different frequencies need to be emitted, and the problem of long wave emitting time still exists. Namely, the method of sending triangular wave disturbance is adopted, and the problems of low detection precision and low efficiency exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus with higher detection efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device which comprises a plurality of Boost circuits, current detection modules and voltage detection modules, wherein the Boost circuits are connected in parallel, the voltage detection modules are used for detecting the voltage at two ends of an electric pile, all the Boost circuits are connected with the electric pile, each Boost circuit can generate an excitation source, the number of the current detection modules is the same as that of the Boost circuits, and all the current detection modules are respectively used for detecting the current of the sections, connected with the electric pile, of all the Boost circuits.
Further, the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device further comprises a DFFT module, and all the current detection module and the voltage detection module are connected with the DFFT module.
Further, the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device further comprises a memory, the current detection module and the voltage detection module are both connected with the memory, and the DFFT module is connected with the memory.
Furthermore, the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device also comprises a current A/D conversion module, and the current detection module is connected with the memory through the current A/D conversion module.
Further, the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device also comprises a voltage A/D conversion module, and the voltage detection module is connected with the memory through the voltage A/D conversion module.
Furthermore, the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device further comprises an operation control unit and a pulse width modulation unit connected with the operation control unit, all the current detection modules are connected with the operation control unit, and the pulse width modulation unit is connected with all the Boost circuits.
Furthermore, all the current detection modules are connected with a current A/D conversion module, and the current A/D conversion module is connected with an operation control unit.
As described above, the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
the electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device for the fuel cell has the working principle that: all the Boost circuits send waves of different frequency bands to the galvanic pile at the same time, and all the current detection modules respectively detect the current values of the sections, connected with the galvanic pile, of all the Boost circuits so as to obtain the current values of the different frequency bands; the voltage detection module obtains voltage values formed by superposing waves sent by all Boost circuits by detecting the voltages at two ends of the galvanic pile so as to obtain voltage values of different frequency bands, calculates impedance values of different frequency bands according to current values of different frequency bands and voltage values of different frequency bands, and can draw and generate impedance spectrums according to the obtained impedance values of different frequency bands. This detection device utilizes the Boost circuit to produce the excitation source, and utilizes a plurality of Boost circuits to produce the wave of different frequency bands, this kind of mode wave-generating time is shorter, can improve the efficiency of detecting the galvanic pile impedance greatly, can realize the real-time detection to the galvanic pile impedance in the true sense, and can be more accurate obtain fuel cell's impedance spectrum, conveniently detect fuel cell's health condition accurately in real time, and then improve the factor of safety that fuel cell used greatly, can improve factor of safety greatly on hydrogen fuel cell new energy automobile very much.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a detection method with higher detection efficiency and higher accuracy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a detection method using the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus, including the following steps:
all the Boost circuits send square waves of different frequency sections to the galvanic pile at the same time, all the current detection modules respectively detect current values of all the sections, connected with the galvanic pile, of the Boost circuits, and then DFFT analysis calculation is carried out on the obtained current values to obtain current values of different frequency sections; the voltage detection module obtains voltage values formed by superposing square waves emitted by all Boost circuits by detecting voltages at two ends of the galvanic pile, then obtains voltage values of different frequency sections by carrying out DFFT analysis and calculation on the obtained voltage values, and calculates impedance values of different frequency sections according to current values of different frequency sections and voltage values of different frequency sections.
Furthermore, at least one route of the Boost circuits sends 10HZ square waves, at least one route of the Boost circuits sends 50HZ square waves, at least one route of the Boost circuits sends 100HZ square waves, at least one route of the Boost circuits sends 500HZ square waves, at least one route of the Boost circuits sends 1000HZ square waves, and at least one route of the Boost circuits sends 5000HZ square waves.
Further, after the direct current quantity in the current value obtained by the current detection module is filtered, the current value is subjected to DFFT analysis and calculation; and after the direct current quantity in the voltage value obtained by the voltage detection module is filtered, the voltage value is subjected to DFFT analysis and calculation.
As described above, the detection method according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
according to the detection method, the Boost circuit is used as the excitation source, so that the wave-sending time is saved, and the detection efficiency is greatly improved; meanwhile, square waves are adopted for detection, so that the problem that sampling precision is poor due to serious attenuation of high-frequency amplitude of triangular waves is avoided, and the detection method is guaranteed to be high in precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
1 Boost circuit
2 Current detection Module
3 voltage detection module
4 electric pile
5 DFFT module
6 memory
7 current A/D conversion module
8 voltage A/D conversion module
9 arithmetic control unit
10 pulse width modulation unit
11 analysis and judgment module
12 VCU module
13 FCS module
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the present disclosure, and are not used for limiting the conditions of the present disclosure, so that the present disclosure is not limited to the technical essence, and any modifications of the structures, changes of the ratios, or adjustments of the sizes, can still fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the function and the achievable purpose of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for convenience of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus, which includes a plurality of parallel Boost circuits 1, current detection modules 2, and a voltage detection module 3 for detecting voltage magnitudes at two ends of an electric pile 4, all the Boost circuits 1 are connected to the electric pile 4, each Boost circuit 1 can generate an excitation source, the number of the current detection modules 2 is the same as that of the Boost circuits 1, and all the current detection modules 2 are respectively used for detecting current magnitudes at sections where all the Boost circuits 1 are connected to the electric pile 4. The electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device for the fuel cell has the working principle that: all the Boost circuits 1 send waves of different frequency bands to the galvanic pile 4 at the same time, and all the current detection modules 2 respectively detect current values of sections where all the Boost circuits 1 are connected with the galvanic pile 4 so as to obtain current values of different frequency bands; the voltage detection module 3 detects voltages at two ends of the galvanic pile 4 to obtain voltage values formed by overlapping waves emitted by all the Boost circuits 1 so as to obtain voltage values of different frequency bands, calculates impedance values of different frequency bands according to current values of different frequency bands and voltage values of different frequency bands, and can draw and generate impedance spectrums according to the obtained impedance values of different frequency bands. This detection device utilizes Boost circuit 1 to produce the excitation source, and utilizes a plurality of Boost circuit 1 to produce the wave of different frequency bands, this kind of mode wave generation time is shorter, can improve the efficiency of 4 impedance detection to the galvanic pile greatly, can realize the real-time detection to 4 impedance of galvanic pile in the real meaning, and can be more accurate obtain fuel cell's impedance spectrum, conveniently detect fuel cell's health condition in real time accurately, and then improve the factor of safety that fuel cell used greatly, can improve factor of safety greatly on hydrogen fuel cell new energy automobile very much.
The electrochemical impedance spectrum detection device for the fuel cell in the embodiment further comprises a DFFT module 5, a memory 6, a current A/D conversion module 7 and a voltage A/D conversion module 8, wherein all the current detection modules 2 are connected with the current A/D conversion module 7, the voltage detection module 3 is connected with the voltage A/D conversion module 8, the current A/D conversion module 7 and the voltage A/D conversion module 8 are connected with the memory 6, and the memory 6 is connected with the DFFT module 5. All the current detection modules 2 feed the current values of the sections where the corresponding Boost circuits 1 are connected with the galvanic pile 4 back to the current A/D conversion module 7, the current A/D conversion module 7 converts the analog signals of the current values into digital signals and then sends the digital signals to the memory 6 for storage, the voltage detection module 3 feeds the detected voltage values back to the voltage A/D conversion module 8, the voltage A/D conversion module 8 converts the analog signals of the voltage values into digital signals and then sends the digital signals to the memory 6 for storage, the DFFT module 5 obtains the current values of different frequency sections by DFFT analysis and calculation of the current values in the memory 6, and the DFFT module 5 calculates the voltage values in the memory 6 through DFFT analysis to obtain the voltage values of different frequency bands, and further calculating impedance values of different frequency bands by an impedance calculation method, and drawing to generate an impedance spectrum.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus in this embodiment further includes an arithmetic control unit 9 and a pulse width modulation unit 10 connected to the arithmetic control unit 9, the current a/D conversion module 7 is connected to the arithmetic control unit 9, and the pulse width modulation unit 10 is connected to all the Boost circuits 1. The current A/D conversion module 7 sends the current value of the connection section of each Boost circuit 1 and the galvanic pile 4 to the operation control unit 9, and the operation control unit 9 adjusts each Boost circuit 1 by controlling the pulse width modulation unit 10 according to the detected current condition, including the wave band width and the like, and the set condition so as to ensure that the wave emitting state of each Boost circuit 1 reaches the set requirement.
Meanwhile, the embodiment provides a detection method using the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection device, which includes the following steps:
all the Boost circuits 1 send square waves of different frequency sections to the galvanic pile 4 at the same time, all the current detection modules 2 respectively detect current values of sections where all the Boost circuits 1 are connected with the galvanic pile 4, and then DFFT analysis calculation is carried out on the obtained current values to obtain current values of different frequency sections; the voltage detection module 3 detects the voltages at the two ends of the galvanic pile 4 to obtain voltage values formed by overlapping square waves emitted by all the Boost circuits 1, then performs DFFT analysis and calculation on the obtained voltage values to obtain voltage values of different frequency sections, and calculates impedance values of different frequency sections according to the current values of the different frequency sections and the voltage values of the different frequency sections.
According to the detection method, the Boost circuit 1 is used as an excitation source, so that wave sending time is saved, and detection efficiency is greatly improved; meanwhile, square waves are adopted for detection, so that the problem that sampling precision is poor due to serious attenuation of high-frequency amplitude of triangular waves is avoided, and the detection method is guaranteed to be high in precision.
In the detection method in this embodiment, after the dc amount in the current value obtained by the current detection module 2 is specifically filtered, the current value is subjected to DFFT analysis and calculation; and after filtering the direct current quantity in the voltage value obtained by the voltage detection module 3, performing DFFT analysis and calculation on the voltage value.
The detection device and the detection method in the embodiment relate to detection of internal resistance of the hydrogen fuel cell, the Boost circuit 1 is used as an excitation source, online electrochemical impedance spectrum detection of the hydrogen fuel cell is achieved, and the multiple Boost circuits 1 are adopted to emit square waves at the same time, so that detection accuracy is improved. In the whole process, a plurality of excitation sources are integrated in a plurality of Boost circuits 1 which are connected in parallel in a staggered mode, n excitation sources can be generated through n paths of Boost circuits 1 which are connected in parallel in a staggered mode, the current of the fuel cell is controlled only by controlling the Boost circuits 1 to generate a direct current and a square wave which does not influence the stability of control slightly, the direct current and the square wave are overlapped to form a current, after the fuel cell is stabilized, the voltage and the current of the fuel cell are sampled to carry out DFFT analysis, the internal impedance of the fuel cell under each frequency is obtained, and the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the cell is drawn. The whole detection device and the method adopt the design of the excitation source, and overcome the defects that the time for sweeping the sine wave is long, the high-frequency amplitude attenuation of the triangular wave is serious, the sampling precision is poor, the time for giving the triangular wave with different frequencies in a time-sharing mode and the like in the prior art.
In addition, it can be seen from FFT analysis of the square wave and the triangular wave that the high frequency content of the square wave is n/2 times that of the triangular wave.
FFT of square wave:
FFT of triangular wave:
for example, in the embodiment, 6 paths of Boost circuits 1 may be specifically adopted to generate waves, a first path of the Boost circuits 1 generates 10HZ square waves, a second path of the Boost circuits 1 generates 50HZ square waves, a third path of the Boost circuits 1 generates 100HZ square waves, a fourth path of the Boost circuits 1 generates 500HZ square waves, a fifth path of the Boost circuits 1 generates 1000HZ square waves, and a sixth path of the Boost circuits 1 generates 5000HZ square waves. The DC-DC is 6 paths of interleaved Boost circuits 1 which are connected in parallel and emit waves simultaneously; the current is detected respectively through different current detection paths, the direct current quantity is processed and filtered through a circuit, and then the direct current quantity is converted into an analog/digital (A/D) signal and sent to a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to be analyzed and calculated through a Digital Frequency Fourier Transform (DFFT) to obtain current values of different frequency sections. Voltage sampling is carried out to obtain a voltage value generated by superposing 6 paths of square waves, direct current is filtered through circuit processing, and then voltage values with different frequencies are sent to a DSP through A/D conversion and are analyzed and calculated through DFFT. And calculating impedance values of different frequency bands by an impedance calculation method, and drawing to generate an impedance spectrum.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus of the present embodiment further includes an analysis and determination module 11 connected to the DFFT module 5, wherein the analysis and determination module 11 is connected to the VCU module 12, and the VCU module 12 is connected to the FCS module 13. In this embodiment, the operation control unit 9, the pulse width modulation unit 10, the current detection module 2, the voltage detection module 3, the a/D conversion module, the memory 6, the DFFT module 5, and the analysis and judgment module 11 constitute a main control unit of the detection apparatus.
In conclusion, the present invention effectively overcomes various disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The device for detecting the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the fuel cell is characterized by comprising a plurality of parallel-connected Boost circuits (1), current detection modules (2) and voltage detection modules (3) for detecting the voltage at two ends of an electric pile (4), wherein all the Boost circuits (1) are connected with the electric pile (4), each Boost circuit (1) can generate an excitation source, the number of the current detection modules (2) is the same as that of the Boost circuits (1), and all the current detection modules (2) are respectively used for detecting the current of the sections, connected with the electric pile (4), of all the Boost circuits (1).
2. The fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a DFFT module (5), wherein all of the current detection module (2) and the voltage detection module (3) are connected to the DFFT module (5).
3. The fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a memory (6), wherein the current detection module (2) and the voltage detection module (3) are both connected to the memory (6), and the DFFT module (5) is connected to the memory (6).
4. The fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a current A/D conversion module (7), wherein the current detection module (2) is connected to the memory (6) through the current A/D conversion module (7).
5. The fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a voltage A/D conversion module (8), wherein the voltage detection module (3) is connected to the memory (6) through the voltage A/D conversion module (8).
6. The fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection device according to claim 1, further comprising an arithmetic control unit (9) and a pulse width modulation unit (10) connected with the arithmetic control unit (9), wherein all the current detection modules (2) are connected with the arithmetic control unit (9), and the pulse width modulation unit (10) is connected with all the Boost circuits (1).
7. The fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detection apparatus according to claim 6, wherein all the current detection modules (2) are connected to a current A/D conversion module (7), and the current A/D conversion module (7) is connected to an arithmetic control unit (9).
8. A method of testing using the fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
all the Boost circuits (1) send square waves of different frequency sections to the galvanic pile (4) at the same time, all the current detection modules (2) respectively detect the current values of the sections where all the Boost circuits (1) are connected with the galvanic pile (4), and then DFFT analysis calculation is carried out on the obtained current values to obtain the current values of different frequency sections; the voltage detection module (3) detects the voltages at the two ends of the galvanic pile (4) to obtain voltage values formed by superposition of square waves emitted by all the Boost circuits (1), then performs DFFT analysis and calculation on the obtained voltage values to obtain voltage values of different frequency sections, and calculates impedance values of different frequency sections according to current values of different frequency sections and voltage values of different frequency sections.
9. The detection method according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the Boost circuits (1) sends 10HZ square waves, at least one of the Boost circuits (1) sends 50HZ square waves, at least one of the Boost circuits (1) sends 100HZ square waves, at least one of the Boost circuits (1) sends 500HZ square waves, at least one of the Boost circuits (1) sends 1000HZ square waves, and at least one of the Boost circuits (1) sends 5000HZ square waves.
10. The detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that after the direct current amount in the current value obtained by the current detection module (2) is filtered, the current value is subjected to DFFT analysis calculation; and after the direct current quantity in the voltage value obtained by the voltage detection module (3) is filtered, the voltage value is subjected to DFFT analysis and calculation.
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