CN114324497A - Polyaniline nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Polyaniline nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114324497A CN114324497A CN202111656552.4A CN202111656552A CN114324497A CN 114324497 A CN114324497 A CN 114324497A CN 202111656552 A CN202111656552 A CN 202111656552A CN 114324497 A CN114324497 A CN 114324497A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas sensitive materials, and discloses a polyaniline nanocomposite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dispersing the perylene bisimide derivative in a polar solvent, adding an alkaline reagent to adjust the pH value of the solution, and stirring to fully dissolve the perylene bisimide derivative; polyaniline is dispersed in nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone, and insoluble substances are removed by centrifugation. (2) And slowly adding the solution of the perylene bisimide derivative into the polyaniline solution along the wall of the container, standing for a period of time, and carrying out self-assembly to obtain the polyaniline nanocomposite. The preparation method is simple and efficient, has high repeatability, does not need sacrificial nanoparticles as templates, can regulate and control the product morphology through reaction conditions, and the prepared nano composite material has good room temperature response to ammonia gas under different humidity conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas sensitive materials, and particularly relates to a polyaniline nanocomposite with adjustable ammonia gas sensitivity and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The gas sensitive material is widely applied to the fields of environmental monitoring, safety protection, medical diagnosis or food quality monitoring and the like, and has important application value in the fields of industry, agriculture, medicine and the like. The detection of the target gas can be realized by utilizing the change of the acoustic, optical and electrical properties of the sensitive material before and after contacting the target gas. The sensitive material based on the electrical response mechanism has the characteristics of simple device, low cost, high repeatability, high stability and the like, and has important application value in the field of gas sensing. Such gas sensitive materials can be broadly classified as inorganic materials including metal oxides, transition metal sulfides, carbon nanomaterials, and the like, and organic materials including organic semiconductors and the like. Particularly, the organic semiconductor material has the characteristics of room temperature response, light weight, soluble liquefaction processing, high flexibility and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of wearable electronic equipment, medical health monitoring, intelligent food packaging materials and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polyaniline nano composite material which can realize effective detection of ammonia gas with series concentrations in different humidity environments at room temperature. Another object is to provide a process for the preparation thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the preparation method is obtained by adjusting the pH value, the solvent type and the concentration of the polyaniline solution and the perylene bisimide derivative solution and the mass ratio of the polyaniline solution to the perylene bisimide derivative solution and adopting a double-solvent co-assembly method.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the polyaniline nano composite material is prepared by the following steps:
1. dispersing the perylene bisimide derivative in a polar solvent, adding an alkaline reagent to adjust the pH value of the solution, and stirring to fully dissolve the perylene bisimide derivative; polyaniline is dispersed in nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone, and insoluble substances are removed by centrifugation.
2. And slowly adding the solution of the perylene bisimide derivative into the polyaniline solution along the wall of the container, standing for a period of time, and carrying out self-assembly to obtain the polyaniline nanocomposite.
The polyaniline has a relative molecular weight of 3 × 104～5×104g/mol;
the perylene bisimide derivative is N, N' -di (carboxyethyl) -1, 7-dinitro-3, 4, 9, 10-perylene bisimide;
the mass ratio of the polyaniline to the perylene bisimide derivative is 1: 0.2-1: 1.4.
the length-diameter ratio of the obtained composite material is 30-1000. Preferably, the polar solvent is one or more of deionized water, ethanol and methanol.
Preferably, the alkaline reagent is added in an amount for adjusting the pH of the solution to be between 10 and 14.
Preferably, the concentration of the perylene imide derivative solution is 0.01mg/ml to 0.2 mg/ml.
Preferably, the concentration of the polyaniline solution is 5mg/ml to 10 mg/ml.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the polar solvent to the nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone is 5: 1-100: 1.
preferably, the reaction time of the self-assembly is 12-24 hours.
The polyaniline nano composite material is used for detecting ammonia gas with the Relative Humidity (RH) of 10-70% under the condition of room temperature.
The polyaniline nanocomposite provided by the invention uses polyaniline and perylene bisimide derivatives as ammonia sensitive materials, and can realize effective detection of ammonia with a series of concentrations under the conditions of room temperature and different humidity.
Depending on reversible doping-de-doping effect, polyaniline has certain ammonia gas response capacity at room temperature, but the response/recovery time is longer, and the response value (expressed by the ratio of the resistance of the polyaniline exposed to ammonia gas to the resistance of the polyaniline in air) needs to be improved. The perylene bisimide derivative is used for detecting reducing gases, and a precisely assembled Field Effect Transistor (FETs) structure is required to be relied on, and an additional working voltage is required to be provided to amplify a current signal so as to enable the current signal to reach the lowest detection limit. Therefore, the perylene bisimide derivative has great limitation when being applied to scenes such as intelligent wearable equipment and the like for gas detection. The composite gas-sensitive material is prepared from different organic molecules, namely p-type semiconductor polyaniline and n-type semiconductor perylene bisimide derivatives, so that the response value of polyaniline can be improved, the properties which are not possessed by single-component perylene bisimide derivatives are endowed, namely the detectable resistance change of an FET structure is not depended, and the gas-sensitive performance of the composite gas-sensitive material is superior to the addition of the gas-sensitive performances of the two components. The reason is that the perylene bisimide derivative can form a one-dimensional nano structure through intermolecular pi-pi accumulation, can be used as a template for polyaniline chain segment distribution, and the one-dimensional nano composite material formed by co-assembling the perylene bisimide derivative and the polyaniline chain segment has the characteristic of high electron mobility. In addition, the heterojunction formed between the polyaniline and the perylene bisimide derivative greatly improves the separation efficiency of electrons, and does not need to be based on a structure of FETs, thereby greatly simplifying a detection device. The co-assembly and the combination of the two can generate gas-sensitive performance superior to the accumulation effect, and is very beneficial to the portable detection of ammonia gas at room temperature. The composite gas-sensitive material obtained by the invention has the characteristics of light weight and high flexibility, and has higher selectivity, lower detection limit, better repeatability and low humidity influence on ammonia gas at room temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the sensitivity of the polyaniline/perylene bisimide derivative nanocomposite to ammonia gas is regulated and controlled by preparing the polyaniline/perylene bisimide derivative nanocomposite. The perylene imide derivative can be used as a natural polyaniline nano-structure regulation template due to strong pi-pi interaction existing between perylene cores and solubilization and steric hindrance effects of a flexible substituent on an N-position, so that a molecular chain segment is effectively extended while polyaniline is doped, a p-N heterogeneous interface is greatly expanded, and an electron transmission path is shortened. The composite material has highly ordered superstructure and single-dimensional charge transport characteristics, so that the sensitivity of polyaniline to ammonia is remarkably improved, the detection limit is reduced, and the problem that the ammonia sensitivity is limited due to low electron transmission efficiency caused by difficult regulation and control of a one-dimensional nano structure of the polyaniline is effectively solved; on the other hand, the composite material simplifies the organic field effect transistor structure required by the perylene bisimide derivative applied to the ammonia detection field, and has the advantages of low cost, portability, large-scale production and the like.
2. The nano composite material provided by the invention has sensitivity to ammonia gas under room temperature and different humidity environments, the detection limit to ammonia gas can reach 10ppm, and the sensitivity to 300ppm ammonia gas can reach 38.
3. The composite material has a one-dimensional micro-nano structure, can have different length-diameter ratios under different self-assembly conditions, and can have stable response performance to ammonia under different humidity test conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the ammonia response results for the composite prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is the ammonia response results for the composite prepared in example 2;
FIG. 3 is the ammonia response results for the composite prepared in example 3;
FIG. 4 is the ammonia response results for the composite prepared in example 4;
FIG. 5 is the ammonia response results for the composite prepared in example 5;
FIG. 6 is the ammonia response results for the composite prepared in example 6;
FIG. 7 is an SEM photograph of the composite material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description. The polyaniline used in the following examples had a relative molecular weight of 3X 104～5×104g/mol; the perylene bisimide derivative is N, N' -di (carboxyethyl) -1, 7-dinitro-3, 4, 9, 10-perylene bisimide. All are commercially available products.
Example 1
Dispersing 1mg of perylene bisimide derivative in 100ml of deionized water, adding a proper amount of sodium hydroxide until the pH value of the solution is 10.5, and stirring to fully dissolve the perylene bisimide derivative; 5mg of polyaniline was dispersed in 1ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, and insoluble matter was removed by centrifugation. And slowly adding the solution of the perylene bisimide derivative into the polyaniline solution along the wall of the container, standing for 12 hours, and carrying out self-assembly to obtain the polyaniline nanocomposite.
The sensitivity of the composite material of this example to 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm ammonia at 10% relative humidity is shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the response value of the composite material to ammonia gas
Increase with increasing ammonia concentration, for the aboveThe response values of ammonia gas at concentrations of 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 3.3, 3.7 and 4.6, respectively.
Example 2
Dispersing 0.21mg of perylene bisimide derivative in 7ml of mixed solution of deionized water and ethanol, adding a proper amount of sodium hydroxide until the pH value of the solution is 11, and stirring to fully dissolve the perylene bisimide derivative; 6mg of polyaniline was dispersed in 1ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, and insoluble matter was removed by centrifugation. And slowly adding the solution of the perylene bisimide derivative into the polyaniline solution along the wall of the container, standing for 14 hours, and carrying out self-assembly to obtain the polyaniline nanocomposite.
The sensitivity of the composite material of this example to 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm ammonia at 30% relative humidity is shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the response value of the composite material to ammonia gas
The response values to the above concentrations of ammonia gas are 1.6, 2.1, 2.6, 1.6, 4.2, 7.2 and 10.3, respectively, as the ammonia gas concentration increases.
Example 3
Dispersing 4.2mg of perylene bisimide derivative in 84ml of mixed solution of deionized water and methanol, adding a proper amount of sodium hydroxide until the pH value of the solution is 12, and stirring to fully dissolve the perylene bisimide derivative; 7mg of polyaniline was dispersed in 1ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, and insoluble matter was removed by centrifugation. And slowly adding the solution of the perylene bisimide derivative into the polyaniline solution along the wall of the container, standing for 16 hours, and carrying out self-assembly to obtain the polyaniline nanocomposite.
The sensitivity of the composite material of this example to 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm ammonia at 50% relative humidity is shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the response value of the composite material to ammonia gas
The response values to ammonia gas of the above concentrations are 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.31, 1.33, 2.2, 3.1 and 3.8, respectively, as the ammonia gas concentration increases.
Example 4
Dispersing 8mg of perylene bisimide derivative in 80ml of dispersion liquid of ethanol and methanol, adding a proper amount of sodium hydroxide until the pH value of the solution is 13, and stirring to fully dissolve the perylene bisimide derivative; 8mg of polyaniline was dispersed in 1ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, and insoluble matter was removed by centrifugation. And slowly adding the solution of the perylene bisimide derivative into the polyaniline solution along the wall of the container, standing for 18 hours, and carrying out self-assembly to obtain the polyaniline nanocomposite.
The sensitivity of the composite of this example to 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm ammonia at 70% relative humidity is shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the response value of the composite material to ammonia gas
The response values to ammonia gas of the above concentrations were 1.5, 1.51, 3.8, 5.9, 8.1, 10.5 and 13.8, respectively, as the ammonia gas concentration increased.
Example 5
Dispersing 10.8mg of perylene bisimide derivative in 72ml of ethanol, adding a proper amount of sodium hydroxide until the pH value of the solution is 14, and stirring to fully dissolve the perylene bisimide derivative; 9mg of polyaniline was dispersed in 1ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, and insoluble matter was removed by centrifugation. And slowly adding the solution of the perylene bisimide derivative into the polyaniline solution along the wall of the container, standing for 20 hours, and carrying out self-assembly to obtain the polyaniline nanocomposite.
The sensitivity of the composite material of this example to 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm ammonia at 40% relative humidity is shown in FIG. 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the response value of the composite material to ammonia gas
The response values to ammonia gas of the above concentrations are 1.1, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7, 1.9, 2.4, 5.1 and 6.1, respectively, as the ammonia gas concentration increases.
Example 6
Dispersing 14mg of perylene bisimide derivative in 70ml of methanol, adding a proper amount of sodium hydroxide until the pH value of the solution is 13.5, and stirring to fully dissolve the perylene bisimide derivative; 10mg of polyaniline was dispersed in 1ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, and insoluble matter was removed by centrifugation. And slowly adding the solution of the perylene bisimide derivative into the polyaniline solution along the wall of the container, standing for 24 hours, and carrying out self-assembly to obtain the polyaniline nanocomposite.
The sensitivity of the composite material of this example to 10ppm, 20ppm, 30ppm, 40ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm ammonia at a relative humidity of 60% is shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the response value of the composite material to ammonia gas
The response values to ammonia gas of the above concentrations were 1.4, 1.45, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 4.3, 6.6 and 11.5, respectively, as the ammonia gas concentration increased.
The composite material shows stable resistance response to a series of ammonia gases with different concentrations in the range of 10-70% of relative humidity, and can realize effective detection of the ammonia gases with the series of concentrations under the conditions of room temperature and different humidity by selecting different reaction raw materials and feeding proportions.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A polyaniline nanocomposite is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
(1) dispersing the perylene bisimide derivative in a polar solvent, adding an alkaline reagent to adjust the pH value of the solution, and stirring to fully dissolve the perylene bisimide derivative; dispersing polyaniline in N-methyl pyrrolidone, and centrifuging to remove insoluble substances;
(2) adding the solution of the perylene bisimide derivative into the polyaniline solution along the wall of the container, and standing for reaction to obtain the polyaniline nanocomposite;
the polar solvent is one or more of deionized water, ethanol and methanol;
the perylene bisimide derivative is N, N' -di (carboxyethyl) -1, 7-dinitro-3, 4, 9, 10-perylene bisimide;
the polyaniline has a relative molecular weight of 3 × 104～ 5 ×104g/mol.
2. The polyaniline nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the polyaniline to the perylene bisimide derivative in parts by mass is 1: 0.2 to 1: 1.4.
3. the polyaniline nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the perylene imide derivative is 0.01mg/ml to 0.2 mg/ml; the concentration of the polyaniline solution is 5 mg/ml-10 mg/ml.
4. The polyaniline nanocomposite as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the addition of an alkaline agent adjusts the pH of the solution to between 10 and 14.
5. The polyaniline nanocomposite as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the volume ratio of the polar solvent to the nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone is 1: 1 to 1: 3.
6. use of the polyaniline nanocomposite as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 as a gas sensitive material, which is used for detection of ammonia gas in environments of different humidity at room temperature.
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| JP2003161715A (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-06-06 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Ammonia gas sensor and its manufacturing method |
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| KR20110116350A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2011-10-26 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | Gas sensor having chitosan filter-conducting polyaniline nanofiber composite and its fabrication method |
| WO2015184815A1 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2015-12-10 | 福州大学 | Flocculent-polyaniline-coated graphene composite material, method for preparation thereof, and use thereof |
| CN108847357A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-20 | 中国海洋大学 | Modified acid imide/the polyaniline composite electrode material of NaOH and its volumetric properties |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003161715A (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-06-06 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Ammonia gas sensor and its manufacturing method |
| WO2008153593A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-12-18 | Bourns Inc. | Nanomaterial-based gas sensors |
| KR20110116350A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2011-10-26 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | Gas sensor having chitosan filter-conducting polyaniline nanofiber composite and its fabrication method |
| WO2015184815A1 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2015-12-10 | 福州大学 | Flocculent-polyaniline-coated graphene composite material, method for preparation thereof, and use thereof |
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